131210 CHIP Holiday Guide WEB

High Impact Year-End Giving

The Center for High Impact Phi lanthropySchool of Socia l Pol icy & Pract ice | Univers i t y of PennsylvaniaI n c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h a l um n i f r o m t h e W h a r t o n S c h o o l

2013

THE CENTER FOR HIGH IMPACT PHILANTHROPYii

HIGH IMPACT HOLIDAY GIV ING iii

3 T I PS TO TURN YEAR-END G IV ING INTO YEAR-ROUND IMPACT

Around the world, the end of the year marks a time of ref lection, celebration, and giving. In the United States alone, roughly 25% of philanthropic giving will happen between Thanksgiving and New Years. Here are three simple tips to make sure your gifts actually make a difference.

1. START WITH IMPACT. High impact philanthropy starts with asking, What is the philanthropic goal of this donation? That goal could be feeding the hungry, teaching kids to read, preventing child deaths from malaria, or any number of other worthy causes. The trick is to first identify the social impact you seek, and then understand how a donation makes progress towards that impact. Without that clarity, it can be easy to support programs that dont directlyor effectivelytackle the problem you seek to solve.

2. THINK BANG FOR BUCK. Once you know what youre trying to achieve, understand what it might cost to achieve that goal. For example, it can cost less than $40 to feed a family of four for a week through a food bank, $150 to save a newborns life, and $600 to ensure an at-risk student in the U.S. reads at grade level. Another way to think of bang for buck compares costs with societal benefits: For every $1 spent on a nurse-visitation program, as a society we receive over $5 back from improved health, education and employment outcomes. Note that bang-for-buck is not about the percent spent on administrative costs also known as overhead ratios. Its about what the organization achieves with the money it spends. The important question is not, What does this nonprofit spend on administrative costs? but What is its cost-per-impact?

3. A LITTLE RESEARCH GOES A LONG WAY. In addition to the seven opportunities outlined in this guide, youll find many free resources available on our website that can help you do more good. Weve developed topic-specific guidance in areas such as education, child survival, disaster relief, and more. We also provide materials to help donors think about high-impact approaches no matter what the topicfor instance, how do you define impact? And how do you engage with your grantees to maximize positive impact?

By focusing on impact, thinking bang for buck, and doing a little research, donors can make sure that this annual f lood of year-end giving ref lects more than generosity and good intentions. It can mark the start of year-round impact.

7 H IGH IMPACT OPPORTUN IT I ES

1. Save newborn lives with home-based care packages

2. Revitalize urban neighborhoods by greening and cleaning

3. Create a path to a living wage for disconnected youth

4. Provide emergency food for hungry families

5. Start children strong through in-home nurse visitation

6. Improve child health through the power of peer moms

7. Ensure children succeed by building communities in schools

LIST OF NONPROFITS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND RESOURCES MENTIONED: PAGES 9-10

HIGH IMPACT HOLIDAY GIV ING 1

TAKE ACTION: You can find more information and ways to support SEARCHs work on their website or through the US-based 501c3, Indians for Collective Action. Other organizations that have similar programs include John Snow International, serving Nepal; BRAC International, serving Bangladesh; and Save the Childrens Saving Newborn Lives Initiative, working internationally.

TIPS: For new programs, organizations already serving mothers and children may be best positioned to add home-based newborn care, since they serve the same target population.

For additional tips, information, and references, see our case study on home-based newborn care and our Global Childrens Health toolkit.

For all of CHIPs profiles of high impact giving opportunities in 2013, see http://www.impact.upenn.edu/about/year-end-giving.

