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f cannab s he wak E fu h v ew f hl e see F ed ( 9 )

Pe s s e Effec s W k n G

The cc ence f pe s s n (l - as ) ha s n E w h sf m ju na uld ca se c n ern e en f he s f c nce f b a n

f nc n w s nkn w H eve m ves a hquest n f wh h h ch es cu h r e bly a se c c a l

ss es f ubj c sele n f ne selec s nly ch n m j uanase s wh e n heal h n may el m a em cally

t se w h e en ad e se y affe ted by use f the d an wm h h ve sh n G ch e On he he h d f ne n l des

h s e m ju a se s w s ffe f va s lln sses hav a l s u b n es ne m h f d n r al e f he EEG hes l f he c n s he h n f he ma j a

n - e use f j na e he n he s d ses si y us d h s n y he he d ses f h h h a d a

use by ce a n stud e p la ns b ad has b en h n p e cha e he E a n mal es we e f d n he G

f 0 he l hy s den h h d ked juana ula ly f 1 ea( n e a l 9 0) An h ud c pa ed l cal E ec ds f46 h h sh s nd 40 ma hed c n ls n G e ce(F nk 19 6)Each e d was eval d n epe en ly b q al ed ne l se ec n eph l ph d ffe ence w e b e ve he

n den f bn r al e ds n he se s c n ls a es lc ns e h he abs nce s gn f n d e es en h

ps n v s es s f eu l cal func nEss n ally the s e n t e sults we e bta ned n s ud es

f a use s n J ( b n C 19 ) d ma j u nuse s n C s c (Ka e l 1 9 6) In h se e s u e ss bjec s e e refu y selected t n u e n h se n g he l hwh e fu c n n qu e y n he un y s men ned a ve

h met sel n ns the sk el n subje s h seh hav e ve sely af ec ed y ju nd h h

have s h h me h l al d cul nn e n e n ny ll s le n es n ju n se s

c f ec s n e - e a ed n ls

ne c n e l y c ute e e e m the EG ce a nn n h s n e able by v sua ns c n I h sw y he elec l even th ll w s mulus b s d ed n

bj s e es s eep ca u e a n ksThese c u e - ve ed en als p v de clues he se u n alp ess n n at n y h b n

A h u h he l e u e s ns s en l ha cann b sc n e e fec s n even - lat d e als ( ) ( e n ea , 9 9 ) ec n l u e e e en e e han ec s

Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

uana and Healthwww.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18942
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n l en y he e en e la ed e Se e al ud e hin nsis n e ul h e a ea hese n ns s en ie e ul

i f en es n sk se , u i n a n s a n u , Pin e nse sens y s i ul a e un c e n ease

nn b s he ub ec i s si , bu e e e se n l u e ihe ub e is pe f i a ask On ud u he f s n i

, a n n f h u i y uce a se f 80-2 0 r y, bu n a a se 0- 0 ri a (

3 ys) inis i n ( e ni al . e 2 k hh i he e , h s f ec as b e nl f he d i ul

a ks s s u y ns a es e en es in i u n ffe s nEP a i s , u i n f a n s a i n an a k

l i y.

u E ec s n Sle p E

u f en p u e k ef ec s n he n leep, u

i li le n h e n he ak E . is is h aswi h ju na n - - .In el ly h h e ( 0-2 0 / y) , - - n iju n

x c p u k s n l p E (Fe n e l. , 56 . On in ial in n he i s n n sl ep*

(s u a i n) s u l b seline le ls (pl ) by8 pe n n he nu eye em n s by en S ele n ( n a ba eline le els) s p n n he

e ( 2 6 ys) f u ad n s i n w hd l,u n nc s e basel ne by cen n ap e

m e n s e in eas 6 cen W le he fec s aui l e, hei lini al s i e s unkn n n

p n d b h unusu l beh r l h n es s h l n i ns rs n n, al h u h he e wa v d nce w h awal-i b l , i c s d l xes , an ild a n W h u h

lle ses - - i h ll edu n n R sle(Pi ik al , 2 F n n han ha n (B a al , sk e l , 3 P n k e l , .

Pe s en E ec s i Sleep E

W a e n awa e any nves n sl ep n bs nen l n - e mi j se s H e , 32 ale h n c ma ju n e s ma he

n ls s e n s ic (K n l , 6 . heus s h b all s k 2 . 5 3 c a e s pe y( an . 2

nd h se h d u f 0 2 ye s hey c n n he usualn ak he d ( a an c i a n a n a 00

* s a e n sl ep n wh ch p M e en ecn i e in us ally cu s

C o p y r i g h t N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

i j u a n a a n d H e a l t h: / / w w w . n a p . e d u / c a t a l o g . p h p ? r e c o r d _ i d = 1 8 9 4 2

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of ri u n ) ubjec s l d for is s u noc l n urol ic n l or v lu ion .Sl p w cor fo co u i nig io o ac

g s r c i h u r e c i d h i j u n n ke uri viou 2 u .T i in w no ir y ni e

n olle by e i c u h oal w o rvs ep n un e n tu li ic i o ub eo bi n to u m r u n u i 2 3 r io o p

rec i ( fu i f t x nsiv u y c nt l . 6 .

ll of v bl s rive f vi u s e s gcl i c ti n r i . n y i ic lly ig i ic ndi f e t n i u n u er a ir tc n s

n on of the l e l y u n i R r n ge o lsl a i l . i f r n s w r ui

ll n y ve n u t ub rie ci rlywi w l i i r l w ec . i s i lik y

pl n ion fo t se fin i a or i s u i d devi us y ( F in r . 1 5 6

T s Ri s u y on l de r w a ack v nc ajo di t rb n s o s p r s in u sub e s u d ni u (K e al 1 6 T us lo j u a u e h sn

be n t c us rk a o si bn sl p a b ns r in s u w h a es .

Elec physi l ic l S u ies n n als

Sle S ud s

e f i s f s v l ni l u s c r i ou nv st a ff ct of i u n o ff r n o in h nb S s ff r nc r t u o r n ible fo o t v i on foun r i s i r e 5 n

0 kg 9 ini e u ly o r t u res Rr uc s v sl in w k uln ( n

v 9 3 Ch nic ini r i n c u ini i l u ionw ic e n o b s li t s in t

ba lin ev ls for fu r 6 y n contr s t s ies t re w s n w r w l i n s n e b nd r in 0 y wi r w l r S i i r r u s were ob i ia rt s u y t e lo intr venous o f 9 (0 5

a 0 kg bbits ( u a i h 3r b u l ive ff en es in l G r s n o- - hav o de ec i i a s w en c ar w

n s u es n 2 kg -9 ad i s ere o s ui rnkeys n a si le oral ose da for 60 d ys o g i ntf fec on s e ra o ur r s a ecre s n

st s 3 w s o ( s n B r 5 .



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G S di i S ic S c

i i i ib i , t i o i ea d i ch iq f h d f b i c oph i i

i . A i p ri r i o hi h d e reo d d i i i h i i wi h h b c .

h i i i d i d haa o i d i h di . I e e , G o d in

e ho - ad i i io f i i i a r f co d i i . ow v , aft

hr i ad i i i of hi h d f 9 C b or a cordih v v d i or i r i o im , adi

i h t A ho h h fi din h v o b er ic d, h f ic a c c , a h i e h

i i i ha h o i hi h d e f i a o - i f s br i h i .

A i v o i i i of a of 9 C d0 . 0 5 1 2 . 8 / ) h o a i c a i

G hr wa o rv d nd hi h d a e , he cifi cha i h i bi f on a co tha i ia i r i z a . , 972 . I thi t d h

i r a i hi h-v c ivi d dr a i hi . I co d d , o i of hr he ywi h a e ma i c t i i25 p t 9 C

d d se- d h , i d i wav i hhip , da , p S i i a . 74 ) .To a c o h h vi r a d h c r d wi h d i

r , whi h w p d r51 da . B h vio a wi wf c w d b t ha e i wi hdr w w i i

a th wa vi c G ch e i i d the iod

- C i e io .di h i o d c i eep b ai ia chr ic ad i i r io of hi h d f i a a fo d ch ei EG f o ep b i i s h w r t ob r d i s ace aa wi h aw F r . , 976 ath, 76 ath t a .1 9 7 9) St i of wi h c i a d i the a e ior

or , a hi , d e c ha i t ic r ti1 f r 20 / or 6 o hs F hr . 9 76

i d d hip eco di wi h i ifor i i , ic to d coho - a d i .

Th co d w i d o o thi i d h a h 976 h . ,1 9 79 ) T h d c

im a d i i in b a co .Fo ado i a h e ti e a ,5 d p w e fo 6 hwo h wi h i w ive0 . 6 / 9 C ch

d , 5 w 6 o h i o he w e d co o iv d a do o i a . I h e hi h- o

s i d o i e i 9 C ch e i Eo d d d i c di f b i i e th ch e

co i ed 7 hs ft c a io f i a e. Gb or i i w r i ec di he b ai a .



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n i i i di i ir f r f i . F r , e v n n

r i i n wo r . N v r , ei i vid on vid i

i v i f of c r ni ig d o i an , remen i n r wi ng ging f d i ion di in n

f r o r i e findi g .

IL S

of e f o a i na n br in i c ivi ,q ion v en i ed i i i n wi i .q e i n i d in e i er . Fir ri

r i z S i n r riv iv r vei z r T f i q e i n wi i r . ond i

revi in a er 7, w i i on r d wi n iera i f annabi

T r ar ane o a r r i i er ggsei r i d b ij an in s n wi n

i i r r . A ig ro , i d q n r ofi wi d en e i t a n d n .

e r im ani di r on i ing n variFe ne . , 97 979 m rger , 0 . T ere r irc an in w i annabi ad i i r io d no a r c ain

of s i re c a e osen i iv iz r in aM r . 974 o r in w i i s m iz r

are ind A ing rabbi a r n d o -9- d ini -ion wi i e w r o s a i a c ono a bi wi

imi ar re n Con roe n Fi 1 8 ) . I wi o on i eb in r in c ni o i re i c ion ndar o i r n a rn i i n a nima .

v r a ri d r r in er 7 of anii era r an e a f die gge r

inen f of ari n d riva iv i ann bin canna idio , i o rea r r an in r a i r ibi i K r r an T r anis 98 r view .

