16 th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium Slide 1 Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training...

16th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium

Slide 1

Student Projects For the New Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training CraftNavy 44 Sail Training Craft

Asst. Prof. Paul Miller, D. Eng.Asst. Prof. Paul Miller, D. Eng.Midn. 1/C Jon Silverberg, USNMidn. 1/C Jon Silverberg, USN

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering DepartmentNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering DepartmentUnited States Naval AcademyUnited States Naval Academy


Slide 2

Vessel BackgroundVessel Background

• 44-Foot Offshore 44-Foot Offshore Sailing Craft for USNASailing Craft for USNA– 1939 Luders Wood Yawl1939 Luders Wood Yawl– 1966 Luders Glass Yawl1966 Luders Glass Yawl– 1985 McCurdy and 1985 McCurdy and

Rhodes SloopRhodes Sloop– 2003 Update to M&R 2003 Update to M&R

designdesign

Safety is Paramount – Low Maintenance –10 Crew – Good RatingSafety is Paramount – Low Maintenance –10 Crew – Good Rating


Slide 3

Student Research Opportunities Student Research Opportunities at USNAat USNA

• Summer InternshipSummer Internship– ~120 manhours~120 manhours

• Independent Independent Research ProjectResearch Project– ~ 140 manhours~ 140 manhours

• Capstone CourseCapstone Course– ~ 190 manhours~ 190 manhours

• Trident ProjectTrident Project– ~ 580 manhours~ 580 manhours

Total student involvement Total student involvement has been about 1700 has been about 1700 manhours!manhours!


Slide 4

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

• Eight student projects by eight Eight student projects by eight students ranging from materials to students ranging from materials to CFD.CFD.

• Prof. Miller will present seven (in Prof. Miller will present seven (in eighteen minutes!)eighteen minutes!)

• Midn. Silverberg will present his Midn. Silverberg will present his (~10 minutes)(~10 minutes)


Slide 5

Incline Experiment, Full-Scale Incline Experiment, Full-Scale Resistance and VPPResistance and VPP

• Researcher: Aaron Researcher: Aaron DeMeyerDeMeyer

• Goals: Establish Goals: Establish baseline stability baseline stability and resistance data and resistance data and develop a VPP and develop a VPP tool for future tool for future research.research.


Slide 6

Full-Scale InclineFull-Scale Incline

• Incline experiment Incline experiment at full-load (vs IMS) at full-load (vs IMS) CSNTS conditionCSNTS condition– More stores, More stores,

equipment, sparesequipment, spares

• Two digital Two digital inclinometersinclinometers

• 8500 pounds8500 pounds• Righting moment Righting moment

decreased 1.2%decreased 1.2%

Incline Experiment for Navy 44Regression

y = 1687.7x

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Degrees of heel

Rig

hti

ng

Mo

me

nt

(ft-

lb)

Uncorrected (for added weight) Righting Moment


Slide 7

Full-Scale ResistanceFull-Scale Resistance

Resistance Curves (Raw Data)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Boat Speed (knots)

Re

sis

tan

ce

(lb

)

Prop Aligned VPP Estimate

VPP (updated) Trend (prop aligned)

VPP provided by Chris Todter- Initial used parametric drag prediction- Updated included strut, shaft, prop, paint and biofouling factors


Slide 8

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project• Researchers: Mark Researchers: Mark

Arvidson, Peter Arvidson, Peter Firenze, Cecily Firenze, Cecily TaylorTaylor

• Goal: Develop a Goal: Develop a preliminary design preliminary design of a new Navy 44 of a new Navy 44 using the same using the same constraints as the constraints as the current vesselcurrent vessel

X-452

Frers 41

J44

C&C 39

J46 Defiance 44

Sweden 390

Swan 44 Mk II

Navy 44

Baltic 40

Hallberg-Rassy 46

30

35

40

45

50

55

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

D/L

LO

A (f

t)

1982-1990 1990-Present

Navy 44Defiance 44

Swan 44 Mk II

Sweden 390

Hallberg-Rassy 46

Baltic 40

J46

30

35

40

45

50

55

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

SA/D ratio

LO

A (

ft)

1982-1990 1990-Present


Slide 9

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project• All design aspects evaluated and All design aspects evaluated and

discussed with outside designersdiscussed with outside designers• VPP used to improve VPP used to improve

performance incrementallyperformance incrementallyM&R "Mk 2" Mid 44

preliminary

LOA (ft) 43.9 44.0 44.0LWL (ft) 34.2 36.8 38.4Beam (ft) 12.4 12.4 12.4Draft (ft) 7.25 7.42 7.42Disp (lb) 28,600 27,700 24,200Sail Area (sq ft) 1017 1080 1017Disp-Length ratio 320.3 249.1 190.8SA-Disp ratio 17.4 18.8 19.4LPS (deg) 129 130 143


Slide 10

Capstone Design CourseCapstone Design Course


Slide 11

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5

Speed (knots)

Res

ista

nce

(lb

)

M&R44 up MID44 up M&R44 dn MID44 dn Luders dn

All the designs had roughly the same drag at 6.5 knots boat speed upright. (S/L ratio of 1.1)The biggest differences were seen at higher speeds (winds greater than 10 knots).