THE IDEA: Home-Based Newborn Care (HBNC) programs provide basic care for mothers and babies through home visits. These packages include straightforward practices such as using sterile blades to cut umbilical cords, teaching the importance of immediate breastfeeding, and promoting skin-to-skin contact to keep babies warm. Village health workers (VHWs) deliver HBNC to vulnerable families at the local level, reaching communities that lack access to medi-cal facilities.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH) trains local women as VHWs in rural India. VHWs visit expectant moth-ers in their homes, promoting good nutrition, preparation for delivery, breastfeeding, cleanli-ness, and newborn care. The VHWs also receive a basic medical kit including antibiotics and materials to keep low birth weight infants warm.

RESULTS: During an eight-year evaluation, the rate of newborn deaths declined 70% in SEARCH villages in comparison to control villages; newborns in SEARCH villages were significantly less likely to die from low birth weight, premature birth, infection, or trouble breathing after the intervention.

COST PER IMPACT: The cost to serve one newborn and mother is approximately $7, and the cost per newborn life saved is approximately $150.

THE PROBLEM: Around the world, more than three million newborns die every yearthats over 8,000 each day. Many of these deaths are preventable with simple, proven, and cost-effective interventions.

S AV E N E W B O R N L I V E S W I T H H O M E - B A S E D C A R E PA C K A G E S

THE CENTER FOR HIGH IMPACT PHILANTHROPY2

R E V I TA L I Z E U R B A N N E I G H B O R H O O D S B Y G R E E N I N G A N D C L E A N I N G

THE IDEA: Community-based programs turn vacant lots into assets by clearing trash, planting appropriate greenery, and providing maintenance. As a result, neighborhoods are stabilized, crime is reduced, and home values increase.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: The Pennsylvania Horticultural Societys (PHS) Philadelphia LandCare Program works with community-based organizations and city agencies to transform Philadelphias vacant land into neighborhood assets via simple landscaping and maintenance, including removing trash, adding fences, and planting to create a park-like setting. These changes signal that the property is cared for, rather than abandoned.

RESULTS: With more than 10 million square feet greened in Philadelphia, the PHS LandCare program has been well documented in its program benefits of improved safety and neighborhood stability.

COST PER IMPACT: For approximately $1,100 (the average PHS cost to clean and green and maintain a lot for a year), one recent study found gun-related crimes were down approximately 7% around those greened lots, as well as positive neighborhood outcomes related to health and safety. Other studies have found approximately 17% and higher increases in value for properties adjacent to vacant lots that had been cleaned and greened.

TAKE ACTION: Contact PHS via their website or find other examples within your local community at Centers for Community Progress.

TIPS: Areas with the highest impact potential include sites near transit corridors, schools, or alongside other community development efforts that can amplify the impact. Once cleaned, these sites also provide philanthropic opportunities for community gardens, which may generate thousands of pounds of produce each year for the local community.

THE PROBLEM: Urban vacant lots attract litter and illegal dumping, function as a breeding ground for pests, degrade the quality of life for community residents, provide a haven for il-legal activitiesand comprise more than a fifth of the land area in many post-industrial U.S cities.

For additional tips and information, see the Centers Food Funder Compass and blog, which feature more information about this approach.



TAKE ACTION: You can support Year Up financially by making a donation, or in your community by becoming a volunteer mentor or providing internship opportunities. You can also consider other evidence-based programs working with the disconnected youth population, such as Job Corps, Youth Build, Service and Conservation Corps, and the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe program.

TIPS: Look for programs that emphasize a living wage, provide comprehensive support to help participants complete the program, and have clear connections between skills training options and likely future employment opportunities.

For additional tips and information on ways to help youth access opportunities, see the Centers Pathways to Student Success report.


C R E AT E A PAT H T O A L I V I N G WA G E F O R D I S C O N N E C T E D Y O U T H

THE IDEA: Work experience and continuing education options for unemployed youth can help them meet the needs of todays job market and earn a living wage. This creates a positive im-pact for youth, for the businesses that hire them, and for the economy as a whole.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: Year Up works with low-income high school graduates ages 18-24 and is active in 11 cities nationwide. The program provides work-force readiness and skills training while partnering with leading corporations to provide work opportunities for students.

