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Leadership Chapter # : 5

Leadership Styles

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Leadership Continuum: Classic Leadership Styles:

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Leadership behavior can be classified in terms of how much involvement leaders have with people related versus work related issues.

Research into initiating structures and consideration, and work centered versus employee centered leadership extended these ideas.

Leadership Continuum: Classic Leadership Styles (Cont,d):

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What is Leadership Style?

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The manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people.ORThe relatively consistent patterns of behavior that characterizes a leader.

Types of Leadership Styles:

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No Two Are Alike, means that no two People lead in exactly the same way.Following are several of the mostcommon leadership styles:

Types of Leadership Styles(Cont’)

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1. Autocratic Leadership Style: Is based oncentralization and most of the autocratic leaders retain authority for themselves and autocratic leaders are also called dictator.

Characteristics of Autocratic Leaders: Leader makes decisions without reference to

anyone else Can create de-motivation and alienation

(isolation) of staff They usually are not concerned with

groupmembers attitudes toward a decision.

Autocratic leaders are usually task oriented,Example: what to do and when to finish the

activities

Characteristics of AutocraticLeaders (Cont’)

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No Mistakes: The autocratic or dictator expects performance to be the highestquality at all times. Mistakes aren't tolerated and mistakes usually result in dismissal or some other form of punishment for the individual.

When this Style Works Best?

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The autocratic or dictator can be Particularly effective when a group has gotten out of control and is making little or no effort to actually work.In suchcases, the dictator can provide a

wake-up call to team members that they are each individually responsible for carrying the work properly.

2. Participative or DemocraticLeadership Style:

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Is based on decentralization and we can also say empowerment. The leader in this situation strives to make sure that group is well informed and participating in the direction of the team as a whole.For Example: Kate holds regular meetings each morning for her team and in the staff meeting she outline the agenda she has prepared for the day.

Characteristics of Participativeor Democratic Leaders

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Here is the list of the characteristics ofParticipative or democratic leaders: Participative leaders share their

decision making with group members. Participation: These type of leaders

engage the team in most aspects of business, and making sure that eachmember of the team should equally understand what is going on throughout the unit.

Characteristics of Participativeor Democratic Leaders (cont’)

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Encourages decision making from different perspectives

Workers feel ownership of the firm and its ideas

Improves the sharing of ideasand experiences within the business

They function as collectors of group opinion and take a vote before making a decision

When this Style Works Best?

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The almost democracy works best when You are leading a highly innovative staff that still needs direction.

3. The Free-Rein LeadershipStyle

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Mix of both autocratic and democratic style. This free in is also called Laissez-faire a French word mean do not interfere.

Characteristics of Free-Rein Style: Team members are allowed all the freedom

they want as long as they don not violate policy

They delegates the authority completely

The Leadership Grid Style

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The leadership grid is formerly know as the managerial grid is a framework or structure and specifying the concern for the production and employee dimensions of leadership.The grid is also a comprehensive system of leadership training and organization development.Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton (1985):

The Leadership Grid Style

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C O N C E R N F O R R E S U L T S

1,9 9,9Country

ClubTeam

ManagemenManagement

5,5

Middle Of Road

Management

9,11,1

mpoverishedAuthority

Management ComplianceManagemen

The Leadership Grid Style(Cont’)

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Key Grid Positions:Authority Compliance (9.1): Maximum concern for production and minimum concern for the people.

A leader in this orientation concentrates on maximizing production by exercising power and authority dictating to people

The Leadership Grid Style(Cont’)

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Country Club Management (1.9):The country club style shows a minimum concern forproduction and maximum concern for people. Primary attention is placed on good feelings among team members and coworkers. Impoverished Management (1.1):This style shows minimum concern both for production and people. (according to the current definition of leadership this kind of manager does not qualify as a leader)

The Leadership Grid Style(Cont’)

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Middle of the Road (5.5):This type of leader compromise between high production and employee satisfaction at optimum level of ensuring effective performance by the group.

Team Management (9.9):This style of management integrates concern for production and people. It seeks to gain optimum results through

participation, involvement, and commitment.

AuthoritarianTeam

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Country Club Impoverished

Task oriented

Strong on schedules

Expects directions to be followed

Intolerant of dissent

Task oriented

Positive examples

Fosters environment for people to reach their highest potential

Works to strengthen bonds among team members

Uses rewards almost exclusively

Thoughtful attention to needs of people, friendly

Delegates

Detaches from team

Lets team work out power struggles

Low commitment to task accomplishment

Which Style is best?

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Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton(1985):

The creators of the Grid argue strongly for the value of team management (9.9). They present evidence that the team management orientation usually results….

1. Improved performance

2. Low absenteeism

3. Low turnover

4. High employee satisfaction

The Entrepreneurial Leadership Style:

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Entrepreneurs… General picture about them is that they are task oriented and charismatic leader. They drive themselves and others relentlessly, yet they inspire others.

Entrepreneurial leadership style often incorporate certain behaviors. Stevenson regards it as a behavior focusing on the pursuit of opportunity without regard to available resources.

The Entrepreneurial Leadership Style(Cont,d):

• Behaviors are… ..:

Strong achievement motive & sensible risk taking High degree of enthusiasm & creativity Tendency to act quickly when opportunity arises Constant hurry Visionary Perspective Dislike of hierarchy & Bureaucracy Preference for dealing with external customers

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Women …. Exhibit cooperative , empowering style Nurture team members Are better listeners than males Find participative management style more natural Feel more comfortable interacting with people Are slightly more likely to be described as charismatic Women’s natural sensitivity to people gives them an

edge over men in encouraging group to participate in decision making

Gender Difference of Leadership Styles:

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Women score high on transformation factor than men, they rely heavily on interpersonal skills

Women care more than men Women are likely to praise workers more than men Men tend to manage by punishment and women by

reward Men incline towards command & control, militaristic

leadership style

Gender Difference of Leadership Styles:

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