Slide 12

Laminate UpgradeLaminate Upgrade

• Researcher: Mark ArvidsonResearcher: Mark Arvidson

• Goals: Determine the hull laminate with Goals: Determine the hull laminate with the best combination of toughness, the best combination of toughness, cost, stiffness and strengthcost, stiffness and strength

• Approach:Approach:– Laminate analysis programsLaminate analysis programs– Coupon and panel testsCoupon and panel tests– Impact testsImpact tests


Slide 13

Laminate SelectionLaminate Selection

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

Position (in)

Lo

ad

(lb

s)

Vinyl Ester

4200 Epoxy

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 L1 L2 L3 L4 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 Test Laminates

No

rmal

ized

Yie

ld/W

eig

ht

Rat

ios


Slide 14

Laminate SelectionLaminate Selection


Slide 15

Alternate Wood LaminateAlternate Wood Laminate

• Researcher: Kent SimodynesResearcher: Kent Simodynes

• Goals: Using ABS, Navy and other Goals: Using ABS, Navy and other analysis methods determine an analysis methods determine an alternate wood laminate for the Navy 44alternate wood laminate for the Navy 44

• Approach: Analysis, coupon and panel Approach: Analysis, coupon and panel teststests


Slide 16

Alternate Wood LaminateAlternate Wood Laminate• All three methods All three methods

agreed with test agreed with test results for Carvel results for Carvel plankingplanking

• Cold-molded Cold-molded were 160-205% were 160-205% stronger than stronger than ABS and Navy, ABS and Navy, 77-120% for 77-120% for CLT/Tsai-WuCLT/Tsai-Wu

Specific Flex Strength vs. Material

We

t M

ah

og D

ry M

ah

og

C-M

ah

og

O-G

lass

C-M

ah

og

O-E

po

xy

C-W

RC

O-M

ah

og

(G

)

C-W

RC

O-O

ak

(G)

C-W

RC

O-G

lass

C-W

RC

O-O

ak

C-B

als

a O

-Ma

ho

g

C-B

als

a O

-At.

Ce

da

r

C-D

ou

g F

ir O

-Gla

ss

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Material Type

Sp

eci

fic

Fle

x S

tre

ng

th (

psi

)

25237

11305

23697

20279 20287

25960

21611

17580

11837

26550

28550268550

Using the same FOS, wood would be about 400 pounds (2%) heavier...


Slide 17

Keel Section and ShapeKeel Section and Shape• Researcher: Aaron DeMeyerResearcher: Aaron DeMeyer• Goals: Improve the performance of the new Goals: Improve the performance of the new

boat through keel planform, section and VCG boat through keel planform, section and VCG placement and structural modifications.placement and structural modifications.

• Approach: VPP, tank testing, CFD (with help Approach: VPP, tank testing, CFD (with help from Paul Bogataj)from Paul Bogataj)

• Solution: J5013 with 5% area reduction and Solution: J5013 with 5% area reduction and 6” lower VCG yielded an average 8% lower 6” lower VCG yielded an average 8% lower keel drag for an Olympic course at 6, 12, 20 keel drag for an Olympic course at 6, 12, 20 knots wind speed. 0-8 sec/mi improvement. knots wind speed. 0-8 sec/mi improvement.


Slide 18

Grounding ComparisonGrounding Comparison

• Researcher: Adam DriessenResearcher: Adam Driessen

• Goals: Determine if IMS-style bulb Goals: Determine if IMS-style bulb influences grounding (and influences grounding (and ungrounding) characteristicsungrounding) characteristics

• Approach: Gravity towed tank testing in Approach: Gravity towed tank testing in Coastal Lab 2-D beach tankCoastal Lab 2-D beach tank


Slide 19


Set up – 2 Hull/Keel Models; Constant Force, Not Constant Speed


Slide 20



Slide 21


Velocity Avg Force COV(kts) (lbs)

MR44 6.88 1.87 8.6%MID44 7.43 2.01 8.2%MR44 3.33 0.92 19.1%MID44 3.4 0.56 18.0%

Slope = 1:8

Velocity Avg Force COV(kts) (lbs)

MR44 6.88 2.14 8.9%MID44 7.43 2.14 16.1%MR44 3.33 0.95 15.5%MID44 3.4 0.91 21.5%

Slope = 1:12

Pull off force less for bulb twice, once for fin, once was equal.


Slide 22

Rudder Design ComparisonRudder Design Comparison

• Researcher: Ted HuebnerResearcher: Ted Huebner

• Goals: Determine relative performance Goals: Determine relative performance in a sail training environment of spade in a sail training environment of spade and skeg rudders.and skeg rudders.

• Approach: Full scale and tank testing Approach: Full scale and tank testing (resistance and tactical diameter)(resistance and tactical diameter)


Slide 23

Rudder Design ComaparisonRudder Design Comaparison

Condition RadiusBoat Lengths

Full scale 1.63

Old Hull Existing Rudder 1.39Old Hull Elliptical Spade 1.24

Old Hull Big Spade 1.22Old Hull Elliptical Skeg 1.22

New Hull Existing Rudder 1.89New Hull Elliptical Spade 1.35

New Hull Big Spade 1.22New Hull Elliptical Skeg 1.22


Slide 24



Slide 25


0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3Cl

Cd

trap skeg ellip spade trap spade ellip skeg

Poly. (ellip skeg) Poly. (trap spade) Poly. (ellip spade) Poly. (trap skeg)

16 th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium Slide 1 Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training...

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