245113086 Pharmacy Calculations

8/18/2019 245113086 Pharmacy Calculations

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Pharmacy Calculations

Authors:

Philip Trapskin, PharmD

Rebecca Reagan, RPh

Kimberley Hite, MS, PharmD

ohn Armitstea!, MS, RPh, "ASHP

Ser#ice Area: Pharmacy Ser#ices

Phone: $%&'( )&*+%-

.mail: khite)/email0uky0e!u

Date De#elope!

1r Re#ise!: April, )22&

Curriculum: Pharmacy

Target Au!ience: Pharmacists an! Pharmacy Technicians


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Supplies nee!e! 3or this C45

6 Please ha#e a calculator, pencil an! paper

a#ailable to complete this C450


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,+-ectives

Basic %athematics

Units of %easure

.atios an$ roportions

0ntravenous flo& $rip2 rate calculations

Common A++reviations

Menu


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1b7ecti#es

6Re#ie8 basic mathematics

6Re#ie8 units o3 measure

6Re#ie8 ratios an! proportions

6Re#ie8 concentration an! !ilution6Re#ie8 intra#enous 3lo8 $!rip( rate calculations

6Pro#i!e sample problems an! solutions


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4asic Mathematics

69umerals

A numeral is a 8or! or a sign, or a group o3 8or!s

or signs that e;presses a number0

6 Arabic $2, -, ), , 5, D, C, M ?(

69umbers

A number is a total @uantity or amount that is ma!e

o3 one or more numerals0


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4asic Mathematics cont0 $Kin!s o3 9umbers(

6hole 9umbers $-2, ))2, &, -'(6"ractions

Parts o3 8hole numbers $-B, )B*, --B-


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4asic Mathematics cont0 $Kin!s o3 9umbers(

6AR9=9E: riting !ecimals incorrectly can lea! tome!ication errors0

Trailing Feros

6 rite & not &02

9ake! !ecimal points

6 rite 20& not 0&

6Perio!s are sometimes !i33icult to see lea!ing to a -2

3ol! error0



4asic Mathematics cont0 $Problem Set G-(

6Con#ert the 3ollo8ing 3ractions to !ecimal numbers:

a0 -B) b0



4asic Mathematics cont0 $Problem Set G-(

6 Ans8ers 3or problem set G-:

a0 20& b0 20*& c0 - !0 20

e0 20


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4asic Mathematics cont0 $Percentages(

6 Concentration e;presse! as percentage

Percent 8eight+in+8eight $8B8( is the grams o3

!rug in -22 grams o3 the pro!uct0

Percent 8eight+in+#olume $8B#( is the grams o3

!rug in -22ml o3 the pro!uct0

Percent #olume+in+#olume $#B#( is the milliliters o3

!rug in -22ml o3 the pro!uct0

6These 8ill be !iscusse! 3urther later in the C450



Lnits o3 Measure $Metric System(

6 The metric system is base! on the !ecimal system, in 8hich e#erything ismeasure! in multiples or 3ractions o3 -20

6 Stan!ar! measures

Meter 5ength

Eram eight

5iter Nolume

6 Pre3i;es

kilo+ -222

milli+ -B-222 2022-

micro+ -B-222222 2022222-


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Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $Metric System(

