16th century
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Transcript of 16th century
What do we currently know aboutthe Modern Age?
Who are these guys?
THE BEGINNING OF MODERN AGE
1453End of hundred years warFall of Constantinople
1492End of Reconquista
Discovery of America
1516Luther against theCatholic Church
1519Death of Leonardo
Hernan Cortés conquests México
16th Century: Changing times.• ECONOMY: Growth and change. Towards
capitalism and mundialization.
• SOCIETY: The rise of a new bourgeosie.
• POLITICS: The rise of the monarchies and the modern state.
• CULTURE: New horizons (discoveries), new styles (Renaissance), new religions (Luther)
ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION
CAUSES OF
GROWTH
CAUSES EVIDENCES
ECONOMY 16th CENTURY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION
CAUSES OF
GROWTH
CAUSES EVIDENCES
ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION
CAUSES OF
GROWTH
Production +
Trade +
Social stability
MONEY
INCOME
Population +Death rate lower
Healthier people
Less diseases T
Richer cities
And merchant T
Less toubles
Less wars.. F / T
America
Far east T
More noble
Metals (silver) T
CAUSESEVIDENCES
ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION
WHAT HAPPENS IF…
More gold and silver are avaliable.
Inflation (higher price)
(people cant buy
So many things)
More demand(people want to buy
more goods)
More income
For kings
+ production(traders will offer more
goods and jobs)
- Production(traders will produce less,
+ unemployement)
More armies conquest..
CHAIN OF CONSEQUENCES
Social unrest(possible)
The gap between richAnd poor is widerMigrations.
INFLATION AND MONEY
One Dress for 2 ducades
Price: 2 ducades
INFLATION AND MONEY
Two dresses for 4 ducadesMore money in the market motivates production
INFLATION AND MONEY
3 dresses for 9 ducadesToo much money in the market creates inflation
Price: 3 ducades
Economy growth
The agriculture improvement
More landsTo cultivate
New Techniques(irrigation,Channels…)
More production
Demographicgrowth
Greaterdemand
The growth of economy
More currency(silver and goldFrom America)
Financial improvements(bankers lend money, loans)
New marketsAnd trade routes
Greaterdemand
More production
ECONOMICGROWTH
The discovery of rich mines of silver in Central Europe and South America brought more money to spend in the economy.
RISE OF NOBLE METALS
• New silver mines are discovered at this time (central Europe, America). As a consequence a bigger amount of money is avalaible in the market. This motivates more production and a stimulus for the economy. But in the long run, too much money generates a rise in the prices (inflation) and a crisis (people can’t buy
so many goods as before).
• WHAT CAN IT MEAN IF WE FIND SPANISH SILVER COINS, MADE IN MEXICO, IN THE TOMBS OF THE CHINESE EMPERORS?
SOCIETYA slow and
continuos change
XII CENTURY
XVIII CENTURY
What was the Name for thissociety?
SOCIETY IN 16th CENTURY
THEBOURGUEOISIEMore wealthy And powerful.
Bankers andBig merchants Will lend moneyTo kings.
THE NOBILITY
They will lose all their political power, and will start to work for the kings.In exchange, kings willincrease their wealthand prestige.
THE CHURCHBeing a priviledged estate in the MiddleAge, their conditions will change dramatically afterReformation in some countries.
THE PEASANTSFeudal obligationsdissapear in WesternEurope (they are notServes any longer).
Their life conditions will remainhard and unpleasant.
The transformation of the monarchies
VS.
FEUDAL MONARCHYMiddle Age
Kings Control only their own fiefs.
Nobles and Parliaments challenge his power
Irregular income:Scarce resources.
AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY16th century
Real control over theWhole country
Nobles became officials and generals.Parliaments lose power.
More income: regular resources
VS
ELEMENTS OF THEMODERN MONARCHY
The army.More income allows the kingsTo keep a state army, not longerDepending on the private armiesOf the nobles.
The weapons are now more Expensive, and the armies, bigger.
BUREAUCRACYThe state has nowMore people workingFor them (justice,taxes, administration
HIGHER TAXATIONKings had now a Regular incomeFrom new taxes (trade, for instance)
Cervantes was a tax collectorHe standed accused of corruption, And condemned to jail.
20% of the money comingFrom America, was for the king
DIPLOMACYIncreased inThe 16th century.
Ambassadors became knownrepresentingthe king’sinterests
CAPITALSThe kingsStarted to live in a singleplace, andBecame theMain centre ofThe country.
EUROPE: XVI CENTURY
MAQUIAVELO“A prince shouldNot care about Being cruel if he keeps His subjects united And loyal”
The Catholic Monarchs
UNION GIVES POWER AND STRENGTH
The expansion in the Iberian Peninsula
The expansion in Europe
The religious unity
The religious persecution
Inquistion (1478)PersecutedHeretics,False Christians(Jews and Muslims)And was under Control of theMonarchy,
Inquisition: the persecution
The inquisitionAvoided theSpread of Protestantism,But in exchange,Spain became a Very intolerantCountry.
Inquisition nowadays:The islamic state
The defeat of nobility
The internal order
Jail And headquatersof Santa Hermandad(Toledo)
CONTADURIA
COURTS OF JUSTICE
CORREGIDORESThe state has nowMore people workingFor them (justice,taxes, administration
The world in the 15th centuryTolomeo’s Geography
The age of Discovery
CAUSES
AGE OFDISCOVERIES
NEW TRADE ROUTESFAll of Constantinople andAlexandria forced the Europeans to find new Trade routes for Far East.
The age of DiscoveryTechnical innovations:New ships: carabelas andNaos, able to Travel through theAtlantic Ocean
Technical advances: astrolabe
Compass
IDEOLOGICAL PURPOSES:The ideal of Reconquest
FINANCIAL SUPPORTBy the kings of PortugalAnd Spain
Consequences: Treaty of Tordesillas
POPE
KINGS OF SPAINKING OFPORTUGAL
Consequences: Tordesillas (1494)