2010 Chapter 5 Roman Empire Part I

8/8/2019 2010 Chapter 5 Roman Empire Part I

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Chapter Five Roman EmpireChapter Five Roman Empire

600 B.C. A.D. 500



Early Rome Emerges From Myth

Remus &

Romulus

Etruscans had thegreatest influence

Develops into the

greatest empire of

the ancient world.



Story of Remus & Romulus

Faustulus (to the right

of picture) discoversRomulus and Remus

with the she-wolf and

woodpecker. Their mother Rhea Silvia

and the river-god

Tiberinus witness the

moment.



Video: Birth of Rome



The Roman

Empire



Italy is a peninsula about 750

miles long Apennine (A PUN NAY)

Mountains run down the center

Not rugged like in Greece,provides Good Farming



The Land and Peoples of ItalyThe Land and Peoples of Italy

3 important fertile plains ideal for farming are along the Po River along the Po River ; the plain of Latiumthe plain of Latium, where Romeis located; and the plain of plain of CampaniaCampania, south of Latium. ¡

farmland allowed it to support alarge population.



Etruscans

Greeks

Carthaginians



The Impact of Geography

Rome located 18 milesinland on the Tiber River

Easy access to the sea

but safe from piratesBuilt on 7 hills



The Impact of Geography

Italian peninsula was a naturalstopping point for trade &

travelCenter of Mediterranean Travel

Turn to page 149, ³Voices from the Past´



Daily Life in Ancient Rome - Video



What made Rome Great?



³All roads

lead to Rome´



Building Roman Roads« slaves at work.



United by

Great Roadsystem



Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

large flat stones concretegravel and sand



Introduced standard coinage

throughout the Empire



Enforced

standardweights and

measurementsthroughout

theEmpire



Romans:Romans:

F or all their war, not one puts on a crown,but instead builds a senate where they

consider the best for all people.



The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

Early Rome ruled by kings, someEtruscan

509 B.C. overthrew the last Etruscan

king

Republic a form of government

in which the leader is not amonarch & certain citizens havethe right to vote



Roman V alues & Virt ues Roman V alues & Virt ues

3 virtues:

duty, courage & discipline

Livy Roman historian wroteof Cin cinnat us



Horatius at theHoratius at the

BridgeBridge

When the Etruscans began to crossthe bridge over the river Tiber, andas the Romans fled, Horatius andtwo front-line general officers,stood guard at the bridge.

Horatius ordered the destruction of the bridge behind him: he stationedhimself behind a pile of corpses andheld off the attackers, returningtheir missiles and preventing themfrom approaching.

Just as the bridge became uselesshe received a spear in the buttocks;

leaping into the water in full armor,he swam to safety though given acrippling wound.

Duty, Courage & Discipline? Duty, Courage & Discipline?

YES!YES!



Why Rome W as S ucc essf ul? Why Rome W as S ucc essf ul?

1. Good diplomats2. Extending Roman

citizenship & allowing statesto run internal affairs

3. Skilled persistent soldiers &brilliant strategists



Why Rome W as S ucc essf ul? Why Rome W as S ucc essf ul?

4. Built towns connected byroads

5. Soldiers were deployed

quickly6. Law & politics: Romanwere practical & created

institutions that respondedto problems



The Government of RomeThe Government of Rome

Two groups:

1. Patricians great landowners,

who became Romes ruling class 2. Plebeians landholders,

craftspeople, merchants & smallfarmers

*Only patricians elected to public office



Patriciancarrying

busts of his ancestors in

a parade




Chief executive officers

Consuls (2) ran thegovernment & led theRoman army into battle

Praetors in charge of civil law




S enate, about 300 patriciansserved for life

C enturiate assembly, electedconsuls & praetors & passed

lawsOrganized by classes based on

wealth



Roman LawRoman Law

First code of law:

Twelve TablesTwelve Tables L aw of Nations : Issues of Romanand Non-Roman citizenship

Standards of justice applied to allpeople equally & used principlesrecognized today



Law of Nations Law of Nations

Innocent until provenotherwise

The accused has a right to adefense before a judge

Judges should decide casesbased on evidence



Punic WarsPunic Wars ± ± Rome Becomes PowerfulRome Becomes Powerful



Rome Conquers the Mediterranean

Rome faced a strong power inthe Mediterranean±Carthage. ¡

Founded by the Phoenicians around 800 B.C. onthe coast of North Africa, Carthage had a largetrading empire in the western Mediterranean. ¡

The presence of Carthaginians in Sicily worried

the Romans. ¡

The two groups began a long struggle in 264B.C. for control of the Mediterranean area.



Rome Conquers the Mediterranean(cont.)

The First Punic War ¡

Romans realized that to win the war they needed a large navy, which they

built. ¡

Rome defeated Carthage¶s navy, andin 241 B.C. Carthage gave up its rightsto Sicily and paid money to Rome. ¡

Sicily became Rome¶s first province.

Vid 1st P i W



Video: 1st Punic War



1st Punic

War

R C th M dit



Carthage wanted revenge. ¡

Hannibal, the greatest Carthaginiangeneral, began the Second Punic War,which lasted from 218 to 201 B.C. ¡

To take the war to Rome, Hannibalentered Spain, moved east, and thencrossed the Alps with a large army,including a large number of horses and37 battle elephants. ¡

Many soldiers and animals died during thecrossing, but Rome was still under a real threat.




Video: Hannibal¶s Revenge



Hannibal

Leads the

Carthage

over the

Alps



Vid 2nd P i W



Video: 2nd Punic War




At the Battle of Cannae, Rome lost40 thousand men. ¡

In response, Rome raised another army. ¡

Meanwhile, Hannibal roamed throughout Italy

but could not successfully attack the major cities. ¡

In a brilliant move, Rome attacked Carthage,forcing the recall of Hannibal. ¡

At the Battle of Zama, Rome crushedHannibal¶s forces. ¡

Spain became a Roman province, and Rome

controlled the western Mediterranean.




Hannibal



T he Defeat of Hannibal at the BattleT he Defeat of Hannibal at the Battle

of Zamaof Zama

Vid B ttl f Z



Video: Battle of Zama




50 years later, the Romans foughtthe Third Punic War. ¡

In 146 B.C., Roman soldiers sacked

Carthage. ¡

50 thousand men, women, and

children were sold into slavery.¡

The territory of Carthage became aRoman province called Africa.




³N o captain ever marched to and fro among so

many armies of troops superior to his own

numbers and material as fearlessly and skillfully

as he. N o man ever held his own so long or so ablyagainst such odds.´

~ T heodore Ayrault Dodge



Ruins of Car thage



Romes new

empire



Roman Soldiers!



Mr. Duez¶s Roman Soldier VideoMr. Duez¶s Roman Soldier Video




Hannibal famously crossed the Alps withelephants to be used in battle. Few of themsurvived the trip, but some did. What do you think

the reaction was of the Roman soldiers toelephants in battle?


The few elephants that survived terrified the

Romans, as one could imagine on beingfaced with a charging elephant. Who knowshow history would have been different if allof Hannibal¶s elephants had survived?

2010 Chapter 5 Roman Empire Part I

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