1 IEC61850_Scope and parts of the standard.pdf

02/2007 1

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power AutomationProgress. It‘s that simple.

Power Transmission and DistributionCommunication in Substations with IEC 61850Scope & Parts of the standard

Markus Spangler, Siemens AG, PTD EA 13

05/2007 2



Overview

Present situation in substation automation

Status and content of IEC 61850

New Architecture

Logical Nodes

Services in IEC 61850

GOOSE-Messages

05/2007 3



Present situation of communicationprotocols for substations

There are over 50 protocols worldwide forsubstation automation in use

05/2007 4



Present situation of communicationprotocols for substations

Most protocols are designed for small bandwith and for serialconnections (technical design from 1985-1994 e.g. IEC 60850-5-103)

05/2007 5



Technological trends � overview

yesterday / today today / future

Analog world Digital world -> Mainstream Ethernet

http://images.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/thumb/e/ed/Telefon04_2.jpg/310px-Telefon04_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nummernschalter&h=229&w=310&sz=30&hl=de&start=1&tbnid=ctt0fRzTHUEENM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dw%25C3%25A4hlscheibe%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DN

05/2007 6



IEC 61850 – “Communication networks and systems in substations”

• Fully supports all substation automation functionscomprising control, protection and monitoring

• A global standard and the key to interoperable Solutions

• Future-proof Architecture, easy Extension and safeguarding Investments

• Optimisation of system architectures possible (scalable technology)

• Provides engineering and maintenance support by means of the substation configuration language based on XML

• Uses readily available industrial Ethernet and communication components

05/2007 7



Requirements of utilities - worldwide

Long-term expandability of a systemPossibility of combining a variety of manufacturers

Long-term exchangeability of equipment for simpler stocking of parts-> refurbishment business

Saving time and reducing costsInvestment expenditure and operation costs

Costs and time for changes and expansion made in service

Execution time of Projects

Manageable complexitySeamless, self-describing engineering

Standardization

05/2007 8



Existing technology in substations

Substation controllevel

Processlevel

Field level

Control center / level

IEC 60870-5-101, DNP, ...

IEC 60870-5-101 / 103, DNP, ...

Hard wired binaryinputs / outputs

100V..120V, 1A/5A Hard wired

05/2007 9



View into the future � Scope of IEC 61850

Substation controllevel

Processlevel

Field level

Control center level

IEC 60870-5-101, DNP, ...

Client / Server (Part 7 / 8)

GOOSE (Part 7 / 8)

Sampled Values (Part 9) GOOSE

IEC 60870-5-104, DNP3, Future: IEC 61850

IEC

618

50

05/2007 10



Status and content of IEC 61850

Part of standard Status§ System aspects

§ Intro 1 ready§ Glossary 2 ready§ General Requirements Devices 3 ready§ System and Project Management 4 ready§ Communication Requirements 5 ready

§ Engineering 6 ready

§ Data and Service Model§ Intro 7-1 ready§ Data Model (Data of Functions) 7-2 ready§ Data Model (Attributes of Data) 7-3 ready§ Service Model, Data Model 7-4 ready

§ Mapping to Real Communication Networks§ Substation Communication 8-1 ready§ Sampled Values (2 Docs) 9-1, 9-2 ready

§ Conformance Testing 10 ready

05/2007 11



The present solution: IEC 61850

IEC 61850One World

One common codefor substation automationworldwide

05/2007 12



First manufacturer worldwide with an IEC 61850Level A certificate from KEMA for all devices

Level Aforindependent test

Level B formanufacturer test

05/2007 13



IEC 61850 – present areas of application

IEC 61850

Medium-voltage substationsAir insulated substations

Highly integratedsubstations HIS ®

Gas insulated substations

05/2007 14



Interoperability

What are the requirements for Interoperability

Uniform standardisation:Service (Service model)

Language (Data model)

Protocol (TCP – IP (Reporting),Ethertype (GOOSE))

Communication medium (Ethernet)

Engineering date-exchange (XML - language)

Conformity testing

IEC 61850 fulfill these requirements

05/2007 15



Interoperability ≠ Interchangeability

Interoperabilityis the ability of two or more IEDs

from the same vendor, or different vendors,to exchange information and uses that information for correct co-

operation.

