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Managing risk and utilizing opportunities Managing risk and utilizing opportunities in phase 2 of EU ETSin phase 2 of EU ETS

Harri Roto, phone +358 40 840 8007, email harri.roto@greenstream.net

November 20th 2007

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GreenStream in brief GreenStream in brief

• GreenStream is a leading Northern European company in the carbon markets and renewable energy markets focusing on:

- Renewable energy projects

- Greenhouse gas offset projects

- Brokerage and portfolio management of carbon units and renewable energy certificates

• Offices in Helsinki, Hamburg, Oslo, Stockholm, Vilnius and Beijing

• Services including- Brokerage of carbon credits and green certificates

- Portfolio management servicesGreen

Certificates, Broker of the Year

2004, 2005, 2006

Intermediary

• Services including- Strategies, market analysis, project financing

- CDM/JI/GIS project services

Advisory

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Core competence

Services offered

Green Investment

• Fund management (carbon and renewable energy); current investment vehicles include

- Multilateral Carbon Credit Fund (EBRD and EIB)

- Fine Carbon Fund

- Blåfall

Core competencies of GreenStreamCore competencies of GreenStream

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European Union Emissions Trading SchemeEuropean Union Emissions Trading Scheme

Overview Market development

321

1,101

0

500

1,000

1,500

2005 2006

MtC

O2

0

10

20

30

40

24/06/2005 24/12/2005 24/06/2006 24/12/2006 24/06/2007

EUR

/ a

llow

ance

0

10002000

3000

4000

50006000

7000

8000

Vol

ume

(ktC

O2)

ECX Dec 08 volume Spot ECX Dec 08

EU ETS trading

Price development of EUAs

6.4

19.4

0

10

20

30

2005 2006

EUR

bill

ion

Source: State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2007, World BankFigures converted from USD to EUR using ECB´s average annual exchange rates

Source: Reuters

1) Source: State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2007, World Bank2) Based on estimates by UBS, JP Morgan, Société General, Deutsche Bank and Citigroup3) Source: Communication "Limiting Global Climate Change to 2° Celsius: The way ahead for 2020

and beyond, EU

• The largest emissions trading market- Market value EUR 19.4 billion in 2006(1)

- Covers some 12,000 installations in the EU

• Linking Directive allows CERs and ERUs

- Emission reduction credits from CDM/JI projects can be imported into the EU ETS

• Second phase 2008-2012- More stringent allocations and higher

prices expected

- Estimated average shortfall of 1.25 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent(1)

- Analysts forecast EUA prices between EUR 20-40 per allowance(2)

• Third phase 2013-2017 (expected)- GHG emission reduction target 20 % of

1990 baseline by 2020(3)

Portfolio ManagementPortfolio Management

Why Manage the EUA portfolio?

• Not just a bureaucratical burden but valuable assets• EUA allowances are a raw material for production,

similar to fuels & other costs of production• Not doing anything = taking a view on the price

development• 2005-2007 period has shown extreme volatility in

price• The lesson learned: manage the price risk

© GreenStream Network Oy

Portfolio ManagementPortfolio Management

•Estimates/ data regarding emissions and allocated allowances•Creating trading and risk management policy•Implementing the strategy

© GreenStream Network Oy

Portfolio Management - examplePortfolio Management - example

•Company A has an estimated under allocation•The hedging of the deficit of a specific year (or month) will start well in time•There is an agreed ”pipeline” in which the hedge level must be at any moment of time•Emission estimates important

© GreenStream Network Oy

Portfolio Management -examplePortfolio Management -example

© GreenStream Network Oy

Portfolio Management - examplePortfolio Management - example

Portfolio Management

• Strategy depends on the nature of business of each company

• Some have a real option to not produce and to sell the EUA’s instead – some do not Leads into different strategies

• CER/ ERU use an integral part

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CERs – a great opportunityCERs – a great opportunity

Secondary CERs

• CER with guaranteed delivery (vs. Primary CER which includes project risk)

• CERs have importance to all companies with installations under EU ETS

• Cap for CER (and ERU) use per installation defined in NAPs as % of allocation for 2008-2012

• OTC market at the moment most liquid (Forward, later also SPOT)

SCER08, EUA08 (Point Carbon)

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

4.6.

2007

6.6.

2007

8.6.

2007

12.6

.200

7

14.6

.200

7

18.6

.200

7

20.6

.200

7

22.6

.200

7

26.6

.200

7

28.6

.200

7

2.7.

2007

4.7.

2007

6.7.

2007

10.7

.200

7

12.7

.200

7

16.7

.200

7

18.7

.200

7

20.7

.200

7

24.7

.200

7

26.7

.200

7

30.7

.200

7

1.8.

2007

3.8.

2007

7.8.

2007

9.8.

2007

13.8

.200

7

€/tC

O2

EU Allowance December 2008

Secondary CER December 2008

EUA-CER SWAP

• Secondary CERs valued today at ~80% of EUAs• A company with EUAs can create positive cash flow and/ or

more credits for compliance by exchanging EUAs for CERs• EVERY COMPANY UNDER EU ETS SHOULD DO IT!• Project markets (primary CERs) not as easily accessible and

managing project risks is an issue • Example 1 (figures only exemplary, not an offer):

– Company A delivers 80kt EUAs and receives 100kt CERs (forward deliveries)

• Example 2 (figures only exemplary, not an offer):– Company A delivers 100kt EUAs and receives 100kt CERs +

400000€ cash (forward deliveries & payment)

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