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12 JANUARY 201012 JANUARY 2010

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Systematic approach used by

scientist to investigate a

phenomenon

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1. Making observation

2. Making inference

3. Identifying the problem

4. Making hypothesis

5.Identifying variable

6. Controlling variable

7. Planning an experiment

8. Collecting data

9. Interpreting data

10. Making conclusion

11. Writing report

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Classifying

EXAMPLE

Using observations to groupobjects or events according tosimilarities or differences.

SAMPLE SIMILARITY DIFFERENT

AB

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Communicating Using words or graphic symbolssuch as tables, graphs, figuresor models to describe an

action, object or event.TEMPERATURE

( C)

SOLUBILITY OF SALT

SALT X (g) SALT Y (g)

30 5 7

40 10 14

50 15 21

60 20 2870 25 35

EXAMPLE

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Definingoperationally

Defining concepts by describingwhat must be done and whatshould be observed.

EXAMPLE

Experiment of state of matter.

What is a concept that we use to describethe state of matter?

The kinetic theory of matter

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Predicting Stating the outcome of a futureevent based on prior knowledgegained through experiences orcollected data.

When the temperature is increases, what happen

to sugar in the water?How about we using the salt?

both have a same result or not?

EXAMPLE

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Arrange the steps of theScientific Method in correct order

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A group of students conducted anexperiment to determine the effect of

temperature in dissolving sugar in water.

EXPERIMENT 1

(A) State all the variables involve

(B) State a suitable unit to record the

manipulatedvariable in this experiment.

C Tabulate a table to record the collected data

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EXPERIMENT 2

The table below shows the mass of two salts,X and Y that dissolved in 100 cm of water atdifferent temperatures.

TEMPERATURE

( C)

SOLUBILITY OF SALT

SALT X (g) SALT Y (g)

30 5 7

40 10 1450 15 21

60 20 28

70 25 35

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(a)State all variable in the aboveexperiments

(i) the manipulated variable

(ii) the fixed variable

(iii) the responding variable

(b) Plot a graph of the solubility of salt X

and Salt Y against temperature on thesame graph

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(A) i) manipulated variable- temperatureof water

ii) fixed variable-the volume of water, thesize of the sugar

iii) responding variable- the mass of the

dissolved sugar(B) Degree of Celsius, ( C)

(C) T/( C) 30 40 50 60 70

Mass/ g

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a) i) temperate of water

ii) Volume of wateriii) mass salt that dissolves in

100 cmof waterb) Mass of salt (g)

Temperature (C)20

Y

X

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Being honest andaccurate in

recording andvalidating data

Being responsibleabout the safety of

oneself, others, andthe environment.

Having critical andanalytical thinking.

Being objective &

Being systematic.

Being confidentand independent

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Prevent accidents

Ensure a clean working place

Obtain a fair and accurate result

Inculcate good and positive values

Stimulate interests and curiosity inscience

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SCIENTIFIC METHODREPORT

1. State the

problem2. Hypothesis

3. Variable

4. Equipments

5. Material

6. Technique

7. Datacollection

8. Discussion

9. conclusion

STEPS

Systematicapproach usedby scientistto investigatea phenomenon

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