RESULTS: Of students who start the program, 70% complete it. 100% of students who complete the first phase of the program are placed into internships, and 84% of graduates are either employed or attending college full time within four months of program comple-tion. The current average starting salary for Year Up graduates is $15 per hour, equivalent to $30,000 per year.

COST PER IMPACT: For a philanthropic cost of approximately $26,127 per successful stu-dent, Year Up participants are employed at salaries on average 30% higher than non-program peers. By contrast, a 2012 study estimated the annual cost to society of a discon-nected youth to be $14,000 in lost revenue and expenses.

THE PROBLEM: More than one in ten young adults in the United States (almost six million) are currently unemployed and not in school. Employers are seeking employees with advanced skills and post-secondary education, but many job-seeking youth lack the skills and education needed.


P R O V I D E E M E R G E N C Y F O O D F O R H U N G R Y FA M I L I E S

THE PROBLEM: Historically high rates of unemployment and lack of access to affordable medi-cal services have left families increasingly unable to meet that most fundamental need: food. In 2012, 49 million people, including 16 million children, found it difficult or impossible to access enough food for an adequate diet.

THE IDEA: Food banks can dramatically decrease the number of hungry families. How? Unlike individual consumers, food banks can leverage national and local partnerships across the food supply chain, securing food at costs well below retail prices. For example, food banks can ac-cess food for 10 20 cents per pound compared to the $2.00+ it can cost a donor to buy the same food at retail.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: The Feeding America food bank network provides food more cost-effectively than conventional food drives, using donations and surplus food to feed hun-gry families in communities across the country.

RESULTS: Feeding America is annually providing food to 37 million Americans, includ-ing 14 million children and nearly 3 million seniors.

COST PER IMPACT: Through the network of food banks, Feeding America can help pro-vide meals for a family of four for as little as $10 - $40 per week. The USDA estimates the retail cost of feeding that family at $147 - $241 or more for a week of healthy meals, depending on the mix of items purchased.

TAKE ACTION: Visit Feeding Americas website to make a donation and learn about other opportunities to address hunger. The websites homepage has a food bank locater simply enter your zip code or state to find your local food bank and other emergency food providers.

TIPS: Look especially for organizations that work to improve peoples access to food through services like mobile pantries, telephone hotlines, and multiple distribution sites. Most food banks now offer healthy food options, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products, and meats and other proteins.

For more examples and tips, see our guide High Impact Philanthropy in the Downturn, pages 29-31. For donors interested in other food-related social impacts besides hunger, see our Food Funder Compass.



S TA R T C H I L D R E N S T R O N G T H R O U G H I N - H O M E N U R S E V I S I TAT I O N

THE PROBLEM: Children who do not have enough healthy food, good health care, and oppor-tunities to learn face obstacles that put them at risk throughout their lives. Supporting these children and their parents can have huge payoffs in preventing illness, improving education outcomes, and averting future costs to society.

THE IDEA: Help first-time parents succeed and give children a strong start in life by support-ing nurse home visitation programs for low-income mothers pregnant with their first child. Nurses provide in-home counseling about healthy pregnancy practices, childcare, and planning for future pregnancies, education, and employment.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: Operating in 43 states, the U.S. Virgin Islands and six tribal communities the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) matches a registered nurse with a low-income expectant mom starting from early pregnancy through the childs second birthday.

RESULTS: NFP has demonstrated a 48% decrease in child abuse and neglect, a 67% reduc-tion in childrens behavioral and intellectual problems at age six, and an 83% increase in the mothers labor force participation.

COST PER IMPACT: A cost-benefit analysis found that the program returned $5.70 for each dollar invested to help the neediest families. This means that for every high-risk family served, society saw $34,148 of net benefits from increased tax revenues and reductions in the costs of crime, welfare, and other such expenses.