6 Nolume is the amount o3 space occupie! by athree+!imensional ob7ect as measure! in cubic

units $as milliliters or liters(

5 5iter ml milliliter

- 5iter -222 milliliters



Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $Metric System(

6 Mass is a property o3 physical ob7ects 8hich measures theamount o3 matter in an ob7ect0

kg kilograms

g gram

mg milligram

mcg microgram

ng nanogram

- kilogram -222 grams

- gram -222 milligrams

- milligram -222 micrograms

- microgram -222 nanograms

.;ample

2022kg g 222mg ,222,222mcg



Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $1ther Systems(

6 A#oir!upois use! in measuring bulk me!ications$poun!s, ounces, grains(

6 Apothecary !e#elope! a3ter the A#oir!upois system to

enable 3ine 8eighing o3 me!ications $poun!s, ounces,

!rams, scruples, grains, gallons, pints, 3lui! ounces, 3lui!!rams, minims(

6 Househol! commonly use! to measure li@ui!s 8ith

home utensils $teaspoons, tablespoons, cups, pints,

@uarts(



Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $.@ui#alencies(

6 .@ui#alencies among systems - inch )0& cm

- kg )0) poun!s $lb(

- 3lui! ounce $3l oF( )'0&*$



Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $Problem set G)(

6 "ill in the blanks:a0- liter $5( OOOOOOOOml

b0-222 g OOOOOOOOOOkg

c0- g OOOOOOOOOOOOOmg

!0-222 mcg OOOOOOOOOmge0- T4S OOOOOOOOOOOOtsp

30 - T4S OOOOOOOOOOOOOml

g0 ) 3l oF OOOOOOOOOOOOOml

h0*2 kg OOOOOOOOOOOOOOpoun!s $lb(



Lnits o3 Measure cont0 $Problem set G)(

6 "ill in the blanks:a0- liter $5( -222 ml

b0-222 g - kg

c0- g -222 mg

!0-222 mcg - mge0- T4S < tsp

30 - T4S -& ml

g0 ) 3l oF 2 ml

h0*2 kg -& poun!s $lb(


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Ratios an! Proportions

6 A ratio states a relationship bet8een t8o @uantities0 .;ample: & g o3 !e;trose in -22 ml o3 8ater $De;trose & in

ater o3ten abbre#iate! as D&(

6 A proportion is t8o e@ual rations0

.;ample: & g o3 !e;trose in -22 ml o3 8ater e@uals &2 g o3!e;trose in -222 ml o3 8ater

& g &2 g

-22ml -222ml

=3 you kno8 three o3 the 3our terms you can calculate the 3ourth0

=


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Ratios an! Proportions cont0

6 A #ial o3 !rug contains 2mgB)ml0 Ho8 many milliliters$ml( are re@uire! to obtain


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Concentration an! Dilution

6 Terminology

& !e;trose in 8ater is the same as D&0

20' so!ium chlori!e $9aCl( is the same as

normal saline $9S(0 Hal3+normal saline is hal3 the strength o3

normal saline $20' 9aCl(, or 20& 9aCl0

This may also be re3erre! to as -B)9S


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Concentration an! Dilution cont0

6 Remin!er

Percent 8eight+in+8eight $8B8( is the grams

o3 !rug in -22 grams o3 the pro!uct0

Percent 8eight+in+#olume $8B#( is the gramso3 !rug in -22ml o3 the pro!uct0

Percent #olume+in+#olume $#B#( is the

milliliters o3 !rug in -22ml o3 the pro!uct0


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6 .;ample -: 20' so!ium chlori!e $8B#( 20' g o3 so!ium chlori!e in

-22 ml o3 solution0

6 .;ample ):

& !e;trose in 8ater $8B#( & g o3 !e;trose in -22 ml o3solution0

6 .;ample


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6 .;ample : Ho8 many grams o3 !e;trose are in - 5 o3 D&

Kno8 ratio: D& means &g

-22ml

Lnkno8n ratio: >

-222ml

rite the proportion an! sol#e 3or >:

> &g > &2 g

-222ml -22ml

=


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Sol#ing concentration an! !ilution problems

-0 Calculate the number o3 grams in -22 ml o3 solution0 That

is your Ikno8nJ ratio0

)0 Then calculate the number o3 grams in the #olume

re@ueste! in the problem by setting up a proportion0


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Concentration an! Dilution cont0 $Problem Set G


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Concentration an! Dilution cont0 $Problem Set G


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Concentration an! Dilution cont0 $Problem Set G(

