1 Spain & France in North America Harlan High School APUSH James Greene January 2011.
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Spain & France in North America
Harlan High SchoolAPUSH
James GreeneJanuary 2011
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Conquistadors in the South
•Military contractors
•Sought resources to exploit
•Ponce de Leon (1513, 1521) Florida
•Alvar Nuñez Cabeza da Vaca (1528-1536)
•Slave raiders
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Exploration of Southeast by Hernando de Soto
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Exploration of Southwest by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
(1540-42)
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Spanish in Southwest
Acoma (New Mexico)
Old Oraibi (Arizona)
•Coronado explorations followed by hiatus
•Juan de Oñate: New Mexico, 1598
•Franciscan missionaries
•Pueblo attitudes
•Santa Fé 1609
•Pueblo Revolt 1680
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French Settlement in the Southeast
Huguenots• Followers of John
Calvin• Religious strife led
them to seek new home
• Jean Ribault• René de Laudonnière
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Charlesfort (1562)Parris Island in Port Royal Sound (SC)
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Fort Caroline (1564)
Near modern Jacksonville
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Spanish Response:St. Augustine, Florida (1565)
•First permanent European settlement in U.S.•Pedro Menéndez de Avilés •Defensive action•Indian mission
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Santa Elena (1566-1587)
•Located in Port Royal sound (SC) on Parris Island
•Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
•Intended to be capital of Spanish Florida
•Launching point for explorations of SC, NC, and Tennessee by Juan Pardo
•Base for Jesuit missionaries
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Atlantic Coast
•Gulf of St. Lawrence
•Long Island Sound& New York Harbor
•Chesapeake Bay
•Port Royal Sound
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Exploration of North America:
Northeastern CoastEngland:• John Cabot: Labrador
(1497)France: • Giovanni da
Verrazano: Cape Fear to Maine (1524)
• Jacques Cartier: St. Lawrence River (1530s)
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Netherlands: Henry Hudson (1609)New York Harbor*Hudson River
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Fishing Attracted Europeans
• Sixteenth century• Multinational, notably
English, French, Basques
• Atlantic cod• Whales• Centered off St.
Lawrence estuary
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“The Beaver does everything perfectly well; it makes kettles, hatchets, swords, knives, bread: in short, it makes everything.”
—Montaignais Indian, circa
1634
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St. Lawrence Settlements:Tadoussac (1600) and Québec (1608)
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Nouvelle France (New France)
•Focus on commerce
•Alliances with Indians
•Small number of emigrants
•Some intermarriage (fur traders)
•Coureurs de bois (“woods runners”)
•Habitants (tenant farmers)
•Settlements along the St. Lawrence
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Exploration of Heartland
• 1679-2: Robert Sieur de La Salle
• Mississippi from Great Lakes to its mouth
• Led to establishment of French outposts, notably Detroit, St. Louis, and New Orleans (by early 18th century)
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Function of North American Colonies
SPANISH• North American
settlements formed defensive buffer for more lucrative colonies
FRENCH, DUTCH, ENGLISH• Commercial
opportunities • Emphasis on
commodities that would let them make a profit