TAKE ACTION: Use this online mapping tool to locate current NFP programs and their local implementing partners. To find other home visitation and outreach programs in your area, contact your local communi-ty health center or public health department, which can identify good local nonprofits.

TIPS: Trust is essential in serving vulnerable families in their homes. Some communities view nurses as a particularly credible source of information. Knowledge of the local culture allows home visitors to communicate health messages effectively. The best programs often train and employ members of the community as part of their outreach teams.

For more information on this model and our analysis of this philanthropic opportunity, see pages 20-22 of High Impact Philanthropy in the Downturn.



TAKE ACTION: Donating to Care Group programs can strengthen womens community roles and save childrens lives. You can find links online to Food for the Hungry, Core Group, World Relief, and many other groups that are using the Care Group model.

TIPS: For a quick reference guide in assessing whether or not programs incorporate the Care Group model, download the Care Group Minimum Criteria Reviewer Checklist.

For additional tips, information, and references, see our case study on care groups and our Global Childrens Health toolkit.


I M P R O V E C H I L D H E A LT H T H R O U G H T H E P O W E R O F P E E R M O M S

THE IDEA: The Care Group model is a peer-based health promotion program that works to im-prove health behaviors in low-resource communities. Care Groups mobilize mothers and local leaders to circulate essential practices for good hygiene, nutrition, and childcare, demonstrat-ing that high-impact solutions to childhood malnutrition and illness can be simple, low-cost, and community-derived.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: Food for the Hungrys Child Survival Program in Mozambique improves child nutrition and health through its use of the Care Group model. Each Care Group, made up of 10-15 volunteer women, meets on a biweekly basis with a paid health pro-moter for lessons covering health topics such as nutrition, water treatment, and sanitation. Each Care Group member then meets and shares information with her own cohort of 10-15 beneficiary mothers, relaying health information in a culturally sensitive way.

RESULTS: Over a five-year period, FHs Care Group program in Mozambique reduced under-five mortality by an estimated 30% and reduced child malnutrition by 38%. It was estimated that the project saved over 5,000 childrens lives. In addition, over 60% of the volunteer mothers reported being more respected by their husbands and community leaders.

COST PER IMPACT: The estimated cost to serve one mother is approximately $3, and the estimated cost per childs life saved is in the range of $440-$660.

THE PROBLEM: Undernutrition is the single largest contributor to childhood illness and death. Poor nutrition early in life can permanently affect a childs ability to learn, grow, and provide for his or her family in the future.


E N S U R E C H I L D R E N S U C C E E D B Y B U I L D I N G C O M M U N I T I E S I N S C H O O L S

THE PROBLEM: More than 7 million young people are at risk of dropping out of school each year. Children face challenges in and out of the classroom, and it is often difficult for families to secure the public and private services that could help young people stay in school and on track to graduate.

THE IDEA: Integrating student services inside schools helps young people access the support they need. Coordination is provided by a school-based staff member who aligns and helps ac-cess services so that students can focus on learning.

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY: Communities In Schools (CIS) places a site coordinator inside partner schools to assess needs; identify students at risk of dropping out; and establish re-lationships with local businesses, social services, health care providers, and others. At each school, CIS helps connect all students to academic opportunities and other resources, while providing case-management services for students at high risk of drop-out. With this model, CISs nearly 200 affiliates serve 1.25 million young people across the U.S.

RESULTS: A 2010 evaluation found a 36% reduction in drop-out rates and a 31% increase in on-time graduation as compared to matched comparable schools. Among case-managed students, the study found a 70% decrease in drop-out rates, 45% increase in attendance, and a 38% increase in grade point average and number of credits earned in 9th grade.

COST PER IMPACT: The CIS model costs approximately $9,000 per school, per year, to achieve a 36% decrease in schoolwide drop-out rates.

TAKE ACTION: You can support CIS through finan-cial donations or as a volunteer. You can also sup-port other evidence-based drop-out prevention models, such as ALAS, Check and Connect, and Career Academies.

