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Transcript of 13th Kassel Symposium Energy Systems Technology – … · 1 08-2008 E T PS SL/Re Power...
1 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re1 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re08-2008
13th Kassel Symposium Energy Systems Technology – Power Converters in Grids, September 18-19, 2008, ISET Kassel, Germany
Dietmar Retzmann
FACTS Technologies – Basics and Applications
FACTS Technologien – Prinzipen und Anwendungen
Energy Sector
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Gon Power Markets
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lobal Trends
08-2008
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Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society …
… today and in Future
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Greenland Melt-Down has accelerated –
Sea-Level Rise from Ice-Melting and thermal Expansion: 1961-2003: +18 +/-5 cm per 100 Years 1993-2003: +31 +/-8 cm per 100 Years
Source: Gregory et al., Nature (2004)
Possible Maximum Value as Worst-CaseBusiness-As-Usual Scenario
Source: "An End to Global Warming“, L.O. Williams,Elsevier 2002
Accelerated Greenland Melt-Down North of Germany after Sea-Level Rise by 100 m
Pictures of the Future ?
5 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re5 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS MT/Re
ecurity
ask 1
of Power Supply08-2008
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Power System Enhancement
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Security of Power Supply
and Blackout Prevention
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Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”
System Enhancement necessary !
Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”
The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows
Problems only in thesynchronously interconnected Systems
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout
PTD7777
E T PS MT/Re
08-2008
8 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Elimination of Bottlenecks in Transmission –Prevention of Overloads and Outages
Load Displacement by Series Compensation
Load Management by HVDC
Short-Circuit Current Limitation for connecting new Power Plants
SVC & HVDC for Voltage Collapse Prevention
8888
E T PS SL/Re
08-2008 * PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
The FACTS & HVDC “Application Guide”
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Power Transmission – The basic Equation
VV11 VV22
VV11 VV22
Parallel Compensation
XX
XX
Series Compensation
sin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)
Power-Flow Control
PP
PP ==
G ~ G ~
,, δ 2,, δ 1
Power Transmission DivisionPower Transmission Division99
E T PS SL/Re
08-2008 E T PS SL/Re08-2008
FACTS
HVDC
Each of these Parameters can be used for Load-Flow Control and Power Oscillation Damping
10 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re10 08-2008 E T PS SL/Re
Use ofUse of
FACTSFACTSfor for SystemSystemEnhancementEnhancement
Power Transmission Division
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
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Voltage Control
Parallel Compensation
Power-Flow Control
P P
Section of a Transmission Line
C >C >VV
VV
Series Compensation
C <C <
L L >>~ 1/X1/X
L L <<
XX
Tasks of Reactive Power Compensation
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VL
V1V2
δ
PPVV11
XXG ~ G ~
,, δ1II
VV22,, δ2
where VV11 = VV22 , δ = δ1 - δ2
V V 22
XXPP == sinsin δ
VC
without Compensation
-- XXCC
Series Compensation
BenefitsReduction in Transmission AngleIncrease in Transmission Capacity
XXCC
1st Step: Influence of Series Compensation
V1 V2
δ
with Compensation
13 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
FACTS – Application of Series Compensation
TCSCTCSC//TPSCTPSC FSCFSCα
~ ~
Increase in Transmission Capacity
Fixed Series Compensation:
Damping of Power OscillationsLoad-Flow ControlMitigation of SSR
Controlled Series Compensation:
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230 kV - 300 km
V1
Grid
with SVC
a) b) c) d)1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
V2
V2N
The maximal Voltage ControlRange depends on:
a) Heavy Load
b) Light Load
c) Outage of 1 Line(at full Load)
d) Load Rejectionat Bus 2
System Conditions:
SVC
V2
Load
(var. Slope)
QSVC/SCP *
without SVC
* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)
2nd Step: Improvement in Voltage Profile with SVC
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Option:Option: 12-Pulse TCRwith Trans. Y/y/dplus TSC & Filteron each sec. Side
TCR, FC TSR, TSCTCR, TSC, FC
Thyristor ControlledReactor
Thyristor Switched Capacitor
TSC:
TCR:
TSR:Thyristor Switched Reactor
FC:Fixed Capacitor /Filter
SVC Configurations
16 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re16 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
ask 2
of Power Supply08-2008
ustainability
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SVC Radsted DK – makes Wind Power feasible …
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… by providing Voltage Support –
More Wind Power – less CO2 Emissions
for the “fuzzy” Wind Farms2006installed in a very weak AC System
08-2008
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Benefits of SVC Radsted – Denmark
Power Transmission Division18
174,000 tons p.a. – by using Wind Power … and SVC for Voltage Support
Reduction in CO2
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and even more – in Future
08-2008
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SVC Siems – the 1st HV SVC in Germany
2004The Problem: no Right-of-Way for 400 kV ACGrid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC – only 110 kV
HVDC: Power Reduction from 600 MW to 450 MW
The Solution
HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation
HVDC: Power Increase – from 450 MW to 600 MW
634,000 tons p.a.
