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prof. tariel futkaraZe

“batoni” sityva-formis istoriisa da semantikuri niuansebisaTvis

statia eZRvneba soxumis universitetis profesoris, batoni oTar miqiaSvilis xsovnas.350 aTasze meti qarTveli Tu afxazi ruseTis imperiam mowyvita mSobliuri mxares - afxazeTs. sayvarel qalaqs - soxums -monatrebuli b-ni oTari gawamebul yofaSi aResrula...

me-19 saukuneSi pativsacemi mamakacisa Tu qalisadmi Tavaziani mimarTvis forma iyo batoni; qalis mimarT "batonis" gamoyenebis magaliTebs davimowmebT daviT kldiaSvilis "darispanis gasaWiridan" (Txzulebani, Tb., "nakaduli", 1988): "WeSmariti brZanebaa, batono pelagia!" (gv. 356), "Tqven ramdeni gyavT, batono pelagia, qaliSvili?" (gv. 357), "baton pelagias vaxlavarT!" (gv.362), "mziTevi mainc araa dasakargavi, batono marTa" (gv. 364); aseve, mxatvruli literaturidan (niko lorTqifaniZis, vasil barnovis, konstantine gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebidan) cnobilia gamoTqmebi: dedav-batono da sxv.

sityvaforma: “qalbatoni” Semdgom damkvidrda. Cvens sazogadoebaSi aris mosazreba, rom ara mxolod me-19 saukuneSi, aramed Zvel saqarTveloSic "batoni" miemarTeboda qalsac da mamakacsac; rogorc, mag., "kaci" aRniSnavda orive sqesis zrdasrul adamians; Sdr.: kaci -adamiani; "dedakaci" - qali, "mamakaci" - vaJi.

pirvel rigSi, aRvniSnav imas, rom "kacisgan" gansxvavebiT, "batoni" qarTuli sityva ar aris; mag., jer kidev 1846 wels am sityvis Sesaxeb marTebulad wers daviT CubinaSvili:

"batoni: swarmoebs patronisgan, romelic ars laTinuri sityva da hniSnavs: mfarvelsa, an mflobelsa; mepatrone, ufali... ("qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni", 1984).

Sdr.: patroni (patronus), aqtiurad Cans XII saukunis werilobiT ZeglebSi1; misgan

daubrkoleblad iwarmoeba zmnuri formebi: hpatronobs (vefx. 713,4), hpatronobdi (vefx. 156,1), gipatronebs ("Tamariani", II, 13)2...

ilia abulaZisa da zurab sarjvelaZis mier Sedgenil “Zveli qarTuli enis" leqsikonebSi sityva batoni ar dasturdeba (miT umetes, arc qalbatoni).

batoni (mniSvnelobiT: “vaJi mepatrone”) pirvelad Cans sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi3. sabasTanve “patronis” mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba patoni; es ukanaskneli forma (varianti) dRes Semonaxulia mxolod megrul dialeqtSi; swored am faqtis gamo fiqrobs J. feiqriSvili, rom es sityva laTinuridan Semovida jer megrulSi, Semdeg ki aqedan damkvidrda samwignobro qarTulSi4. Cveni azriT, XII saukuneSi qarTvelur enobriv velSi laTinuri formis damkvidreba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod werilobiTi gziT; Sesabamisad, ufro mosalodnelia, rom patroni Semovida werilobiTi gziT (Targmnil litaraturaSi); XII saukunis Semdeg patroni samwignobro enidan gadavida qarTvelur kiloebSic, sadac r-s dakargviT mogvca patoni variantic (amas cxadyofs patoni formis sabaseuli damowmebac).mogvianebiT, patron- da paton-/baton- variantebma gainawiles semantikuri niuansebi:

patroni - mflobeli; 1 ix. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t.II, i. doliZis gamocema, Tb., 1965, gv. 720-721.2 k. danelia, narkvevebi qarTuli samwerlobo enis istoriidan, Tb., "Tsu", 1998, gv. 437. 3 iv. javaxiSvilis cnobiT, qarTulSi sityva batoni dasturdeba me-16 saukunidan (iv. javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos, kavkasiisa da maxlobeli armosavleTis istoriul-etnografiuli problemebi, Tb., 1950, gv. 192-193); samwuxarod, mas wyaro miTiTebuli ara aqvs.4 J. feiqriSvili, "batoni", gazeTi "qarTuli", 1999 w. # 4, gv. 3; ix., agreTve, J. feiqriSvili, etimologiuri Ziebani (nakveTi I), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 45-46.