IS

n e ge of e eff of m ri an n in emi r a c

arge r die in an . nn bi n o id ri a iv v en o s c mi f c in e b ina d n rat d ff n n ro n i r nd on n ei

ci . T e vi ence i revie d ow.

ran i er

T br i i c d of man i f r a ion- r i e r ofn rve ce s . Wi in e f e ne r ran r f infor -



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ion fr ne ner e ce an e i e d n n ica sa e neur ra i r . T e subs a ces a e u b ner e

c s re ease en e ce s a s u ed and ac o a e eexc ab i y nei in e e e s eur a i er a aes en ia o in e ansm s n a e s f in r ion , an d

is no rp is a man s a e a i r bei r ac ns n neur an e s . e n e s an i o ef fec

of a ana n e brain m s inc u e k o e e f i s ef f s nne r an i e sys s

Se era d ffe en ass s f c m a s a as eur r n ers.e f rs c e i a ns ra e a e is f n ion as

ace y c in , an i i s n es ab s e a ace c i e is eneu rans er f se ra ner e ce ne rks in e brainn r f s u es n an s a e ex ine e eff f r uana onbra ace y o ine e o, 198 , f a b ief re e f e

x ensi i e a ure T e s c ea c effec s a e been nace y c ne u no e a mea u e o e e e o ac i i y ne

in e em ca . S ses of - ca e a reduc n

in ace y ine urn e in e i us in e a . , 1978rue a e . , 1978r no, 19 1) an s resu s fr dac i y f e ace y c o ne eurons . I is no e r a eef s p ced b a ses and n b nnabinoids

ini ra i n ys i m e, a d u t a en a es a e o i eac on b par a y b k i s b eak ve ea an

un eers 2 ur af er i es i of 0 40 f - -ce d en a emen e e a and s n ence c rri la n

e c ur e e - n xica i n ee n e a ,1 75) . e f s s d an e s an and ni a E sef

a . , 1 73r e a . , 1973r e and i r 974J ee n e a .75) , a e ed o e nc us n a - a s in b

acene e e ce ne rks . T e ex na e of is ac ois n k , bu a re a ed e e de ci s p ce d

ino, 19 ) .T ere a e en s ud s of annab oi s on s er e

ne an e s in b n, n din ca ec nes s r o i anda am nob i a id Banerj ee a . 975r B s e a ., 97 5 ) .o s e e s a e en e e , e e e a e r ed b

a r s or a e so men ar a e a ons arun e r . The ef s o annab n ids n euro n ers a ebeen s u a e er an a e y ne, ren s k . In

ar cu a , e e s e en e an si n on e xicffec f annabin n an o e ne e ks a u

id n f ed ne ans rs

P o ns E z e , i ds

er e s d s a e ex ed e e e s o j n ne e i a ab ess o e an ne o a s e s L ra nd

senkran z, 1974r Lu ra e a . , 1975, 197 ) e ona n s ra on o ra s e e o 6- - C a j a s k or


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r fr to 1 0 a s , s inv t i ato s x n d bra nd, ot n, a ri n c ic acid R cont nt . t r i

d s s of -9 C ( p to 500 / /da , d r as bra nr n and s no no d a wa no n i d cont nt .v r , w a r dos s , r adm n strat on o r j ana , no

cons t nt or ma k c a s w r n t . ni f canc of t sff ct u . h t r ad t nal ff cts m t bs rvt r p st cat a s n t m s d r ct o rstr ct d anal t ical pr bl can t an at pr nt .

S

r no s a v v d nc t a rijuana c s rp cc ng s n bra n . C r rap t d s on rs of

r j ana r al no r ss c a s n bra n r ct . E ctronm c rap c s d s of n brai ndicat n rp c c a sar m t ol ca l f a d a d can t s a v d o an

c of ma j a a on brain c l rp . C r f cts n bra nl ca ac i t in an i s and n an l av n f ndf dr g . T s ct a o n d nstrat or t n n a r dr b n d con n .

S di of fr d p b ain str ct r s i c ronic l tran s av c a s a t r t wit raw of t r .

m nd n to c nfi m b fu r di . S inn and an c t a , d p t n p iol c

f ct d n trat n E st d s, ar j ana d s not a ar t onc a p t c s z r s sc ptib l . C rr nt v d nc

s ma j ana ca c m cal c a in bra n . Cann b no df ct s ral n tran itt r st ms, s a ly t c n c

m. g d s ma j a a al a to a fn c p ot n s t s is . T sig f ca f t fi fbra n fu t n a d nstra b an av or or t r c n calr l v nc s nkn n

TIO S R S

I n v w of d s ad s of cann b , d rt oar t f rt a r s tic t d f t t ofan a n bra n tr c , c m t , n c op io . S

d s s d c o co r t av or , . g . , arn ,

s c tor c r na n ( C a t 6) . On l a roac m gb nv s a t f t of m a os s o cannab s(d f n t o t a r s o an c ns t on on j v n ad t n r f r o x s . n ln s ld nc d d cau i at r n r u st m b

mo s n t v o armf dr g eff c t s of g r an c c c n c juana b n s ow n

q ar n f (s C a r2 . Ob r a on d d r ng l ng- m b t n nc f r v ong- rm s r t

Copyright Nat ional Academy of Sciences . Al l r ights reserved.

juana and Heal th/ /www.nap.edu/cata log.php?record_id=18942

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t m n wh th n p r s st nt n rm l ti s h b n p uc ds s m t c pr ch to th u st ons s ng m rn m th s

su m nt and n lys s could xt nd ou p s nt kn wl dgb tanti ll

RE ES

s P M. n Ba r tt E S ff t o ch onc r na n str t on n st g m t pw k u n ss. BP ch tr 0 :3 5- 22 75

Ban , S .P , Sn S . . M choul R. Cann b noids:n lu nc n otr n mitt r pt k n t b n syn pt &

J Pha a E T r 4:74-8 75.r tt S , B a ,w an W t R Th t o r ana nh n l p p t rns B l Ps chi t :47-54 174.

Br s P , J ckson, D. M an Ch t G. B f t f- -t ah ann bin n rain in c n n t on a

tu n in w l rat b in n v i s gi ns f h b n.J Ph . Pha m c 27 : 7 -7 5 75

B l l J . C r b l t oph n n cann bi s s k s . n t 2: 4 07

Ca ll , M G , E ans, M T on J. L G W l M J .C ebral at o p hy in y ung c ann bis ke r . L c e t 2 :12 9 - 1 2 2 5 ,1 7

C B T w n D. N. , G , M. , al . s nc f c batroph in ch on c c nn b s s r 2 7 22 2 0 , 77

Cons P n Fish B. S . B h v pha mac ft t h annab l conv lsi ns n abbi s CPs ch ha c l C Pha col . 4 2 7-2 1 81

n , E F n n . nd t T E f c f- -t t ahydr ann b nol n g n b n c tylch l n pp.

673- 678 n J n n, D J ( e ) C ol c ch ni aP ch ha c N w Y rk : Pl n m P ss 78

D i F Cann bin i s nd th ch lin c s . J Cl nPha c l 2l (S ) : 24 S-255S

D w W G an M l L L Canna s : N a chan anha -- th t cal r w Pha c Y 1 : 2-3 , 1 74.

E l -Y s f M Ja k D S . Dav J M ,a R nblatt J E.n ct n s r ss n by h sos i in n i nant xic i i id als . Br J. d ct 6 : 32 -325 1 73

F h K Kalan . lanc E a d Kn G P man nt

l a n ng i nt ft ch onic h x r t c nnabi han n th r t p 5 505 n aha G G ( )Ma huana: Ch st B h m st C ll la f cts wY k : Sp ing ag 76 .

F n D M. Wagn , R McN a a, M C . a W iss , G c t ah nnabin l hi al k d aft r scha g & n

ca s . N l 4 357-365, 1 73F n y D M h an n i s :P a x cal n ic nv lsant and

c nv an c s p 6 4 - 657 n Na as, G G . nd Paton



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.D. M. d . ih :Bio i t . si ,M t i m e , uc io a B i . fo :

g e , 1979F i I J e . W e , J .M. a . E of hi h o a e

a-9 t ahy a abi o t i a . i .ha aco . Th . 7 : 45 -466 75 .

Fei g I . , J s . Wa , J .M. t a . Ef f a aahy a abi on ec ce h a hi e atte .

i . ha co . e . 9:782-794 1 76Fin , M. Eff c of cu d ch onic nh i n of ha hish,

i ua d t - - hy a abi b i t ica ivi i m : vi ce f iss o . N.Y. Ac .

ci . 282: 87- 98 76.F e F . . The ef of a-9- hyd a abi o o .

s c h co i 5: 9 44, 974.F ee F . . se b a t, J. E . a Y u f M.K . I ac io o

hy os i in an e -9- et ah annab n . .ha co . T e . 7 : 2 26 1975 .

F i d , .A. B ha io a a c o ce h a h c o a of ech o ic of ij ua a--A view. B h v. Bio . 2 : 16 - 96 ,77.

F j i M. a d ich . . -9- t ahy a n bin hee fu s cyc e i abbits. h io . Behav. 1 :29 -2 57 .

J.W. a h . G. , a d Mye W. A. f of ca nabis t va a uc u e of th y a s in key b i .N eu o i. es. :87 9 77.

Hea h .G . h a a a -9 tet ahy a ab : u e ah o eff c o b ai fu c i o eys . 345- 56 . I

B au M. . a S ( s . h co of ihua a .

