(Sinology)(Orientalism)(Eurocentrism)

50001000(Cradle of the East: An Enquiry into the Indigenous Origins of Techniques and Ideas of Neolithic and Early Historic China, 5000-1000 B.C.)(The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community: with a Retrospective Essay) (William H. McNeill)

1996(Evelyn S. Rawski)Presidential Address: Reenvisioning the Qing: The Significance of the Qing Period in Chinese History,() 1967The Significance of the Ching Period in Chinese History,()

In Defense of Sinicization: A Rebuttal of Evelyn Rawskis Reenvisioning the Qing,()

1962

1371-149657.657.642.41505-158046.61.047.652.41583-161033.311.644.955.146.72.849.550.5

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(): 19492002: 2013 2013-11-11 http://whb.news365.com.cn/ftl/201311/t20131111_912838.html 30 1 (2002 .03) 1351(2013.01.29)http://www.new7.com.tw/coverStory/CoverView.aspx?NUM=1351&i=TXT201301231501330GZ

(Ancient China in Transition: An Analysis of Social Mobility, 722-222B.C.) ( 1981) ( 19941)(Yong-ho Choe) The Civil Examinations and the Social Structure in Early Yi Dynasty Korea, 1392-1600 ()

1982750-1550(Demographic, political and social transformations of China, 750-1550,)

1986(Statesmen and Gentlemen: The Elite of Fu-chou , Chiang-Hsi, in Northern and Southern Sung)

(Social and Cultural Reproduction via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China,)( A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China)

200631

313 54 54 15 17

(1600)77 20032007

57

NO.128202-11031061884-1995-6336-52672946938787211996011775103301351111943458712405785131838219714-345633215528

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Chart9

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Sheet1

12820

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3106188

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2369153764.88%00.00%153764.88%76932.46%713.00%

3894200051.36%00.00%200051.36%170743.84%1874.80%

5938281147.34%210.35%283247.69%278646.92%3205.39%

3327141042.38%1173.52%152745.90%157847.43%2056.16%

15528775849.96%1380.89%789650.85%684044.05%7835.04%

64.88%35.46%

ABA+BCD51.36%48.64%

47.69%52.31%

2369153764.88%00.00%153764.88%76932.46%713.00%45.90%53.59%

3894200051.36%00.00%200051.36%170743.84%1874.80%

5938281147.34%210.35%283247.69%278646.92%3205.39%

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1962

1965()

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2002

1962196791012196719621967 ( Ping-ti Ho, The Ladder of Success in Imperial ChinaAspects of Social Mobility, 1368-1911. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1967.)

2012 1938194419521870-1914196619742006

1959 Studies on the population of China, 1368-1953. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1368-1953 19891962 The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368- 1911. New York : Columbia University Press. 20131966 1969 1975 The cradle of the East : an inquiry into the indigenous origins of techniques and ideas of Neolithic and early historic China, 5000-1000 B.C.. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong ; Chicago : University of Chicago Press. 1995 2004 2013

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