1 GURME Workshop October 2003 Emission Inventories for Santiago, Chile Héctor Jorquera, Jaime...
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Transcript of 1 GURME Workshop October 2003 Emission Inventories for Santiago, Chile Héctor Jorquera, Jaime...
11GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003
Emission Inventories for Emission Inventories for Santiago, ChileSantiago, Chile
Héctor Jorquera, Jaime Escobar, Julio CastroHéctor Jorquera, Jaime Escobar, Julio Castro
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y BioprocesosDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos
Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, ChileVicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
[email protected]@ing.puc.cl, , [email protected]@puc.cl, , [email protected]@ing.puc.cl
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 22
ContentsContents
• Technical Description of SAIE System
• A glance at EDB DICTUC 2000
• Current resources and needs
• Current research cooperation
• Example using CAMx: January 2000
• Work in progress
• Conclusions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 33
Overview of SAIE SystemOverview of SAIE System
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 55
STATIONARYSTATIONARY
POINTPOINT AREAAREA
COMBUSTIONIND. PROCESSESEVAPORATIVES
COMBUSTIONIND. PROCESSESEVAPORATIVES
RESIDENTIALCOMMERCIAL
OTHER
RESIDENTIALCOMMERCIAL
OTHER
MOBILEMOBILE
ON ROADON ROAD OFF ROADOFF ROAD
BUSESTRUCKS
LIGHT DUTYCOMMERCIAL
TAXISMOTORCYCLES
BUSESTRUCKS
LIGHT DUTYCOMMERCIAL
TAXISMOTORCYCLES
AIRPORTSAGRICULTURE
CONSTRUCTIONPORT
AIRPORTSAGRICULTURE
CONSTRUCTIONPORT
FUGITIVE SOURCESFUGITIVE SOURCES
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION RESUSPENDED DUSTRESUSPENDED DUST AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
BUILDINGSROADS
BUILDINGSROADS
PAVED ROADSUNPAVED ROADS
PAVED ROADSUNPAVED ROADS
SOURCESSOURCES
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 66
Stationary source emissionsStationary source emissions
• Based on U.S. EPA AP-42 methodology
• Raw data: – SESMA annual listing of permitted stationary
sources, – Annual emission statement by industry
(mandatory)
– Measurements of PM10 and gases
– Census data for residential sources– Statistics of fuel consumption.
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 77
Urban Transport System at SantiagoUrban Transport System at Santiago
Population:Population: 5.6 million5.6 millionEconomics:Economics: 47 % of the GDP47 % of the GDPPublic transport:Public transport: 8,000 buses 8,000 buses Bus routes:Bus routes: 327 lines327 linesMetro lines:Metro lines: 3 (40 Klms.)3 (40 Klms.)Cars:Cars: 95950,000 0,000
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 88
?
Basic Tasks of the Strategic Transportation Model Basic Tasks of the Strategic Transportation Model
DistributionDistribution
AssignmentAssignment 123
Trip GenerationTrip GenerationAnd DemandAnd Demand
123Modal PartitioningModal Partitioning
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 99
Outcomes of ESTRAUSS:Outcomes of ESTRAUSS:•Vehicle counts on each link of the road network•Fleet composition•Average speed on each link•Fluxes between city zones by type of modaltransport.
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1010
A Glance at EDB DICTUC 2000A Glance at EDB DICTUC 2000
• MODEM emissions checked with fuel consumption by type of vehicle
• COV speciation was incorporated in point, area and mobile sources:– Mobile: from COPERT II– Point and area: using EPA’s SPECIATE
library– Fully bottom up approach
• Consistency check between Airviro’s EDB module, SAIE/MODEM output and CAMx input emission files. Discrepancy < 1%
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1111
Summary of EDB DICTUC 2000 (ton/year)Summary of EDB DICTUC 2000 (ton/year)Pollutant Point Area Mobile Total
CO 11,267 5,139 192,053 208,459
NOX 12,608 1,190 42,592 56,390
SOX 4,838 129 2,026 6,994
COV 829 52,000 20,273 73,102
PM2.5 360 984 1,701 3,045
PM10 502 1,008 2,116 3,626
Fugitive PM2.5 &
Fugitive PM10
64
192
7,593
26,414
7,657
26,607
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1212
Example: CO emissionsExample: CO emissions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1313
Example: NOExample: NOXX emissions emissions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1414
Example: SOExample: SO22 emissions emissions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1515
Example: Isoprene emissionsExample: Isoprene emissions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1616
Example: PMExample: PM1010 emissions emissions
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1717
Current Resources: StaffCurrent Resources: Staff• H. Jorquera: expertise on air quality
modeling, air quality forecast• J. Escobar: expertise on EDB
management, USA training on EDB development
• J. Castro: expertise on CALMET, AIRVIRO, CAMx;
• Students: many talented students, but poor incentives to pursue MSc/PhD programs….
