NOR ANIS ALWANI BINTI SAKRI (168742)

SUPERVISOR: PROF.DR. SIDEK HJ. AB AZIZ

INTRODUCTION PROBLEM

STATEMENT

OBJECTIVES LITERATURE

REVIEW

METHODOLOGY

EXPECTED RESULT

Research Background

• Soda lime silica (SLS) glass has a silica, SiO₂ and cockle shell contain calcium carbonate, CaCO₃.

• The CaO decomposed from CaCO₃ of cockle shell by pre-heat treatment at 900°C.

• This two combination showed that the food wastes can produce a new product such as Wollastonite glass-ceramic.

Wollastonite is a calcium meta-silicate that has chemical formula of CaSiO₃.

Limestone contain CaCO₃ with the silica SiO₂ in hot magmas.

Used in the production material like ceramics, paint and medical supplies.

Wollastonite

Occur abundantly and easy to obtain in nature.

CaCO₃ can be converted to CaO via the thermal decomposition process.

Cockle shell made up 97% of Calcium element.

Introduction

Cockle shell

SLS glass is the most prevalent type of glass.

Consist of 70% silica (SiO₂), 15% sodium oxide (Na₂O) and 9% calcium oxide (CaO).

SLS product including bulbs, window panes, art object and bottles.

Introduction

SLS glass

Growth of economy causes huge amounts of

industrial wastes.

Waste products have certain elements that can be

used to produce new products.

Main purpose of this project is to turn waste into

wealth by producing the wollastonite glass ceramic

from the waste sources such SLS glass bottles and

waste cockle shell.

Problem Statement

Objective

To produce wollastonite

glass-ceramic from waste

material

To study the composition and heat treatment

effect on physical properties.

Calcium oxide

Author Research Finding

(Mohamed, Yousuf, &

Maitra, 2012)

Decomposition study of

calcium carbonate in cockle

shell.

- Sea shell contained about

95%-99% by weight of

CaCO3 which has enabled

it to be applied for quite a

number of purposes.

Literature Review

Soda lime silica (SLS) glass Author Research Finding

(Cormier, Calas, & Beuneu,

2011)

Structural changes between

soda-lime silicate glass and

melt

-Soda-lime silica glass, easily

to synthesized as a

homogeneous glass.

-Have high stability against

crystallization, high viscosity

at the liquidus temperature

permitting glass forming,

high potential for fiber

drawing and compositional

control of index of refraction

and coefficient of thermal

expansion.

Literature Review

Glass-ceramic

Author Research Finding

(Yoon, Lee, Lee, Yun, &

Yoon, 2013)

Characterization of

Wollastonite Glass-ceramics

Made from Waste Glass and

Coal Fly Ash

-The crystallization behavior

of wollastonite glass-ceramics

were investigated by means of

X-ray diffraction (XRD)

analysis and surface

morphological observations,

and the chemical

compositions were evaluated

by field emission-scanning.

Literature Review

Cleaning

Crushing

Grinding

Sieving

Powder

Methodology Preparation Of Sample

1

Weighing

2

Milling

3

Melting

4

Quenching

5

Drying

Methodology

6

Crushing & grinding

7

Sieving

8

Powder pressing

9

Sintering

10

Further analysis

Methodology

Analysis

Expected result

XRD

Determine whether the sample is amorphous or crystalline phase.

XRF

Measure the composition of the sample.

FT-IR

Determine the molecular formula and the structures of the sample.

Density

Using the Archimedes principle to determine the physical properties.

Expected Result

• Boey, P.-L., Maniam, G. P., Hamid, S. A., & Ali, D. M. H. (2011). Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology. Fuel, 90(7), 2353–2358. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.002

• Chemical Geology Carbonation o f Ca-bea ring silicates , the case o f wollastonite : Experimental investigations and kinetic modeling. (2009), 262, 262–277.

• Cormier, L.,Calas, G., & Beuneu, B. (2011). Structural changes between soda-lime silicate glass and melt. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357(3), 926–931. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.10.014

• Mohamed, M.,Yousuf, S., & Maitra, S. (2012). Decomposition study of calcium carbonate in cockle shell. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 7(1), 1–10.

Reference

• Nurul, K., Bin, Z., Bakar, A., Noordin, M. M., Zobir, M., Hussein, B., … Ali, E. (2011). Characterisation of calcium carbonate and its polymorphs from cockle shells ( Anadara granosa ). Powder Technology, 213(1-3), 188–191. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.07.031

• Rashid, R. A., Shamsudin, R., Azmi, M., Hamid, A., & Jalar, A. (2014). In-vitro bioactivity of wollastonite materials derived from limestone and silica sand, 40, 6847–6853.

• Vichaphund, S., Kitiwan, M., Atong, D., & Thavorniti, P. (2011). Microwave synthesis of wollastonite powder from eggshells. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 2435–2440. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.026

• Zhang, W., & Liu, H. (2013). A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass – ceramics directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization – sintering. Ceramics International, 39(2), 1943–1949. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.08.044

Reference