2013 02 frames rev 10-06-12
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Transcript of 2013 02 frames rev 10-06-12
Primary Primary Framing Framing SystemsSystems
VP UniversityVP University
SCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCSC
DE
Scale Legend
Mile(s)
0 200 400
INIL
ID
IA
GA
FL
CT
CO
CA
AZ
AR
AL
NJ
NH
NE
ND
NC
MT
MS
MO
MN
MI
ME
MD
MA
LA
KYKS
VT
VA
UT
TX
TN
SD
PA
OR
OK
OH
NY
NV
NM
WY
WV
WI
WA
SK
QC
ON
NB
MB
AB
Visalia Visalia
St. Joseph St. Joseph Turlock
San Marcos San Marcos
Monterrey, MX Monterrey, MX
Pine Bluff
MemphisMemphis
Jackson Jackson
Rainsville Rainsville
Laurinburg Laurinburg
Greensboro
Annville Annville
BlueScope BuildingsBlueScope BuildingsManufacturing FacilityManufacturing Facility
Sales & Engineering Office
VP Headquarters
Evansville Evansville
BlueScope Buildings NA BlueScope Buildings NA – Headquarters – Headquarters Kansas City, MOKansas City, MO
Greensboro
BlueScope Manufacturing and VP
Service Centers
Service Centers / Sales Regions
WestWest
NorthernNorthern
CentralCentral EasternEastern
12/9/10
Dry Cutting PlasmaDry Cutting Plasma(St. Joseph, Missouri)(St. Joseph, Missouri)
0005.wmv
WebsWebs
Conrac (welding)Conrac (welding)
Hand WeldHand Weld
Structural Steel Beam Compared to Pre-
engineered Beam of Equivalent Strength
GeometryGeometry
1515
Roof Slope = Rise/Run
X
12
GeometryGeometry
1616
Dimension to 1/16”
GeometryGeometry
1717
Dimension to 1/16”
Eave HeightEave Height
1818
Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Clear Span(Rigid Frame)
Modular(Continuous Beam)
Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Primary FramesPrimary Frames
http://www.daconstruction.com/steel.htm - Dick Anderson Construction
Primary Primary FramesFrames
Carry loads to the foundation Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and
gray* in color (bronze and red oxide also available at additional cost).
Spans and Eave Heights in increments of 1/16”
* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010
VP UniversityVP University
232323
• All Structural Connections use A325T (Full Thread) Bolts (optional A490)
• ASTM F1852 Tension Control Bolt Option still available.
• All Secondary Connections (except girt to jambs) will be A325T (T = full-thread bolts) ½” x 1½” plated bolts.
Bolts
Pre-punched Holes
VP primary frames have pre-punched holes for purlin connections
VP UniversityVP University
Typical Connections(“A” splice plate)
VP UniversityVP University
Typical Connections (“B” splice plate)
VP UniversityVP University
Typical ConnectionsTypical Connections
Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate
Face-bolted Face-bolted column/raftercolumn/rafter
Factory Welded Factory Welded ClipsClips
Bolted clips used mainly on all export jobs. Avoids damage to welded clips and allows for easier packing of shipping containers.
Primary FramingPrimary Framing
VP UniversityVP University
Open Web
Solid Web
Primary FramesPrimary FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & BenefitsWhat roof pitches are available for Primary Frames?
–Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper pitches available if needed
What is the maximum eave height allowed?
–As required by the end userVP UniversityVP University
Good Year Blimp Good Year Blimp HangarHangar
Good Year Blimp Good Year Blimp HangarHangar
Good Year Blimp Good Year Blimp HangarHangar
Two-piece bolted Two-piece bolted columncolumn
Exterior Column Exterior Column VariationsVariations
VP UniversityVP University
Tapered StraightStraightTaperedStraightTapered
TaperedStraightTaperedStraight
Straight-TaperedStraight-Tapered
Tapered-StraightTapered-Straight
Tapered-StraightTapered-Straight
Interior Column Interior Column OptionsOptions
3-PlateBuilt-up
Pipe
Tube(Square)
Wide Flange
Triangle TubeTriangle Tube
Primary Primary FramesFrames
Rigid Frame Rigid Frame
VP UniversityVP University
Rigid FramesRigid Frames
Rigid Frames (with Rigid Frames (with crane brackets)crane brackets)
Rigid Frame Cross Rigid Frame Cross SectionSection
VP UniversityVP University
RF with an Offset RidgeRF with an Offset Ridge
VP UniversityVP University
RF Single SlopeRF Single Slope
VP UniversityVP University
Loads to the Foundation
VP UniversityVP University
Forces
LOAD
LOAD
Rigid FramesRigid FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits
Why or when should this type of frame be used?
– When CLEAR SPANS are required
How wide can a Rigid Frame be?
– VP has done them up to 300’ wide
VP UniversityVP University
RF (Pitt Panthers-RF (Pitt Panthers-Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Steelers)Steelers)
Baumer ConstructionFt. Laramie, Ohio
Hickory Hill Concert Pavilion
Primary Primary FramesFrames
Continuous Continuous BeamBeam
VP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FramesFrames
VP UniversityVP University
VP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Frames
CB Frame w/ Offset CB Frame w/ Offset RidgeRidge
VP UniversityVP University
Interior Column at Interior Column at CBCB
CB Frame with CB Frame with Unequal ModulesUnequal Modules
VP UniversityVP University
CB with unequal CB with unequal spacingspacing
CB with unequal CB with unequal spacingspacing
Remember: Everywhere you add an Interior Column you have more foundation and more labor.
