Cell Structure Test Review

Plant & Animal Cells

Cell Theory

I. ____________ are the building blocks of all living things

• single-celled organisms are called ____________

• Multi Cellular organisms require ____________ Cells can be multi-celled, where they have a specific function

II. All life processes take place in ____________

III.Energy production• Growth & reproduction

III.New cells are produced from ____________

• Cell growth processes include: ____________ and ____________

Parts of a Cell

• ____________ = structures that perform specific functions in cells

• ____________ = clear fluid surrounding organelles

• Differences between Plant & Animal Cells:• ____________

• ____________

• (____________)

Animal Cell

ChromosomesContain DNA

CytoplasmClear fluid

MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in

mitosis

Nucleus Pore

VacuolesStores nutrients and waste

Cell MembraneControls what

substances enter & leave cell

MitochondriaCreates energy

Smooth ER*RibosomesMake Proteins

Rough ER*

Golgi apparatus

FedEx: Transport System

Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present.

NucleusControl Center

Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the nucleus

CentriolePull apart chromosoes during

mitosis

*ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organellesRough contains Ribosomes

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VacuoleStores nutrients and waste

MitochondriaCreates energy

Golgi apparatusFedEx: Transport System

Smooth ER*

Rough ER*ChloroplastMake sugars for food

Cell wallNucleus

Control Center

Cell MembraneControls what substances enter & leave cell

Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the

nucleus

RibosomesMake Proteins

Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by

controlling the enzymes present.

DNAProvides cell

instructions for reproduction

CytoplasmClear fluid

MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in

mitosis

Nuclear pore

Plant Cell

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Name all of the organelles in the plant

cell with BLUE shape by their label.

WORD BOX

1. Cell Wall 4. Nucleus

2. Cytoplasm 5. Chloroplast

3. Mitochondria 6. Vacuole

7. Cell Membrane

Animal Cell

Eukaryotehave a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)

Prokaryotelack a nucleus (most bacteria)

Cell Family Tree

Cells

____________(no Nucleus)

_________

____________(have a

Nucleus)

__________

________________

_______________

Multicellular Organisms:5 Structural Levels of Organization

______

building block of life

Perform a specific function

______

______

______

Perform a specific job – made of at least 2 types of tissue

______

Complete living thing that relies on cells for life functions

______ Cell

______ Cell

______ Cells

Specialized Cells

ORGANELLES OF THE CELL

• Nucleus

The main control center of the cell

• Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance inside of the cell keeping the cell inflated, and allows flow of nutrients

• Nucleolus

A small circular structure within the Nucleus which produces Ribosomes and proteins

• Cell Membrane

Allows transfer of nutrients and oxygen, and acts as a filter

ORGANELLES OF THE CELL

• Cell Wall (plant cell only)

Provides structural support

and protects the cell

• Ribosomes

The small particles containing RNA and other proteins, these are found in the cytoplasm of the cell

• Mitochondria

The part of the cell that makes food into energy

ORGANELLES OF THE CELL

• Lysosome

The part of the cell that contains digestive enzymes

• Chloroplast (plant cell only)

The part of the cell that produces the

green coloring and performs

photosynthesis

• Golgi

The part of the cell that modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell

ORGANELLES OF THE CELL

• Vacuole

An area within the cell that stores food and/or waste of the cell

Parts of a Microscope

Protozoa Types

Examples of Protozoa

____________

______

Protozoa Types

Nematode (ROUNDWORM):most numerous multicellular animals on earth (NOT Protozoa)

Typical Protozoa Structure

Ptotozoa Organelles

Amebae

Prepare a Wet Slide

Pond Protozoa

Cell Reproduction

• Cells Reproduce Through Two Processes:

1. Mitosis= asexual reproduction• A 6 step process where body cells reproduce by

cell division.

• Create exact replicas of themselves for building tissues

• Examples: muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells, blood cells

• Also Protozoa create exact replicas of themselves by cell division

Cell Reproduction

2. Meiosis = Sexual Reproduction• A 9 step process involving multiplication

then division of cells.

• The reproductive process where new cells and organisms are formed

• Chromosomes from both parents are mixed when the sperm and egg cells combine to produce a fertilized egg

Comparison of Mitosis (cell growth) vs. Meiosis

(cell reproduction):

Mitosis

Meiosis