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TECHNICAL SEMINAR TECHNICAL SEMINAR ONON

AIR TRAFFIC AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLCONTROL

Presented Presented

byby

S.SUMESWAR PATROS.SUMESWAR PATRO

Regd no: 0601222335Regd no: 0601222335

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CONTENTSCONTENTS INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLWHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLTYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMDIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM AIRPORT CONTROLAIRPORT CONTROL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERSAIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROLDISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL RADAR CONTROL FACILITIESRADAR CONTROL FACILITIES DEPARTURE OF AIR CRAFTSDEPARTURE OF AIR CRAFTS EN-ROUTE,CENTRE OR AREA CONTROLEN-ROUTE,CENTRE OR AREA CONTROL CALL SIGNSCALL SIGNS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGIESAIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONSPROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The ATC is bracing up to meet growing demands of The ATC is bracing up to meet growing demands of aircrafts with more ATC officers and new radar aircrafts with more ATC officers and new radar systems.systems.

The air traffic control(ATC) is the busiest in the The air traffic control(ATC) is the busiest in the country handling over 250 or more movements.country handling over 250 or more movements.

It regulates the large volume of air traffic and also It regulates the large volume of air traffic and also handles test and military flights with varied aircraft handles test and military flights with varied aircraft speed.speed.

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WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLCONTROL

Air traffic control(ATC) is a service provided by Air traffic control(ATC) is a service provided by ground based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air.ground and in the air.The task of ensuring safe operations of The task of ensuring safe operations of commercial and private aircraft falls on Air Traffic commercial and private aircraft falls on Air Traffic Controllers.Controllers.The controllers coordinate the movements of The controllers coordinate the movements of thousands of aircraft, keep them at certain distance, thousands of aircraft, keep them at certain distance, direct them during movements, around bad weather direct them during movements, around bad weather and ensure smooth flow with minimal delays.and ensure smooth flow with minimal delays.

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TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLCONTROL

1.En-route controllers1.En-route controllersi. Terminali. Terminal

a. High level airspace.a. High level airspace.b. Low level airspace.b. Low level airspace.

ii. En-routeii. En-route a. High level airspace.a. High level airspace. b. Low level airspace.b. Low level airspace.

2.Airport controllers. 2.Airport controllers. i. Ground control.i. Ground control.ii. Local or air control.ii. Local or air control.iii.Clearance delivery.iii.Clearance delivery.

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DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMCONTROL SYSTEM

Air Traffic Control System Command Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC)Center (ATCSCC)

Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) Terminal Radar Approach Terminal Radar Approach

Control(TRACON)Control(TRACON) Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Flight Service Station(FSSFlight Service Station(FSS))

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DEPARTURE OF AIRCRAFTSDEPARTURE OF AIRCRAFTS

The TRANSPONDER detects the incoming radar The TRANSPONDER detects the incoming radar signals and broadcasts an amplified, encoded radio signals and broadcasts an amplified, encoded radio signals in the direction of the detected radar wave.signals in the direction of the detected radar wave.

The DEPARTURE CONTROLLER, located in the The DEPARTURE CONTROLLER, located in the TRACON facility monitors the aircraft and maintain TRACON facility monitors the aircraft and maintain safe distance between ascending aircraft by safe distance between ascending aircraft by instructing the pilot.instructing the pilot.

The CENTER or ARTCC CONTROLLER passes an The CENTER or ARTCC CONTROLLER passes an updated flight progress slip and distributes it to new updated flight progress slip and distributes it to new controller.controller.

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AIRPORT CONTROLAIRPORT CONTROL

The primary method of controlling the airport enviro-The primary method of controlling the airport enviro-ment is visual observation from the control which is a ment is visual observation from the control which is a tall, windowed structure at the airport.tall, windowed structure at the airport.

Tower controllers are responsible for the separation Tower controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways of the airport.operating on the taxiways of the airport.

Controllers may use a radar display system called Controllers may use a radar display system called Secondary Surveillance or Airport Surveillance Radar Secondary Surveillance or Airport Surveillance Radar for airborne traffic approaching and departing.for airborne traffic approaching and departing.

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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERSTOWERS

Amsterdam’s Airport Chicago’s AirportAmsterdam’s Airport Chicago’s Airport

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DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROLCONTROL

Ground control: It is responsible for the Ground control: It is responsible for the airport maneuvering areas or areas not airport maneuvering areas or areas not released to the airlines or other users.released to the airlines or other users.

Local or Air control: It is responsible for the Local or Air control: It is responsible for the active runway surfaces.active runway surfaces.

Clearance Delivery: It is responsible for Clearance Delivery: It is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft has the proper ensuring that the aircraft has the proper route and slot time.route and slot time.

Apron control: It exists at extremely busy Apron control: It exists at extremely busy airports.airports.

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RADAR CONTROL RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES(TRACON)FACILITIES(TRACON)

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EN-ROUTE,CENTER OR EN-ROUTE,CENTER OR AREA CONTROLAREA CONTROL

En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities called Area Control Centers.called Area Control Centers.

Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart an airport or terminal area’s airspace to the time they an airport or terminal area’s airspace to the time they arrive at another airport.arrive at another airport.

Centers may also pick up VFR aircraft that are Centers may also pick up VFR aircraft that are already airborne and integrate them into IFR system.already airborne and integrate them into IFR system.

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RADAR COVERAGERADAR COVERAGE

Centers use long range radar to control a Centers use long range radar to control a large space area.large space area.

Centers may use TRACON radar data to Centers may use TRACON radar data to control to provide better picture of the control to provide better picture of the traffic.traffic.

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CALL SIGNSCALL SIGNS Call signs are a used to safe air traffic Call signs are a used to safe air traffic

separations and is used for scheduled flights separations and is used for scheduled flights and air forces for military flights.and air forces for military flights.

Different types of call signs:Different types of call signs: ICAO call signs are written with 3-letter ICAO call signs are written with 3-letter

combination followed by the flight no.combination followed by the flight no. Audio or Radio-telephony call signs are used Audio or Radio-telephony call signs are used

as the contact between pilots and Air Traffic as the contact between pilots and Air Traffic Control.Control.

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TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLCONTROL

Conflict Alert (CA)Conflict Alert (CA) Minimum safe altitude warningMinimum safe altitude warning System coordinationSystem coordination Area Penetration Warning (APW)Area Penetration Warning (APW) Mode SMode S

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PROBLEMS OF AIR TRAFFIC PROBLEMS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CONTROL

Weather conditionsWeather conditions TrafficTraffic AccidentsAccidents

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SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

New area control centre at Swan wickNew area control centre at Swan wick

Modern software developed by FAA and Modern software developed by FAA and NASANASA

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the third busiest in The Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the third busiest in the country handling over 250 movements (landing the country handling over 250 movements (landing and takeoff) everyday.and takeoff) everyday.

Besides regulating the large volume of air traffic, Besides regulating the large volume of air traffic, handling test and military flights with varied aircraft handling test and military flights with varied aircraft speed. speed.

The ATC is, bracing up to meet the growing demands The ATC is, bracing up to meet the growing demands of an ever-increasing fleet of commercial, civil and of an ever-increasing fleet of commercial, civil and military aircraft- more air traffic control officers and military aircraft- more air traffic control officers and new radar systems.new radar systems.

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