19| Oxidative Phosphorylation and...
Transcript of 19| Oxidative Phosphorylation and...
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19| Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation
© 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company
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Photosynthesis and Membranes
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Flow of Protons: Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Bacteria
• According to endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from entrapped bacteria
• Bacterial cytosol became mitochondrial matrix and chloroplast stroma
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Chapter 19: Summary
• The reduced cofactors pass electrons into the electron-transport chain in mitochondria
• The energy of sunlight creates charge separation in the photosynthetic reaction complex
• Stepwise electron transport is accompanied by the directional transport of protons across the membrane against their concentration gradient
• The energy in the electrochemical proton gradient drives synthesis of ATP by coupling the flow of protons via ATP synthase to conformational changes that favor formation of ATP in the active site
In this chapter, we learned:
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Photosynthesis and Membranes The proteins that participate in the light
reactions of photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and in the cell membrane of bacteria.
Photosynthesis transforms light energy into electrochemical energy
Light reactions result in:1. The formation of reducing power2. The generation of a transmembrane proton
gradient for the synthesis of ATP, and3. The production of O2
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The light reactions of photosynthesis
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The structure of a chloroplast
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The structure of a chloroplast
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Light-induced charge separation
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Photosynthetic pigmentsBacteriochlorophyll Ubiquinone
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Carotenoids
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Energy transfer from accessory pigments to the reaction centers
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Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center
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Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center
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Pigments are bound to transmembrane helices of L and M subunits
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Light-harvesting complex LH2
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Light-harvesting complex LH2
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Light-harvesting complex LH2
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Light-harvesting complex LH1
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Relative arrangement of chlorophylls in the membrane with respect to LH1,
LH2 and the reaction center
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Energy transfer from accessory pigments to the reaction centers
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Energy transfer from accessory pigments to the reaction centers
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Structure of Photosystem II
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Photosynthesis and Membranes The proteins that participate in the light
reactions of photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and in the cell membrane of bacteria.
Photosynthesis transforms light energy into electrochemical energy
Light reactions result in:1. The formation of reducing power2. The generation of a transmembrane proton
gradient for the synthesis of ATP, and3. The production of O2
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The light reactions of photosynthesis
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CHAPTER 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and
Photophosphorylation
– Electron-transport chain in mitochondria– Capture of light energy in photosynthesis– Building up the proton-motive force– Synthesis of ATP in mitochondria and
chloroplasts
Key topics: