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Scotland’s Climate Change DeclarationMarch 2014

Sustainable Scotland Network: GHG accounting Training.

Justin GoodwinGlasgow 19th, Edinburgh 20th and Aberdeen 21st March 2014

GHG Accounting Training

• Introduction to GHG estimation: 10:00 – 11:00 (60 min)

• Coffee 11:00 – 11:15

• UK/Scottish greenhouse gas inventories – DEFRA/DECC, the Net Scottish Emissions Account: 11:15- 12:30 (1h:15 min)

• Lunch: 12:30 - 13:30

• SCCD Declaration future plans (SSN)13:30 – 14:00

• Localising climate change reporting : 14:00 – 14:45 (45 min)

• Coffee 14:45 - 15:00

• Overview of SCCD challenges and opportunities 15:00 – 15:15 (15 min) • Discussion on  SCCD solutions for area wide: 15:15 – 16:00

• Introduction to GHG estimation: 10:00 – 11:00 (60 min)– Terminology– Driving forces– Simplicity of GHG accounting.– Where the complexity starts.

GHG terminology: 1

• Historic emissions/removals:– (commonly 1990 (or other base year) – Latest historic year (e.g. 2011/2012)

• Projections: from latest year to future years:– Builds in assumptions on economy and technology changes.

• ..including mitigation measures– Scenarios (test out different assumptions)

• Mitigation (policies &) measures (PAMS):– list of actions to reduce GHGs– Can be developed independently of projections– Qualitative or quantitative

• Targets:– Quantitative: Based on projections & analysis of PAMs.– Political. To match/beat other campaigns.

• Reporting: – some form of communication on historic or projected/PAMs

• Emissions/Removals Trading– Kyoto Protocol– EU Emissions Trading Scheme

GHG terminology: 2

• Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV):– Emerging terminology for supporting action with trust-worthy data on progress

• Sources:– Activities resulting in emissions of GHGs to the atmosphere.

• Sinks:– Activities resulting in removals of GHGs from the atmosphere and storage

• Sectors:– High level Categorisation of sources and sinks

• Categories and sub-categories:– Detailed level of categorisation of sources and sinks

• Key Categories: – categories that have a significant influence on a country’s total inventory of

greenhouse gases

GHG terminology: 3

• Gases:– Types of GHGs emitted and accounted for (direct / indirect)– “Basket of six” CO2, N2O,CH4, SF6, PFCs, HFCs indirect: NOx, NMVOC, SO2, CO– “Bio-carbon”

• Uncertainties:– The margin of error likely for calculated GHG datasets.

• Tiers: – methodological complexity. Usually three tiers are provided.

• Default : – default emission factors provided in guidance (e.g. IPCC)

Drivers:Initiatives driving accounting

– Why: GHG accounting:• Global science & evidence:

(Global scale only)– Are we really responsible?

• Key sources/sinks & trends:– What’s going on, are things

getting better or worse

• Targets, action & monitoring– what can we change and

how?)

• Communication: – Successes, difficulties,

change behaviour, why the pain (e.g. Taxes).

Assess impacts

Assess mitigation potential

Set targets

Implement actions

Monitor actions

Demonstrate and

communicate progress

Reassess potential

and targets

Drivers:

• International– UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol,

• EUMM/MMR: Effort Sharing Decision: – Carbon Disclosure Project– ICLEI– Covenant of Mayors– LA 21

• National UK– UK CCC

• Scotland– Scottish NSEA– RPP and the Public Bodies Duties– Sustainability – SCCD and SSN– Single Outcome Agreements (SOA)

Drivers: UNFCCC

• Convention : http://unfccc.int/essential_background/items/6031.php

– Limit average global temperature increases. 192 Countries.– National Communications (BRs) (emissions projections, PAMs, Adaptation,

capacity building, finance)

• Kyoto Protocol: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/6034.php

• Reporting and verification procedures; Annual Inventories, KPLULUCF, National Systems (Reliability of the reporting)

• Flexible market-based mechanisms (Trading systems)• Targets and Assigned amount (e.g. UK (1990 + 1995) * 5 * (100 – 12.5) target for

2008 – 2012.• A compliance system. (Adjustments and compliance issues affect trading of KP

units.)

– Industrialized countries to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions based on the principles of the Convention. 1st CP = 2008 – 2012.

– In Doha, Qatar, on 8 December 2012 launched a second commitment period, starting on 1 January 2013 until 2020.

• EUMM/MMR: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/tackling_climate_change/l28044_en.htm

– mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions – progress made in reducing emissions

• complying with the Community's commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol.

• Effort Sharing Decision (ESD): http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/effort/index_en.htm

– binding annual greenhouse gas emission targets for Member States for the period 2013–2020.

• Excludes EUETS (non traded non LULUCF)• 10% on 2005 by 2020

Drivers: EUMM & ESD:International initiatives driving accounting

UK: -16%

Drivers: Other International

• Carbon Disclosure Project: https://www.cdp.net/en-US/Pages/HomePage.aspx

– Companies reporting– Cities (London & Manchester)

• Covenant of Mayors & ICLEI: – Aberdeen & Aberdeenshire– Glasgow

• Covenant of Mayors: http://www.covenantofmayors.eu/index_en.html

– Mainstream European movement involving local and regional authorities

– Voluntary commitment by signatories to meet and exceed the EU 20% CO2 reduction objective through increased energy efficiency and development of renewable energy sources.

• ICLEI: http://www.iclei.org/

– UN network of sustainable cities operating worldwide. Facilitates local government input to United Nations (UN), processes such as the UN Framework Conventions on Climate Change, and Biodiversity.

• LA21:– UN blueprint for sustainability in the 21st century. – Agenda 21 is a commitment to sustainable development, which was agreed by many of the

world's governments. 

Drivers: UK and Scotland

Drivers: UK

• UK Carbon budgets: Meet international commitments & develop low carbon economy

– 3,018 MtCO2e (2008 to 2012)– 2,782 MtCO2e (2013 to 2017)– 2,544 MtCO2e (2018 to 2022)– 1,950 MtCO2e (2023 to 2027)

Drivers: Scotland

• Net Scottish Emissions Account (NSEA): Meet international commitments & develop low carbon economy

• Scotland CCD & SSN– All 32 LAs– Commitment to act on mitigation,

adaption and sustainable development

What is measured?

6 Greenhouse Gases as CO2 eq (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6). Direct and indirect

• Energy: – Fossil fuels (tonnes, litres, kWh, MJ)– Transport –mileage (converted to fuel use)– Electricity consumption (meter readings or bills (kWh)),

• Industrial Process: – Feedstocks (e.g. Fossil fuels) used– Use of products (including fridges, Air Conditioning, foams,

medical equipment)– Manufacturing and production.

• Agriculture & Forest practices:– Livestock (numbers & type)– Crops and soils (Land area and type)– Harvesting & processing of wood (amount, Land area and type).

Changing land use..

• Waste disposal:– Wastewater (volume and Carbon/nitrogen contents)– Landfill (mass, timeframe, anaerobic (CH4), CH4 recovery)– Incineration (fossil carbon mass)– Disposal of products (gas remaining, recovery)

Principals of Global GHG accounting: A simple story..

Gases

Global GHG accounting: A simple story..

GLOBAL

Principals: Global GHG accounting: A simple story..

Major impact globally of increasing need for electricity and heat production.

Global Emissions:

Attributing GHG Accounting: Complexity begins:

Attributing GHG Accounting: Complexity begins:

• Direct/Source• Physical

processes

• Embodied/Consumption• Demand for goods and

services

CountriesCitiesOrganisationsProjects/EventsPeople

?

Mr or Mrs Average

4

3 1

2

?

Carbon footprint

CountriesCitiesOrganisationsProductsProjects/EventsPeople

Services. Energy/WasteFoodTravelHouse & ClothesOther stuff!!

Defining Boundaries:

• Define the boundary:• Direct emissions from operations/activities• Electricity, heat, steam and Cooling• Purchased goods and services• Supplied goods use.

CountriesCitiesOrganisationsProductsProjects/EventsPeople

Org

anis

atio

nal O

pera

tiona

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ound

arie

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HG

Pro

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• Scope 1 - Direct emissions: – on-site fuel combustion, – manufacturing and process, – refrigerant losses – company vehicles.

• Scope 2 - Indirect emissions: – Electricity, – heat or steam purchased.

• Scope 3 - Indirect emissions: – employee business travel, – outsourced transportation & services– waste disposal, – water usage and employee commuting. – Products, product use

Under the Greenhouse Gas Protocol scope 1 and 2 are essential and there is discretion about which scope 3 emissions should be included.

Methods

• National IPCC• Organisational• City PAS 2070• Product lifecycle: PAS 2050

• Event• Personal

CountriesCitiesOrganisationsProductsProjects/EventsPeople

Organisational:

• GHG Protocol & ISO 14064• DEFRA Company Reporting

– Direct emissions from all the activities across the organisation, including buildings’ energy use, industrial processes and company vehicles. (Scope 1) (Usual national Inventory approach)

– Electricity use (Scope 2)– Staff commuting, Supplier emissions (Scope 3)— companies in complying with the greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting regulation,

a requirement from the Climate Change Act 2008; Mandatory scope 1. — all organisations with voluntary reporting on a range of environmental matters,

including voluntary GHG reporting and through the use of key performance indicators (KPIs).

• CRC– Electricity & Gas for NON EUETS/CCA

elements only

City Footprinting: PAS2070 (City inventories with two approaches)

—a direct plus supply chain (DPSC); — direct from within the city boundary and — indirect from

— the consumption of grid-supplied electricity, — heating and/or cooling, — transboundary travel — and the supply chains from key goods and

services produced outside the city boundary — water supply, — food, — building materials

—a consumption-based (CB) methodology: — direct and life cycle GHG emissions for all goods and

services consumed by residents of a city.

City Footprinting:

National Methods: IPCC: 1 of 3

• Source of basic default physical EFs used in many other places (see IPCC EFDB) www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/find_ef_main.php

• Focussed on direct emissions from a number of categories.• Includes guidance by sector, and for uncertainties• Evolution 1996 ->( 1996 revised & 2000 & 2002 LULUCF valid for

UNFCCC reporting to 2014) -> (2006 valid for UNFCCC reporting from 2015)

• Volumes: Sector methods, data collection, uncertainties, QA/QC, method selection.

• Tiers: methodological complexity. Usually three tiers are provided• Default data: default emission factors • Key Categories: categories that have a significant influence on a

country’s total inventory of greenhouse gases

National Methods: IPCC: 2 of 3

IPCC (National inventories & standard category based methodologies)

TransparencyCompleteness

ConsistencyComparability

Accuracy

Guiding principal – TCCCA!

IPCC 1996

1. Energy

2. Industrial Processes

3. Solvents and Other Product Use

4. Agriculture

5. LULUCF

6. Waste

IPCC 2006

1. Energy

2. Industrial Processes and product Use

3. AFOLU

4. Waste

Bio-carbon & International shipping & aviation emissions as memo items..

National Methods: IPCC: Core Principals: 3 of 3

• Transparency: There is sufficient and clear documentation

• Completeness: Estimates are reported for all relevant categories of sources and sinks, and gases

• Consistency: Estimates across different inventory years, gases and categories are made in such a way that differences in the results between years and categories reflect real differences in emissions

• Comparability: The greenhouse gas inventory is reported in a way that allows it to be compared with greenhouse gas inventories for similar entities (national, city, organisational).

• Accuracy: The greenhouse gas inventory contains neither over- nor under-estimates (bias) so far as can be judged.

Sources example 1

Sources example 2

Sources example 3: Iron and Steel

Sources example 4: Waste

Quiz 1

1. What are “basket of six” greenhouse gases?

2. What is the UK target as part of the EU Effort Sharing Decision to reduce non-EU ETS emissions by 20% (2005-2020)?a) 4% increase

b) 12% reduction

c) 16% reduction

d) 24% reduction

3. What is included in the CRC?a) Electricity consumption for non-CCA elements only

b) Fossil fuel consumption for Non-EUETS elements only

c) Electricity and gas for Non-EUETS/CCA elements only

4. What of the following elements are included in an Embodied Carbon Footprint?a) Imported emissions

b) Domestic emissions (net of exports)

c) Domestic emissions (exports)

