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Matakuliah : U0173 / FOTOGRAFI 1

PHOTOGRAPHY 1Basic Techniques of Photography

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Basic Techniques Of Photography

Long Depth Of FieldShort Depth of FieldFreezeSlow MotionPanning

Diaphragm / aperture

Shutter speed

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Depth of field

Depth of field is the technical term used to describe the 'zone of sharpness' between nearest and furthest of a subject in focus.

Aperture/diaphragms

Bigger the aperture, shorter the depth of field

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Elements that will affects Depth of Field :

The lens opening (the bigger the apertures of diaphragm, the zone of sharpness is shallower or vice versa)

The focal length of the lens (the wide angle lenses have extended field of sharpness than a longer focal length lenses and vice versa)

The distance from the lens to the subject (the nearer the subject is, the shallower the zone of sharpness and vice versa)

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F 1,4

Depth of field

F 5,6

F 16

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Short Depth Of Field

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Short Depth Of Field

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Short Depth Of Field

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Short Depth Of Field

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Short Depth Of Field

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Short Depth Of Field

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Long Depth Of Field

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Long Depth Of Field

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Long Depth Of Field

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Long Depth Of Field

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Long Depth Of Field

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Short Depth of Field with f 2Long Depth of Field with f 16

Short vs Long Depth Of Field

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Short vs Long Depth Of Field

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SHUTTER SPEEDS

Shutter Speed : Shutter speed regulates the time duration at which the shutter curtain open up and close during an

exposure process, so it’s automatically capture the object action/movement too.

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Shutter Speed Numbers

1 , ½ , 1/4 , 1/8 , 1/15 , 1/30 , 1/60 , 1/125

1/250 , 1/500 , 1/1000 , 1/2000 , 1/4000 , 1/8000 ,

These numbers represents how fast / slow the shutter is opened. (The number representations are in seconds)

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SHUTTER SPEEDS

Fast Shutter speed Slow shutter speed

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Freeze

Capturing an action with high/fast shutter speedSo we can ‘freeze’ the action

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Freeze

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Freeze

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Freeze

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Slow Motion / Movement

Capturing an action with slow shutter speed (slower than the object's speed)With slow shutter speed, we can capture the movement of the object. The movement can be seeing with blurry or unfocused effect.

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Slow Motion / Movement

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Slow Motion / Movement

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Slow Motion / Movement

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Slow Shutter Speed

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Slow Shutter Speed + Flash

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Shutter Speed : 1/15 Shutter Speed : 1/250

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PanningTechnique of swinging the camera to follow a moving subject, used to convey the impression of speed.Slower shutter speed is used, so that a sharp image of the moving object is recorded against a blurred background.

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Matakuliah : U0173 / FOTOGRAFI 1

PHOTOGRAPHY 1Films

(Basic Knowledge)

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Film

1. What is ASA / ISO / DIN

2. Understanding ASA / ISO

3. Types of film that is available on the market

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ASA / ISO / DIN

ASA : American Standard Association

ISO : International Standard Organization

DIN : Deutsche Index Number (German standard associations)

Before all films can be sold in a specific country they must go through a testing and certification test from one or more of the following organization.

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ASA Numbers

1 , 1.25 , 1.5 , 2 , 2.5 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10

12 , 16 , 20 , 25 , 32 , 40 , 50 , 64 , 80 , 100 , 125 ,160 , 200 , 250 ,320 , 400 , 500

640 , 800 , 1000 ,1250 , 1600 , 2000 , 2500 , 3200 , 4000 , 5000 , 6400 , 8000 ,10000 , 12500

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Understanding ASA / ISO / DIN

The numbers are guides set by international standard that measures the sensitivity of a certain kind of film towards light

The higher the numbers would mean that the film is more sensitive towards light and would need less exposure to achieve the same effect compared to a lower ASA / ISO.

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Balancing The Scales

Now that we know Aperture, Shutter speed, and ASA how does this affect the pictures that we take ?

Triangular Concept (by Lister)

• If we remember correctly to mathematical calculation , how many degrees are there in a triangle if we add all the 3 sides ?

• How do we apply this theory to the basics of exposure in picture taking ?