從 SCORM 數位學習到 ebXML 儲存庫
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Transcript of 從 SCORM 數位學習到 ebXML 儲存庫
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內容大綱• SCORM 數位學習標準• CORDRA: ADL's Federated Content Repo
sitory Model
• ebXML Registry/Repository
• ebXML 和 SCORM 比較
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SCORM : e-Learning 整合平台• The Sharable Content Object Reference Model
(SCORMTM) defines a Web-based learning “Content Aggregation Model” and “Run-time Environment” for learning objects.
• ADL(Advanced Distributed Learning) initiative(1997 成立 ) 訂定的標準
• 美國國防部主導和支持• SCORM 1.2: 2001/10/1 (SCORM 1.0:2000/1)• SCORM2004: 2004/1
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SCORM 的系統架構
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Content Aggregation Model (LOM) IEEE LTSC
ARIADNE
IMS
Java API
Run-time Environment
AICC
ADL
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整合現有 e-Learning 技術和標準
• LOM (Learning Object Metadata) : XML– the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC)– the Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring & Distribution
Networks for Europe (ARIADNE)
– the IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.,
• Run-time Environment(Common Launch & API): Java– the Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training)
Committee (AICC)
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SCORM Evolution
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SCORM 2004 新增內容
新增
更動
新增
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即時整合網路教材
•
Sharable Content Objects from across the
World Wide Web
Assembled in real-time, on-
demand
To provide learning and assistance
anytime, anywhere
The “A”inADL
Server
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Content Aggregation Model
Aggregation
Learning Resource
Aggregation
Learning Resource
SCO
Asset
SCO
Learning Resource
Learning Resource
Learning Resource SCO
Asset
AssetAsset
Asset
Asset
Asset
Content Structure Content Aggregation
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SCO(Shareable Content Object)
Asset
JPEG
Asset
XML Doc
Asset
WAV
Asset
Flash
Object
Asset
JAVA Script
Functions
Asset
GIF
Asset
HTML
Fragment
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Content Aggregation Packaging in XML
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Learning Management Systems
SCORMAPI
LocalContent
RepositoryRemoteContent
Repositories
SCORMContent
Packages
Browser(Presentation)
GeneralizedLearning Management
System Model
Selection
Launch
SCORMTracking
Data
SCORMContent
(SCOs & Assets)
SequencingService
Testing/AssessmentService
Content ManagementService
Course AdministrationService
Learner ProfilesService Tracking
Service DeliveryService
APIAdapter
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eLearning Three Layer Structure
Web Services Layer
Internet Layer
Workflow (BPEL,BPSS)Discovery (ebXMLRR,UDDI) Description (WSDL,CPPA)
Messaging (SOAP,ebMS,XMLP)
HTTP,FTP,SMTPTCP/IP
Basic Services Layer
Common Application Layer
Resolution, Query/UpdateRight Mgmt, Logging
Storage, Role, Authentication
SequencingUser Profile, Tracking
Knowledge Mgmt, Content Mgmt
Tool LayerLecture, Present,
Assessment, Simulation, Collaboration
Application LayerLearning Technology System
Authoring, Delivery, ManagementLearning Agents
Infr
astr
uctu
reLe
arni
ng S
ervi
ces
App
licat
ion
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CORDRA
• Content Object Repository Discovery and Resolution Architecture
or
• Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration Architecture
• Learning Systems Architecture LabCarnegie Mellon University
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Overall CORDRA Model
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Key CORDRA Operations
• Register a content object in the Content Catalog for later search and retrieval
• Search the Content Catalog; it returns content objects (via their IDs) and metadata
• Register a content repository in the Repository Registry by specifying local data and rules
• Query the Repository Registry for the operational, policy and business rules
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Content Object Creation
Create Content
Assign ID100.xyz/cp
Publish in Repository
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Content Object Registration
10.xyz/cp
Identify Content in Repository for RegistrationGet Content ID
Register Content
Extract Metadata
Deposit Metadata
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Content Object Search
Enter Search CriteriaSearch Catalog
100.abc/cp1
100.abc/cp2
100.xyz/cp
100.qrs/cp
Return Content IDs
Select Content
100.xyz/cp
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Content Object Access
100.xyz/cp
Identify Content
Resolve IdentifierDetermine Repository and Access MethodsAccess Content in Identified RepositoryRetrieve Content
100.xyz/cp
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Repository Registration
Create Repository Metadata
Assign ID
100.reg/rep
Register
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Repository QueryEnter Search Criteria
Search Catalog
Obtain Repository Metadata
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Overall CORDRA Model
• Collection of local content repositories• Implementation-specific system repositories
– Master catalog (content registry)– Repository registry– System registry
• Identifier Infrastructure• Common Services• Applications
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ebXML Registry/Repository
• ebXML 演進• 服務基礎架構 (SOA)
• 服務註冊技術• 內容服務註冊技術使用情境• 內容服務註冊功能
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ebXML:全球電子市集 • ebXML 是一套集合模組化電子交易架構的詳細規格。
• ebXML 能使各種規模、各種領域的全球企業,以符合企業管理流程的方式經由 XML-based 的資訊交換,透過電子市集的仲介與其他企業形成交易。
• ebXML 是由 United Nations (UN/CEFACT) and OASIS 這兩大組織所共同發起及贊助。
• ebXML1.0: 2001 年 5月公佈
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ebXML 的核心概念• ebXML 的核心概念是定義出全球電子市集中企業間 ( 跨國界跨行業 ) 的商業交易 (Business Transaction) 的模式 (Modeling Methodology)
• 是電子商務領域的重要分水嶺– 電子商務理論 ( 學術界 )– 企業 e 化 ( 企業界 )
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ebXML 之演進• ebXML 之兩大應用領域
– eGovernment – eBusiness (B2B)
UN/EDIFACT
EDI
1976
ebXML
1999/112001/5
UN/CEFACTOASIS
XML, SOAP
UML
Registry/Repository
UMM
2002 2003
二組織分裂
2004 2005
復合 ?
