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Feeding Feeding RelationshipRelationship

ss

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Energy FlowEnergy Flow

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Chemical Chemical CyclesCycles

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Human Human ActivitiesActivities

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ConservationConservation

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EcologyEcology

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Organisms that Organisms that convert light convert light energy into energy into

chemical energychemical energy

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ProducersProducers

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Organisms that Organisms that obtain energy by obtain energy by

feeding on feeding on producers or other producers or other

consumers, and consumers, and another that feeds another that feeds on waste and dead on waste and dead organisms.organisms.

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Consumers and Consumers and DecomposersDecomposers

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Three Three categories of categories of consumersconsumers

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Herbivores, Herbivores, Carnivores, and Carnivores, and

Omnivores.Omnivores.

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Also referred to Also referred to as a feeding as a feeding

levellevel

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Trophic levelTrophic level

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Interconnected Interconnected and branching and branching food chainsfood chains

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Food WebFood Web

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Organic material Organic material stored by stored by producersproducers

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BiomassBiomass

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The rate at The rate at which producers which producers build biomassbuild biomass

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Primary Primary ProductivityProductivity

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The % average of The % average of available energy available energy

at a trophic at a trophic levellevel

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10% 10% (“The Rule of (“The Rule of

10”)10”)

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Three types of Three types of pyramid-diagrams pyramid-diagrams

used by used by ecologistsecologists

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Energy, Biomass, Energy, Biomass, and Numbers.and Numbers.

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The number of The number of kilocalories kilocalories

available at the available at the T3 level if T3 level if

there is 10,000 there is 10,000 kcals at T1kcals at T1

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100 kcal100 kcal

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Energy travels Energy travels through the through the ecosystems ecosystems linearly, linearly,

nutrients take nutrients take this type of this type of

path.path.

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CyclicalCyclical

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In which In which chemical cycle chemical cycle is oxygen and is oxygen and

organic organic compounds compounds

released through released through photosynthesisphotosynthesis

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Carbon and Carbon and Oxygen CycleOxygen Cycle

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Bacteria convert Bacteria convert nitrogen gas nitrogen gas into ammonia into ammonia through this through this

processprocess

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Nitrogen Nitrogen FixationFixation

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When water exits When water exits plants by plants by

evaporationevaporation

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TranspirationTranspiration

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Soil bacteria Soil bacteria convert ammonium convert ammonium

to nitratesto nitrates

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NitrificationNitrification

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The carbon cycle The carbon cycle is affected by is affected by burning fossil burning fossil

fuels andfuels and

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DeforestationDeforestation

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When the sun’s When the sun’s heat is trapped heat is trapped by CO2 in the by CO2 in the atmosphere atmosphere

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Greenhouse Greenhouse effecteffect

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An overall rise An overall rise in the Earth’s in the Earth’s temperaturetemperature

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Global WarmingGlobal Warming

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High levels of High levels of nitrogen in the nitrogen in the water cause this water cause this

conditioncondition

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EutrophicationEutrophication

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Along with water Along with water vapor these two vapor these two compounds cause compounds cause

acid rainacid rain

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Sulfur and Sulfur and nitrogennitrogen

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The number of The number of species in an species in an ecosystemecosystem

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BiodiversityBiodiversity

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A non-native A non-native species that species that

competes against competes against native species native species for resources for resources

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Introduced Introduced SpeciesSpecies

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Developing Developing natural natural

resources so resources so that they can that they can

renew themselves renew themselves and be available and be available in the futurein the future

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Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

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A form of A form of Overexploitation Overexploitation

caused by caused by economic reasons economic reasons

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PoachingPoaching

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Name three Name three threats to threats to BiodiversityBiodiversity

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1. Habitat 1. Habitat Destruction 2. Destruction 2.

Introduced Species Introduced Species 3. Pollution 3. Pollution 4. Population 4. Population

Growth 5. Growth 5. Overexploitation Overexploitation

(HIPPO)(HIPPO)

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Pollutants Pollutants become more become more concentrated concentrated

from one trophic from one trophic level to the level to the

nextnext

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Biological Biological MagnificationMagnification

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Substances that Substances that have a negative have a negative effect on the effect on the environment environment cause thiscause this

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PollutionPollution

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Absorbs Absorbs ultraviolet ultraviolet light and light and shields shields

organisms from organisms from the suns the suns

damaging effectsdamaging effects

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Ozone LayerOzone Layer

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A major A major contributor to contributor to the destruction the destruction of the ozone of the ozone

layerlayer

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CFC’s CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarb(Chlorofluorocarb

ons)ons)

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Through Through biological biological

magnification magnification this chemical this chemical weakens the weakens the

shells of bird’s shells of bird’s eggseggs

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DDTDDT

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