20 18 16 Alizée Ricardou 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 - GEPOGgepog.org › sites › default › files ›...
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Alizée Ricardou 1 , Thomas Luglia 1 , Daniel Sabatier 2 , Nyls de Pracontal 1 1 Groupe d’Etude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane, 2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Abstract The orange cock-of-the-rock is an endemic species of the Guiana Shield. So far, studies mainly focused on the reproduction of this species in Suriname, Guiana and Brasil. Little is known about its ecology and behaviour in French Guiana. In this French overseas department the cock-of-the-rock is located in lower montane forests with economic challenges as tourism, forestry and mining. Since 2010, the European LIFE+ Cap DOM program studied 1) the home ranges of 9 individuals during breeding and non-breeding season via telemetry; 2) the females’ diet during breeding season; 3) the tourism impact on the males via comparison of the flush distances between disturbed and undisturbed leks. The first results show that: 1) the tracked birds used the montane forest within 3kms around the lek with home ranges varying from 54 to 410ha (during the telemetry period); 2) the diet was composed of 183 morphotaxa with predominant Myristicaceae, Hugoniaceae, Lauraceae, Annonaceae and Arecaceae; 3) the males’ flush distances of the disturbed lek were significantly lower than in the undisturbed lek, showing an adaptation to regular visitors. These results are essential to make recommendations for the professional guides (trainings, charter of good practice) and for the mining/forestry zonings in the department in order to contribute to the conservation of this patrimonial species. Introduction Acknowledgments Materials and Methods Results This study was conducted on the population of the mountain forest of Kaw (two leks sites and twenty-five nesting sites) between 2011 and 2012. 1. A Cock-of-the-rock male fitted with a radio transmitter logging tourism mining Project web page: www.lifecapdom.org Contact: Alizée Ricardou ([email protected]) and Nyls de Pracontal ([email protected] ) Home range determination : Analyses shown that : - using 150 points, home ranges' sizes are overestimated by 10%. - measured home ranges (95%) vary between 54 ha and 410 ha (kernel analysis), - males' home ranges are significatively larger than females' home ranges (Wilcoxon test, p-value = 0.01587). 3. Home ranges sizes estimated with 150 points, 350 points and all points for each individual 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Myristicaceae Hugoniaceae Lauraceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Myrtaceae Burseraceae Polygonaceae Meliaceae Sapindaceae Siparunaceae Chrysobalanace Flacourtiaceae Gnetaceae Boraginaceae Moraceae Clusiaceae Melastomatacea Putranjivaceae Araceae indet Sapotaceae cf_Monimiaceae Cucurbitaceae Icacinaceae Fabaceae Olacaceae Quiinaceae Myrsinaceae Humiriaceae Elaeocarpaceae Liliaceae Araliaceae Rosaceae Solanaceae Rubiaceae Vitaceae cf_Myrtaceae Nyctagynaceae Hippocrateaceae cf_Rubiaceae Verbenaceae Menispermaceae Smilacaceae 5. Percentage of seeds belonging to each plant family identified 6. Percentage of seeds consumed based on biological type of the plant species 7. Percentage of seeds consumed based on the stratum of the plant species 8. Males’ flush distances (m) on the undisturbed lek (“SNI”) and the disturbed lek (“SI”). Males’ flush distances Undisturbed lek > disturbed lek Bibliography Downs, J. A., Horner, M. W., & Tucker, A. D. (2011). Time-geographic density estimation for home range analysis. Annals of GIS, 17(3), 163–171. Erard, C., Théry, M., & Sabatier, D. (1989). Régime alimentaire de Rupicola rupicola (Cotingidae) en Guyane française : relations avec la frugivorie et la zoochorie. Revue Ecology (Terre Vie), 44, 47–74. Krijger, C., & Opdam, M. (1994). Two studies on birds in French Guianan rain forest. The bird community of the forest understory. Home-range and activity rhythm of the Guianan cock-of-the-rock. Wageningen Agricultural University. Department of Forestry Omena Júnior, R., & Lima dos Santos, J. L. (2010). Dieta de galos-da-serra Rupicola rupicola Linaeus 1766 durante o período reprodutivo ao Norte de Manaus, Amazonas. Ornithologia, 4(1), 66–73. The cock-of-the-rock is : - endemic of the Guiana Shield, - distributed discontinuously. Studies : - focused on male reproduction and some on the diet of the species. - none was intended to propose conservation measures. It is subject to many anthropogenic pressures such as forestry, mining and tourism. Objective of this study : improve the knowledge of the biology and ecology of Rupicola rupicola in order to make management recommendations and contribute to the conservation of this patrimonial species. Home range determination : - 5 males and 4 females fitted with transmitters (PIP3 Biotrack) and tracked during 11 consecutive days between 6:00AM and 6:00PM. - Kernels’s method was applied to analyze the data. Comparisons of home ranges were made between sexes (males versus females) and monitoring periods (breeding versus non-breeding season). Diet study : - 18 collectors installed under nests, - collect of seeds, once a month, - seeds identified by Mr. Daniel Sabatier, researcher at the IRD. Families, biological type and plant stratum of the most consumed plant species have been identified. Impact of visitors on males’s behavior : Comparison of males’s flush distances between a visited lek (150 people per week) and a lek located in a Natural Reserve. 