Ne Yo : ven e , 976.H h .G . Fi e , A.T. Ga y .E . a s W.A . h ici ua a i : I eff c o func io n c u e of th

b ain p 7 -7 0 . I Na as G. G. a a W.D .M.(e s . ihua a : Bio ic E f ct . sis, t iCe u a es s s, e uctio a B i . fo d : e g

ess 7 .ath .G . Fit a e A. . Fontana .J . a Ga , .E .

a abis sa iva: Eff t o b i fu ctio a u a t ct e iRhesu ey . Biol . s chi 5:657 6 0, 1 80.i . I . J e . T. a d t D . J . ha i h a

ev t te ia ith o o

e a- - e ahy a abi us . E ct ce .i . Neu o h sio . 47:556-570 197 .sko M. J. K h M. S . Wa . I . . E o o

a i i te d e -9- et ahy a abio i ma . i .ha o . e . 4: 44 352 97 .

Jo e . . a d S o e G. . s cho ica udies of ma ij a a aa co i . cho h c l i 8: 08- 7 1970.

K can, I . F a d z-Sa A. i s, W .J .e a . S eee nce ha a hic-e ct u a hic cha acte s ics f


j u a n a a n d H e a l t h/ / w w w. n a p . e d u / c a t a l o g . p h p ? r e c o r d _ i d = 1 8 9 4 2

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9 2

chronic ri ana ers ar I . n N.Y. d . Sc .2 34 374 1976.

K ar r R . rkani S . A. nnabi s as entialantiepile tic . J . Cl n. har co . 2l (S p . ) 4375-4485 1981 .

K ehn , J . M n lson J . . , Davis K .R . n Ne . F. J.

raphic inati n f h r na ker . J237 12 -1232 1977.Le r r L. o ntia ther e ic usef ln ss of mar n . n.

. har col. col . 20 151-172 19 0 .L M. D . Klon ff H . a Mar s A. Th neuroph io ical basis

of t ri an e rienc . Can . . Ass . J. 108 57 16 4 ,73 .

L thr Y.K . n se kr nt H . Cannabinoi s Neur he caasp s af er ra chronic inist ra io to ra s . icol .A . har co . 27 15 -16 1 74 .

L hra Y. K. nkr n z H . He an I . A. and Br dM cD fferen ia n r hemis r a ra pa tern in ra r a ed

ra y ith etrah dr annabin f r ri s u o snt s. co . . har ac l. 3 41 431 75 .

hra Y.K . enkran z H. n Bra M.C . C r br l andcer r n r h c l chan e n h vior manifest tion nrats chronica e se o mari na s e . ico . l.

har acol. 35 455 465 976.rt in z J . . S a nic i . . n Schae i U. N. l 9

e rah r annabino ff ts on havior of susn e s. Life Sci . 11 643 65 1972 .

M l r B. . F r i llo, R. G. , i E .A . t . l ta 9tetr h dr ann bi and e i eps n he pho o nsi ive ba n ,P o p i o . E i l e ps 15 :255-2 64 , 1974 .

r on J. . n Davis W.M. ec r nce a phic stud f th

effec of tr h r nn binol& on s ep n he r .N ro h rm co Y 12 897 07 973.M s W. A. n He th R.G . Cannabis s tiv U rastr c l

chan s in org n es of ne ons in br in s p r gion omonke s. J. Neurosci. Res. 4 7 1 79.

ivik R . T. Z rc ne . men w c nd Ho list L. Elta 9 tetr h r nnabin nd s nhe ff s on n s e p

patt ns . C in . h rmacol. Th r . 13 426 435 1972.r nikoff K . K can I . L son E . A. , t . ff ts of

ij na king on th s e p : r liminar st ies.J . Fla . M . Ass . 60 2 3 973 .

vu ta A. . roni , F. C n D . L. Costa . Eff o

annabin ids on the turn v rate of ce lc line n rhi s , st iat nd cort . Arch. h r ac . 304 07 1 07 .

R in . A. ino E. F. an rz k , J . P. The a ih n i cs ia l hi h . Neuro i an el tr n epha raphicconc i ant . 13 1300 1302 1 70 .

bi . nd C itas L. G nj in J a ic A M icthr ic S of C ronic i u n Use . e Ha e

on n Co , 7 5


i j u a n a a n d H e a l t h: / / w w w . n a p .e d u / c a t a l o g . p h p ? r e c o r d _ i d= 1 8 9 4 2

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R baugh , C L , Fa , Wil son , . . et al Cerebral CTfi i s in drug abuse Clinical and ex ri ntal observationsJ C ut Assisted raphy , 98 .

Si , J C nd re, R Y he lateral h thal ic ar a Anultrastructural na ysi s C ll iss Res l 96, .

Stadnicki , Scha ppi , s nkrantz, and Braude , M CCrud ar ihu na extr ct : a haviora ff cts of chronicor l dministration in rhesus nkeys Ps ha mcol ia

: , 9.Volavk , J , rnb sh, R , Fe dst in , t a ri j n ,

hav or n N Y d. Sci . : 6 , 9 .W ikl r , A L d, B . Effect of ki m rij uana cigarett s on

cort ical el ctr ic l cti vity . F d Pr : , .



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EFF TS OF IJU A O

ER IO ICA S ST S

This h ter covers t ttle s o t t e effe s ofis on m le n fem le e r uct ion n n r i e s em , i rt

efe t n ter t en effe ts, genetics, t e i u stem, n

y tem tu e

E R ROD C IV F TION

A v r i y of stu ie s in ic te h t m j u n n s e of t ser iv t ve h ve revers le , s r s sive ef e ts esticu

nct n in n m ls n m n hes ve en me s r n te osh e gh s o he o t e g , sem n ves ic es , o

te te s , c e se level o e tostero e ( e m e ho e ) nl s o su re s on of s rm ene is fo lo ch on c o

ut n tion o c n i o - - C . ro r te o e von h ve t th the effects of nn no on he m

e r uc v tr t on es ic l function c lete yve s n h e r rug h r .

he is no gene gre men to th c se o m gn oe e e . h m jo re so for th s c o gr em nt e e

to m o i fe ences n t y ign , nclu ng s c ie tu (m n ,mon ey , o r n ) , o te o g n t t on , n u o t e

ug us

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s ee or m nim o 6 mo th hout t e us o fother gs ( o n e , ) Pl t o te o e v ls nu e i ive to n ne m i j u n c ig rette e eig f c y o n on ro s o eve , o 2 h l v o t o

t no m e , e . , lo 0 ng/ l) o t h m nng re h n m rij n cig re tes e h t to teron

ve s o g/ The se e ult sugg st h t he e so - e n n e t o m j u o te to e ron level Pl

lev ls o en z ng o ne (L) n o licle- t m i ho ne

94

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juana and Hea l th/ /www.nap .edu /ca ta log .php?record_ id=18942

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( , gon d t i t con l t g h f v i td t l c vi , w n al g ; o v , in

t iju n ig w , FS l v lw gn fi ntly l t n fo t w o d t j n

ig t w . nly nd f l t n o g n d t o c t , all b t ig f ic nc

ld v i ed . v l of l i , th f l nin v l ct tion nd l n n al qu nt i i e ,w ll n t l n al n dd i n, n w d

t n m j ig tt d ignifi n ly l o nt t n t w d h l q nti y 26 v 8

il i n/ . n v u l b in a j n v ty fu c , n t w n w y to d w t th y i g

d g t coul lo l t on .t in 7 , n th t dy l t

l v l not u ed n 27 t i d n h w d( nd l on t l . , 974 nd id l j nc g tt l y t e f l g v en . un x l d

o , t n t t te on l v l d l g t t n , /dl ( g n r l m n) fd ng t e i cont t t t nv e of 74 / l o e n t t y of K l ny l.men v . h no e of go d t o c v lu en

n ly n n l on St dy.A y of ien on t l c w d w NIDA

c g ( b t l , 9 ) t t 6 e ohig o ( c nt m j n ni t on (8 c g t / y)w t w t d l ne n count ing th f ft d

ix we n t of d ug x u w c by d c t l ty n n nc in bnor l fo f

. wee u t tu y f v l l bt n m nue nt v f u e ent f te on , d S . c n t o n lev l w not t ougho t t u y

( lt oug no v l e t . t n n t ft le to t l t v ou c g ett w no nt on ,

fo t e t ul no ve xclu t n ient l n nn l v l f c ig t o , c u o l

on f m t ene t lo e t n 4 e nd u u ll y o i t w n nc e n t of no al fo

nd dec n l ty, t t o co clud t t fn t e f ou tu ul e t w d t n by

e on of gon ot o . i t only t d tudy n nt me o t ou luc u t on gon dot o c l v l

ot u y ( g t l . , 76 v lu te l of 84 ma ju n w u e t e gent t t

w fo m n o y to t n l v l we u n 8 nd 8 nonu . e n l v l nd ng

v t lly d c l. n o g o o n ttu n o t R c w not ec u t t u of t dy

t t y on d l x gon ot o c l v l o n l t .



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End n un t on t b ly ntion n byo n ( 6 . bj w u on t b o m j u n

u d w tud n m t li T y n v ofv m i un y w w l v o t

u v l n o 0 o . Du n ut m n tion l v l o l o t on d l n f to n /d ov

u ft w o l m to t on l v l l n 0 o 0 ng Pl m l v l tov l l n t o o v no bsol t v lu v n. In t on n n d iv n fo ny of t

m n n d n t T o i bl ov t t ni i n of t d f n .

In l ion 7 h n ud.El t on m o o t o h d of h

no l ty n t n ( I do id 19 7 ) . It idi ult t v l t t dy o qu nti ti t

n

l d

ll of t tud m nt n low ub t n lly d ff nt f om of n u h on x tion t t v g nt

(u u l y ) w min t n ton lly t do of. o 2 / g on l o g v n by o n (1976 to 6/ g/ y ul on d l g o n n . * lso

n b i l m n d ovm ny ou t n l do .