Reduction in CO2:
More Hydro Power fromNORDEL to Germany
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Flexible AC Transmission Systems
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FACTSFACTSPower Quality
in High-Voltage
AC Systems
Power Transmission Division
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FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Support of Power FlowSVC – Static Var Compensator* (The Standard of Shunt Compensation)SVC PLUS (= STATCOM – Static Synchr. Compensator, with VSC) FSC – Fixed Series Compensation TCSC – Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation*TPSC – Thyristor Protected Series Compensation**GPFC – Grid Power Flow Controller* (FACTS-B2B)UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller (with VSC)
TCSC/TPSC
FSC
ACAC
/ TPSC
/ STATCOMSVC
ACAC
Advanced Power Transmission Systems
GPFC/UPFC
AC AC
/ UPFC
* with LT Thyristors** with special High
Power LT Thyristors
and SCCL **for Short-Circuit Current Limitation
LTT = Light-Triggered Thyristor
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Application of SVC – Pelham, UK
Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability
400 kV, 50 Hz
Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)
19912 parallel SVCs
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Features:o Coordinated Voltage Control &o Damping of Power Oscillations
2 SVCs Mead-Adelanto – USA, 1995
HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation
2323
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08-2008
Benefits:
Increase in Transmission Capacity
Improvement in System Stability
Support of existing HVDC
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SVC Bom Jesus da Lapa, Enelpower, Brazil500 kV, +/-250 MVAr
Valves & Control
Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stabilityo Avoidance of Outages
– Containerized Solution
2002
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SVC Radsted – an innovative indoor Solution *
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HVDC Storebælt
Customer:SEAS-NVE Holding A/S
System Data:Rating 80 MVAr cap.
65 MVAr ind.Voltage 132 kVConfiguration TCR + FC
12-Pulse
* Extremely high Requirements for Noise Abatement
SVC Radsted
08-2008
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Outdoor: Only Switchgear
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& Cooling Systems
08-2008
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TCR Reactors, Thyristor Valve & Filters
Power Transmission and Distribution27 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re27 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re
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SVC Devers, Southern California Edison, USA, 500 kV: 110 MVAr ind. / 330 MVAr cap. – 440 MVAr cap. 1 hr
2006
Guaranteed Availability: 99,6 %2 x TCR, 2 x TSC, 2 x FC & MSC
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Powerlink – Australia, Refurbishment of 10 SVCs for Voltage Support in a Traction Supply Network
2007
9 SVCs with Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution1 SVC with Standard Refurbishment Solution
Railway Line
275 kV AC Line132 kV AC Line
Siemens is an Expert in Refurbishment of Valves & Controls
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9 QR SVCs – using the Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution
A unique Solution – for very fast Re-Energization of the existing SVC Components (Transformers, Reactors, Capacitors, Filters etc.
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After 48 hrs – Step 1 finished and all SVC Functions available
Work is done –and the SVC operates properly
Step 2:
4 Weeks for full Refurbishment of Valves, Controls & Protection in the SVC Building
Step 3:
48 hrs for Disconnection of SVC Container and Energization of the fully refurbished QR SVC
Container ready fornext QR SVC Plant
Excellent Workof a great Team
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The containerized SVC PLUS Solution
32 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re08-2008
2009 - 2011
Source: UCTE Interim Report 10-27-2003Rating: 25 MVAr, 35 MVAr – or 50 MVAr
Seven Projects:
Dynamic Voltage Support
33 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/RePoste Montagnais, Canada – FSC
1993
FACTS – at EHV 735 kV plus harsh Environment
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- 50 o C
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* 25 US $/MWh x 1400 MW x 24 hrs
1999
500 kV TCSC Serra da Mesa, Furnas/Brazil –Essential for Transmission
Benefits:50 – 70 % Increase inTransmission CapacitySystem Stability Improvement
Up to 500 Stability Operations per Dayfor saving the System Stability
Up to 1 m US $ Cost Savings per Day *
Application of
Return on Investmentswithin a few Weeks only !
