1 The Cell The building blocks of life. 2 The Cell Go to the Cell Size link. .
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Transcript of 1 The Cell The building blocks of life. 2 The Cell Go to the Cell Size link. .
1
The Cell
The building blocks of life
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The Cell
Go to the Cell Size link. http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm
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The Cell
Cells are not the smallest structure that make up living organisms. They are merely the smallest functional units. Cells themselves contain smaller units called organelles. Organelles are tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions with a cell. Produce energy, build and transport
materials, and store and recycle waste.
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The Cell
To get inside…… You must first go through the Cell Wall. The
Cell Wall is a rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds mostly plant cells Animal cells do not have cell walls. Made of Cellulose Protects and supports a plant cell. It’s what gives a tree its strength. Figure 1 on your plant cell diagram the thick part
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The Cell
All cells have a Cell Membrane. In plants it is next to the cell wall. The Cell Membrane separates the cell from
its environment. The Cell Membrane controls what
substances come into and out of a cell. Figure 1 on your plant and animal cell diagram Thin layer on
the plant cell diagram
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The Cell
After you go through the cell membrane, you enter the Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is a clear gel-like fluid that fills the cell and contains the organelles. Constantly moving fluid
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The Cell
Floating around within the cytoplasm we have all kinds of good stuff:
The Golgi Bodies The packaging and shipping department
for newly formed proteins in the cell. A folded collection of sacks and tubes. Figure 3 on your plant and animal cell diagram
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Network of tubes or membranes Carries materials through cell Figure 2 on your plant and animal cell diagram
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Ribosomes
Small bodies free or attached to E.R. Produces proteins
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Mitochondrion.
Bean-shaped with inner membranes. Breaks down sugar molecules into energy. Figure 6 on your plant and animal cell diagram
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Vacuole
Small fluid-filled sacs Store food, water, waste. Figure 5 on your plant cell diagram
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Lysosome
Small, round, with a membrane Breaks down larger food molecules into
smaller molecules. Digests old cell parts. Figure 5 on your animal cell diagram
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The Cell
More floating stuff: Chloroplast
Plants only, not animal cells. Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll
(green pigment). Uses energy from sun to make food for the
plant (photosynthesis) Figure 7 on your plant cell diagram
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The Cell
Finally.. The brains of the operation. The Nucleus
The brain of the cell, directing all the cells activities.
Surrounded by the Nuclear Membrane Protection and regulation of material transport.
Figure 4 on your plant and animal cell diagram
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The Cell
And in that cell brain…... The Chromatin
Genetic material which chemically directs all of the cell’s activities.
Made of DNA and affiliated proteins Fine twisted stuff within Figure 4 on your plant and animal
cell diagram
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The Cell
And in that cell brain…... The Nucleolus
Instructions in DNA are copied here Works with ribosomes in the synthesis of
protein Dark area within Figure 4 on your plant and animal cell
diagram
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A few words about a few other cells..
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Bacteria
This little guys are about 10x smaller than the average animal cell.
They have cell walls and cell membranes…
They do not have a nucleus!
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Important definition here! Organisms whose cells contain a
nucleus are called……Eukaryotes Organisms whose cells DO NOT
contain a nucleus are called……Prokaryotes
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
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Important exception!
Red blood cells in mammals (like you and me) DO NOT contain a nucleus or even DNA.
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Bacteria
Come in three basic shapes. Sphere : cocci Rod : bacilli Spiral
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Bacteria : cocci
Diplococcus
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/diplo.html
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Bacteria : cocci
Streptococcus
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/gpstrep.html
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Bacteria : bacilli
Streptococcus
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/labpics/lab1pics.htm
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Bacteria : Spiral
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/celllab.htm
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Bacteria
We are not going to get back into cell structure, however, it is at least worth looking at bacteria mobility.
Flagellum long whip like structure spins like a propeller Rotary joint
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Bacteria
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T028556A.gif
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Bacteria
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/images/flagellum.jpg
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Bacteria
Bacteria exist in two Kingdoms. Archaebacteria
Live in extreme environments Acids, intestines, sewage, 110 degree water etc Produce foul odors
Eubacteria Live everywhere else Many are beneficial
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Bacteria Reproduction
Asexual reproduction Reproduction with only one parent binary fission
one cell divides to form two identical cells
Sexual Reproduction Two parents combine genetic material Conjugation
Transfer genetic material through a thin bridge
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Bacteria Conjugation
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/27-x1-ProkaryoteConjugation.jpg
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Bacteria binary fission
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/69091a.jpg
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A tiny glimpse at the Virus
Simple success
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Virus
http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/biol103/lecture17/Ebola_EM.jpg
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Virus
Non-living Do not use energy to grow Do not respond to their surroundings Sub-microscopic Unable to grow or reproduce outside a host
cell. A host is an organism that harbors a virus or
parasite.
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Virus
Each viral particle, or virion, consists of just two parts Genetic material, DNA or RNA. A protective protein coat called a capsid.
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Virus
Viruses multiply by entering a host cell and taking over cell function with its own genetic material.
The infected host cells then produce more protein and genetic material to assemble new virion.
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Virus
http://www.ifpma.org/Influenza/index.aspx?001_The_Influenza_Virus/001a_Influenza_Virus.html
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Virus
http://www.weblo.com/domain/available/grupvirus.com/
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High Resolution photomicrograph of the SimianVirus
http://www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/monkey_molecules/other_structures/