Interchangeabilityability to replace a device supplied by one manufacturer with a

device supplied by another manufacturer, without making changesto the other elements in the system.

IEC 61850 Part 1“Interchangeability is beyond this communication standard.”

05/2007 16



What does IEC 61850 achieve?

Timesynchronisation

with SNTP

Systemconfiguration

IEC 61850

Communicationbetween

bay devices

Fault recordsin Comtrade

format

Standardcommunication

with TCP - IP Based onEthernet Standard

(e.c. Ethertype)

Standardisedlanguage fordescribingsubstation

Defines structurefor protection and

control

05/2007 17



New Architecture creates advantages

Distributed IntelligenceNo more classical Master/Slave configuration and bottlenecks

Engineering ToolsDIGSI

SAT - Toolbox

Client / Server Architecture with Distributed Intelligence

SCADA – WAN

Station bus

Process

Ethernet IEC61850

CorporateNetwork TCP/IP

HMI Station Unitwith time –

server(CLIENT)

independent communication

Servers

05/2007 18



Client-Server Architecture

•Client holdsconnections withseveral servers

• Servers report theinformation to thatclient

Client ClientClient

server server server

05/2007 19



Client-Server Architecture

Client Client Client

•Server supportsconnections withseveral clientssimultaneously

(max. 5 clients withSIPROTEC 4 devicesallowed)server serverserver

05/2007 20


Power AutomationProgress. It‘s that simple. Control and Reporting

05/2007 21



Publisher-Subscriber-Architecture

Fast Inter-Device Communication (GOOSE)

redundant 100MBit/s Ethernet Net

Multicast

05/2007 22



The idea behind IEC 61850: Separation

Seperation of: IEC 61850:

Data ModellData ModellApplication(e.g. Protection)

Service(e.g. Control, Report) Service, RulesService, Rules

Communication(e.g. MMS/TCP/IP/Ethernet) MappingMapping

because data did not change and will not changebut the communication technology will

05/2007 23



IEC 61850: Separation

Example Protection IEC 61850:

FunctionDistance

Communi-cation Modul

MappingEthernet

Data ModelData Model

Service, RulesService, Rules

MappingMapping

Ethernet

05/2007 24



New Term - Mapping

Data ModelData Model Position of Circuit Breaker(standardised name)

Service, RulesService, Rules Get Value(standardised service)

Manufacturing Message Specification(real protocol)

READ VARIABLE(real service)

MappingMapping

READ Position of Circuit Breaker

05/2007 25



Data model

Data model Considering the functionality how are the data of a switchgear and control modeled according to the IEC61850? How does this influence your data and specification?

