A) The rock's potential energy and kinetic energydecrease.

B) The rock's potential energy decreases and therock's kinetic energy increases.

C) The rock's potential energy increases and therock's kinetic energy decreases.

D) The rock's potential energy and kinetic energyincrease.

1. Which energy transformation occurs as a rock fallsfreely from the top of a vertical cliff?

A) deep residual soil observed on a hillsideB) sediment observed at the bottom of a cliffC) tilted rock layers observed on a mountainD) faulted rock layers observed on a plateau

2. The best evidence that erosion has taken place wouldbe provided by

A) running water B) moving iceC) prevailing wind D) mass movement

3. The diagram below shows the surface features of alandscape.

Based on the features shown, which erosional agenthad the greatest effect on tree growth and thestructures that humans have built on this landscape?

A) tidal changes B) glacial erosionC) mass movement D) lava flow

4. The block diagram below shows a displacement ofrock layers.

Which process describes the downward sliding of therock material?

A) running water B) windC) gravity D) ocean currents

5. Unsorted, angular, rough-surfaced cobbles andboulders are found at the base of a cliff. What mostlikely transported these cobbles and boulders?

A) river depositionB) glacial scouringC) mass movementD) chemical weathering

6. A landslide is an example of

7. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram which represents a profile of a mountainglacier in the northern United States.

A) evaporation of ice directly from the glacierB) snow blowing across the top of the glacierC) the force of gravity pulling on the glacierD) water flowing over the glacier

The downhill movement of mountain glaciers such asthe one shown in the diagram is primarily caused by

A) gravity B) moving iceC) prevailing winds D) stream discharge

8. The diagram below shows the sequence of eventsleading to the deposition of landslide debris.

What was the primary force that caused thislandslide?

9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a profile of astream. Points A through E are locations along thestream.

A) solar energy B) magnetic fieldsC) wind D) gravity

The primary force responsible for the flow of water inthis stream is

Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the block diagram and the cross section below. Theblock diagram shows the present position of Niagara Falls in relation to the Niagara Escarpment. Thecross section shows the general bedrock structure of present-day Niagara Falls.

A) upper rock units of early Silurian ageB) layering of the rock units of the face of the fallsC) sand grains within the Grimsby and Whirlpool sandstonesD) piles of rock fragments at the base of the falls

10. Which evidence in the cross section of Niagara Falls most clearly shows that erosion is occurringtoday?

A) Erosion removed the rock layers north of the escarpment.B) The rock layers north of the escarpment were folded upward.C) The Lockport dolomite was deposited south of the escarpment only.D) The unconformity provided a layer that was resistant to the erosion of the river.

11. There are no major faults in the vicinity of the Niagara Escarpment that would explain its formationby crustal movement. What is the most logical explanation of how the escarpment formed?

A) sediments flowing in a riverB) boulders carried by a glacierC) snow tumbling in an avalancheD) moisture evaporating from an ocean

12. For which movement of earth materials is gravity not the main force?

A) chemical weatheringB) wind actionC) mass movementD) rock abrasion

13. The diagrams below represent four differentexamples of one process that transports sediments.

Which process is shown in these diagrams?

A) rounded and sortedB) rounded and unsortedC) angular and sortedD) angular and unsorted

14. Pieces of bedrock material that are broken from acliff and deposited by a landslide at the base of thecliff are best described as

A) gravity B) windsC) running water D) sea waves

15. Which erosional force acts alone to produceavalanches and landslides?

A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same

16. Several tons of rock move from a mountaintop to avalley floor during a landslide. During the landslide,the potential energy of the rock