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1818
Current Funding and NeedsCurrent Funding and Needs• Funding from:
– CONAMA: development of a photochemical model for Santiago.
– Other public institutions– Modest funding from abroad (BC-UK)
• Critical needs:– Adequate space in campus– Support for graduate students– Staff training in ESL, EWS, Meteorology,
MM5, Integrated Analyses, EDSS
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 1919
Current Research Cooperation:Current Research Cooperation:• UC/Statistics: W. Palma, J. Tapia (U. Valparaiso)
– AQ Intervention analyses (AE, 2000)– Statistical ozone forecasting (JOF, 2002)– Long memory estimation (CS&DA, 2003)– Influence analysis (Jose’s PhD Thesis, 2003)– No external funding whatsoever…
• Imperial College: V. Vesovic, Earth Science & Engineering:– Trends in air quality and population exposure 1989-2001
( IJEP, 2003)– A Neural Network Supervised Performance of CAMx
(work in progress)– Modest funding (LINK BC, ends 2004)
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2020
Application of CAMxApplication of CAMx• Model handles gas phase
photochemistry, primary and secondary aerosols, EC, OC, PM10, PM2.5 and selected tracers
• Meteorological fields: CALMET+MM5 and CALMET + HIRLAM
• EDB DICTUC 2000
• Preliminary results for CO, NOx, O3
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2121
Modeling DomainModeling Domain
Grid settings:
60 E-W, 40 N-S
2 x 2 km cells
8 vertical levels, up to 3 km a.g.l.
Origin: 270 km (E), 6250 km (N)
Grid settings:
60 E-W, 40 N-S
2 x 2 km cells
8 vertical levels, up to 3 km a.g.l.
Origin: 270 km (E), 6250 km (N)
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2222
CO January 2000: Station BCO January 2000: Station BCO estación B
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.502.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
Obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2323
CO January 2000: Station QCO January 2000: Station QCO estación Q
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
Obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2424
CO January 2000: Station GCO January 2000: Station GCO estación G
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2525
CO January 2000: Station JCO January 2000: Station JCO estación J
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(m
g/m
3)
obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2626
NONO22 January 2000: Station N January 2000: Station NNO2 estación N
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
Obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2727
NONO22 January 2000: Station P January 2000: Station PNO2 estación P
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
Obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2828
NO January 2000: Station PNO January 2000: Station PNO estación P
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc
(mg
/m3)
Obs
sim
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 2929
OO33 January 2000: Station M January 2000: Station MO3 estación M
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc (m
g/m
3)
Obs 1996 Campaign SAIE EPA
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 3030
OO33 January 2000: Station Q January 2000: Station QO3 estación Q
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc (m
g/m
3)
Obs 1996 Campaign SAIE EPA
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 3131
OO33 January 2000: Station J January 2000: Station JO3 estación J
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
20000116 20000117 20000118 20000119 20000120 20000121 20000122 20000123
Hora
Co
nc (m
g/m
3)
obs 1996 Campaign SAIE EPA
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 3232
Work in progressWork in progress
• Improving VOC speciation using ambient VOC campaigns and further information.
• Projecting EDB for the 2004 scenario, including the TRANSANTIAGO initiative.
• Estimation of emission reductions for the 1997-2004 span of the PPDA initiative.
• Estimation of AQ benefits from PPDA.
GURME Workshop October 2003GURME Workshop October 2003 3333
ConclusionsConclusions• EDB DICTUC 2000 updated and completed,
including point, area, mobile and biogenic sources.
• EDB available in the AIRVIRO system for different statistical reports.
• EDB DICTUC 2000 with spatial and temporal resolution for modeling purposes.
• SAIE modules developed for generating inputs to UAM-IV, CAMx, CADM (CBM-IV and RADM2).
• There are problems with the VOC emissions and speciation, particularly from area sources.
• These pitfalls require further efforts to be resolved.