183 morphotaxa (156 identified to family, 51 to species), Opportunistic bird : No strong dominance of one family, but some families are more abundant. Variability in seed composition depends on the date of the collection and therefore the plants phenology (similarity of all the regimes close in time). Cock-of-the-rock females consume : • fruits produced by trees (86%) • fruits located in sub-canopy and canopy Diet study : Impact of visitors on males’s behaviour : Home ranges = Rest area + Reproduction area + displacement area Radius of 3km used around the lek Impact of visitors : Behavioural difference adaptation of regular visitors 2. Faeces collectors 4. Cocks-of-the-rock’ home ranges distribution around a lek Species and habitat conservation Improved knowledge Home ranges sizes Diet and feeding strategy Behavioural response of males to visitors Recommandations for professional guides, Lek equipment Prioritization of areas for conservation of the Cock-of-the- rock and mining/forestry zonings Basis for Basis for Second in French Guiana (Erard et al. 1989). Protocol of study equivalent to the one done in Brazil (Onema Junior et al, 2010). • 14 nests • 183 morphotaxa (40 families) Brasil 2011 French Guiana 2012 4-5 families more abundant, Lauraceae and Arecaceae are part of dominante species, Dominance of fruit trees and fruit of the canopy or sub-canopy • 40 nests • 19 species (12 families) Diet study : Home range determination : Home ranges’s measured are 10-18 times greater than home ranges’s estimated in Krijger & Opdam, 1994. More accurately estimated home ranges Variation in home range sizes individual variation, monitoring season, food aviability • 2 individuals, • 15 and 48 points used, • monitoring during non-breeding season, • minimum convex polygon method overstimates home ranges • 9 individuals, • 150 points used, • monitoring during breeding and non-breeding season, • kernel method sometimes overestimates home ranges (Downs et al., 2011). Protocol French Guiana 1994 French Guiana 2012 © Johann Tascon © Maxime Déchelle © Guillaume Feuillet © Guillaume Feuillet © Guillaume Feuillet © Thierry Nogaro + 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Undergrowth Lower stratum Sub-canopy Canopy Percentage of seeds Plant stratum 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percentage of seeds Biological type Discussion Conclusion
Transcript of 20 18 16 Alizée Ricardou 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 - GEPOGgepog.org › sites › default › files ›...
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Alizée Ricardou 1, Thomas Luglia 1, Daniel Sabatier 2, Nyls de Pracontal 1
1 Groupe d’Etude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane, 2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Abstract
The orange cock-of-the-rock is an endemic species of the Guiana Shield. So far, studies mainly focused on the reproduction of this species in Suriname, Guiana and Brasil. Little is known about its ecology and behaviour in French Guiana. In
this French overseas department the cock-of-the-rock is located in lower montane forests with economic challenges as tourism, forestry and mining. Since 2010, the European LIFE+ Cap DOM program studied 1) the home ranges of 9
individuals during breeding and non-breeding season via telemetry; 2) the females’ diet during breeding season; 3) the tourism impact on the males via comparison of the flush distances between disturbed and undisturbed leks. The first
results show that: 1) the tracked birds used the montane forest within 3kms around the lek with home ranges varying from 54 to 410ha (during the telemetry period); 2) the diet was composed of 183 morphotaxa with predominant
Myristicaceae, Hugoniaceae, Lauraceae, Annonaceae and Arecaceae; 3) the males’ flush distances of the disturbed lek were significantly lower than in the undisturbed lek, showing an adaptation to regular visitors. These results are essential to
make recommendations for the professional guides (trainings, charter of good practice) and for the mining/forestry zonings in the department in order to contribute to the conservation of this patrimonial species.
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Materials and Methods
Results
This study was conducted on the population of the mountain forest of Kaw (two leks sites and twenty-five nesting sites)
between 2011 and 2012.
1. A Cock-of-the-rock male fitted with a radio transmitter
logging
tourism
mining
Project web page: www.lifecapdom.org
Contact: Alizée Ricardou ([email protected]) and Nyls de Pracontal ([email protected])
Home range determination :
Analyses shown that :
- using 150 points, home ranges'
sizes are overestimated by 10%.
