11 Honors English Semester 1 Review. Timeline To 1600 New World settled Writings focused on grim...
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11 Honors English
Semester 1 Review
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Timeline
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The Puritans: escaping the Old World
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Timeline
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Romanticism 1800-1830
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Timeline
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Romantic Writing
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The Gothics
The past as a model for decay,
further turmoil
Dark side of human emotion
Chaos of the human mind relative to
the order of reason
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Edgar Allan PoeThe Raven, 1845• Alliteration• Refrain• Fear of supernatural• Longing, loss
The Fall of the House of Usher, 1839
• Paranoia of family legacy of mental illness
• Decay of buildings• Guilt• Fear of illness• Fear of the past
recurring
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Modern Gothic
William Faulkner“A Rose for Emily”, 1930
• Gothic architecture• Sexuality• Family legacy• Antiquated lifestyle• Southern prejudices
Joyce Carol Oates“Secret Observations of the
Goat Girl”, 1988
• Family issues• Malformation?• Fascination with the
grotesque
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American Renaissance1840-1860
• Expanding nation brought technology, trains, telegraphs
• Hard work being replaced by machine
• Concern over people not having time to reach full potential led to Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism:• Reject decay of society• Focus on individual potential• Reject Rationalism; truths of
universe lie beyond our senses• Life is organic, mimics nature• Ability to experience God firsthand• We are in God, God is in us• Search for enlightenment
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Transcendentalists
• Began in Concord, MA• Gathering of friends,
like-minded people that focused on education and enlightenment
• Lectured in lyceums• Published The Dial
Oversoul: the common heart; supreme underlying unity which transcends the plurality of nature and man. The individual soul is accessed by transcending the mind, reason.
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TranscendentalistsRalph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882• Published Nature, first major piece• Lectured, published in Concord & elsewhere• Mentor to Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau• Many essays including Walden, story of his “social experiment”• “Civil Disobedience”• Criticized as lazy, idle• Lived out Emerson’s theories
Emily Dickinson, 1830-1886• Published poetry posthumously• Associated with Emerson• Focused on nature, solitude, the soul
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The Anti-TranscendentalistsNathaniel Hawthorne, 1804-1864Herman Melville, 1819-1891Both famous for fiction in American Renaissance
• Both saw radical contradictions not accounted for in transcendentalist thinking; they viewed life less optimistically; focused on the gap between human desire and human possibility
• In exploring the human spirit they sought a more clear sense of American actuality, or “usable truth” (Melville)
• Usable Truth: “the absolute condition of present things as they strike the eye of the man who fears them not.”