5. What are the five core principles of emissions inventory methodology? (T, C, C, C, A)

Quiz 1

1. What are “basket of six” greenhouse gases?CO2, N2O, CH4, SF6, HFCs, PFCs

2. What is the UK target as part of the EU Effort Sharing Decision to reduce non-EU ETS emissions by 20% (2005-2020)?a) 4% increase

b) 12% reduction

c) 16% reduction

d) 24% reduction

3. What is included in the CRC?a) Electricity consumption for non-CCA elements only

b) Fossil fuel consumption for Non-EUETS elements only

c) Electricity and gas for Non-EUETS/CCA elements only

4. What of the following elements are included in an Embodied Carbon Footprint?a) Imported emissions

b) Domestic emissions (net of exports)

c) Domestic emissions (exports)

5. What are the five core principles of emissions inventory methodology? (T, C, C, C, A)Transparency, Completeness, Consistency, Comparability, Accuracy

• Coffee 11:00 – 11:15

• UK/Scottish greenhouse gas inventories – DEFRA/DECC, the Net Scottish Emissions Account: 11:15- 12:30 (1h:15 min)

– Devolved Administration inventories – NSEA + EUETS– End User– DECC LACO2/GHGs– Scottish Footprint

Attributing GHG Accounting: Types used in the UK and Scotland

• National territory– Scope 1 direct within territory

• Environmental Accounts– Scope 1 direct citizens and national activities outside and within

territory.

• End-user– Scope 1 direct within territory + Scope 2 embodied GHGs in

energy supplied.

• Embodied (Footprint)– Scope 3 Embodied GHG in purchased goods and services. – Excludes GHGs from manufacture of exported goods.

Devolved Administration Emissions Scotland

• UK GHG Inventory (as reported to EU and UN)• split up to

– England– Wales– Scotland– Northern Ireland– Unallocated (Off-shore industry)

• Using:– Sub-national statistics– Large point source reported data– Employment– Population– Traffic– Agriculture, forestry & land use statistics

Scotland Total by Gas & Uncertainties

Scotland: Key sectors and Gases

• Traded: EUETS (CO2)– Energy– Business– Industrial

Processes

• Non Traded

Scotland: Traded and non Traded:

Net Scottish Emissions Account

• Target and target monitoring• Includes

a) International Shipping & Aviation (Scotland share)

b) Emissions/removals (e.g. "carbon sinks" such as woodland) from Landuse Change and Forestry

c) EUETS sale and purchase of relevant carbon units (tradable emissions allowances). Scope 3 (incl Aviation)

– http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0042/00426339.pdf

Scotland: Net Scottish Environmental Account:

Base Year

1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

International Aviation and Shipping Waste Management TransportResidential Public Land Use ChangeIndustrial Process Energy Supply BusinessAgriculture

Scotland Territorial: Targets and relevant legislation

DA Emissions

http://public.tableausoftware.com/views/DAInfographic/DAInfographic

• Provide insights to final consumption impacts for:– Solid, Liquid and Gaseous fuels– Electricity

End User Estimates

Scotland Territorial: “End User”

Direct scope 1

Indirect scope 2 (&3)

• Emissions presented by source or by end user• Traded and non-traded

DECC LA Datasets

• DECC Local Authority CO2 Statistics• https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-authority-emissions-estimates

• Electricity consumption:     • https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/series/sub-national-electricit

y-consumption-data

.• Gas consumption

• weather corrected, non Large consumers, !!Domestic/Commercial Split!!l:     • https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/series/sub-national-gas-con

sumption-data.

• Road transport consumption. • https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/series/road-transport-consu

mption-at-regional-and-local-level.

• Residual fuel (non-electricity, non-gas, non-road transport fuels). • Uncertain dataset... • https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/series/sub-national-consum

ption-of-other-fuels.

• NAEI Large Point Sources• Agriculture country based statistics.• LULUCF country based statistics.

• DECC sub-national statistics– Gas– Electricity– Road Transport– Solid/Liquid (Modelled)

• Population (Domestic)• Employment (Businesses)

• Point source emissions. (SEPA/Environment Agency)

• LA Agricultural statistics• LA LULUCF data

DECC LACO2 Methodology:

• End-user basis to fully represent carbon footprint of the area (some sectors excluded: aviation, shipping)

• Published annually, timeseries from 2005 to 2011

• Good quality data for Gas/Elec, Large sources, road transport.

