11si - chap-5
of 15
Transcript of 11si - chap-5
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51v
:
" "
""
K)mol(nV = kn
:2H2 + O2 " 2H2O
))2L))1L))2L
2 mol1 mol2 mol
v" STP22.4 L"
22.4 L-.
))6.022X1023------------------------O2- ---------------------------H2- ----------3molHe----------------------- ---------- STP35 L2Cl2(g) + 7O2(g)" 2Cl2O7(l)
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1.33X104-1 mLSTP)O=16()19.0 g O2(
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)37.5 L NO2())O=16N=14STP77.0 g-2---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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)9 g Cl2())Cl=35.45.STPL 3-3---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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)78 mL(STPCH40.0035 mol)mL(-4---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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52:-
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R PV/nT
PV = nRT
- )( .
-.
R-
-
R- :
:-n , T , V , P.
R-
R = 0.0821 Latm/(molK) - .147R
V =P
nRT
R =nT
PV= 0.0821 ==
(1atm)(22.41410 L)
(1mol)(273.15 K)
Latm1molK
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-1 10.0 L0.500 molatm
298 K---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.08 L0.325 molatm-235
C
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20C8.77 L1.45 mol-3 atm
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-4 0.974atm20.0C0.250 molL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0.857 atm250. K4.38 mol-5---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0.901 atm125C0.909 mol-6---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2710.0 LCl2-7C
3.50 atm)35.45=Cl(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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34C45.1 L-8)1.04 atm)16.0 =O , 12.01=C
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45C12.5 L-9)7.22 atm)16.0 =O
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400K250 mL0.30 g-10 )16.0 =O , 12.01=C(
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- ))n))M) =)m-
D = m /V))V))m) =)D-
28C0.974 atm1.00 L5.16 g-1
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0.980 atm20.0C125 mL0.427 g-2---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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63.00.928 atmNH3-3C
)N=14.01 , H=1.01(
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271.50 atm2.0 g/L-4
C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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((Ar = 39.9525C551 torrAr-5---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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PV =
M
mRTM =
PV
mRT
M =PV
mRT=
P
DRTD =RT
MP
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53--
() :2CO(g) + O2(g " 2CO2(g)(
C3H8-1 :C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) " 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
.0.350 L)L(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.55 L-2
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0.626 L-3
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-43NO2(g) + H2O(l) " 2HNO3(l) + NO(g)708 LNO2
NO .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.:-
.
-1
.(2NaOH(aq + 2Al(s) + 6H2O(l) " 2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2(g)
))Al = 26.98STP4.00 L---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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STP12.61 L-2 :)16 = O , 32.07 = S(S8(s) + 8O2(g) " 8SO2(g)
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-3 3.44 L
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:NaN3-42NaN3(s) " 3N2(g) + 2Na(s)
871.30 atmN2C
))Na = 22.99 , N = 14.01NaN370 g---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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38-5
C1.63 atm ))35.45 = Cl , 22.99 = NaNaCl10.4 g---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-6 27C0.247 atm 65.5 g )16.0 = O , 12.01 = C(
)2C(s) + O2(g) " 2CO(g)(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-7 25C0.987 atm30.6 gKClO3 )16.0 = O , 35.45 = Cl , 39.1=K(
)2KClO3(s) " 2KCl(s) + O2(g)(
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54:-.:-
- )(
-
:B , A-
2-
-
:-:"
"
-
--
- -238235-
.
