Classification of scientific research(for discussion)

Prof. Jan Burnewicz & Prof. Monika Bak, University of Gdansk

Gdansk 2017

Purpose of Research (Frascati Manual 2015)Basic Applied Experimental developmentClassification criteria

The nature of the researchPure (general, comprehensive, exhaustive, monographic) Detailed (elementary, crucial, in-

depth)Oriented (priority, strategy, support)

Specialised (implementation, experiments, demonstration)

Form of cognition

Theoretical (abstract, conceptual, speculative)

Empirical (observational, analytical, pragmatic)

Empirical (observational, experimental, analytical)

Technological (design, measurement, experiments, pilot studies, laboratories, tests)

Research procedureExploratory (probing, penetrative, investigative, conceptual)

Practical studies (experiments, experiences, checks)

Data analysedQuantitative (measurement, observation representative, quantitative modeling, quantitative inference)

Qualitative (process mapping, assessment of the state of objects and phenomena, modelling dependencies)

Area of knowledgeMonodisciplinary (formal, natural, technical, humanistic, social, artistic)

Multidisciplinary (interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, heuristic, innovative)

Scale of cognitionElementary (micro)

System (macro) Case studies

Elementary and system Unique

Prototype

Descriptive (literature analysis, archival research, historical observations)

Explanatory (interpretative, analytical, causal, comparative)