• Uncertainty in modelled estimates (particularly Solid/Liquid)

LACO2 summary of statistics and methodology:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211904/110713_Local_CO2_NS_Annex_A2_.pdfDECC sub-national energy statistics Methodology: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/267603/Sub-national_methodology_and_guidance_booklet.pdf

• Scope

– Dataset 1: Full Dataset• Excludes

– Aviation, shipping, offshore, military

– Dataset 2: “Scope of Influence”• Also excludes

– Motorway traffic– Large industrial installations– LULUCF

DECC LACO2 Scopes:

http://public.tableausoftware.com/views/Scotland-SSN-dashboard_v2_EXTRACTED/DraftDashboard

LA CO2: InfoGraphics

• Scotland total– 1998 - 2011

• REAP

Scottish Carbon Footprint

Scotland’s Carbon Footprint:

Scotland’s Carbon Footprint (Scottish Government) http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/carbon

a) UK IO & supply chain analysis a) UK GHGI, Environmental Accounts b) full global supply/demand economic datasets. c) -> SIC factors UK applied to Scottish Economics.

b) Includes embodied GHGs in imported/consumed products. c) Excludes embodied GHGs in exported products. d) Scotland total (Not by LA)e) 2011: Ongoing and updated for at least next 4 years f) Total Global footprint of Scotland's accountsg) Latest year 2010 >80 mt (vs 53 mt from NSEA)

Scotland’s Carbon Footprint: Import/Export

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Imports from China

Imports from RoW

Imports from EU

Domestic

kt (c

O2e

)

Scotland’s Carbon Footprint: By Category

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 -

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Changes in inventories Valuables Gross fixedcapitalformation

Local Government Central Government

Non-profit institutions servinghouseholds

Households direct Households

kt (C

O2e

)

Ecological footprinting: REAP (By LA)

Ecological/CO2 footprinting (WWF) http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/lowfootprintscotland.pdf• (Not updated – last dataset = 2007)

Input-output methodology:• Direct emissions reallocated from generating sector to production sector using IO

framework.• Emissions from sectors are linked to the products produced. Generated by the

model, using actual UK data.• These supply chain (embodies emissions) are specific to the UK.

Ecological/CO2 footprinting: REIP (By LA)

Quiz 2

1. Which of the “basket of six” greenhouse gases has the largest relative uncertainty in the Scottish National Inventory?CO2, N2O, CH4, SF6, HFCs, PFCs

2. What is Scotland’s 2050 Emissions Reduction Target, and does it include international aviation and shipping?

3. What was Scotland’s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory total for 2011?a) approx. 50 Mt CO2eb) approx. 70 Mt CO2ec) approx. 80 Mt CO2ed) approx. 100 Mt CO2e

4. What was Scotland’s National Carbon Footprint total for 2010?a) approx. 50 Mt CO2eb) approx. 70 Mt CO2ec) approx. 80 Mt CO2ed) approx. 100 Mt CO2e

5. Which sector is most significant in the End User Inventory?Energy Supply, Residential, Business, Agriculture, Transport

Quiz 2

1. Which of the “basket of six” greenhouse gases has the largest relative uncertainty in the Scottish National Inventory?CO2, N2O, CH4, SF6, HFCs, PFCs

2. What is Scotland’s 2050 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target?80%

3. What was Scotland’s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory total for 2011?a) approx. 50 Mt CO2eb) approx. 70 Mt CO2ec) approx. 80 Mt CO2ed) approx. 100 Mt CO2e

4. What was Scotland’s National Carbon Footprint total for 2010?a) approx. 50 Mt CO2eb) approx. 70 Mt CO2ec) approx. 80 Mt CO2ed) approx. 100 Mt CO2e

5. Which sector is most significant in the End User Inventory?Energy Supply, Residential, Business, Agriculture, Transport

• Lunch: 12:30 - 13:30

• SCCD Declaration future plans (SSN)13:30 – 14:00

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HISTORYLaunched in early 2007

All 32 local authorities signatories. SSN is the ‘custodian of the SCCD’

Scottish Government & COSLA support

All local authorities produce annual reports, which cover: • Governance• Corporate Emissions• Area-wide Emissions• Adaptation• Public Engagement / Partnerships

SSN team analyse the reports and work with SSN members and stakeholders to improve reporting

69

_________________________________________________________________

YEAR 5 ANALYSIS

• All 32 local authorities reported in 2013 showing continued commitment to the Declaration.