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t l . 9 . ul t P 4 0 ( n nz ) d t f ll 2 to 9 w of t tm n . T on n on ot nz lu v i ty of t t t l dwit L th . T f o v o i o n

t d d on m y n (Z m n t l. 19 9) .

* n n z ( 8 ) on d 0 . 6 . 0 / g y nh l t on n1 8 9 . 0/ g o lly o l g do n n b n h y

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M gi n v ly n ton l nj t on ob d ol o nn b nol o o i o x t

L (t o n y t llO n o t n m l )y y t l t nt n m l ill n

m v l y nn n l t on mi o ont oln m l d . n bno m l o m .m l t t v

do o t v o d v t v to nt b mo m

Only w tud h v x f of n b on ( Hu t 9 ) . j u n w n t d o

t n m n . t 0 d y o x u m n l t m ount n n l n ly d

nn b d y 7 y v only t m u n g ou m nt low m ou t In t m j u n t t

ou t w n n nu o bno l o m t l lywit n n n d i t on o m nd t l In td u on o t t u o t l v Hl v oll u n x u but did t t d T y

on lu t t m j u n t t on t t . ty o n v t o tud u t t g on (J u vi tl 7 7 ) .

M n t v v l o v n n to nt n ( n on t t m l ) (Pu oh t l.

1 80 ) v l on t n lud - n b n to t o nd n j u n l o n n t t o

t n (l l x o n ) nv n nt t dug t t t m y m t v n

to . T ob v on v n u d y oth ( vy Pu o t t l 980 T b l ty to nh b o m m t on

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u t obv o ly m ny ot .

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o nn b on m u on h n u nt m bb n n y n h u n y

ul t n b u o t m l ty n m n u ll n t lu n h n ng .

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nce o s , ex e, w s e equ in tj n s st d tte o est b e end e

a f e nd e st a s f e w sed ar j a aon on nd freq e b s s e - x w o sed t t

e t mes a ek f n s e c m a ed w 17 n w o e e ed bst n of cyc e d d o e

b e es te not e f e c t i sd ff c y n tw s and n e e t e s n d ffe nce n pe e s f LH and F H e t o d no e n ks

a a e o e a e o n s e di r r , c t o n s o o n ss of t on I t

o d e x e ted t o jo d n e a found inc d n ef ato es t t wo ou B c n an a

t on d o t n e s , e , e rs e t tat c c t d f r e t e a j n - s n o

o d b i t a si bfe i i y T ise e e s t st , on est T e o ti n t a

to te on s n j sin en a e e s

d f f to i re i m of c c si ni fic nce a e yt e b e t d d n t ep s f e, bno ir ess, oro e s eron e d de- f ec s co d to e o ,

m o ct n e s a we n ij se s i c n o sT e t ons of t i s obse t o for fer i i , c a ion, de o en f b s can er ar ot c e r

e b e ce of o t d es on se o ari j u na itf to d c ns on i icat ons of e ae Se of e ec s n e re di f re f m re

ex ns n e en n o ed obser o n r susk nd ot r o y s i s u ion ca a n ion

o t t ed for mo e r e e nd n an yne ice t a ons f n o use na

a S d

inis ion o r e ari ana e act o m ce e u eden r y n p e s n of an fu cti n an in r ou as ctsf es r n ac t , e ne eta , i , g yc e

conten , and e s f an s ac d kr a y e a , 197 5i et a , 1975) .

e dmin r t on f r e j ex r ct f r 30 ay t r sand m ce s es us cyc d ca sed a i fic nt reduc i

n e i of o a ie an n s e r r a i i e ,1 7 5) . In a r ton a d inis a o f - -

o ate s a so ee t o b k o on i a . 97 3) . T f e t of -9- s exer e su ress n

t e c cte t c r or s r o L O ern es i a rs a e r ed ess on o f a H an dro c n en -9- g e j ore o on ya e

. , 197 7) The s s nc as ound de re a a concentra ionf L n o ri zed s 1973 re , 197 , 19 0) a



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h ( t l , 1 7 t l (1979 ) l w di t b i l l t t t oit l ingl d

- C l h t it l g nd l tiini t i w l i g

i 9 C d nd h n y (S i l , 1979 .h l n i t di t f n i id l l h h th l t in t n i i g l i n l ti n i g f th nn i id w

th i ig y C d v l ( 980 N l ndh i lly ifi d n i id l l i in

i i t ti n - - C t n y d i g th folll l i l ng d i nn ( b l g o h n u l n oid l L

g , n t l l t i f v l i n ( h. , 8 .

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B C h nt it n i l nn g t t t d t n t d o i o. T tould n i o t w y ( } x u b o to

n i n uld h ll ( th ov nd ( 2 tt o l h d di t ly du ng o g n . I t ion

- 9 C n in b il f , n tn lly.

u S di

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f m j n b t i o id n t h y d t n u t n in nonu nd n w

n id nt o th d ug bt d l t nn u h n u y m b o l nd i n

i t w n ig t y ind x t ( inn n 9 0 i1 80 Hi t l . n d t on l ully d ign ,

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t di

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100

O u y r r d h u u us j c io f prh s a a s wi h vario d s f r ariju r ccaus d fo m o s f h i , s c r , for i , iv r ,

s w l s d of h h ad d s a io i d v m ry s( r a d c r , 19 ) I h s s , s i if ca r a

r h r da f f c l w . I w co c u had r ha 20 / h s d 250 / i r i sw r r c . C u o i r g h f d gs m s

cis ca h c ff s y c y ac f c u f h a a r c .

I s u y f mic , h ca ff s f -9- C valua fo do s f r 3 . 0 o / var u r uf admi s a io -- u ous, i as c

( J j , 19 76 ) . i f c f a r h i was i uc h h d s v ls d y r u s f dm i ra i .

, hi h d s of /k w i i f c y r ic h i r as r ic ro ; 1 1 r of h liv f ralf r .

I ud f f k y i ra s f . /kg-9- C fo ars , s i f c a r f pr uc ivff cu s wa v ch s ic of high-ris r ci ,

ludi hi h ra f ffs i g lo uri p a r har y s r ( a s , 1979)

E IC E S

h e ic ff s of a a f a or co cc us of s r v l us y y g o l h ir r p c iv

y a ( s Cha 2) . l h h i r u of

d ha d gs c i d u i s , i v a i i os o m h s o va a a for heir ici (such s h s s wh h d s ch s s

h ) , h v bl for o h g iha ds v h l haz ds of h s of

ju a y i .

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a s of h fib ob cul s s d f sh show d b al s of ll d v sio as w ll s a s

h u d sy h s ( uc ah 19 1 ; h r , a . 1973a ) . re v rr c s co d sa s f ariju a u ic wlu d by h s ( c l . , 97 9 ; id i , 1 979 ;

h al. , 1 0) i al d s o r s ai w hj u a , hr i s k y for 1 y , s l d k

pa l as, ca c a , fi rosarc s (Hoff a a l . , 1 75)



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v r , xtens ve test n - C us ng t ree st bl s dt s o mut genes s le to d tect ny mut en c t, or nyeff s n b tor o DN r r ( tor et l. , 9 6 Gl t et

l . , Z mr et l . , 978)

Cyt enet c ff ct

num rs s of c r s es ( structures in cel l nucl ust cont n n tr nsm g net c nform t on c r e nDN )

ig ly c r cter stic or g n s es . truct r l v r t on nc es n n rs o c r s y v dence for g ne i c e

r uc by ru s ot e c c l ts Un ortun t ly , lit r tur on t e ef ts o r ju n on c r s s s l mi e ndco l ct t es su es n t m r ju ro bly notbre c r s s r rly concl s ve r l s v d nc t tm r j m y r uce neu lo y ( bnorm l num rs c r s es) n

e t r cells u ce l d v s on m ij n c us c r e br s? t o tv e r in v tro cul ur s n c lls nd r v v

n m l n stu es s t t n er m n nor 9 Cc us c s br s

n ro n m tu es

C ltures of n eu y es, ex se to dif ent concent tions o, no ncr n t e nci of c r s br s

s en c r to contr l ( t nc ev r n llen, 72 )tu es of gol n st rs ven s ut neous nj ct ons o 0 ys

o m ju n extr ct st ll te cont i 7 . rcent C(Nic olson t l . , 7 , n of gl s tr n o gos s o r j u n ( g/d y/ or 0 n s) , s no gn c nt

d ff rences n c r e s or bre n c e t controlg ou ( n st t l. , 9 6 )

u n t d

Cyt enet c n ysi f r s s r ri l l leu ytn cultu s of j t x e o r ju n ng , m ij n

r ct, or ynt et c C r v le no e s in c s tt t ble o s c unds (Nic ol l. , 74

ts y , 7 m e l , 79 s d r 20 mgC r d y to 6 m riju n g tes er d y. tu s

t ve e rt e br or g n c ll c ltur s frs o m iju n v l gely n rr d out on mult l rug

se , t br s g s m y du to ot er f ctors s ewit l f of d u us ( i u e l , 7 d ,

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Copyr igh t Na t iona l Academy o f Sc iences . A l l r igh t s r e se rved .