?SS1

SS2380kV

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

K1 K2

E1 E2 E3

SS-Erdungs-und Messfeld

Abgangs-feld

Längs-trennung Kupplung

SS-ErdungTransformatorfeld

Einspeise-feld

Transfor-matorfeld

Abgangs-feld

SS2

SS1110kV

10kV

Σ i

T15T25

Q15

Q25

Q1 Q2

Q51

Q0

Q52

T1

T5

Q10

Q16

Q26

Q51

Q52

T1

T5

Q52

Q1

Q7Q9 Q7

Q75 Q8

Q8

T1

T5

Q0

Q51

T6

Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2

Q51Q51

Q1 Q2

Q0

Q0

T1

T1

T5

Q8

T11

Q52

US380kV

Q0

Q2

Q51

Q7Q9

Q6T1

T5

T411

EB

T2

T3

Q0

Q1

Q8

Q2

Q52

Q9

Q1Q16

Q0 Q0

T1T1

T2

AbgangsfeldTransformatorfeld

Q15

T5

K3

SS-Erdungs-u. Messfeld

TE1Transformator

E-Spule

Q1Q16

Q61

Data model

05/2007 26



IEC61850: Data model

E3

Feeder

SS2

SS1110kV

Q51

Q1 Q2

Q0

T1

T5

Q8

Q52

Q9

Feedback signal CBRControl command CBR

SS1

SS2380kV

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

K1 K2

E1 E2

SS-Erdungs-und Messfeld

Abgangs-feld

Längs-trennung Kupplung SS-

ErdungTransformatorfeld Einspeise-feld

Transfor-matorfeld

10kV

S i

T15T25

Q15

Q25

Q1 Q2

Q51

Q0

Q52

T1

T5

Q10

Q16

Q26

Q51

Q52

T1

T5

Q52

Q1

Q7Q9 Q7

Q75 Q8

Q8

T1

T5

Q0

Q51

T6

Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2

Q51

Q0

T1

T11

Q52

US380kV

Q0

Q2

Q51

Q7Q9

Q6T1

T5

T411

EB

T2

T3

Q0

Q1

Q8

Q2

Q1Q16

Q0 Q0T1 T1

T2

Abgangsfeld

E3Abgangs-

feld

SS2

SS1110kV

Q51

Q1 Q2

Q0

T1T5

Q8

Q52

Q9

Transformatorfeld

Q15

T5

K3SS-Erdungs-u. Messfeld

TE1Transformator

E-Spule

Q1Q16

Q61

05/2007 27



The idea behind IEC 61850: Logical Node

Concept of a Logical Node (LN)

Basic Function(e.g. protection function)

InputData

OutputData

Configuration Data (ON, OFF, test..)

>block LNstarttrip

§ Functions still remain vendor specific

§ Signals for the data exchange become standardised(mandatory signals, e.g. strt, op)

§ Even the private signals of a manufacturer can be described withstandard LN (GGIO)

05/2007 28



Logical Node: There are 92 nodes available

Group Indicator Logical node groups

A Automatic Control

C Supervisory control

G Generic Function References

I Interfacing and Archiving

L System Logical Nodes

M Metering and Measurement

P Protection functions

R Protection related functions

S Sensors

T Instrument Transformer

X Switchgear

Y Power Transformer

Z Further (power system) equipment

MMXU Measuring (Measurand unit)MMTR MeteringMSQI Sequence and ImbalanceMHAI Harmonics and Inter-harmonicsMDIF Differential Measurements

XCBR Circuit BreakerXSWI Circuit Switch

PSCH Protection SchemePTEF Transient Earth FaultPZSU Zero speed or underspeedPDIS Distance protection…more

SIMG Insulation medium meas unitSARC Monitoring and diagnostics for

arcsSPDC Monitoring and diagnostics for

partial discharge

05/2007 29



Data: There are about 350 classes

355

66Measurands

14Metered values

36Controllable Data

85Status information

11Physical device inform.

130Settings

13System information

NumberData Classes A - Phase to ground amperes for Phases 1, 2, and 3Amps - Current of a non three phase circuitAng - Angle between phase voltage and currentAnIn - Analogue Input used for generic I/OChAnVal - Array of analogue channel numbers and actual values at a certain time (time tag)CircA - Measured circulating current in a transformer paralleling applicationCtlV - Voltage on secondary of transformer as used for voltage control. Den - Density of gas or other insulating MediumDQ0Seq - Direct, quadrature, and zero axis quantity HaTdV - Voltage Total Harmonic DistortionMore…..