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batoni/patoni - mimarTvis zrdilobiani forma da sxv. (ix., qvemoT). vfiqrob, evropuli enebis gavleniT, sabas leqsikonSi avtoris mier damatebulia

xelovnuri sityva-forma: batona - “qali mepatrone”.batoni – batona tipis xelovnuri gamijvna sabasTan sxvac dasturdeba: mefe – kaci xelmwife; mefa/mefia – dedufali, qali xelmwife; Wabuki – axalgazrda vaJi; Wabuka – axalgazrda qali da sxv..1825 wlamde Sedgenil niko CubinaSvilis "qarTul leqsikonSic" batoni ganimarteba,

rogorc "mepatrone" da "ufali" (vimowmebT 1961 wlis gamocemidan).laTinuri patron- fuZisgan baton- variantis warmoqmnis gza ase SeiZleba

warmovadginoT:patroni > patoni > batoni; rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gardamavali forma (patoni)

dResac Semonaxulia megrulSi (Tumca, lazurSi ar Cans). megrulSi daculi formis Sinaarsi identuria Tanamedrove samwignobro enis semantikuri modelisa: kerZod:

patoni (> pateni/patini) - batoni; Sdr.: osurpatoni - qalbatoni; qomolpatoni -batoni (sityvasityviT: vaJbatoni)5.

S. futkaraZis dakvirvebiT, imerxeul kiloSi batonis semantikuri niuansebia: "ufrosi", "pativcemuli", "patroni", "mflobeli"; Sdr.: batoniSvili - mazlis Svili; baton-xanumi - muli6.

saliteraturo qarTulSi sapativcemulo adamianis mimarT batoni sityvaformis damkvidreba ilia WavWavaZis damsaxureba Cans7; kerZod, ilias Tanamedrove cnobili moRvawe_ iona meunargia igonebs:

“sanam iliam ar dauSala Cvenebs, CvenSi ambobdnen: ufali kereseliZe, ufali mesxi... iliam Tqva: “ufali mesxis” Tqmas, “batoni mesxis” Tqma ara sjobiao? da es sityva mas aqeTdakanonda CvenSi da am sityvas ise magrad aqvs mokidebuli fesvi Cvens enaSi, rom mas ver gandevnis axla Cveni enidan verc “amxanagi" da verc “megobari”... (“ilia, mogonebebi gardasul dReTa”, Tb., 1987, gv. 507).

iona meunargias enam cudad "uyivla": sabWoTa periodSi amxanagma marTlac gandevna batoni... Tumca, komunisturi ideologiis kraxisa da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg sityvaforma batonma daibruna ilias mier miniWebuli semantika, magram qarTul samwignobro enaSi sabolood dakarga "patronis" mniSvneloba.

batoni "ufalis, "patronis" msgavsi mniSvnelobiT Semonaxulia fxour kiloebSi; Sdr.:xevsuruli: batoni: xati, jvari; Sdr., yma - "ama Tu im xatis mlocveli, msaxuri"8; ix., aqve:

batonoba – xatis, jvris siZliere; baton-ymani: xati da xatis msaxurni (al WinWarauli);anu: batoni = xati, yma = msaxuri.

fSauri:batoni: xati, RvTaeba9...baton- fuZis yvela semantika aqvs svanur kiloebSi dadasturebul fust/fusd

sityvas; Sdr.:fusd/fus/fust: 1. Mmeufe, ufali (macxuarfusda - macxovari batoni) 2. batoni

mflobeli; 3. patroni, mesakuTre; 4. Bbatono (mimarTvis forma)10.

5 Sdr., o. qajaia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb., 2002, gv. 479.6 S. futkaraZe, Cveneburebis qarTuli, Tb., 1993.7 Tumca, saukuneebis manZilze samwignobro qarTulis vels mowyvetili imerxeuli kilos monacemebi cxadyofs, rom "patronis" Sinaarsis mqone baton-/paton- fuZes xalxSi ufro adrec SeeZlo SeeZina paticiscemis gamomxatavi (mimarTvis) semantika.8 a.WinWarauli, xevsuruli leqsikoni, Tb., 2005.9 al. Rlonti, "qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona", Tb., 1984; g. xornauli, fSauri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.

