1 Physical Education in Glasgow Standard Grade Presentations THE SKELETON IT’S FUNCTIONS AND...
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1 Physical Education in Glasgow Standard Grade Presentations THE SKELETON IT’S FUNCTIONS AND Section 1a
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Transcript of 1 Physical Education in Glasgow Standard Grade Presentations THE SKELETON IT’S FUNCTIONS AND...
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THE SKELETON
IT’S FUNCTIONS
AND
Section 1a
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ns1. The Framework of the Body
The skeleton consists of 206 bones, which, when joined together create the internal framework and support for your body
Where two or more bones come together they form a JOINT. Some joints are formed by the bones fusing together to create fixed or immoveable joints, (e.g. the skull), while others are held together by LIGAMENTS and create moveable joints, (e.g. the knee).
Some of the fixed joints in the
skull can be clearly seen. Here ligaments are holding the
bones together at the knee.
The skeleton gives the body SHAPE and FORM
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In addition to being the internal framework of the body the skeleton also provides PROTECTION for vital organs in the body.
2. Protection
The brain is protected by the eight bones surrounding it, called the cranium and which is part of the skull.
The rib cage and sternum surround vital organs like the heart and lungs.
The vertebral column protects our spinal cord, which relays messages from the brain to the body.
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ns3. Muscle Attachment
The skeleton has moveable joints but it cannot move on its own. It is the muscles in our body which bring about movement. Bones have muscles attached to them by TENDONS.
Humerus
RadiusUlna
Biceps MuscleTriceps Muscle
The bones of the right arm at the elbow joint
Q: Can you identify the three bones above?Q: Can you name the two muscles shown?Q: How are the muscles attached to the bones?
Biceps TendonTriceps Tendon
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ns4. Formation of Blood Cells
Bones are not completely solid inside. They would be too heavy for us to carry around if they were. The final function of the skeleton is to create BLOOD CELLS. This is done in the red bone marrow.
They carry oxygen to the tissues in the body
They help fight infections and aid our immune system
They help blood clotting
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
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Finally, our muscles help hold the body in position giving it shape and form, but when they move the body, bone would rub directly against bone, effectively grinding it away. Bones have an added protection against this. It is called CARTILAGE.
Cartilage
Cartilage is a soft spongy material that covers the end of bones. In our knees we have two types of cartilage; one acting as a shock absorber between the bones, (Meniscus), the other, a very smooth covering over the ends of the bones, with very low friction (Articular Cartilage).
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You have now completed Section 1a - ‘The Skeleton and Its Functions’
You should now move onto Section 1b – ‘The Joints of the Skeleton’
Created for Physical Education in Glasgow Secondary Schools
by
I.J.Brown – Saint Roch’s Sec. School
E.Gordon – Kings Park Sec. School
C.McGourty – Holyrood Sec. School