- measured home ranges (95%)
vary between 54 ha and 410 ha (kernel
analysis),
- males' home ranges are
significatively larger than females'
home ranges (Wilcoxon test, p-value =
0.01587). 3. Home ranges sizes estimated with 150 points, 350 points and all points for
each individual
02468
101214161820
Myr
isti
cace
ae
Hu
gon
iace
ae
Lau
race
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An
no
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Are
cace
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Myr
tace
ae
Bu
rser
acea
e
Po
lygo
nac
eae
Mel
iace
ae
Sap
ind
acea
e
Sip
aru
nac
eae
Ch
ryso
bal
anac
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Flac
ou
rtia
ceae
Gn
etac
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Bo
ragi
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Mo
race
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Clu
siac
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Mel
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Pu
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Ara
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Mo
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Cu
curb
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Qu
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Myr
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Hu
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Elae
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Lilia
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5. Percentage of seeds belonging to each plant family identified
6. Percentage of seeds consumed based
on biological type of the plant species 7. Percentage of seeds consumed based
on the stratum of the plant species
8. Males’ flush distances (m)
on the undisturbed lek
(“SNI”) and the disturbed lek
(“SI”). Males’ flush distances
Undisturbed lek > disturbed lek
Bibliography Downs, J. A., Horner, M. W., & Tucker, A. D. (2011). Time-geographic density estimation for home range analysis. Annals of GIS, 17(3), 163–171. Erard, C., Théry, M., & Sabatier, D. (1989). Régime alimentaire de Rupicola rupicola (Cotingidae) en Guyane française : relations avec la frugivorie et la zoochorie. Revue Ecology (Terre Vie), 44, 47–74.
Krijger, C., & Opdam, M. (1994). Two studies on birds in French Guianan rain forest. The bird community of the forest understory. Home-range and activity rhythm of the Guianan cock-of-the-rock.
Wageningen Agricultural University. Department of Forestry
Omena Júnior, R., & Lima dos Santos, J. L. (2010). Dieta de galos-da-serra Rupicola rupicola Linaeus 1766 durante o período reprodutivo ao Norte de Manaus, Amazonas. Ornithologia, 4(1), 66–73.
The cock-of-the-rock is :
- endemic of the Guiana Shield,
- distributed discontinuously.
Studies :
- focused on male reproduction and some on the diet of the species.
- none was intended to propose conservation measures.
It is subject to many anthropogenic pressures such as forestry,
mining and tourism.
Objective of this study : improve the knowledge of the biology and ecology of
Rupicola rupicola in order to make management recommendations and contribute to
the conservation of this patrimonial species.
Home range determination :
- 5 males and 4 females fitted with transmitters (PIP3 Biotrack) and tracked
during 11 consecutive days between 6:00AM and 6:00PM.
- Kernels’s method was applied to analyze the data. Comparisons of home
ranges were made between sexes (males versus females) and monitoring periods
(breeding versus non-breeding season).
Diet study :
- 18 collectors installed under nests,
- collect of seeds, once a month,
- seeds identified by Mr. Daniel Sabatier,
researcher at the IRD. Families, biological type
and plant stratum of the most consumed plant
species have been identified.
Impact of visitors on males’s behavior : Comparison of males’s flush distances
between a visited lek (150 people per week) and a lek located in a Natural
Reserve.
183 morphotaxa (156 identified to family, 51 to species), Opportunistic bird :
No strong dominance of one family, but
some families are more abundant.
Variability in seed composition depends on
the date of the collection and therefore the
plants phenology (similarity of all the
regimes close in time).
Cock-of-the-rock females consume :
• fruits produced by trees (86%)
• fruits located in sub-canopy and
canopy
Diet study :
Impact of visitors on males’s behaviour :
Home ranges = Rest area + Reproduction area + displacement area
Radius of 3km
used around the
lek
Impact of visitors :
Behavioural
difference
adaptation of
regular visitors
2. Faeces collectors
4. Cocks-of-the-rock’ home ranges distribution around a lek
Species and habitat
conservation
Improved knowledge Home ranges
sizes
Diet and feeding
strategy
Behavioural response of males
to visitors
Recommandations for
professional guides,
Lek equipment
Prioritization of areas for
conservation of the Cock-of-the-
rock and mining/forestry zonings
Basis for Basis for
Second in French Guiana (Erard et al. 1989).
Protocol of study equivalent to the one done in Brazil (Onema Junior et al, 2010).
• 14 nests
• 183 morphotaxa (40
families)
Brasil 2011 French Guiana 2012
4-5 families more abundant,
Lauraceae and Arecaceae are part of dominante species,
Dominance of fruit trees and fruit of the canopy or sub-canopy
• 40 nests
• 19 species (12 families)
Diet study :
Home range determination :
Home ranges’s measured are 10-18 times greater than home ranges’s estimated in Krijger & Opdam, 1994.
More accurately estimated home ranges
Variation in home range sizes individual variation, monitoring season, food aviability
• 2 individuals,
• 15 and 48 points used,
• monitoring during non-breeding season,
• minimum convex polygon method overstimates home ranges
• 9 individuals,
• 150 points used,
• monitoring during breeding and non-breeding season,
• kernel method sometimes overestimates home ranges
(Downs et al., 2011).
Protocol French Guiana 1994 French Guiana 2012
© Johann Tascon
© Maxime Déchelle
© Guillaume Feuillet © Guillaume Feuillet © Guillaume Feuillet
© Thierry Nogaro
+
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Undergrowth Lower stratum Sub-canopy Canopy
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f se
ed
s
Plant stratum
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f se
ed
s Biological type
Discussion
Conclusion
mailto:[email protected]