TIPS: Because dropout is a problem that often has both academic and non-academic components, look for models that address a range of student needs, including social and emotional support and academic engagement.

For more information on this model and other ways to help students succeed, see our Pathways to Student Success report.


L IST OF NONPROFITS , ORGANIZATIONS, AND RESOURCES MENTIONED

HIGH IMPACT OPPORTUNITY EXAMPLE ORGANIZATION WHERE TO LEARN MORE

1. Save newborn lives with home-based care

Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH)www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/partner/society-education-action-and-research-community-health-search

Indians for Collective Actionwww.icaonline.org/John Snow Internationalwww.jsi.com/JSIInternet/BRAC Internationalwww.brac.net/content/brac-international-programmesSave the Childrens Saving Newborn Lives Initiativewww.savethechildren.org/health/newborns/index.asp

2. Make neighborhoods safe and strong by creating green spaces

PHS Philadelphia LandCare Programwww.phsonline.org/greening/landcare-program

Centers for Community Progresswww.communityprogress.net/

3. Help low-income youth earn a living wage with workforce readiness training

Year Upwww.yearup.org/

Job Corpswww.jobcorps.gov/YouthBuildhttps://youthbuild.org/Service and Conservation Corpswww.nascc.org/National Guard Youth ChalleNGe www.ngyf.org/challenge

4. Provide emergency food for hungry families

Feeding Americawww.feedingamerica.org/

Feeding America (National Search)www.feedingamerica.org/foodbank-results.aspx

5. Give children a strong start in life

Nurse-Family Partnershipwww.nursefamilypartnership.org

Find a Local Community Health Centerwww.findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/Search_HCC.aspx?byCounty=1

6. Improve the health and nutrition of the poorest children through community learning

Food for the Hungrys Child Survival Programwww.fh.org/work/transformation

Care Group modelwww.caregroupinfo.org/blog/implementers

7. Help children succeed in life by strengthening school communities

Communities in Schoolswww.communitiesinschools.org/

ALASwww.raiseinspiredkids.comCheck and Connectwww.checkandconnect.umn.eduCareer Academieswww.casn.berkeley.edu


The Center for High Impact Phi lanthropySchool of Socia l Pol icy & Pract ice | Univers i t y of Pennsylvania

Kate Barret t , Kather ine Hovde, Zehua Li Hahn, Kather ina Rosqueta

High Impact Philanthropy to Improve Teaching

QualityFocus on High-Need Secondary Students

Winter 201 1

Special Repor t

Haiti: How Can I Help?Models for Donors Seeking Long-Term Impact


Health Livelihoods Education

June 2010


Hi lar y J. Rhodes, Kathleen Noonan, Kather ina Rosqueta

Pathways to Student SuccessA Guide to Translating Good Intentions into Meaningful Impact

December 2008

U.S. Domestic: Improving Student Outcomes

International Health, Livelihoods and Education: Haiti

U.S. Domestic:Food Funder Compass

Cross-Cutting Research: Measuring and Managing to

Impact

L IST OF OUR GUIDES AND REPORTS MENTIONED

International Health:Child Survival Toolkit

High Impact Philanthropy in the DownturnFocus on Housing, Health, and Hunger: A Guide for Donors


November 2009

U.S. Domestic:Vulnerable Populations

U.S. Domestic:Teaching Quality

Im Not Rockefeller: 33 High Net Worth Philanthropists Discuss Their Approach to Giving

Over the past year, the Center for High Impact Philanthropy conducted a series of structured interviews to determine how high net worth individual philanthropists (defined by the

Center as having the capacity to give $1 mil-lion per year) make decisions about giving.