Int.Col. Spacing less than 30’-0” usually not economical.
CB Frame Options – any building shape
VP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FramesFrames
Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits When should this type of frame be used?
– Wide Span Buildings
What does adding interior columns do to the rafter?
– Makes it lighterVP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FramesFrames
Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits How does this affect the price of the rafter?
– The price decreasesHow wide can a CB frame be?
– VP has done them over 800’ wide
VP UniversityVP University
Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Unibeam Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Unibeam FramesUnibeam Frames
RF at same Span RF at same Span as UBas UB
Rigid Frame $2053 1362 lbs.
UniBeam $2380 1582 lbs.
Unibeam Features & Unibeam Features & BenefitsBenefits
VP UniversityVP University
TYPICAL RIGID FRAME
Unibeam Features & Benefits
Ceiling Line
• More vertical clearance at sidewalls with UB
• Straight Column with UB vs. Tapered with RF
Truss FramesTruss Frames
Wind Bent
CT-2
Patent for Clark Patent for Clark Prudhon’s Truss Frame Prudhon’s Truss Frame
- 1959- 1959
Open Web To Open Web To ColumnColumn
Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss
8383
Truss BeamTruss Beam
VP UniversityVP University
Piping and wiring can be run through an open web frame...
... It doesn’t have to go under the frame.
Crane – VP / HybridCrane – VP / Hybrid
180 x 350 x 20180 x 350 x 20
2009 IBC2009 IBC
35 psf GS35 psf GS
20 LL20 LL
90 mph Wind90 mph Wind
50 ft. bays50 ft. bays
Sample Sample ProjectProject
Frame Frame ComparisonsComparisons
(Non-discounted prices shown)
Primary Primary FramesFrames
Lean-to Lean-to Frames Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Lean-To FramesLean-To Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Below Eave Lean-to
At Eave
Lean-to
Lean-ToLean-To
End FramesEnd Frames
Post & Beam End Post & Beam End FramesFrames
MaterialsMaterials
VP UniversityVP University
Back-to-Back Cees
Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate
3-Plate Built-Up3-Plate Built-Up
MaterialsMaterials
Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate
•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated cold formed CEEs•riveted back-to-back CEEs•Single CEE (inset girts only)•3-plate welded solution as needed•Tube and Hot Roll endwall posts are an option.
•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated cold formed CEEs•riveted back-to-back CEEs•Single CEE (inset girts only)•3-plate welded solution as needed•Tube and Hot Roll endwall posts are an option.
Gage Endpost ABGage Endpost AB
Rigid Frame with End Rigid Frame with End PostsPosts
VP UniversityVP University
End Posts can be used with any frame type
Post and Beam Post and Beam StabilityStability
Automated diaphragm check; If fails, Rods may
automatically be designed… …Initially at interior bay… …Then at endbay(s)
100100
Post and Beam Post and Beam StabilityStability
101101
Half and Full-load Half and Full-load EndframesEndframes
Endpost “clipped” to rafter for wind
No vertical support provided
Half and Full-load Half and Full-load EndframesEndframes
VP UniversityVP University
Soldier / Wind Soldier / Wind ColumnColumn
A Soldier Column is used to reduce the span of the sidewall girts when long bays ( 30’-0” +) are required.
Soldier ColumnsSoldier
Columns
VP UniversityVP University
Post and Post and BeamBeam
Applied Design Concepts and Considerations
Primary Primary FramesFrames
Moment Resisting Frames
Load
P&Bs AreP&Bs AreNOTNOT Moment Moment
ResistingResisting
Load
How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame WorksFrame Works
Diaphragm is the metal panel’s ability to resist loads within its surface.
Post & Beam Post & Beam FramesFrames
Bracing or the diaphragmaction of wall panels isrequired to resist wind loadsfrom the side of the building
Ledger Angle at End Ledger Angle at End Frame LocationFrame Location
Pinned and Rigid Pinned and Rigid Connection Connection
TypesTypes
VP UniversityVP University
Rigid Connections at thehaunches and rafter splices
Pinned Connectionsat the base
Concrete Compression Concrete Compression StrengthStrength
Concrete Compression Concrete Compression StrengthStrength
Don’t lose the opportunity to take advantage of higher strength concrete when it’s already specified on the project.
Pinned Base Sidewall Pinned Base Sidewall ColumnsColumns
Fixed BaseFixed Base
Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column
VP UniversityVP University
CraneCrane(some may require fixed base (some may require fixed base
condition)condition)
Frame Deflection Frame Deflection ConsiderationsConsiderations
VP UniversityVP University
HorizontalDeflection
Vertical Deflection
Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns
and Rafters and Rafters
Supported Members have Flange Braces
Unsupported Members do not have Flange Braces.(may or may not have girts)
Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns
and Raftersand Rafters A column or rafter is considered
unsupported when it does not have Lateral support.
This condition occurs when there are no flange braces attached to the compression (Inside) flange.
Unsupported columns are typically more expensive than Supported.
Primary Framing Primary Framing TipsTips The more you reduce the
span of a member the more you reduce the cost (to a certain point)…
Tapered members most economical
Span frames shortest distance in building
Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips Gage Post and Beam most
economical endwall frame Reduce endbay span if possible Reduce Int. Col. Span near
sidewalls Do Not specify deflection higher
than necessary Open Web frames economical
with large spans and heavy loads