ebXML Extension
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服務基礎架構 (SOA)
服務仲介者
(Broker)
服務要求者
(Requestor)
服務提供者
(Provider)
服務描述
Client Service
服務查詢 服務登錄
服務連結
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Web Services 技術概念:SOA: Services Oriented Architecture
UDDI
WSDL
Service Broker
ServiceRequester
ServiceProvider
Publish Request
Bind and Request
Reply
SOAP
UDDI 2.0: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (2001/6)WSDL: Web Service Description LanguageSOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (2001/7)
新型態的入口網站: - 給程式 (Web Service) 用的
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電子化政府服務基礎架構 (eGov SOA)
平台管理觀點內容 /服務仲介者
國民服務觀點內容 /服務要求者
政府作業觀點內容 /服務提供者
內容 / 服務發佈
內容 / 服務查詢
eGOV 儲存庫
內容 / 服務回覆
內容 / 服務連結與要求
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內容服務註冊技術標準• UN/CEFACT 註冊 / 儲存庫: ( 未成熟 )
– 以 UMM 為核心;最高等級國際標準– 採用 CCTS 資訊模型:適合內容物件
• OASIS ebXML 註冊 / 儲存庫: ( 發展中 )– 以 Extended SO A為概念: ebRS ;業界標
準– 採用 ebRIM 資訊模型:適合內容物件
• UDDI 註冊 / 儲存庫: ( 發展競爭中 )– 以 SOA 為概念– 採用白頁 / 黃頁 / 綠頁的資料結構:適合服務
但不適合內容
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UN/CEFACT CCTS (Core Component Technical Specification)
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ebXML Registry Information Model
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UDDI Registry Data
WhitePages
YellowPages
GreenPages
Business Units
Descriptions of Services
Taxonomies
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內容服務註冊使用情境分析
CS
註冊服務處
儲存庫
提交
驗證
核準 / 駁回
註冊中心
內容擁有單位 民眾
企業
查詢
eGov 入口網站
內容註冊/儲存庫
內容規範
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內容註冊服務處功能• 內容註冊 (Content Registry)
– 內容註冊和驗證程序和介面• 內容發現 (Content Discovery)
– 內容查詢的使用者介面和應用程式介面• 內容管理 (Content Management)
– 內容生命周期管理• 事件通告 (Event Notification)
– 內容事件控制和服務及流程整合• 系統安全功能 (Security Enforced)
– 內容為主之數位簽章和角色權限控制• 註冊服務處聯合互作功能 (Registry Federation)
– 彈性的分散式註冊服務處系統架構
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內容註冊物件生命周期Submitted
Approved
Deprecated
Removed
approveObject
deprecateObject
removeObject
submitObject提交
移除
廢棄
核準
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ebXML Registry 查詢
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ebXML Registry 內容物件編輯
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ebXML Registry 內容物件語意關連
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ebXML 和 SCORM 的比較
• e-Business 的標準– Vertical Specification– Horizontal Specification– Fundamental Standard
• Learn from EDI• Business Collaboration
– UML, UMM• Business Knowledge
– ? UMM CCTS– Repository
• 結合 Web Services
• e-Learning 的標準– ?– SCORM– Fundamental Standard
• Learn from ? education• Learning Knowledge
– LOM + ?– Repository…
• Run-time Environment– API ? – Web Services
• Part of Human Resource System
ebXML SCORM