16th- 17th Europe

16th C Northern Renaissance Humanism expressed in observation

of daily world and importance of human subjects (portraiture, detail, surfaces, human suffering of God)

Rising of modern cash-based, international trading economy with secular patronage

Changes in subject matter Use of new technologies (printmaking)

Protestant Reformation• 1517, 95 Theses, Wittenberg (Germany)• Martin Luther• Central ideas and ramifications

– Faith alone saves– Breaking up political power of Church (Henry

VIII)– Role of print media (new technologies)– Against images in church; patronage changes

• “Counter-Reformation”– Catholic effort to win back the faithful– “Faith Alone Saves, Not Without Works”

Quentin Metsys, Money-changer and his wife, 1510 (genre picture of merchant class)

Portrait of a Notary, Quentin Metsys

Peter Bruegel, Hunters in the Snow, det.

Protestant Reformation

1517, 95 Theses, Wittenberg (Germany)

Martin Luther Central ideas and ramifications

Faith alone saves Breaking up political power of Church

(Henry VIII) Against images in church; patronage

changes

Baroque Art & Power Politics (the 17th Century)

Catholic Counter-Reformation Council of Trent, 1545-1563 Re-assert the authority of Church- St.

Peter Emphasize personal faith, along

w/works “Faith alone saves, not without works”

Emotional appeal like that of Reformation

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Allegory of Law & Grace, 1530

Woodcut block & print

Durer woodcut block & print, Samson rending the lion, c. 1497

Albrecht Durer, Adam & EveEngraving

Hans Holbein, The French Ambassadors, 1533

Anamorphic perspective

The “Hollow Bone”

Detail, sundials & navigation instruments

Lute, Globe, hymnal Symbolism of everyday objects

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, 1510

closed

Sts. Sebastian (plague) & Anthony (monasticism)

Det., st. anthony

1st opening (2nd view) w/predella closed

Isenheim Altar, 2nd Opening

Temptation of Anthony

Paul & Anthony in Desert

Det., Sts. Paul & Anthony in the Desert

What the full altarpiece might have looked like

Temptation of St. Anthony

Rubens, Raising of the Cross, 1610

Rubens, Samson & Delilah, 1610