• Analysis identified many areas of best practice across network

• SSN team conducted analysis on the reports to create recommendations within Year 5 Analysis Report including:

• Strategic• Functional• Local

70

Following creation of recommendations:1. Created new template:

• Keeps the same 5 headings as before• Includes information from Scottish Government’s Sustainability Reporting Guidance,

The Adaptation Framework and Flexible Framework• Includes Area-Wide reporting under RPP2 ambition headings (Energy, Homes and

Communities, Transport etc)• Changed reporting date to November to allow for CRC data, inclusion of energy data

from end of financial year (on member recommendation)

2. Completed 2 rounds of consultation with member focus group to ensure that the data we’re asking for is realistic and useful

3. Sent a communication to Council Leaders to inform them of the new template and change of reporting date

4. Template designed and ready to be launched following workshops including information on further SSN support available

_________________________________________________________________

IMPROVEMENTS

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WHAT NEXT?

• Can we strengthen the reporting further? Particularly Area-Wide reporting section?

• Who would we need to involve in this process?

• Are we ready for this?

Discussion to follow…..

• SSN Presentation on Declaration

• Localising climate change reporting : 14:00 – 14:45 (45 min)– Pros/Cons– Projections– Actions– Corporate

Local Data:

• Have targets been set locally?

• How do you know if these are achievable?

• What local measures will be important?

• What is being monitored?

Local Data: Data Action

Assess impacts

Assess mitigation potential

Set targets

Implement actions

Monitor actions

Investment

Current State

Opportunities

Progress

Communication

Goals

Engagement

Action

Local Data

Prioritising Local Data:

• Policy Questions.. E.g.– What are the key sources of emission or removals?– Are they increasing/decreasing?– Have we had any successes to date?– What opportunities are there to improve the situation?– How long will it take?– What is the pain.. Cost..?

• What are they for Scottish Local Authorities?

• What Data is needed to answer them?

Local Data: Pro’s and Cons

• Pro’s/Benefits– Local data reduces uncertainty– Improves engagement– Provides flexibility

• Cons– Often no data flows or standards in place.– Time consuming– Added burden ££

A Scottish LA Case Study: Local Data

• DECC Sub-regional and Local CO2 Data• Top 50 Half Hourly Energy Users by Postcode Sector• Gas and Electricity consumption in Residential and non Residential Buildings• Action Tracking (Actions, Energy Saving, Renewable Generation, CO2

Saving)– BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT / FACILITIES & INDUSTRIES:– TRANSPORT:– LOCAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION:– LOCAL DISTRICT HEATING / COOLING, CHPs:– LAND USE PLANNING:– PUBLIC PROCUREMENT OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES:– WORKING WITH THE CITIZENS AND STAKEHOLDERS:

• Council Emissions 2005 - 2012– Electricity (buildings, street lighting, stair lighting, CHP– Gas, Coal, Oil (buildings)– Petrol, Diesel (transport)– Gas Oil (transport/plant)– LPG– Air, Rail, Car

Other data:

• Waste data• Water• Peat restoration• Forest carbon

• National Local– DECC

• CO2.• Energy• CCA

– DfT• Transport.

– Defra• Agriculture.• Land use.

– Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA)

• EUETS• CRC

– ONS• Economic• Demographic (Population)

– Carbon Trust/Energy Saving Trust

• Local – Local– Projections (RPP2)

• Scotland LA picture!

– Local policies and measures.– Local Actions tracking.– Engaged local organisations

• SCCD City council• Other Public Service• Businesses• CRC?• CCA?

– Local Traffic– Energy demand/supply

analysis?– ????– Other Local Statistics?

Local Data: Datasets?

Local Data: RPP2 LA Projections

• Breakdown RPP2 to component LAs:– By LA, By Sector/Category– Project forward DECC CO2 dataset– Include other LA local data...

• Identify LA's ability to influence RPP2 measures: – National vs Local Measures– Business as Usual vs Action

• Identify gaps in reaching targets• Illustrate important Policies and measures for each LA

area

• RPP2: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0042/00426134.pdf

LACO2 projections: Example Projections

Projection

Saving

LACO2 projections: Example Savings

Projection

Saving

LACO2 projections: Savings Example: By Policy

LACO2 projections: Savings Example: By Measure

• http://prezi.com/embed/8seqiiyrsr6o/?

http://prezi.com/8seqiiyrsr6o/uk-pams/

Action Tracking: Area Wide Successes

• Can we track Actions more effectively?– Qualitative or semi quantitative

• Importance (potential to reduce emissions)• Success (Progress with implementation)• Actual savings delivered (Action monitoring plan)

– Aligned to RPP2– SEAP role?– SOA role?

