11. Environmental Safety

8/10/2019 11. Environmental Safety

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ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETYENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY


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At the end of the lecture, the participants would be

able to:

Describe the Industrial Hygiene principles

At the end of the lecture, the participants would be

able to:

Describe the Industrial Hygiene principles

Session ObjectivesSession ObjectivesSession ObjectivesSession Objectives

Environmental Safety

Identify the different hazards in constructionindustry

Know the applicable control measures toeliminate/minimize hazards in constructionindustry

Identify the different hazards in constructionindustry

Know the applicable control measures toeliminate/minimize hazards in constructionindustry


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What will happen to you and your familyif you get injured and can no longer work?

Why Environmental Safety ?Why Environmental Safety ?


Your quality of life

Your job advancement Future opportunities

injured/sick?


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FactsFacts

Construction work is featured by high laborturnover, constantly changing work

environment and conditions on site


Construction workers are exposed to a wide

variety of health hazards on the job;

Exposure differs from trade to trade, job to job,

by the day, even by the hour;


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May also be exposed as a bystander to

FactsFactsExposure to hazard is typically intermittent

and of short duration but is likely to reoccur;


hazards produced by those who worknearby;

The severity of each hazard depends on theconcentration and duration of exposure for a

particular job.


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What is Industrial Hygiene?

Industrial Hygiene (IH) is the scienceand art dedicated to recognition,

evaluation and controlof environmental


factors and stresses arising in or from theworkplace, which may cause sickness,

impaired health and well-being, or

significant discomfort among workers or

among citizens of the community.


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GasesGases

VapoursVapours

FumesFumesDispersionDispersionWorkWork

Contamination of WorkEnvironment


Chemical SubstanceChemical Substance

Raw MaterialsRaw Materials

ProcessProcessMistMist

NoiseNoise

HeatHeat

DiffusionDiffusionGenerationGeneration

EnvironmentEnvironment

ContaminationContamination


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EntranceEntrance

toto

HumanHuman

InjuryInjury

Effects to Human . . .


IllnessIllness

MetabolicMetabolicReactionReaction

ExcretionExcretion DeathDeath


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Hazards RecognitionRecognition of the different hazards can be

accomplished by

Hazards RecognitionRecognition of the different hazards can be

accomplished byWalk-through survey/ocular inspection

(supervisors, contractors)

Walk-through survey/ocular inspection

(supervisors, contractors)


Knowing your taskReviewing process involved

Knowing the raw materials used,

products and by-products

Gathering of workers complaints

CSDS/MSDS

Knowing your taskReviewing process involved

Knowing the raw materials used,

products and by-products

Gathering of workers complaints

CSDS/MSDS


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Environmental / Health Hazards

Physical Chemical


ErgonomicsBiological


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RecognitionRecognition

Physical Hazards

Noise

Vibration


Illumination

Extreme temperature

Extreme pressure

Radiation


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Chemical Hazards

Liquid / Mists

Gases


Solvent / Vapors Particulates / Dust

Metals / Fumes


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Biological Hazards

Bacteria

Virus


Fungi

Parasites

Insects


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Ergonomic Hazards

Repetitive motion

Forceful motion


Awkward posture

Static posture

Fit The Task To The Person


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Confined SpacesConfined SpacesAn enclosed or partially enclosed space

that: Is not designed or intended for human


performing work

Has restricted means of access and

egress May become hazardous to any person

entering to it


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Confined SpacesConfined SpacesExamples:

Storage TanksSewers

PipelinesTrenches


o ersManholes

Tunnels

Silos

Vats

Wells


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Hazards in Confined SpacesHazards in Confined SpacesOxygen deficiency

Acute illness or death

Increase consumption Chemical reactions such

as rusting Displacement Welding, cutting

or brazing


O2 is greater than 21%

Flammable dust, gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% LFL

Use of flammable solvents

Welding or cutting operations using oxyacetylene

Toxic Gases

Acute illness or deathCO, NO2, H2S, NH3, SO2, CH4


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Evaluation of


Hazards


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Work Environment Measurement (WEM)

The measurements to be conducted

periodically (e.g. once a year) shall include

Evaluation ConventionalEvaluation Conventional

Industrial Hygiene MeasurementsIndustrial Hygiene Measurements


Temperature

Humidity (relative humidity)

Pressure (i.e. atmospheric/ barometric)

Illumination / Lighting

Noise (sound pressure, intensity)

Concentration of substances (chemical agents)

Ventilation (Air velocity)

- Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Rule 1077.03


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Types of Environmental Monitoring

Area/Environmental


Personal Monitoring

Biological Monitoring


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IH EquipmentIH Equipment

Smoke TubeGas and VOC Monitor

Relative Humidity

Supply Air, Air Velocity

Lux

MeterSound Level

Meter


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The measurement data will be

compared with existing standards /guidelines:




Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)

Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) Maximum Allowable Concentrations

(MACs)


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Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)

- takes into account variable exposure through a


,

Ceiling (TLV-C)

- absolute maximum level of exposure not to be

exceeded

Short Term Exposure Level (TLV-STEL)

- limit of exposure during a short period, 15minutes


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Construction Site PremisesConstruction Site Premises

Lighting of Work Areas

* Fine detail discrimination, paint

mixing, precision machine works

* Office works, medium inspection

* Finishing works, fine inspection,

accounting, painting

Types of work:


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Minimum Illumination Level in Lux

*Passageways, warehouses

rough materials handling

* Medium assembly, rough bench& carpentry works, planing

* Rough assembly, machine rooms

elevators, locker rooms

*Yards, roadways, surroundings


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Permissible Noise Exposure Level*Duration/day, Hours (hr) Sound Level, dB(A)

8 90

6 92

4 95


2 100

1 102

1 105

1/2 110

1/4 115**

* OSHS, DOLE

** Ceiling value: No exposure in excess of 115 dBA isallowed.


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Control of



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Generalized Diagram of

Methods of Control

Generalized Diagram of

Methods of ControlSOURCESOURCE AIR PATHAIR PATH RECEIVERRECEIVER



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Control of Occupational HazardsControl of Occupational Hazards

Engineering Control

Hierarchy of Controls


Administrative Control

Personal Protective Equipment


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Replacement/Substitution of materials

used

Modifications in the process and

Engineering Control


equipmentMaintenance of equipment

Isolation

Wet methods

Ventilation


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Rotation of job assignments

Administrative Control

Adjusting work schedules

Maintenance and ood housekee in


Appropriate supervision

Emergency response training and education

Employee information and training


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Examples:

Dust/Gas Respirators

Safety

Goggles/Spectacles

Personal Protective Equipment


ace e s sor

Gloves

Protective

clothing/ApronsSafety Shoes

Helmets

Earplugs/Earmuffs


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Good housekeeping / Personal Hygiene

Employee training/education

Control techniques that depend uponpositive safety & health culture


Proper job procedures / instruction

Job observation

Rule compliance

Protective equipment compliance

Group communications


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Summary

Hazards Identification/Recognition

IH Steps


Evaluation

Implementation of appropriateControl Measures


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SummaryPractice ofPractice of

industrial hygieneindustrial hygieneprinciplesprinciples

Safe environment inSafe environment in

construction siteconstruction site= Safe & healthySafe & healthyconstruction workersconstruction workers


Is a means of protecting the workers thru

improvements of work environment.

The preventive approach to eliminate orminimize the occurrence of occupational

diseases.


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END OF TOPICEND OF TOPIC

11. Environmental Safety

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