1 A Brain Alight with Laughter… Visual cortex Prefrontal cortex Motor cortex Basal ganglia...
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Transcript of 1 A Brain Alight with Laughter… Visual cortex Prefrontal cortex Motor cortex Basal ganglia...
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A Brain Alight with Laughter…A Brain Alight with Laughter…
Visual cortexPrefrontalcortex
Motor cortex
Basal gangliaHypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pyramidal systemBrainstemLimbicsystem
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When laughter is not funny
Pathological laughterFits of abnormal laughter, producing an inappropriate, unrestrained, uncontrollable
laughter dissociated from any stimulus.
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When something goes wrong with this complex system
Damage provoked in the neural circuitresponsible for the motor expression of laughter, may cause
a "desinhibition" of the laughtermechanism
Areas involved withlaughter expression
mechanism
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Teoria de Damasio & Damasio• O riso patológico ocorre por lesões
críticas nas vias cortico-ponto-cerebelares;
• Como conseqüência, as estruturas cerebelares que automaticamente ajustam a execução do riso no contexto cognitivo, operam com base em informações incompletas sobre o contexto e os estimulos;
• Isso resulta num comportamento inadequado e até mesmo caótico
Córtex
Ponte Cerebelo
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Pathological laughter occurs in:
• Tumors • Epilepsy• Trauma • Vascular malformations• Strokes • Neural toxicity • Neural degeneration
All these conditions provoke an imbalance in the laughter expression mechanism
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Riso patológico ocorre em:• Derrame na cápsula interna, tálamo, ponte ventral, gânglios
basais e hipotálamo (área da artéria cerebral média)• Esclerose múltipla e esclerose lateral amiotrófica (10% dos
pacientes)• Malformações vasculares do mesencéfalo• Puberdade precoce• Meningiomas, gliomas, etc. no mesencéfalo e tronco• Trauma encefálico severo• Paralisia pseudo-bulbar• Hamartoma hipotalâmico
Cont.
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Hamartoma Hipotalâmico
Hamartoma: malformaçãovascular com característicastumorais na base do cérebro
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Epilepsia Gelástica
• Gelos: alegria, em grego. Ciência que estuda o riso: gelotologia
• Síndrome convulsiva psicomotora, que ocorre como conseqüência de atividade elétrica anormal focal em certas regiões do cérebro;
• Acompanhado por automatismos motores;• Na maioria das vezes associado a um hamartoma
hipotalâmico