Action Tracking: Towards RPP2 objectives

Business, Industry and the Public SectorSmart Metering, CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme, Buildings Energy Standards , Green Deal, Products Policies, Renewable & Low Carbon Heat, Procurement policies (Low Carbon Supply)1. Reduce energy consumption by at least 12%2. By 2027 - going beyond CMP, sustainable procurement and governance3. By 2027 - transform energy usage, energy efficiency and low carbon tech4. By 2050 energy demand from this sector will be almost zero, by energy demand reduction & low carbon techEnergyRenewable energy, Energy efficiency.1. Meet at least 30% of total energy demand from renewables by 20202. Reduce total final energy demand in Scotland by 12% by 2020 across all fuels and sectors3. Source 11% of heat demand & 10% of transport fuels from renewables by 20204. 100% of gross electricity consumption from renewables by 2020, interim 50% by 20155. Enable local and community ownership of at least 500MW of renewable energy by 2020Homes and CommunitiesEnergy efficiency, Smart Metering, Building Standards, Renewable Energy, 1. Make sure no-one is in fuel poverty by 20162. Deliver energy efficient homes through retrofit3. Make full contribution to CCA targets4. Enable the refurbishment and house building sectors to contribute to and benefit from Scotland's low carbon economy and to drive Scotland's future economic prosperity.TransportEV charging infrastructure, Cycling, Travel Plans, Traffic systems, Modal shift, Decarbonised vehicles1. Mature market for low carbon cars (less 95gCO2/km)2. An EV charging infrastructure in Scottish cities3. Personalised travel planning to all households4. Effective travel plans in workplaces with over 30 staff5. At least 10% of journeys by bicycleWasteRecycling, Zero waste policies, Landfill gas capture.1. household waste recycled/reused are 40% by 2010, 50% by 2013, 60% by 2020 and 70% by 20252. recycling 70% of all waste by 20253. Reducing total waste to landfill to max of 5% by 2025Rural Land UseClimate friendly farming, Fertilizer efficiency, Agriculture technologies, restoration of peatlands, afforestation, renewable timber.1. By 2027, land managers have optimised natural resources, protecting enviro and reducing ghg2. Peatlands managed to conserve carbon stores and biodiversity3. Create 100,000 hectares of new woodland by 2022 and agree further targets

Action Tracking: Key measures

SCCD reporting tags?

Business, Industry and the Public SectorSmart Metering, CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme, Buildings Energy Standards , Green Deal, Products Policies, Renewable & Low Carbon Heat, Procurement policies (Low Carbon Supply)EnergyRenewable energy, Energy efficiency. Carbon Capture and Storage???Homes and CommunitiesEnergy efficiency, Smart Metering, Building Standards, Renewable Energy, affordable warmthTransportEV charging infrastructure, Cycling, Travel Plans, Traffic systems, Modal shift, Decarbonised vehicles.WasteRecycling, Zero waste policies, Landfill gas capture. Limit Landfill waste.Rural Land UseClimate friendly farming, Fertilizer efficiency, Agriculture technologies, restoration of Peatlands, afforestation, renewable timber.

Activities Co-Benefits

Co-Benefits

The Climate Bonus: Co-benefits of Climate Policy. Alison Smith (UK). London & NY: Earthscan/Routledge, Jan 2013, 408p, $59.95pb.

Co-Benefits linking

Co-Benefits: Alison Smith• Take co-benefits account in decisions. E.g. air quality benefits should be

included in cost-benefit analysis of climate policy options.• Focus on win-win technologies and policies. E.g. energy efficiency, material

efficiency and behaviour change. • Beware of policies with few co-benefits and major conflicts, such as CCS and

geo-engineering.• Avoid lock-in to fossil fuels. shift to low-carbon energy sources. End fossil fuel

subsidies. Place a moratorium on exploitation of environmentally damaging sources such as tar sands and arctic oil.

• Address the rebound effect. Control total resource use and carbon emissions with caps, taxes, and policies to encourage behaviour change.

• Compensate losers. Help businesses, households and developing countries to adapt to a low-carbon economy, with appropriate financial and technical support. Provide support and retraining for workers who lose their jobs.