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102

l d ( th t r ) i n (S ve l , 1974. O obl in h

st y i th dos c ct ri z t i . t r r , th n sn h r r in t ig t nd ju

w no dos - l t fr qu n y br s ob v iboth g u l h g h d nc i i c ncl v , it s gg t t

i d t h s b s. r i f wi h c ll div i n chr

g g ion, th y s lti g in orm n s f c r s ?h r s confli t ing vid nc n th li u e On one , no

signifi t ff cts f m i u r -9 C n chrem nt h v be n r ing t ron cl i t st i c or

n cyt i t d s n d ( n t t l , 197 or l ,976 . O th he h , xt n v studi v d nstr en u loidy lt g fr n vitro x r o c ll to r j n

w ll s i i st of n n h n ngs.

n it nd i l Stu iEx s f u e l ng nd d l h n lu issu cultu e to

ri n i vi ro res bn l c l r ife i n ndbn m it i i D cont n ( cht n g r nd ht n rg ,

1 71 ch n rg , l 1973b) di f - C ndoliv ol , c und w t i truct r s i il r c n b i s ,t no l n l u y cu tur s in uc hy lo y ( f ed s

t s c i it ch s c m f les 0ch -- n rm l h n c l l on n 46 chr s ) ( r s i

t l . , 76 ybr d m c tre for cons tiv ys it- , c nn l, nd c nn i ol do o 10 / d

re t f iv f l inc of c on cl i v c nt ols . eof icron cl incr ed i ncr ng 9 C dos g . nt f n r si n these e c s f v - ts ven old in e h n r r tio r n m t e( Zi m n nd j , 1 80 .

n t i

Stud e of l y s cul r d fr n m u n s rs d f nedth r e t s s ( t l n r ju n cig r t r

e , r nge 1 10 fo in m t y rs) or user ( rt n h r w ) l of w om cons d n 1 . d 1

ri n cig e t s r y dur th x r nt, tu n ign fic nt y l r e r of cell w n 0 c s s

n woul be fou d in con rol cultu s ( r ish m e l . ,7 h s s ive f ndi sugg st t r ij n y ffectr o s g g i n d r n ll div i n r l i c ll w t

fe r t n norm l n r f c r t h s fi sme n n term of r for b orm li i in ffs i o ss l

is s n n in ly h y cu re y not v t wh t i h n in t g r c l s (s x c l ) .



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103

SYS M

he i u e syst m u io s i pro i g y ag i st ir uses ,a ter i a d o r i fe t ions I so pl s m jor role ir n i g h gr h d dis m n tion of c o s l s.

er have r r s t t a a s is i un ic p e oi ating c nents i e u e te . hes n n s i ludesuch c lls as h t s, s o w i pr uc a ti i s ir s se to i si y or ig ge t, n ma ro h g &, whi h

s mu by i fl io to g s i d rs.

um n St die

Th r h b en r s t c nn is i e er s w t c ne s ith e syst . ti s wil d v op i res se to

ri a a in p p e long t ergic res n e, w ether v op i i s without ap are t a lerg ic r ct o ( ko

e l . , 197 ; S api o et l , 974 , 197 ; Lwi l vi , ) .H v er , udies rti g ef ects w re des gned ode e n which c n o the m ri u n r i n e i and w ch

r ll g i .S s o v ri us c o e y te in r n who

r hr i s r o m h ve d ca ed mi d d cr s s iac i i y or o h c ent o h sys ow ver , oth r

n s iga s h v n t n ch s s d o h norm r ge(G t l 1974 ; P r n t l . 9 5 1 6 i l , 19 5 ;u e . , 7 ; ch l y l . , 9 7 ; i lv e n Lss n

1 76 ; C s an hu , 9 ; g l , 980 . hr inconsist ncies y s em m he v i ili y n h nt

o r u na c n s in d f e n tud e and ti ff nc s in h ne y t m s y . H sh , as d f om

m u n , s s to hav l g t y t mu tory e e t nhe e syst m ( a ni a . , 78 ; o ou i s t . , 19 78) .

An m l u

r o s ie h v w h t -9 C nd oth c nn no dsind c u o c d f s in ts (Pe er s n nd g r1 7 Lf i z n ager , 9 8 , Lfkowi z t l 1 78 P euss n d

itz, 1 8 he dos s v r ie r t 5 / g ( n a

r ton l y to 100 /kg ( r l ly . h h gher dos s r w ad n i une e ns , s m a r y st ndard o cals ys . ta - C h d the e e e ts n ce ls gr n in v tro

Oth can a n ds l h v s o t ir e .C nn b n l , -8 C , d 1 et y - C had the s ei no res v s -9 C , ut anna d ad no

u r s v t I ni ing rabbi i h Cres i the pr uc on o nt i s (Chiarott a , 980



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1

E E

ulati f y t atur i a r that a i flu d y dru I v ral i f a i l -9- C

r u a l r i f y t atu {h th r ia Th ff t i wh a i al ar h u d at r al r t ratur , a d it i

r at r with ld r a i t t ratur P rtw a T av dal ,197 9 r ij ua a a ar tly au a d r a i h at r u i f rr a that ar u l ar

I ri with h a u j t , arij a a ha r u littlr ha i y ratur wh iv i a l virB a fi ld t al , 19 7 Ha a t al , 197 6 I a h vir

C arij a a au d i hi iti f ati a d a i t t rii y t ra ur al , 19 Th , h r i vidthat rij a a d i rf with rat r r lati , al h hth r i urr tly k l i i al i i f i a hi fi di

Ca a i a ar i t f with t ra r r la i , ut li i al i ifi a i u k

S

l r ti ti

I a i al , arij a a a d it d ri a i a a t y l rad i r t i wh ad i i t r d i tra r it al ly Th r i

al vid i a i al t u t t at th a t adir tly aff t th i if r t l I , p r u r a d

tility ar d r a d duri hr i arijua a u r havaila l tudi , it a ar thi wa d t a di r t ff f h

a a i id i h r h i if r t lar ith li r thid id al r u t i ti a d i l t vid , it i i l t n l d a th r t ti wh h r arij a a

ki ha a i ifi a t ff u ad tr i a d t t t rrati i h a s. W th d r as i s r u r r

tility has a y ff t f rtility is t k .

F a r tiv ti

Th r is ly st dy f h a i s that att ts t ta ist d i r fi a s r al att r s f wh us d

ij ua a a hr i a d f q asis . y i i at i sf a la i a sh rt d lut al has , a stat ist i allyi if i a t di ff r was ti d i t r ij ua a s i r I t

i k i f thi s l ads t r l s wit f t i ity la tati ,r if it l ads t a r f th r r i r a s.

i l st di s a sh that 9 C l w s rad tr i l ls . It i s u k if th r is a d ir t ff t

th r iv tiss s, a ti arly u d r r l d s fa a is r u s.



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105

rth Defec and Tera enc y

Cannab era en a h gh do es n an al . There noe dence of obv ou era en c y or s ruc ural defec n heoff pr of h n use rs . u he da a are no ade a e to reveal along-ra e fu ct onal a r en or a very lo level of era ogen c y f one pre en . ay be s ble o den fy ad st nc role for cannab s n he pr uc on of btle effects noff pr g cause of he confo nd nfl ences of alnu r t on

k , and alcohol.

Ge c Effec s

r j ana a d - - C do no appear o break hr e , al ho ghhere s confl c ev dence on h . lt ple drug u e

se s to be correlated h an ncrea e n he n rs of gaps andbreak n he g ne c er al . F r her re , r j uana may a ffecchr e r a on d r ng cell d v on res ng n abnor aln rs of hr e n daugh r cell . h le the e confl c tresul s are rr e the r cl n cal s gn f a e s o k .

ur her nves t ga on e c al ly on rolled pro pect ve s ud es o fh n be g s ar eeded.

The une Sys e

The da a fro an l d es gges ha - - C a d e of sanal ues ha a m ld rans e t , unosuppres an ef fec h j

tro and n v sy tem he effec are m ld c ared h k n

unos ppre an drugs. The ud es n h a be are ontradory e d nstra ed m ld , uno ppres e effec , bu o her ,us g he e or s m lar eth d d ot f nd any d ffere e n

he une ys e be en nor l and hron c r j ua a kers . he presen t me, here have bee no h an or an mal s d e ha

ha e deter ed f ar j a a kers are re pro e o fec ons oro her d seases. ecause of he despread use of mar j ana even

ak u osuppress ve ef fe s are a con er . S nce f r her resear hmay no d n ra e def e f nd s, unol effec shouldbe s ud ed alo g h o her var ables a larger ve gat on. fmar j ana s o be sed o osuppres ed pa e s ( for ex ple ,for ant e e pur ses dur g a er h hera ) , eve nor

dd t onal s ress on gh be dangerous.

T ONS R S

he c ee rec e s he fol o pe of ud e .

r her observat ons shou d made r r g he rel t of ar j a a use to repr u ve d fec s h a be ngs, e ally



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1

n y ung us s wh s pr uct iv bi l y is nd rg ing r pid chang .Th p incipal n d is f r a s sm nt f nd in p fil s and s m nanalysis in mal u s rsus n nus rs, ith ad uat c ntr l fc nf unding a i bl s r x pl , d i t , lc h l , h r drug us .In m n h p inc ipal n d i s f r m r d t n nd r in and

m n t al patt rns in us rsu n nus rs, i h par ic l rnti n t th l h f cycl s, h pr s nc abs nc fv la i n, and th i s nc ab nc f ubf r i li ty. r

s udi s ar n d d t ct sub l , l f u ncy , c ulat ivf c s n pr uc i f ncti n in l ng m, h a us r .

A tho gh r utin t s ing f t nicity in human ingsis no r c nd d a this tim , th coll ction of p cispid miol ic in ormation on h outc of hu n p gn ncy in

mari u n us rs is of gr t im r anc nd mus c a f llyc n roll d .

Th ar no g animal m ls f r studying th ff cts ofs k i ma i u na, but cyt n tic studi s in nim ls aft r s rt - C by o h rout s than s king ld b o s v lu .Th m st l v nt s udi s ill ld b in vivo h n st di s

i uan has b n fo nd to hav mild i n l ical ff sn a vari ty of st syst ms, b t studi s of it influ nc on hy ' s i n d f ns agains mic gani s a lack ing and n

b c nduc d . C i ical x im nts a n d d t t st h h th sis that

- - C caus s dis up i n o h gulato y f cto s ns sath r than an alt ra ion o th l v l of th r g la i n.

Inh it d va iati n in th ay s drugs ar m liz d iswid ly niz d . Thi s typ v iat i n mus b v luat d in

s t t susc p ibility o i u n .