05/2007 30



The idea behind IEC 61850A real relay is composed by Logical Nodes

Composed to real devicesPool of about 90 Logical Nodes

LN XCBR

LN CSWI

LN PTOC

LN CSWI

LN PDIS

IED Ae.g.7SA6

LN CSWI

LN PTOC

IED Be.g.7SJ6

05/2007 31



Modelling Example

Example: Bay unit with time over current protection, control, measurement

IED1

Phys. device name

IED2

IED1

PTOC

GGIO

CSWI

MMXU

LD EXT: Siemens-specific indications

LD CTRL: Switch Control

LD MEAS: Measurement Unit

XCBRLD CRTL: Circuit

Breaker

LD PROT: Time Over Current

IED - Intelligent Electronic Device (each device with a communication interface)

05/2007 32



Hierarchy of the Data Model

Physical Devices

Server nServer 1

LogicalDevice n

LogicalDevice 1

LogicalNode n

LogicalNode 1

LogicalNode Zero

Client 1

Physical Dev.Information

blue coloured words means “is part of the datamodel”

DataObject n

DataObject 1

Attribute 1Attribute n

05/2007 33



IEC 61850-7: Addressing “Switching Circuit Breaker”

CTRL/Q0CSWI1.Pos.stVal

Logical Device Name (PROT, CTRL, MEAS, EXT) (free)

Logical Node Name Prefix (free)

Data Object Name (fixed)

Attribute Name (fixed)

Logical Node Class (fixed)Logical Node Name Suffix (free)

05/2007 34



IEC 61850: Modelling Example

Q0CSWI

Q1CSWIQ0XCBR

+

+

-

CTRL/Q0CSWI.Pos

CTRL logical device: Control

Mode ModeBeh BehaviorHealth HealthNamePlt Name plateLoc Local operationOperCnt Operation counter Pos Switch position general PosA Switch Position Phase A PosB Switch Position Phase B PosC Switch Position Phase COpOpn Operation “open switch”OpCls Operation “close switch”

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

+

+

logicalnodes

dataobjects

05/2007 35



+

+

- Q0CSWI

PTOCRREC

Mode ModeBeh BehaviorHealth HealthNamePlt Name plateLoc Local operationOperCnt Operation counterPos Switch position general

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

ctlValstValpulseConfigoperTimq…more

intermediate-state (0)off (1)on (2)bad-state (3)

CTRL/Q0CSWI.Pos

IEC 61850: Modelling Example

CRTL.Q0CSWI.Pos.stVal = 1 means,that the circuit switch is in OFF position

logical device: ControlCTRL

dataobjects

dataattributes

05/2007 36



IEC 61850 modelling of a SIPROTEC 4 device

Device name

Logical device (PROT)

Logical device (CTRL)

Logical node (PDIS1)

Data object name(str -> pickup)

05/2007 37



IEC 61850: Services

Control (normal/enhanced, select before operate)

Buffered and Unbuffered Report

Logging

GOOSE (fast interbay communication)

Substitution

Setting Group

Sampled Value

Time Synchronisation (SNTP)

File Transfer and other services (fault records)

Supported services of a device must be described in the PICS(protocol implementation conformance statement)

05/2007 38



IEC 61850: Service Control

Controlling of devices like breakers down from substation control level site (Clients)

The following different control modes are described:SBO control with normal security

Direct control with normal security

Direct control with enhanced security

SBO control with enhanced security

05/2007 39



IEC 61850: Service Reporting I

Reporting provides immediate or after some buffer time transmission of events.

Reporting is controlled by constraints.Reporting (and logging as well) as the basic services of the data model

provide flexible data retrieval schemas, for example:– change-of-state notification of clients: immediate reports– sequence-of-events: keeping reports in sequence– polling data at any time

The main characteristics of reporting are:– timely reports serve as an indication to clients under real-time constraints

(optionally keeping sequence-of-events to the client)– the impact on network bandwidth is minimized,– sending reports only when required (controlled by several attributes)– low-frequency integrity scan and client-initiated general interrogation

05/2007 40



IEC 61850: Service Reporting II

There are two classes of report control defined, each with a slightly different behaviour:

– UNBUFFERED-REPORT-CONTROL-BLOCK (URCB) – internal events (caused by trigger options data-change, quality-change, and data-update) issue immediate sending of reports on a “best efforts” basis. If no association exists, or if the transport data flow is not fast enough to support it, events may be lost.

