USH.1b.1b Describe the Settlement of

New England; include religious reasons, relations with Native Americans (e.g. King Philip’s War),the establishment of town meetings, religious tensions that led to the founding if Rhode Island, the

half-way covenant,Salem Witch Trials,

and the loss of the Massachusetts charter and the transition to a royal colony.

New England

• Many of the New England settlers were Puritans escaping from religious persecution in England.

• The region's northern location and poor farmland meant that its winters were

cold and difficult.

Pilgrims• The first Pilgrims came to the New World

seeking a place to worship freely.

• That freedom did not extend to others who might disagree.

• So when two preachers and their followers disagreed, one would move on

to another town.

• Settlements spread throughout the region as people looked for places to worship according to their own beliefs.

Persecution of non-Puritans• The Puritans wanted freedom to worship

as they pleased but required those who settled in their colony to follow Puritan theology.

• The result of the persecution of non-Puritans was the establishment of other colonies.

• Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and New Hampshire were settled as havens of religious freedom from the Puritans.

1636 1636 Roger Williams fled to RI and Roger Williams fled to RI and founded the colonyfounded the colony

Rhode Island was founded by religious Rhode Island was founded by religious dissenters from Massachusetts who dissenters from Massachusetts who were more tolerant of different religious were more tolerant of different religious beliefs.beliefs.

Rhode IslandRhode Island

New England New England GovernmenGovernment

• Mayflower Compact was the first attempt at self government

• Established an elected legislature

• Town meetings were where tax paying citizens met to discuss and vote on issues

• True Puritan power rested in the church leaders.

Religious tensionsReligious tensions• Half-way Covenant- partial church

membership for the children and grandchildren of original Puritans, regardless of conversion experience.

• developed in response to the declining church membership.

• It was hoped that this partial church membership would encourage second and third generation children to become full members and thus be included full life of the church, including voting privileges.

1690s Salem Witch Trials

• . In a series of court hearings, over 150 Massachusetts colonists accused of witchcraft were tried,

• 29 of whom were convicted,

• and 19 hanged.

• At least six more people died in prison.

Salem

• Claiming that they were possessed by the devil, several girls accused the towns people in Salem of being witches.

• The accused were tried and condemned to death.-1692

Salem• The Puritans had created a

theocracy in which the church could rule in civil matters, even sentencing someone to death for violations of church beliefs.

• The magistrates used several methods, none of which would stand up in a court of law today, to determine the guilt or innocence of someone who was accused of witchcraft.

New England Colonies, 1650

New England Colonies, 1650

Only hope for Native Only hope for Native Americans to resist Americans to resist white settlers was to white settlers was to UNITE.UNITE.

MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]white settlers]

Massasoit’s son united Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged Indians and staged coordinated attacks coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New on white settlements throughout New England.England.

Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

The war ended in failure for the The war ended in failure for the IndiansIndians

Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England again!!again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

Massachusetts Bay

• Massachusetts Bay began as a proprietary colony controlled by the Massachusetts Bay Company.

• The colony had disagreements with England, however, mainly due to the Puritan clergy refusing rights to other religious groups such as Anglicans, Quakers, and Catholics.

• In 1691, Massachusetts was chartered as a royal colony—a colony whose governor is appointed by the monarch.