RF E

Asch R. H. , F rnand z, E.O . , Smith , C.G . , nd P st in, C .J .P c i l singl d s s o -t hyd nn bin l l ko l tion in th bbit . ti l. St ril . 3 : 331-334 , 7

A ch , R.H . , Smith, G. , Sil Kh r , T.M. , and Pau rs in , C. J.Eff t f - -t t ahydr nnabinol duri th f ollicula phas

f h Rh s s nk y ( cac m l tt ) . J . Clin . E in . M t b52 5 -55 1 81

Ay al n, D . , Ni , I . , C d a , T , Ba ing , s . , t l . Ac f ct -1 t t a yd annabin l on h h tha -pi uitary -

v ian axis in h a . N r d ri l 23:3 -42, 1 77.Ba n , J. r i uana and t f mal pr uctiv syst m, p 85-88 .T st ny b f r th Su it on C inal Jus ic f th

itt on th Judici y, u . s . S n H alth C ns nc s Ma ihuana Us , Jan a y 1 -17 , 1 8 0 . W shington, D: u . .

v nt P i nting Offic , 1 8 .Ba an, J E . Kol ny , R. C. D nbusch, R . L , and W bst ,s . K .

Ef ct s nd inos d l uso cronico d la gu na n mu s



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pp. 5 7 . In Sim sio Int rnaci nal Sob tu lizacion nri ua , Vo me 1 0 . T alp n , Mexic , July 979 .

c nsfi l , P . , Gin burg , J , an R insb , R rihu ns k ing Car io ascu r ff c in m an ssib m chanisms.N . n . J. M . 2 7: 20 2 2 , 72 .

sch, N . F. , Smi h, .G . , ch, P. K. , n K uf n, R Th ff ctof m rihu na ( lta- t h n binol) n h s cr ion ofl t ni zing h r n i o r c iz d R s nk y . . JObs t. G c l . 12 : 35 42, 77.

sch, F .W. , S , D.A . , a d W i , E. T. u ag n c c ivit ofi hu na s k c d n at . a c L . : 3 324 , 7 .

Ch kra rt , I . , S upta, D . , h ach , P. , an Gho h, J. J.Eff f r a nt wi h c abis x r c n h w t r dg lyc co n s f th t us n n mal an st d ol t t

r ub t l a s x icol. A . Ph m c l. 34 5 3-5 , 75 .Chi o i , M Gi sti , G. . , a Vig , . In iv nd in t o

pro s of anti-d lta- -t trah d a i l n i . Drugc ol D c 5 231-233, 0 .

C gins, W. J. , S ns n, E.W . , D o , w w a . H th s a us ofch ic h a ca nabis s s. N. ca . Sci . 2 2 : 4 -1 76.

h s . Th 4 ca ab s st d . N . . Acad . Sci .2 2:2 1-220, 1 76

Co do , T. , A alon , D. , La r , N. , t a . Th o ati n b k ingf c f ca abin i s : St uctu acti it a i ships .

Ps ch n u ri o 5 : 53- 2, 0.Co t J. . , S h s . s , a V l, W. H xic f s of

ma i a a tar m s ski . A ch. E viron. H th 2 : 277 27 ,73.

Cu s a , P . and Khu ana, R A co t c c f t tr h

ca abi s king T a B c ll r s tt r ati . Lif Sci .2 : 7 - 7 , 1 77.D ixit , V P . , a , M. , a hi , N. K . Th ff t ch o ic

adm nis d can abis xt c n th f ma g nita t act f ic ats. E d k in l i 66 365-3 , 1 75.

Fi an, L.P. Pu ar p b ms cou r d b th i fant o thd ug nt h . C in . Ch st M . : 3 -32 5, 1 .

ri , P. ihua a us b p nant n N b ha io ats i n a s. Dr A c hol D n nc 6 415-424, 1 .

s , P. Hu , N. D , a , P. D . x c i st d ma i ua a id s : f cts o th mit ic i x a ch s s. C u Ps ch ! Ps chi t . B hav. 1 3 2 , 1 76.

b W. . a d Sch L. . Eff f ma ih a a xt ac f ah st s a abbi . xicol . . ha ac . 14 27 -2 2 , 1 .Gi u , D G. , Bl , A. D. , K . P. t a . Ch al

ab ra io in us rs of ps ch ct v gs . A ch. G n.Ps ch atr 24 2 -272, 1 7 .

Gl tt, , Ohlss n, . , Ag ll , s . , n O sch , . D a 1ah a abi l and 1 a p a, 2-a pha x h xah o

ca abi l Mutag nic it nv s g i in h s s . M tat 66 32 -335 , 1 7 .



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2 :874-877, 1974.Hanna, J . . , Str us , R. H. Itagaki, B. , et l . ri u na k

and ld t erance in n . v t n Sp ce nd nv ro talM c ne 47:634-639, 76.

H r ler e , J . Ny st , S . E. , Na ar , B. , and L , D . Eff cts ofcann bi n sex h r n s and test cular en es f th r e t ,pp. 3 5 4 5 . I Nah s G.G . d at W. D. M. ( s . ) r hua :Bi l c l ff ts. s s Met bli C lula R nseRe uct n and Br n . Oxf d : Perg n Pr s 1 7 .

Hembree , . . , N ha , G.G . Zei e berg, P . nd Hua , H . F. S.Ch nge i h p r at a s ated th h gh d r hua as ki , . 42 -43 . N has , G G and P t , D M. ( . )

r huan : B c l ff t . y s M t bli CellularR s n e Re r t n and Br . Oxf rd : Perg n Pr ss 1 7 .

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ri king n marijuana use fetal gr th a d dev nt. Ped atr . ( in pres ) .

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Kalo ut s Kouts l ni s Dionyss ou st r ou , nd Mir s T s nif canc of l yt li id c a aft r is is ta a c l xi ol 43 : 81 85, 1978

Kol ny Ma t r Kol n r M , o Gr ss on of l sm t stost ron l vels aft r c ron c nt ns v

ar i uan se NE l J M 290 872 874 1974u J , b r n D G arr, M nd i o, E F

y o l tin n nduc d l yt tran for t o n nr c v n d lta 9 t tra ydr nn bi l S nc 192 : 80 5 8071976

L f o itz and Kl r , K Eff ct of d lt 9 t t a ydrcannab l on n v tro s nsit z tion of s l nicl t s unol C un 7 557 56 6 , 1978

f itz Kl er K N et D , and ru s , M nou r ss on of by delta 9 t t a ydr annab ol

un C t l r c l 19:101 07 1978ator , M b r , , Connor nd St l , M F ilur to

d t ct m ta en c eff ts of 9 t tra yd ann bino i td nant l l t st, os i t a say, bl urin st di s

nd cyt n c v luation it c , p 699 709 n BraudM C Sz ra, s ) col Y of M r an N Yor

v n r , 1976L c t nb r r nd uc t nb r r Mor l ical and

cy l ff s f r ua a c ar tt on it lioidlls f lun x l nt fr i N t r 23 4 227 229 1971

u nb r r , , t b r , and S n id r f oari ana a to cco s on n l hysiol y Na r

24l l37 39 1973

L c nb r r L t r r , , it r nd n , Nff cts of a and o cco on D and r s lle nt i n lu x l nts Natur 24 2 40 3 40 4 1973b

s nd Slav n G l y to r uana clini al ds n t ti t dy J ll r Cl n unol 55 131 132 1975

L B , L s J L and ar r ll r y to r i u na nnt r M 75 571 573 1971

r B ! t t a ydr ann b nol nd l t n z ormocr t o Br in s 9 1 3 8 , 1973

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723 729 n Braud , M and Szara , ) r col of

Mar an N Yor av n P s 1976no , J , dd n, J J , Fal t l lt ratio of andn ll l fr n i ri ra b f h an

t add ct n vivo v d nc for o i r c or si t on l y J no 25 25 39-2543 , 1980lson , J , K l , J , Ell , J nd , Pla at t ron v b for d r nd a r c ro i ar uana

n N l J M 29l l05 1055, 1974



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M r a, A. , , J y J , N y d h l d y h y hu

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N o , M , B , D W o ar hund y rg d d y d y o hold t r u C h r c 42 7-43 4 ,973

N r, , y , D , r, A t S r o yurg of l t z n or t d o on n

t by -1 tr hyd ann b o N ur 243 470 47 , 973r , a d v nd l f t 9

t ra ydr a b l , 2 4 tro o n o n tar ato b v r h r r ulat on n Br J

9-50, 979t rs n, B g r , L , rah J , nd D on , B

lt r ons n t r m d d n s v n ss ron a o h r C n 1 7-74

975t rs , B , J , and b rg r , L

a ydr nn b ol a d l t

97

h ,L f S 9 395-400

t rs n , B a d b g r , L f ct d 9tetra ydr b n l ad tr t on of y r t

35 33 197r s , a d w tz, n n of y on

n n by d lta 9 t r ydr n b no . S .. B ol M d 58 350 353 978

ro t v A lu l , B S , d g r y, A h n b tsd ydro st t ro b nd ng t a dr n r r

d r 07 848 850, 198c l y G z , y , t n

a at n y n r r s

r Cl n l 58 483 49 197o tz, rt o Add t o ound o da rg z t o ) Sc t f t ng on v r

of B v oral Cons qu nc s o an U e ,ron , 981

S n at , N , B n v tz , C , a d C a n L F r c dr u v d f t n r t ron ca y dr gg d t

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co sat s co t 2 204, 979


i j u a n a a n d H e a l t h: / / w w w. n a p . e d u / c a t a l o g . p h p ? r e c o r d _ i d = 1 8 9 4 2