– BUFFERED-REPORT-CONTROL-BLOCK (BRCB) – internal events (caused by trigger options data-change, quality-change, and data-update) issue immediate sending of reports or buffer the events (to some practical limit) for transmission, such that values of DATA are not lost due to transport flow control constraints or loss of connection. BRCB provides the

sequence-of-events (SOE) functionality.

05/2007 41



IEC 61850: Service Logging

The logging model provides mechanisms to store events in the log insequence. A client may query a range of log entries at any time.

Data logging shall be independent of external application associations or other communication transactions. Even if communication is lost,historical events shall occur and shall be logged.

– The process of storing the historical records is completely asynchronous with retrieval over communications.

– The rate of generation of historical records can in some cases be much faster than the ability of communication processes to report the values to an external data base.

– Record retrieval shall allow external applications to request subsets of the entire historical data base for the purpose of maintaining an external, complete time or event-sequenced historical record.

05/2007 42



IEC 61850: Service GOOSE

Fast interbay communication between servers.One Goose publisher can have multiple subscribersClients are not affected

The GOOSE messages contain information that allow the receiving device to know that a status has changed and the time of the last status change. The time of the last status change allows a receiving device to set local timers relating to a given event.

All devices sending GOOSE messages shall continue to send the message with a long cycle time, even if no status/value change has occurred.

05/2007 43



IEC 61850: Service Substitution

The substitution model provides the substitution of values of DataAttributes whose functional constraint equals MX (for analogue values) or ST (for status values) and to the associated quality attribute.When substitution is enabled for a specific DataAttribute, the DATA shall provide the substituted values instead of the process value to the clients.

In the typical use case for substitution, an operator on the client side enters manually a value for a DataAttribute located in a specific device. The client sets the DataAttribute to the value entered. If a client accesses the value of that DataAttribute (for example, using aGetdataValue service or subscribing to a report) the client shall receive the manual entered (substituted) value instead of the value determined by the process.

Substition can be used e.g. if a device has a planned downtime because of maintenance.

05/2007 44



IEC 61850: Service Setting Group

An instance of a DATA usually has one value. The SETTING-GROUP-CONTROL-BLOCK (SGCB) model allows for an instance to have several values that can be used one at a time.The SGCB provides mechanisms to switch between several values of one or more DATA. Values that belong together build the so called setting group (SG).

The SG whose values are currently used by the DATA of a LOGICAL-NODE shall be in the state “active”. The SG that can be edited shall be in the state “edit”.

05/2007 45



IEC 61850: Service Sampled values

The model provides transmission of sampled values in an organized and time controlled way, so that the combined jitter of sampling and transmission is minimized to a degree that an unambiguous allocation of the samples, times, and sequence is provided.The model applies to the exchange of values of a DATA-SET. The information exchange is based on a publisher/subscriber mechanism. The publisher write the values in a local buffer at the sending side; the subscriber read the values from a local buffer at the receiving side. A time stamp shall be added to the values, so that the subscriber can check the timeliness of the values.The communication system is responsible to update the local buffers of the subscribers. A sampled value control (SVC) in the publisher shall be used to control the communication procedure.

Sampled values can be transmitted via multicast and unicast as well.

05/2007 46



IEC 61850: Service Time Synchronisation (SNTP)

The time and time-synchronization model shall provide the UTC synchronized time to applications located in server and client substation IEDs.

The time synchronisation model comprises

- the external information required by the time master from an externalsource to synchronize other substation server or client IEDs

- time server providing the source for the substation internal timesynchronization and source for time stamping (in case the time server

isimplemented together with an IEC 61850 client/server in one physicaldevice)

- time synchronization protocol providing time synchronization with otherIEDs. The used time synchronization is the well known SNTP-protocol

- the time stamp semantics used for information exchange- the presentation of the time stamps according to the chosen SCSM

(Specific communication service mappings)- the server and clients that need substation-wide synchronized time.

05/2007 47



IEC 61850: Service File Transfer

The file transfer services shall provide the functionality for transferring files from and to file stores and for managing file stores.