new Technologies:
> + 60 o C
up to 85 o
35 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
FSC Fengjie, China: 500 kV
35 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re08-2008
36 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Tala TCSC Project:Bulk Hydro Power from Bhutan to Delhi Area
Safe andClean Energy for Mega-cities
2 x FSCs: Increase in Transmission Capacity2 x TCSCs: Power Oscillation Damping
475 km
Hydro Power from Purnea to Delhi Area
World’s Biggest FACTS Project forSeries Compensation
2 x 1.7 GVAr !
2006
37 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
SeriesFSC
NGH
TPSC
TCSC
2, 2 Tian Guang 2003Kayenta 1992
Serra de Mesa 1999
Imperatriz 1999
Fortaleza 1986••
•
•
Samambaia 2002
•
Virginia Smith 1988
•Welsh 1995
•
Acaray 1981
•••Dürnrohr 1983
Etzenricht 1993Wien Südost 1993
•
Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002
•
Limpio 2003
•
Ibiuna 2002
••
Jacinto 2000
Funil 2001
2 Pelham, 2 Harker & 2 Central, 1991-1994
•
Clapham 1995,Refurbishment
•
Atacama 1999
•
P. Dutra 1997
•Cerro Gordo 1999
•Chinú 1998
•Impala
•2 Adelanto 1995
•
•3 Montagnais 1993
•
2 Kemps Creek 1989
•Brushy Hill 1988
•
•
Campina Grande 2000
2 Zem Zem 1983
•
••
•
•
Rejsby Hede 1997
•Sullivan 1995
•Paul Sweet 1998
•
Inez 1998
•
2 Marcy 2001-2003
Military Highway 2000
•Kanjin (Korea) 2002
•
Lugo 1985
Laredo 2000
•
Spring Valley 1986
••IllovoAthene•
Muldersvlei 1997
•
2 Tecali 20023 Juile 2002
•Barberton 2003
•
Maputo 2003
Milagres 1988
• 2 Yangcheng 2000
•2 Hechi 2003
•
•
Eddy County 1992
2 Dominion 2003
2 Cuddapah 20032 Gooty 2003
•
2 Midway 2004
Seguin 1998•
1994-1995
Porter 2006Dayton 2006
Nine Mile 2005
ParallelSVC
MSC/R
.
.Moyle MSC 2003Willington 1997
2 Hoya Morena &Jijona 2004
Baish 2005Samitah 2006 .
K.I. North 2004
Kapal 1994
Ghusais,Hamria,Mankhool, Satwa
1997
.
Siems 2004
Cano Limón 1997
•
•••
••• Châteauguay 1984
Ahafo 2006•
•
2 Lucknow 2006
•
3 Puti 2005
• Shinyanga 2006 Iringa 2006
3, 2 El Dorado2006
•
•
• 2 Sabah 2006
Nebo 2007, Refurbishment
Devers 2006
2 Benejama &Saladas 2006
La Pila 1999
•
•• •• ••
Jember 1994
•Nopala 2007
•
•
Sa o Luis 2007
Sinop 2007
2 Fengjie 2006•
Status: 08-2008
••
Strathmore 2007
2 x 1.7 GVAr !
… and over 120 Industry SVCs all over the World
5 North-South III, Lot B 2007
•
••
••
Siemens FACTS & HVDC - worldwide
E T PS SL/Re
37
In total: over 180 SVCs
••
•
2 Greenbank & Southpine 2008
Trans Bay Cable2010
•
Alligator Creek 2009
9 Powerlink 2007, Refurbishment
•
Buzwagi 2007Dodoma 2008
Lamar 2005
Radsted 20062 Bellaire & Crosby 2008 2 Thannet, 3 Greater Gabbard 2009-2011
SVC PLUS
20062, 2 Purnea2, 2 Gorakhpur
Islington, 20092 Kikiwa &
STATCOMFlicker STATCOM
Load FlowB2B/GPFC
HVDC PLUS
UPFCCSC
19 x VSC
Plus 24 Projects for HVDC Long-Distance Transmission …8 alone between 2000 &2005 on 4 Continents
3 Vincent 2000
•
Lakehead 2009
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Lessons learned:FACTS and HVDC areessential for Transmission
38 E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division08-2008
Conclusions