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6O SY OS I EF

OF IJU USE

e m nd- ltering effects of i u n nde ie its wid spre d andinc easi ng p it . Ma i uan use s wh exper nc ffec s onm , c pti n and tiva ion r rt h t the s k th high ndthe mel w -ou . H ver , nde c c stances man of th e

e ef ects c n be c nsid r d adve se . P c p u di st t on haare s ght b se s pose ri ks f d i ng c s usi therc hin . The e i e s n t be conce n d a ut f fect on e n ng

b s d nts sing m i na in sch l . Olde d ts r eivi- C as he p ma be h ghl int erant of a ered consci sness

nd p ce iv d s f c n rol . Thus , i t h c ma e factical a l as cientific interes to e n re a t th

effects a i uan n the b ain and beh or.n ch ic l and neu ps chol ica stud es h ve been

c uc t investig te specif ic ef fects of ma uan on ha ior .These incl de udies f intell al uncti ns, uch as ,at en i n , s u nti inf mation ess ng , nd d i i n-mak ing s

e a e ce t a and s ch t func i n . The e is a m th lc ch leng in tr ing to design e pe im nts that will disc minatee iab ng these nc i n nd det mine p se which is beingff ted when drug p uces tic l r behavi o c e. F

ex le, on ' s bil t o ess and res nd t enviro ent t mul iepresents cha n f vents . h se uence beg ins with sensa i n rcept ion. D gs c n inf luence th manner , sp ed , nd ccurac

with which his n t is ce ed . The inf mati n ust then t d in e r e en if on ver b ie , and th n et eved f ome to be n t d i h call d p io e er nces nd he

sens r np s . Th r s ns f om he ub t is the res l o hen r n of ne nd ld info ma on . A dr g acting at n n

in th s chain of ev nts c n alter beh vi al p rformanc .S ud s f he effec s of m ri an n c p ex ha i r m st c efu in e re ed , ause th e are n e o s v r i b es ha caninf luence the re lts . F st , th re is he d ug i se f . The d se ,t pe f pre ar i n, t of dm n st t on, and s d of administ a

ion mus be s c fied . e t , he use --his pe s n i , evel oinnate ab it , m tiv tion to rfo m, and es c a his pr i sex ri nc wi h mari u n , r erful influences on test esults.Fin l , her is he p f beh v r es and the e ing n

2

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h t e o ed S e a d wel l- ct ed k ll e lece b e o d t o b d u ef ec a a e ovel or c le

a k tu n t e l ter t e va y e a t on ohe to

o t o t e e d e ave b e ca o t on ma e ol etudent o l tee o j u re ea ltho

a e oup ( 25) ep e ent a pe i o pe k u e of m jua , ta ot be a ed h t d f a oll e ul o lle e e o ot e to of t e y ula on e d e

ve o tud un eer e o ly onfo d t e i e etat ono e u t n e e t al a ea , e e t e ed a

t vat on play a f a ole dete orm e S ec ed e t to do el a d de n a e t at mar jua a o

a ul e Ot e a e ly te e t d n ob ai t d und e joy t e ec t l tle n e t n t e ex e entd t onal t o cal ue t a recu t y o re e

i l de : ( a) el a e o l - e by bject a d pe o al

to y o e e a d te ty o d e , (b ) a o ae an e o e - e t of d u do e a d leve o n o cat o ate t e o e e t , ( ) lack o ta dard zed do a e a d

et o a t at o of - - C eve e t e d u dm n e ed by t e ve ato and ( d) lack o atte t o tot ve a d b l e o e a d no u e t ey inte act

re e en a v le o tud e l b ev e e e, nd ay able of 88 e t of the elat o be een j a a e

hav o l a c o al t o ava lable t eIn t tut o e by equ

ASYCHO R IO S

A e fec

e t d e e t e e o er t e a e of c n y u ed do e *f ve y o up o 0 . 25 0 /k o - C j an i a et e

t a le t n he e re ute ffect --c an e at caneen f e a n le do e e e t to be en at a t

e do lev l at h a i p r e ved ( . 05 - . 5 /kC) . Ge era ly e eff a e do e- ela d In ot r d ,

do e ave all effec er do e end to ha e g tee e

* e a e re n m l r k l r ( /kg) e p ov dedby t e a t o or a otal do e n m ll g t t e o te of

n a on



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4

at o

Mar jua a a be f u t mpa m to d at o at d e u e i s a t t y a e a o use

T fu t stud e ude a te ess ( a ' s C t e n

a ua a 44 : C r k t al. , 1 7 : M te e a . 7 5) , ay ( ay r ' C t e M ua a , 44 K p nge et a , 1 :a t a 1 7 3 ) a ur y f ex ut m t ( afae

t a , 1 3 : M t i t a 75 : K a et 1 77 . St d e a ea so w a d e re at d ea e a r e f tural

t b ty a ea ure y a sway (K t a . , 7 )

a tio T

R t i m d f a t a betw e a s g a a d hr s a subj ct mak t hat i a . t u i tt m t a ke j t res d to a ua r au i ry

al . T e ff t f ma j a a e i r p d f i ti alt t n f gna d f r e a be n on i n

a d s y u d a t ( at ) e s bje a pa r d at m bu a m s

( yo ' C tt e n r hu na 44 Cl rk al. , 1 7 e a . 71 M kow z t l . , 1 7 2 74 : Bo g a , 7 5 :S h f a , 1 77 : al 76 St l t l , 1 7 7).T e a ng f t cons u er a n, bu i p r ab y

vo a ef attent o me a s . Whe a s bj sca d ar j ua proba y e k y o d

the a t t k . ap i s e e d p y tt n te ta th t o e i o i a .

Tra k

T a k e r u d o ribe e f l o a vt u u . an rta t v n d f y ngk T k ng b vio h it v to h ffec s r j an mpairm t f r k n u v n t very l d ( 4 . 5

m by k g a v ubje (We l a . , 1 68 . S ud ofx r c d e h v l n d n n a m t. Th

tr k n pa t b n f d t f r 4 o 8 u bey t i of t x at ( ) by a r y

( k w tz a S ar , 7 : M ow tz t al. , 1 8 ) . N rud ave e d ff f r u bey nd 2 r . f d g h la t ng f fe t v y a ,

l b d d l t ff of ri ua a on drivinga e r ie , a d, h for , u h udie u d b r a byot r v i .

W r ion d ( a t d a v ) o d incon i s ntr ul tr k g v r r ul y nd i an ly d d

y r jua a a d u ua y u d i a t . T k



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a d r ett 1978 f und ha ncr a e ear rat ar pr ucemar juana t u the e ree as pa ent n ellec ualtask . s l nk g f a p s l cal rker w t tud es fbe av ral eff a u eful e f r researc t s f el

T m e t er i e tual func flue ce b r jua a st e s . Un er the nf luence f a d ses f h d ug , t

ves ga rs r r ha ubj ts c ns entl verest te hea u f t a ha elapsed . T u , und r he flue ce f

r ua a , a g eve t s re r ed last er t t actuad s las lark e al . , 1970 Vac n al. , 1974 T kle rg et

l , 76 .

te- en Le a epe de le r ing r fers t as ua i w ch ter al at is lear ed wh le u er t e flue ce

f a drug s re e r t e s a e f drug t c t nw c wa r g na l lear e . r es f stu e r c uctew t oral d es f 20 a ub qu t s ud th is d se scal rate t 0 kg f - - ves igat he extent tw ich lear a r ar k he st e f cat

Darl et al. , 7 a , b, 1 74 , 197 7 . d se f rij uanacaused earn g t take place m r l l than when th subject asdr g-free . O ce l ar ed, r al f the earn tha c r r ur gi xica wa be he he subj a aga u der he flue cf r ij ua . h ug s ate- epe de lear g curs w thar j a a, he qualit f lear a r all a r ause the

f r a r pr ble - lv g skills lear i he rijuanaxica ed ta w ll be r uced r a r . e e vestiga rs

eve t a e a r deficit s the atte t st r ge ase fl ar .

Oral u icat

Mar jua a use t a es a rs ral c u cat ,e c al clar f sequ t al d al ue with her per ns

r b s e al , 197 a l a ars , 97 Z de berg et al . ,1 7 r ke t a . , 976 M ller et al. , 1 77a , 1 78a , b, 79

feffe b e al . , 1 77 Mil r a r et , 978 atal e al. ,1 7 Bel re a d M ll r , 1 8 r j uana a ra e edisrupt c u ty f spe b air sh r - er 6 8

e s durati Bel r a d M ller , 98 . unicat n l

i t ca ed a i a red b he i rus f irreleva t r s and as t t e tr f c u ca . a l st f rd sl ar ed a th the ubj s are a ked t r al h r s w th tr ard se ue ce, rd ha r ver e r g al l st ari r dur reca re f e b subj g v 9- tha b

h se w re dr -free fef f rba al . , 1977 M l r ar e , 1978 Miller al. , 1978a, b Z id rg al 197

a i r - - ral a d f d ha , i a s alc x , phra es b s r t r , spe ch bec e r , a her as



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st Cou s

Ex m nta studies of th eff ts of ma j ana on lo d o saut bi ivin fo an show tha hi ski l is ai d byma j a a. C han i sk i s ed , as h n by obj t iv

asu ( Klonoff , 74 ; n t en t a , 976 tt , in s ) .I t sho l be not th th s studi s , in vin sub ts u thei f u nc of ij an , ined fo man in s l

it ations than a t a y t in al- ivi s it at ions .How v , a osed ou s has th a van a es of standard o d i ionsand saf ty fa to s. I n a - if d iv n si at ions , the pe ep uaand ni t i ands on id ab y e x . Th K ono f( 9 74 ) st dy of d iv n p fo an on i ty s ets ind icat thatk ar j ana ( 5- 0 m -9- C) i a j d n andon nt ation n d ition to i n a handl kills.