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fust iberiul-kavkasiuri arqauli fuZea Tu baton- fuZis transformaciis Sedegia?11

sakiTxi Semdgom kvlevas iTxovs; am etapze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom svanuri fust forma macxovaris meoreuli sinonimia (rogorc xatisTvis batoni); garda amisa, fustissemantikuri speqtri emTxveva sxva qarTveluri kiloebis batonis semantikur niuansebs. am terminologiuri monacemebis mixedviT, SegviZlia gamovTqvaT Semdegi mosazreba:

saqarTvelos mTianeTis (svaneTis, fSav-xevsureTis...) qarTvelobis rwmena-warmodgenebis sayrdeni sityvebi (xati, jvari, macxovari...) qristianulia; maTze "dafenili" meoreuli warmoSobis "batoni" da "fust" axali movlenebia; Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos mTianeTis religiuri warmodgenebi ufro adreuli qristianuli cnobierebis gaxalxurebulisaxesxvaobebia, vidre - warmarTuli12.

zog konteqstSi "batoni" "aRiWurva axali semantikuri niuansebiTac; kerZod:1. gamoiyeneba vinmesadmi ironiuli mimarTvis dros ("mobrZandi, batono, da giCveneb seirs);

2. sityvaTSexameba: "batoni brZandebiT", niSnavs; "Tqveni nebaa!";3. yovelgvari semantikisganaa daclili da "gamoiyeneba rogorc aCemebuli zedmeti

sityva: "a, Sen xar Cemi batoni, imazeda, i biWi rom Semomakvda (akaki)"13... baton- fuZes ukavSirdeba metaforuli semantikac: saqarTvelos mxareTa

umravlesobaSi mravlobiTi ricxvis forma: batonebi aRniSnavs gadamdeb sabavSvo avadmyofebebs14.

Sdr., megruli: patonefi - sabavSvo avadmyofobebi (o. qajaia)...n. mindaZis masalebis mixedviT, bavSvTa infeqciur davadebebs saqarTveloSi aseve

uwodeben: saxads, saxadiels, angelozebs, baton angelozebs, RvTis vals (fSav-xevsurulSi), bugrs (Zvel qarTulsa da svanurSi), samsxoebs (kaxurSi), fufalebs (kaxursa da qarTlurSi)15... iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, saxadebis ufro adrindeli saxeli ufals ukavSirdeboda16.

faqtia, rom "batonebi" gviandeli saxelia; marTebuli Cans mosazrebac, rom sabavSvo sneulebebis arqauli saxelic ufalTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

amrigad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT:me-19 saukuneSi mandilosanTan mimarTebiT baton- fuZis gamoyeneba ganpirobebulia im

dros misTvis ZiriTadi semantikis ("patroni") inerciiT. mas Semdeg, rac batonma dakarga patronis semantika da pativsacemi adamianis aRsaniSnad, an zrdilobiani mimarTvis formad iqca, mandilosnis mimarT saWiro gaxda, sityvaforma batoni gansazRvruliyo qal- fuZiT; ase warmoiqmna opozicia: batoni - qalbatoni.

pativcemul mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom adreul (arqaul) qarTulSi pativsacemimamakacis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneboda: ufali (mniSvnelobebiT: patroni, mflobeli...), xolo pativsacemi qalis mimarT: dedaufali anu dedofali17.

O02. 04. 09. 10 v. Tofuria, m. qaldani, svanuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.11 Sdr, Teoriulad dasaSvebia transformaciis Semdegi gza: patron- > paton- > *pot (bolo marcvlis mokveca da bagismieri Tanxmovnis gavleniT: a > Oo) > *fut > *fust; kvlevis am etapze amgvari procesis daSvebisTvis meti argumentacia saWiro. 12 vrclad sxvagan gveqneba msjeloba.13 J. feiqriSvili, "batoni", gazeTi "qarTuli", 1999 w. # 4, gv. 3; ix., agreTve, J. feiqriSvili, etimologiuri Ziebani (nakveTi I), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 46.14 masalisaTvis ix., n. mindaZe, religiuri sinkretizmi qarTul xalxur medicinaSi, qarTveluri memkvidreoba, V, quTaisi, 2001.15 n. mindaZe, 2001, gv. 156.16 iv. javaxiSvili, 1950, gv. 192.17 il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1973.