What we found were a set of diverse and evolving practices, a predominant reliance on peers for information, a narrow and negative view of evaluation (despite a strong desire to make a difference), and difficulty with exit-ing established relationships with nonprofits,

perhaps because the transaction costs of

breaking up seem too high.To our surprise,

we also found that nearly a third of the study participants do not think of themselves as

philanthropists, despite giving an average of

nearly $1 million annually.

Intuitive solutions to addressing the infor-mational gaps identified in the interviews

present unique problems for high net worth

philanthropists. Many expressed a reluctance

to investigate the effectiveness of potential recipients for fear of inviting unwanted solicitations or appearing distrustful or overly demanding of the nonprofits with which

they already had relationships. Most did

not know about or refer to the myriad

academic and nonprofit resources in their ar-eas of interest. Given the limited information they used, philanthropic deci-

The word philanthropist still cracks me up because it sounds so hoity-toity . . . Im not Rockefeller

high net worth donor interviewed by Center

EXECUT IVE SUMMARY


Cross-Cutting Research: Giving Decisions

Cross-Cutting Research: Defining (Your) Impact


OUR STORY: PROV ID ING ACT IONABLE AND EV IDENCE-BASED GU IDANCE

Established in the spring of 2006 by the dean of the School of Social Policy & Practice and a small group of anonymous Wharton alumni, the Center for High Impact Philanthropy is a nonprofit and university-based center focused on improving the social impact of philanthropic activities. Our work includes writing, teaching and programming for individual donors, institutional funders and philanthropic intermediaries. This includes providing independent analysis and other decision-making tools for donors concerned with maximizing the social impact of their funds.

To meet our goal of providing smart, practical guidance to donors who care about impact, we synthesize the best available information from three domains: research, informed opinion and field experience. We believe the most promising opportunities exist where the recommendations of these three domains overlap.

OUR TARGET: IND IV IDUAL DONORS AND THE I R ADV ISORS

In the U.S. alone, more than $316 billion dollars comprise the U.S. philanthropic capital market. Individual donors represent the vast majority of that sum72%, or $227.5 billion. Additionally, 66%, or $39 billion of all philanthropic giving from developed to developing countries comes from American donors.

Although we target high net worth individual donors, our work has helped many othersnon-high net worth individuals, institutional funders and policymakersunderstand how their funds can make a greater difference in the lives of others.

F IELD

EXPER IENCE

INFORMED

OPIN ION

RESEARCH

MOST PROMISING

Please send comments about this guide to the Center for High Impact Philanthropy at [email protected]. As the publisher of this report, we encourage the widespread circulation of our work and provide access to our content electronically without charge. You are welcome to excerpt, copy, quote, redistribute, or otherwise make our materials available to others provided that you acknowledge the Center for High Impact Philanthropys authorship. Should you have questions about this policy, please contact us at [email protected].

Copyright 2013 Center for High Impact Philanthropy

3815 Walnut StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19104

WEBSITE impact.upenn.edu EMAIL [email protected] (215) 573-7266

BLOG blog.impact.upenn.eduFACEBOOK facebook.com/CenterforHighImpactPhilanthropyTWITTER twitter.com/ImpactSP2 LINKED IN find our group: The Center for High Impact PhilanthropyYOUTUBE youtube.com/impactsp2

The Center for High Impact Phi lanthropySchool of Socia l Pol icy & Pract ice | Univers i t y of PennsylvaniaI n c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h a l um n i f r o m t h e W h a r t o n S c h o o l

AcknowledgementsWith deep appreciation to those whose funding and in-kind support allowed us to develop this guidance:

Annie E. Casey FoundationAnonymous DonorsAnonymous Wharton AlumniCampbell Soup Company: Healthy CommunitiesClaneil FoundationLeon Lowenstein FoundationFord FoundationThe Montgomery County FoundationVicki Panzier GrossTrustees Philanthropy Fund of Fidelity CharitableWharton Social Impact InitiativeWilliam and Flora Hewlett FoundationVivian and Jim Zelter

131210 CHIP Holiday Guide WEB

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