-0 An or!er calls 3or & million units o3 a@ueous penicillin0 Ho8

many milliliters are nee!e! i3 the concentration is &22,222unitsBml

)0 Ho8 many milliliters are nee!e! 3ro -& million units o3

penicillin i3 the concentration is - million units per milliliter


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&0 1;acillin come in a &22mgB-0&ml solution0 Ho8 many milliliters 8ill be

re@uire! 3or a -0& g !ose

0 Ho8 many grams o3 ampicillin are in ml o3 a &22mgB-0&ml solution

*0 Ho8 many milliliters contain < g o3 cephalothin i3 the concentration o3

the solution is -gB0& ml

%0 Ho8 many grams o3 magnesium sul3ate are in ) ml o3 a &2

magnesium sul3ate solution

'0 Ho8 many milliliters o3 a &2 !e;trose solution are nee!e! 3or a -2 g

!e;trose !ose

-20 Ho8 many grams o3 !e;trose are in &2 ml 9S solution


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Solutions:

-0 -2 ml

)0 -& ml


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=ntra#enous $=N( 3lo8 $!rip( rate calculations

6 Lsing 3lo8 rates you can calculate the #olume o3 3lui! oramount o3 !rug a patient 8ill be recei#ing o#er a certain

perio! o3 time0

6 Calculation o3 =N 3lo8 $!rip( rates is necessary to ensure

that patients are recei#ing the amount o3 me!ication thephysician or!ere!0

6 At LKCMC pharmacy technicians per3orm !rip roun!s to

#eri3y !rip rate !oses 3or patient sa3ety, enhance patient

care, an! minimiFe !rug 8aste0


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=ntra#enous $=N( 3lo8 $!rip( rate calculations cont0

6 .;ample: An or!er is 8ritten 3or )&,222 units o3 heparin in )&2 ml o3

D& to in3use at -222unitsBhr, 8hat is the correct rate o3 the

in3usion $in mlBhr(

-0 Concentration o3 =N 0 =N rate

)0 Concentration o3 =N &0 =N rate


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6 Practice problem set G&-0 An or!er is 8ritten 3or ) g o3 li!ocaine in )&2 ml

o3 D& to in3use at -)2mgBhr0 hat is the correct

in3usion in $mlBhr(

)0 An or!er is 8ritten 3or )&,222 units o3 heparin in

)&2 ml o3 D& to in3use at -*mlBhr0 Ho8 many

units o3 heparin 8ill the patient recei#e in -)

hours


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6 Practice problem set G& solutions-0 An or!er is 8ritten 3or ) g o3 li!ocaine in )&2 ml

o3 D& to in3use at -)2mgBhr0 hat is the correct

in3usion in $mlBhr( 1ml/hr

)0 An or!er is 8ritten 3or )&,222 units o3 heparin in

)&2 ml o3 D& to in3use at -*mlBhr0 Ho8 many

units o3 heparin 8ill the patient recei#e in -)

hours !"(#"" units


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Common Abbre#iations

D& & !e;trose in 8ater

D-2 -2 !e;trose in 8ater

9SS or 9S 20' so!ium chlori!e $normal saline(

-B)9S 20& so!ium chlori!e $hal3 normal saline(

-B9S or 20)9S 20))& so!ium chlori!e $@uarter normal saline(

5R 5actate! RingerQs

D&5R & !e;trose in 5actate! RingerQs


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Common Abbre#iations cont0

D&9S & !e;trose in 20' so!ium chlori!e

C5 or Cl Chlori!e

9a So!ium

Mg Magnesium

K Potassium

S1 or S1 Sul3ate

m.@ millie@ui#alent

mmol + millimole


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Summary

"or more in3ormation on this topic or to re@uest a!!itional training please

contact:Kimberley Hite, MS, PharmD

khite)/email0uky0e!u

6 Please procee! to the test an! complete all the @uestions0

6 The passing score 3or this mo!ule is )& correct ans8ers0

6 Success3ul completion o3 this e;am is re@uire! to !emonstrate pharmacy

calculations competency0


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Click the Take Test button on the le3t si!e o3 the screen 8hen you are rea!y to complete the re@uirements 3or this course0

.;it

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245113086 Pharmacy Calculations

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