05/2007 48



61850-services in SIPROTEC4 and SICAM PAS

1. ControlSelect before Operate (SBO) with

enhanced security all commands to the HV-process

Direct Control with normal security all auxiliary controls

2. Information Report all information in monitoring direction

to the PAS-SC

3. GOOSE Inter-device communication

Interlockung, Blocking etc.

4. File TransferAlarm lists, Event lists, SOE

Transmission of fault records

5. Time Synchronisation

1

2

3

45

05/2007 49



IEC 61850 � GOOSE Principle

GOOSE transmitterDevice A

GOOSE receiverdevice B

GOOSE receiverdevice C

A device sends information by multicasting (message to ALL)Only devices which are subscribers work with this message.In the example: Receiver C subscribe the message of device A. Receiver B is not a subscriber but listen to the message, also.

EXAMPLE:

Ethe

rnet

GO

OSE

mes

sage

GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event)

e.ge.g..5050--1 1 pickedpicked up c/gup c/g

05/2007 50



Passing lane for IEC GOOSE

Buffer for normal telegrams

Ethernet-Switches should support this feature

GOOSE

Normal Telegrams

fast

Priority Tagging of GOOSE Telegrams (Ethertype)

IEC 61850 – GOOSE Principle

Only IEC 61850 benefits from the optionsof modern 100 Mbit-Ethernet.

This feature is not possible with UCA2.0,DNP and T104 !

05/2007 51



How GOOSE works:Cyclic and spontaneous GOOSE messages

tt5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (up (g)oingg)oinglogicallogical signalsignalfromfrom PTOC 1 PTOC 1

5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (up (c)omingc)oming 5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (up (g)oingg)oing

spontaneousspontaneous GOOSEGOOSE5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (c)up (c)

tt

CyclicCyclic GOOSEGOOSE5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (g)up (g)

cycliccyclic GOOSEGOOSE5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (g) spontaneousspontaneous GOOSEGOOSE

5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (g)up (g)

SS 2S2S

up (g)

intervalintervalZ = 1 sZ = 1 s

• cycle interval e.g. Z = 1 s (for monitoring of the status of received GOOSE messages at the receiver: here OC-Feed4)

• switch from cyclic to spontaneous when signal changes (50-1 pick up (c) )• N spontaneous repeats tS = 2N*S (N=0,1,2,3…for tS < Z, S = 5 ms)• switch from spontaneous to cyclic when tS > Z

SS 2S2S 4S4S ttS = 8S= 8S

cycliccyclic GOOSEGOOSE5050--1 1 pickedpicked up (g)up (g)

55 10 ms10 ms 20 ms20 ms 40 ms40 ms 55 10 ms10 ms

05/2007 52



Protocol stack of IEC 61850

Layer 7Application

Layer 4Transport

Layer 3Internet

Layer 1-2physics+connection

05/2007 53



Complete engineering process acc. IEC 61850

Library

ICD-Filedevice of othervendor

ICD-File

IED Configuration Tool (DIGSI)

SSD-File

Library

System SpecificationTool (???)

SCD-File

CID-File(optional)

parame-ter file

System ConfigurationTool (Part of Digsi)

IED Configuration Tool (Digsi)

ICD - IED capability...

SCD - substation configuration…

SSD - system specification…

CID - configured IED…description

05/2007 54



Engineering process of IEC 61850Solution with DIGSI

DevicedescriptionVendor X

System Description

Siprotecdevicelibrary

DeviceConfiguration

Vendor X

System-Configu-

ration

DeviceDescription

Configu-ration

SIPROTEC

05/2007 55



IEC 61850 – Ready for Use

• IEC 61850 specification has been approved as an international Standard

• Tools for Analysis andTests are available

• Interoperability Tests were successfully carried out

05/2007 56



Thank you very much for your attention.

1 IEC61850_Scope and parts of the standard.pdf

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Transcript of 1 IEC61850_Scope and parts of the standard.pdf