03-OB Chapter 1
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Transcript of 03-OB Chapter 1
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Chapter 2 Perspectives onIndividual behavior
Week 2- 05/03/2008
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Individual behavior
Both innate factors and Environmentalfactors affects our behavior. (Lewin, 1951)
B=f (P, E)
where: B=Behavior
P=Person (innate), and
E=Environment
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Individual behavior and WorkEfficiency
Perceptions Learning
Demographic
Ability
Personality
Attitude
Need
Motivation
BehaviorStimulus
Work efficiency
Evaluation
Personality
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Demographic Characteristics
Age
Gender
Marital status
Tenure
Dependent variables:Productivity (Job performance)
Absenteeism
Turnover
Job satisfaction
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Ability
What is Ability? An individuals capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
Intellectual Abilities
That required to do mental activities (e.g., number aptitude,
verbal comprehension, memory, reasoning, spatialvisualization).
Physical Abilities
That required to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity,strength, and similar characteristics.
The Ability - Job Fit
Employee performance and job satisfaction are enhancedwhen there is a high ability - job fit
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Types of Ability
Intellectual AbilityVerbal Ability
Numerical Ability
Reasoning Ability
Deductive Ability
Memory
Spatial Ability Perceptual Ability
Physical Ability Motor Skills (e.g. reaction
time, dexterity)
Physical Skills (e.g.strength, endurance)
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Individual behavior and personality
What is personality:
characteristic patterns of behaviour and modes of
thinking that determine a persons unique way of
interacting with the environment
Theoretical models:
Trait, Humanistic, Psychoanalytic, Type
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What Determines Personality?
Heredity (nature)
Environment (nurture)Situation (high constrained vs. low
constrained)
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Personality Tests
Personality tests are used for:
selection training workers
for team work
career development
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Other approaches
Humanistic approach (Rogers, 1970):a need for personal growth and fulfillment (self-actualization)
Psychodynamic theoryId (basic drive which act irrationally and on impulse;Superego: environmental influences on the mind or conscienceEgo : balance the conflicting directions f the id and superego.Behavioral characteristics: denial, compensation
Jungs personality theory
Extrovert/ Introvert; Sensing/intuitive; Thinking/Feeling;Judging/Perceiving
MBTI( Myers-Briggs Type Indicator-basis for personality testing)http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes1.htm
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Major Personality Attributes
Influencing OB Locus of Control - the degree to which people believe they
are masters of their own fate. (internal vs external)
Machiavellianism - pragmatic, emotional distance, endsjustify means.
Self-Esteem - liking or disliking of themselves.
Self-Monitoring - adjust behavior to external, situational
factors. Risk-Taking
Type A Personality
Type B Personality
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Type A and Type B
Type A Personality
Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly
Feel impatient with the rate
Strive to think or do two or more things at once
Cannot cope with leisure timeObsessed with numbers
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Type A and Type B (cont..)
Type B Personality
Never suffer from a sense of time urgencyFeel no need to display or discuss either their
achievements or accomplishments
Play for fun and relaxation
Can relax without guilt
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Personality and national culture
A countrys culture influences the dominantpersonality characteristics of its population.
Locus of control: In North American people believe thatthey dominate their environment; in some other societies,such as Middle Eastern countries, believe that life is essentially
preordained.
Type A personality: 50% of the North Americanpopulation is Type A; in culture such as Sweden and France,where materialism is less revered, a smaller proportion of Type
A personality.