i nt S ys

xp i nta vi nc of i ai ents a sed by a i ana ony h to f nc ons, j d nt and oto sk l n l d n d v n

has l d to esea h o the lat onshi of th s of ma ij ana ana t obil a nts . st o ly t v la onsh t n of al ohol and in as d in k has o n s ab ish . Thet hniqu s d to stab sh th elationsh p o a ohol to a d nts

i h a a o offe an x llent a adi fo arab e a j anaa id nt s a h ve , e av en p l ons why

h roads d su vey l of s n b ath s s obta n f oma d n d iv s and a n those o b ath s l of and lys l ct d iv s who a passin th a id n sit n th

d on , th t of day an day of the ek ha notwo ked for a i j u na tudi s . as h ha b n 97 pe ntc ation fo al o o b ath analysis, a j ana d te ination

eq i a b l , and only a ino ity of ver will lyc a . F h , j ana as q t di ff nt yd t ib t on at du to s hi h fat sol b y. D a- - C not o y t hn al y qui diff l to d t t s ple of yf d, but t ay be acti e n h n vo s sy lon afte snot et abl in b . The n al ff s on d iv ki s( skow t a Shar , 979 o kowitz et al , 9 ) ay ev n r4 to hou s yond h hen the has ad s bj tivf li of ho ia o s e p nes .

ve a ts of a id nt v ys ha e nt y be n p bl he( T al t al. , 9 77 Cimb a al. , 9 0 ; Bay an ns, 9b t all ff h p obl ms is ss d a v and pa t la lyf he la k of asonable c a i on ro . Fo exa le , o

t y e ted that 6 en of to r v had -9- C inth bl (S l -S th 97 5) . Th e was no de ip ion of he

o ho l n d to v a b s e b t p o ath one a s ns t ad . lso , th e is o info ma ion as o he

f eq ncy of find n -9- C n th bl of those ve ho hav



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h d a cid r th wi c t ice at i i i , a r f ari h r d g h da a

ar i a f bj c h u ed j a ff b ai f c i f h a ia i

f i a wi h ccid c p d wi h h d , W i pr r a z d h i b ra a 98 da a

c f h f a i ju d d iv r d ped i i tha dhad b f u d ha -9- i th i r b h pr c fh dr g w a d r i d a d c bi i i wa d d

A cu abi i i d x c ar h freq n h a g i f d iriv a ig d r i i f c u a c i i h h

f qu c i i di idua fr th a wh had c d acci

p ri wa f h a c abi i i hat i ,i wa fr u i i divid a ig d r ibi i f c i i n ha n h wh w n hi i i nific c

ca i rv a a i a ch k h ch i , g iwith h a ri ri tha it d ik f a iri

v rr e ted h r ib f r id t c nt a , ub wi h nna in id r n in h rin rf u d hav a cu abi i d x 1 7 , h cu abi i vf d f r h r c f a c h Thi i d ca a xc f

- - i iv driv r h ca r e ib f rcc d n . Th r c f n ihi n r c cul bi i

dex f .5, and ra qu i a t depre a , 8G ve he difficu ie i ex p d i ic u i where

i di ff ic t b a adeq a c tr gr , i u d a pearha n iv c nclu i a u mari uan ' r e in acc d n

ca r ach d up r v vide c tha r ij ua a i a c tr ibu iu f accide t c e fr urve f arij a a u r h r rt

h r a ighe - a -av rag f cke f r drivi gi la i a ar i i a h gh r- ha -averag r f

acc id J n , 98 Never h , h r b d cr ia v are v d B h culp bi i t i x e ta tha be r f ed a ti ized fu r di

A c h - ij ac i

S rv h w ha rij a d c h r freq t c dr Fi hb e a , 98 J h a , 198 h , it

i i r a d r wh t i t rac i , if a , c he d g th dr g h v da iv r r i ,a addit vff d be x c d a ha f u d h f t a i

i v tiga i f h ff hi ci i O de r ed ha 5 perc b a c h v c c a i ( B

i cr a ed h r r c d b 5 f k d -9-rack i behavi r a . , 197 a i df a c and t d ri ua a, v th w d f a c h

7 rc B and the w d f -9- ( 1 . 4 g ir dx rack g i an a di iv fa hi n an en a , 1976 .



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High r d e r uc d r r u c d d re e . c a f- 9- 2 kg a d ha l a d tha r uc a eak

bl l f l ha 0 08 p rce B ) ha a r uc d aaddi iv f h abilit rf r a p c r

lgra e al , 1979 Thiaddi ve ff c u f c c r h ra g a r v hicl

T i u f alc h l- a ijua a i racti a i a ,bu curre few da a r avai abl learl , r udi far jua a' i rac i h a c h l a d h r c l d dr g

ar ed

h c Effec

i l S ud

S udi f chr c ff ar ar de rmi wh er a drugpr uce c n ha er af r rati h t pv ew f he he retica ib li f c a i r r te

r j ua eff c , it i ri i g tha l a f w la rat r ac uc d x ri i l i g r p a ed d g d i f rre idual eff ct Mic i j ec ed wi h 10 kg - - f r 2 -4d wer f u r i l aired i w l ar i 1 aaft r e j ec i d ad uc -Th e al . , 976

i a l , ra iv 2 k f -9- rall f r 18 da h dar i ill air d 2 h af r h -9- r ap ed F hr e a , 1976 .i wa c fir e b h gr u i

ub equ udi F h et l. 1979 ; gl ck d Kala , ipr r gr f ve ga r , h v , c uld f d r idu ear i g ff ct k 2 da af r t ic ar b d f - - F a a d Gr ll 974

a S di

i ic r r f r ai , lack f c c r i ,l arg , c , i i t x ica d chr c r f ar j a av ld

udi i which ch ic i wa ad i r d u erf r j a a d c r l h r ul f h di ar

i c c i a di w i ir d f r a c r ac pared c t rw al , 1 75 S if , 976 W g a dVar a , 1977 M dhir a al. , 1978 ; h f u d g i ficar dua ff i h rij a r a d ihl 197 bi

d , 75 Sa z al 976 ; a l , 978 Sch ff r a l , 81 Al f h di c b cri iciz d h l icalg r u d , a d h re l h b d i d Thi i ur r ,

ca i i ch ica v diffic l b ai a fchr ic rij r , g h i r l ug-fr c di i ,

t a l l t a r g u f c l .S v ral r f i v ig b h a , 1972 ; Fra k

al. , 1 76 Har a a , 197 6 ; i a , 1977 x i



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chr c r juana er f e a aft r 21 94 da f c r icca n n a r earc h pital i . N e f t e

i e t ga r f u an p c l cal cha e dur g tdrugH ver , 2 t f e a re a vel rt per f

f r a c a e t be etec e , a he bject ha alrea ei r jua a f r at lea t a ar ri r t e ter eac tu

F r a . 976 availab e u e f chr c av ral ff c ea cl ar clu . l h e an l tu tra e a

ar defic t a per e f r nt after a ar jua ax ure wa d c ue , the hu tu e av uch t l ca l

w akn e a the ca not be i terpr t . pr ct ve c c rre tc rt tud a r tr pect ve ca e-c n r l tu f bl

c e f a ri k fac r f r e f arijua a c u d add efulf r t . ee r earch rec e at at the e d f hi

cha r

L n thi t we w l d cu th acut a chr c havi ral

cha t a ave bee re r i the c cal liter ure a ate th he u f r jua a . a at ba ed car rt l cau al . ud e f a r pr a c r lgr up are n e ar . g era acut r iate cli cal

ff f drug ca be et r ne c e tifica uc r read la c r ic r a ed ff t . a true f r r juana a

i f r alc a d er dr g . T t e acu ff t f ar ua aar b ed r o d ev de c t a are e r rted c r ic

ff .

t Eff

e acu e cl ica eff t f r ju a e t c r a cfr d d p oria t acu brai r e. I he l era ure,

re diff r ndr a e de cr , al h ug here urr f the darie i h cla fica a d g eral

agre e a t d ag ic cri ria

a ic eacti

A aj r p r i f th e de c f r hi ff c fr r r bi j a a u er th lv . ij ua a ' ar h ta di ,

ur ri i high r r i f r e rt r act ha her rd a u ea a r u d i a l r x l , perc f

gu ar er r rted ha hil x ca ed h ca i alx ri c d ch a ac te pa c, par d reac ,

ll i i a d a a d r i ag Ta , 7N re a d Kw , 972 h r d r ed ha 6 rc f

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22

u u s t d i ty, f s s co usio p do ss iv s as usu cu nc ( ik t a. 7

i i findin s in o o st l , w l- d m t sh en found y h i v st i to s ( n s d t 97 a c s

t . 974 ) . Fi st- im s s lik y th i eds t ad s act ions . f qu nc s uch cti s

ap s to e h h w th s t tin o s is not onfo x l , wh n th us s s t vi o n as th t ni .

h s d sychol ic ctio s a so h e n obs v d su ects f to y im n with a i an . uch cont o do er at ns o ns wh i i t o nt s us and hos

a w k o i asis f conc udin th t ac u advsych c c ns c n cu und sin m t dos o

n . h f f cts m li ly t hi h dos s . hs y t no on th 2 to 4 ho s. t noid action

un h s cont o c nd tions h n t ( nd o a, 72 assin i al. , 97 F nk t . 97 l s,

97 ) st i n i which i tio o dos (dos d ust nt

c s u in k in is dif f c lt y i k ly o ucad f ct h ad ini st t ion y ki ma i ana. v ,ch onic us and n e action with oth sycho ctiv s t nc s anot qui .

s f ent y a th s dv s eacti ns a o s andlf- r , ica t atm nt is a ely so h . l , a

col st d nt h a th clinic t on y six stud nts yeao ht cal t atm nt o a a v actio to ma i uana o o

a t nt tion o 20 , 000 ( i l d, 9 70 ) n th elatio , di osi of acu ca is r c i n w s ound in n y

0 cas s t o 700 00 0 hos i l d i ion in th n t d at(L nd et al. , 97 . n th u s A on y s ch c s s t t

e a -y p a i it l tion o, 00 0 ( nant nd G s eck , 97 2) h r no nt i showin qu s t o m ic t a n t t h us o m i a a

is int ns , wid s ad , and chi youn o ps .o v , niq nito in o d causali y ha o d nt n

e ncy nco nt s con uc y h D En o c nA ni t a ti n an h N tiona Inst i t n D s (U . .

a tm nt o lth a n vic s , 9 7 ) ay in h utovi ad iti

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