• Re-think the economy. Coping with a low consumption economy. (jobs, pensions and social spending). Shorter working hours, ecological tax reform, job guarantee schemes, basic income schemes and changes to the monetary system.

• Lifestyle and culture. shift to low-carbon lifestyles, with incentives, rewards and information campaigns to emphasise the health and well-being benefits of walking and cycling, eating less meat and adopting a less materialistic lifestyle. Government should lead by example, fostering an ‘I will if you will’ approach with low-carbon public procurement policies.

Engaging: Organisational Emissions

• Area Wide Enhancement: Large commercial and public sector organisations emissions data:

– Compliment CC Own Estate estimates..– Could be significant % of Area wide.. – Engagement tool Low carbon Community

• Focus for targets and action• Focus for Low Carbon collaboration

Organisational Emissions: Example Oxford

• Oxford Low emissions strategy– Integrated approach to carbon reduction and air quality – – joint action planning and monitoring – Central database of monitoring data

• Oxford Low Carbon Oxford Pathfinders– Local network of >30 organisations – Common aim to reduce carbon in city by 3% year on year, – Sharing of ideas and monitoring and reporting emissions and

savings – Creation of more 'green jobs' and a sustainable economy; – Oxford to become an exemplar low carbon city for the UK

• http://www.oxford.gov.uk/lowcarbonoxford • http://www.oxford.gov.uk/Library/Documents/Environmental%20Development/LCO

%20Building%20Momentum%20Report%202012.pdf

Organisational Emissions: Example Oxford: Targets...

Organisational Emissions: Example Oxford: Businesses

Organisational Emissions: Example Oxford: Mini Plant

Organisational Emissions: Example Oxford: City Council

Organisational Emissions: Pathfinder Electricity & Gas as % of LACO2

Organisational Emissions: Pathfinder Electricity & Gas as % of LACO2

• Coffee 14:45 - 15:00

• Overview of SCCD challenges and opportunities 15:00 – 15:15 (15 min) 

Existing Data:• What data exists?

– DECC/Defra/SEPA– SCCD– SOA, – Sustainability Reporting, – SEAP

• Is it important?• How can it be used?

New Data:• What data can be created?

– Projections (RPP2)

• Why is it worth creating?

Challenges: Datasets?

What are the “Area Wide” questions?: • What are the key sources of emission or removals?• Are they increasing/decreasing?• Have we had any successes to date?• What opportunities are there to improve the situation?• Who should take the lead?• How long will it take?• What is the pain.. Cost..?

SCCD 5 Year Analysis Report: Recommendations and Actions

• Elements linked to Area Wide reporting....– Strategic

• Carbon impact assessment toolkit (Resources, data, tools)• Understand area wide emissions and impact assessment methods (Ongoing)• Alignment of SCCD reporting with sustainability reporting. (Done)

– Functional• Co-ordination of data reporting across council functions. (Ongoing)• Links between Area-wide and SOA plans in place. (Ongoing, SSN Project)• RPP2 structuring of area-wide emission reduction strategies (Ongoing)

– Local• Tracking CC governance arrangements (National Systems)• Distinction between reporting and previous years initiatives. (Done)• Linking to management plans and policies and programmes (Ongoing)

http://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/media/128576/SSN_SCCD_1609_v2.pdf

Area Wide SCCD Reporting?

• Governance, Leadership and Management of Climate Change– Is there a sustainable MRV system for data?

• Reducing Corporate Emissions– Could this include other willing organisations in the LA?

• Reducing Area-wide Emissions– Is DECC data good enough?– Can it be enhanced with other data?

• Corporate reporting (CRC, Voluntary, CCA etc)• Projections RPP2

– What targets?• Who has targets? What do they mean? How were they set? Why are targets

needed?

– How to communicate & track Actions?• Importance for different LAs?• How to track success/progress?• Common language/terminology for actions

• Discussion on  SCCD solutions for area wide: 15:15 – 16:00

– Key issues for Area Wide• Trends, Projections, Actions

– Opportunities to improve• Data, Research, Guidance

Could/should SCCD reporting be developed and used to bring additional clarity to Scottish LA’s Climate Change actions

Contact details

Justin.goodwin@aether-uk.com

+44(0)1865 261466

www.aether-uk.com