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The way in which leaders influence their

followers is referred to as leadership style.

The leadership style of an individual is

determined by the extent of control he

exercises over his followers and the way

he behaves towards them.

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1. Autocratic Leadership: - Leaders who adopt this style retain all the authority and decision

making power.

They do not consider employees suggestions, opinions or views.

Communication flows only from the leader to the followers andthe amount of information that flows through the channel iscontrolled by the leader.

The Autocratic Leadership style is useful when employees arenew and inexperienced and need to be guided.

It is also useful when a decision has made immediately and thetime and situation does not permit consultation and discussion.

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2. Consultative Leadership: -

Consultative (or Participative) leadersencourages employees to participate in

decision making. The leader listens to subordinates ideas and

opinions, but takes the final decision himself.

Consultative (or participative) leadership styleis useful when subordinates are competentand capable of working independently withlittle or no supervision by the leader.

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3. Laissez Faire or Subordinate-centeredLeadership: -

In this style, the leader completely delegates theresponsibilities, and decision making power to the

subordinates. The leader simply presents the task to the

subordinates.

The laissez faire leader shows respect forsubordinates and encourages them to express their

views and opinions freely. The Laissez Faire style is useful when subordinates

need a high degree of independence to perform welland when the leader has complete confidence in thesubordinates capabilities.

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4. Bureaucratic Leadership: - Leaders set certain rigid rules and regulations and

procedures.

They carry out their tasks in a mechanical way.

5. Manipulative Leadership: - In this style of leadership, leaders believe that employees

should be manipulated to get them to behave in the waythe leader wants them to behave.

The leaders identify the needs and desires of employees

and use this information against them to achieve theirgoals.

This style of leadership is used to motivate employees toperform on projects of short duration. But it is highlyineffective in creating a long-lasting relationship between

subordinates and the leader.

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6. Expert Leadership: -

In this leadership style, a person with a

high level of knowledge and abilities leads

the group.

To maintain his leadership position, the

leader should continuously demonstrate

his expertise.

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1. System 1 Management: - This style iscalled the exploitive-authoritative style. Itrepresents dictatorial leadership behavior.

All the decisions are made by the managers,and there is little employee participation.

2. System 2 Management: - Thismanagement style is called the benevolent-

authoritative style. Though the managersbehave in a patronizing manner, they haveconfidence and trust in their subordinates.

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3. System 3 Management: - This style is referred to as theconsultative style. Manager in this system do not havecomplete confidence and trust in their subordinates. Thoughthey seek advice from subordinates, they retain the right totake the final decision.

4. System 4 Management: - This style of management is calledthe participative leadership style. In this system, managerstrust their subordinates completely and have confidence intheir abilities.

DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP The quality of subordinates/followers

The nature of the situation

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DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP

The quality of subordinates/followers

An effective leader always builds a strong team consisting ofpeople who are independent and self motivated. Lack ofinitiative on the part of subordinates and overdependenceindicates that leader is ineffective.

The nature of the situation:Different individuals are effective in different situations. Therefore

an individual who has the background and knowledgerelevant to a given situation will come forward to lead thegroup when the situation arises.