Introduction to Health Science

Primitive TimesPrimitive Times• Illness caused by supernatural

spirits and demons• Tribal witch doctors performed

ceremonies to drive out evil spirits

• Herbs and plants used as medicine

Ancient EgyptiansAncient Egyptians

• Earliest people to keep health records

• Identified diseases• Used medicine to heal

disease• Splinted fractures• Used bloodletting

Ancient ChineseAncient Chinese

• First to use acupuncture therapies

• Treated disease with stone tools

Ancient GreeksAncient Greeks

• Studied causes of disease• Hippocrates– The “Father of

Medicine”– Hippocratic Oath• “Code of Ethics”

• Aristotle– Dissected animals

Ancient RomansAncient Romans• First to organize medical care• Early hospitals in homes• Developed sanitation system• Claudius Galen (129-199 AD):– Dissection is key to understanding

body– Could only dissect animals– Used pulse as a diagnostic tool

Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)

• Study of medicine stopped for over 1000 years

• Medicine practiced in monasteries and convents

Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)

• Used herbal medicine

Plagues and Epidemics during the dark agesPlagues and Epidemics during the dark ages

• Bubonic Plague

Even today the plague is still remembered...Even today the plague is still remembered...

–“Ring around the rosies,–Pocket full of

posies,–Ashes, Ashes, we all

fall down!”

The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)

• Rebirth of Science– Medical schools– Study of the body

by dissection

• Leonardo da Vinci– Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body

The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)

The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• The invention of the Printing Press

made books available to study.

Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance

16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• William Harvey

– Pumping heart and circulation

16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Invented the microscope

18th Century18th Century

• Benjamin Franklin– Invented bifocals

because he had trouble seeing

– Electricity– Many more inventions

18th Century18th Century• Edward Jenner– Vaccination for smallpox

19th Century19th Century• Ignas Semmelweiss– Cause of childhood fever– Instituted hand washing– Died from a cut he received during an

autopsy

19th Century19th Century• Rene Laennec– Invented the stethoscope

19th Century19th Century• Florence Nightingale– First school of nursing– Started during the Crimean War– Made nursing an honorable profession

19th Century19th Century• Clara Barton– Established the American Red Cross

19th Century19th Century• Louis Pasteur

– Microorganisms cause disease

19th Century19th Century• Joseph Lister– The first doctor to use antiseptic during an

operation to prevent infection

19th Century19th Century• Robert Koch

• The “Father of Microbiology”

19th Century19th Century• Wilhelm Roentgen– Discovered x-rays

20th Century20th Century• Sigmund Freud– His studies were the basis of psychology

and psychiatry

20th Century20th Century• Alexander Fleming– Discovered Penicillin

20th Century20th Century• Jonas Salk– Discovered a “killed” polio virus vaccine

2020thth Century Century• Albert Sabin– Used a “live” polio vaccine

2121stst Century Century

• New approaches to medical care are being discovered every year

• People are taught more about wellness, and learn more about health care

The Medical Profession helps those you love!The Medical Profession helps those you love!