©2003 Mark S. Davis Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions Solution Stoichiometry.

©2003 Mark S. Davis

Chapter 4

Aqueous ReactionsSolution

Stoichiometry

© 2003 Mark S. Davis

Solution composition

•Solvent:–

•Solute:–


Electrolytes•Defined:

–

–NaCl(aq)


Nonelectrolyte

•Defined:–

–C12H22O11


Review

•Ionic solids– –


Ionic Compounds in Water

•Ions •Why do ionic compounds

dissolve?– –Stabilizes ions in solution


Molecular Compounds

•Do not •Some can react with water

to form ions–NH3


Strong Electrolytes

•Complete –


Weak Electrolytes

•Incomplete –HC2H3O2 H+ + C2H3O2

-


Precipitation Reactions

•Formation of

•Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI 2KNO3 + PbI2


Practice

•Which of the following are insoluble?–NaNO3

–Ca(OH)2

–AgCl


Metathesis Reactions

•Generally…•AX + BY AY + BX


Practice

•Write the reaction when solutions of Barium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed.

•Write the reaction when solutions of silver nitrate and magnesium iodide are mixed.


Types of Equations

•Molecular•Complete ionic•Net ionic

–Most important!!–Spectator ions deleted


Acid/Base Reactions

•Acids–

•Bases–


Strong Acids/Bases

•Complete Dissociation– –


Weak Acids/Bases

•Incomplete dissociation– –


Carbonic Acid

• H2CO3 – Special case…

• When you see H2CO3 in the

product of a metathesis rxn, write it as


You should know…•7 strong

acids–

• Strong bases– –


What Happens?

• When aqueous hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide are mixed?


Practice

•Write the balanced equation for the reaction between Calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid.


REDOX


MOLARITY

•Is a concentration expression

•Units are moles/liter


• What is the concentration in Molarity of a solution that has 0.446 moles of potassium chloride dissolved to make 2.500 liters of solution?


Example

•Show how to make 1.00 liters of a solution of NaCl that has a concentration of 2 M


Practice•What is the molarity of a solution in which 33.00 g of NaNO3 has been dissolved and diluted to 0.500 L?


Going Backwards

•How many moles of KCl have been dissolved to make 0.750 L of a solution that is 0.300 M?


Practice

•How many grams of solid Na2SO4 are needed to make 0.560 L of 0.300 M Na2SO4?


Dilution

•Adding deionized water to change the concentration of a solution

•Moles solute before = moles after


Dilution equation

•MinitialVinitial=MfinalVfinal


Example

•What is the concentration when 40.00 mL of 18.4 M H2SO4 is added to 500.0 mL of water?


Electrolytes

•Defined:

©2003 Mark S. Davis Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions Solution Stoichiometry.

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