1 © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. Introductory Psychology Lectures A series of...
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Transcript of 1 © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. Introductory Psychology Lectures A series of...
1© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Introductory Psychology Lectures
A series of PowerPoint lectures to accompany the introductory psychology textbooks offered by Worth publishers
Editor: Harvey G. Shulman, Ph.D.
Subcortical Structures
Joe Williams
The Ohio State University
Department of Psychology
2© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Subcortical Brain Structures
Subcortical - underneath the cortex hypothalamus and pituitary
basal ganglia
limbic system
hindbrain and brainstem structures
3© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Hindbrain Structures
Cerebellum Brainstem
medulla reticular formation pons
8© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Thalamus
Relay station in brain Processes most
information to and from higher brain centers
9© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
The Limbic System
Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus
10© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Hypothalamus
Contains nuclei involved in a variety of behaviors sexual behavior hunger, thirst sleep water and salt balance body temperature
regulation circadian rhythms role in hormone
secretion
11© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Hypothalamus and Hunger
Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to overeating
12© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Hypothalamus and Hormones
Hypothalamus releases hormones or releasing factors which in turn cause pituitary gland to release its hormones
13© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Amygdala
Inputs come from all senses
Amygdala ‘reads’ emotional significance of inputs
Output influences such functions as heart rate, adrenaline release
14© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Amygdala and Emotion
Identify emotion from facial expressions
Amygdala damage makes this task difficult
15© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Hippocampus
Important in forming new memories
16© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Basal Ganglia
Slow, deliberate movements
Parkinson’s disease is the result of abnormalities in the basal ganglia
17© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Dopamine
Involved in movement, attention and learning
Dopamine imbalance also involved in schizophrenia
Loss of dopamine- producing neurons is cause of Parkinson’s disease
18© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Parkinson’s Disease
Results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra
Symptoms include difficulty starting and stopping voluntary
movements tremors at rest stooped posture rigidity poor balance
19© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Parkinson’s Disease
Treatments L-dopa transplants of fetal dopamine-producing
substantia nigra cells adrenal gland transplants electrical stimulation of the thalamus has
been used to stop tremors
20© 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers.
Copyright
Copyright 1999 by Worth Publishers, New York, NY and by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owners.