KE= mv21
2
= MB vB21
2 MA vA
212
= MB vB2MA vA
2
vA2
MB
VB2
MA=vA
MB
VB
MA=-
-
AMB
=
-
-
BMA
AMB=
-
-
BMAB =
-
-
A
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-1
)16.0 = O , 1.01 = H(
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9-2))1.01 = H
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-3))16.0 = O , 1.01 = H , 12.01 = C , 35.45 = Cl
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m/s 400-4))20.18 = Ne , 1.01 = H , 12.01 = CC4H10
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1-5::
-122.4 L.1L- .-.R
-2 -- ---3
STP-22.4 L-1L---4
.----()H2(g) + Cl2(g-5 " 2HCl(g)(
-4-3-2-1O21 L))L(H2O(g(H2O(g1 LH2(O2(g0.5 L-6
--2-1.5-0.5()C(g) + O2(g-7 " CO2(g)(CO2O2
-4-3-2-1 "-8"
.-.-.-.--9
.-.-.-.-(()(-10
.-.--.-
-11 -.- .-STP-V=kn-12- - - --13 1 LH2(g)1 LO2(g)- - - -STP-14-1 L-22.4 L/g-mol wt-22.4 L/g-22.4 L
STP-15--22.4 L-22.4 g1 mol-STP1mol))L-16-32.0-22.4-16.0-11.2STP1mol))L-17-33.6-22.4-18.0-11.2
STP-18.-.-.-.-
-19.--.-.-.--
STP-20.-.-.-.-
STP-211 mol-1 mol-
22.4 L-22.4 L- ))g/molSTP1.92 g1.00 L-22-43.0-22.4-19.2-1.92
))g/molSTP0.716 g1.00 L-23-16.0-7.16-1.60-0.716
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))g1molSTP1.25 g1.00 L-24-28.0-22.4-1.251.0-))g/molSTP1.7 g1.00 L-25-170-38-13.2-0.076
2-5::
-1- -R22.4 L--
-2- -R- 1 atm-
-3-mol 1-L 22.4- -
-4- - - -
-5-P=nRTV
-6- - - -R-7- - - --8 -R-T-V-P1.10 atm15.0C0.600 mol))L-9-129-24.6-22.4-12.9120.50 mol))C-10 L750 mm Hg-288-11-15-- 79.5 L20.C1.2 mol))atm-11
.-30-3.0-1.0-0.030.660 mm Hg25C11 L-12-87-9.3-3.9-0.3910.0C0.922 atm1.50 mol))L-13-378-37.8-14.2-13))atm0.00C0.750 mol5.00 L-14-760-4.98-3.4-2.1
200. mL732.5 mm Hg20.C0.467 g-15 ))g/mol-730-290-180-58350. mL722.0 mm Hg20.C0.686 g-16
))g/mol-720-50-2.2-0.311.28 L732.5 mm Hg20.C2.50 g-17
))g/mol-48.8-13.7-2.04-1.26200.0 L733.5 mm Hg20.C0.934 g-18
))g/mol
-1464.0-586-358-116 1.00 L740 mm Hg28.C5.16 g-19))g/mol
-300-130-0.97-0.395
R =nT
PV -V
RT -P =n
nR -PV
=T
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85.0 mL720. mm Hg150.0C0.250 g-20))g/mol
-238.0-108-1.76-0.002312.8 g-21 1.2 atm15C3.94 L
)g/mol(
-128-64-32-19Tn-22
--- -Pn-23--- -PT-24--- -PV=k-25--- -
V=kT-26--- -
V=kn-27--- -
3-5::
)2C2H6-1 + 7O2 " 4CO2 + 6H2O(1 atm25C
-H2O-CO2-O2-C2H6-2
-STP- - --3
-- - --4--
1 mol---5.-.-.-.--6
.-.-.-.-(2C(s) + O2(gCO2O2-7 " 2CO(g)
-2:2-1:2-2:1-1:1(2H2(g) + O2(gH2OH2-8 " 2H2O(g)
-6:4-3:4-3:2-1:1(N2(g) + 2O2(gNO2N2-9 " 2NO(g)
-5:2-1:2-2:1-1:1(2H2(g) + O2(gH2OO2-10 " 2H2O(g)
-2:2-2:1-1:2-1:1(H2(g) + Cl2(gHClCl2-11 " 2HCl(g)
-2:2-1:2-2:1-1:1(H2(g) + Cl2(gHClH2-12 " 2HCl(g)
-2:2-1:2-2:1-1:1 (H2(g) + Cl2(gCl2H2-13 " 2HCl(g)-2:3-1:2-2:1-1:1
-14 20 LC(s) + 2H2(g) " CH4(g)-40 L-22.4 L-20 L-2.0 L
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50 L))L-15 STP CH4(g) + 2O2(g) " 2H2O(g) + CO2(g)
-100-50-25-16.6-16 2H2(g) + O2(g) " 2H2O(g)12 L
))L
-24-12-2-1CO100. L))L-17 2CO(g) + O2(g) " 2CO2(g)
-500-238-50.0-23.8))23.0 g/mol23 gH2-18
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) " 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
-4-2-1-0.50(2HCl(g-19 " H2(g) + Cl2(g) HCl)36.5 g/mol(10.0 L
STP-36.5-32.6-30.2-15.8"C + O2-20 CO214 LCO2STP
)12(-75-17.5-11.2-7.5
4-5::
-1- .-.-.--2-.--.- -3.-.-.-.--4
-----5-----6
.-----7
.----
:OArBrFCClNHHe
16.039.9579.919.012.135.4514.o11.014.0
))Br2))F2-8-7-4-3-2
CO2O2-9--12-2.1-1.2 ))g/mol))4.57-10-83.6-38.8-18.2-12
))g/mol))6.3-11-160-25.2-3.8-1.05))g/mol))3.8-12-29-22.4-7.9-3.8
= MB vB2MA vA
2
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:
OArBrFCClNHHe
16.039.9579.919.012.135.4514.o11.014.0
675 m/sC3H8CH4-1 ):675 m/s(
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m/s 535-2 ):501 m/s(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CO2-3):1360 m/s(410 m/sCO2
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):121 g/mol(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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):39.7 g/mol(1.19-5---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-6 1.56):43.8 g/mol(
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