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112 samecniero Sromebis krebuli 2019

samarTali

sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebi saproceso SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis damtkicebisas

ela kusiani

doqtorantiaRmosavleT evropis universiteti

Sesavali

saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti 2004 wlidan moqmedebs Cvens qveyanaSi da dRemde ar kargavs aqtualobas, vinaidan saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa umeteso-ba swored rom saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformebiT mTavrdeba. saproceso SeTanxmebis institutma mravali cvlileba ganicada SemoRebidan dRemde, raTa igi, rogorc samar-Talwarmoebis forma daxvewiliyo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gadawyvetis ufro efeqtur meqanizmad qceuliyo.

saproceso SeTanxmeba arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis safuZvelia. saproceso SeTanxmeba xSirad literaturaSi ganixileba, rogorc praqtikuli da yvelaze warmatebuli saSualeba korufciisa da organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg, rogorc sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvis Semcirebis saSualeba, rogorc sapatimro adgilebis gantvirTvis meqanizmi.1

saproceso SeTanxmeba aris SeTanxmeba prokurorsa da braldebuls Soris, rome-lic miznad isaxavs aRiarebiTi Cvenebis miRebas wardgenili braldebis Semsubuqebis sanacvlod.

zogi Tvlis, rom saproceso SeTanxmeba aris pasuxi gazrdili raodenobis danaSau-lobebsa da SezRudul resursebze, zogsac miaCnia, rom saproceso SeTanxmebas Semoaqvs moqniloba sxvagvarad xist sistemaSi.2

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis (SemdgomSi _ sssk) merve mux-lSi ganmtkicebulia samarTliani procesisa da swrafi marTlmsajulebis principi: braldebuls (msjavrdebuls, gamarTlebuls) aqvs samarTliani procesis ufleba; bral-debuls aqvs ufleba swrafi marTlmsajulebisa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenil vadebSi; pirs ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados am uflebaze, Tu es aucilebelia dacvis saTanadod momzadebisaTvis.

dResdReobiT saproceso SeTanxmebis institutTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebuli interesis sagans warmoadgens mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis farglebi saproceso Se-Tanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis damtkicebisas. kerZod, mizanSewonilia Tu ara mo-samarTles hqondes ufleba cvlilebebi Seitanos saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebSi misi damtkicebisas. iqneboda Tu ara aRniSnuli uflebis miniWeba sasamarTlosaTvis mniS-vnelovani berketi braldebulis uflebebis dasacavad da sisxlis samarTlis sapro-ceso kodeqsiT garantirebuli samarTliani procesis uzrunvelsayofad. aRniSnulis Taobaze msjelobas ganvaviTareb saqarTveloSi saproceso SeTanxmebis damkvidrebis istoriis mimoxilvis fonze.

1 fafiaSvili l. (red.). (2017)., saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso samarTali kerZo nawili, gv. 544.2 Malcolm M. Feeley. (1982). Plea Bargaining and the Structure of the Criminal Process, Berkeley Law, p.340.

113

1. saproceso SeTanxmebis damkvidrebis istoria saqarTveloSi;

sanam mimovixilav saproceso SeTanxmebis uSualod saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis is-torias mokled Sevexebi aRniSnuli institutis mis samSobloSi _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi SemoRebas, rac me-19 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi moxda. rogorc cnobilia, sap-roceso SeTanxmebis danergva aSS-Si ganapiroba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis simravlem da sasamarTloSi davisaTvis saWiro resursebis naklebobam.

1980-ian wlebSi saproceso SeTanxmebis kritikosebi amerikaSi iTxovdnen mis gauqme-bas. SemdgomSi aRiares ra am institutis myari poziciebi marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi, aqcenti gadaitanes mis koreqtirebaze. kvlevis Sedegad identificirebul iqna sami sfe-ro, romelic saWiroebda reformas: 1. iZulebis riski _ udanaSaulo braldebuli ris-kis qveSaa damnaSaved cnos Tavi, maSin roca didi sxvaobaa SeTavazebul da mos alodnel sasjels Soris, roca saproceso SeTanxmeba sTavazobs pirobiT sasjels, mosalodneli sasjeli ki aris patimroba, rodesac braldebuli dakavebulia, am dakavebis vadas uT-vlian sasjelad da aTavisufleben. 2. uzustobis riski _ gamoZiebisaTvis SezRudulma drom da resursebma, sasamarTlo ganxilvis arasakmarisobam SesaZloa gamoiwvios is, rom braldeba iyos arazusti an sasjeli iyos daumsaxureblad mkacri an lmobieri. 3. arasakmarisi procesualuri garantiebi _ molaparakebis procesi ar aris gamWvir-vale. mxareebi awarmoeben molaparakebas mesame neitraluri piris da TviT msxver plis monawileobis gareSe.3

rac Seexeba saproceso SeTanxmebis damkvidrebas qarTuli samarTlis sistemaSi, upir veles yovlisa, imiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom ekonomiurad da efeqturad yofili-yo gamoyenebuli saxelmwifos resursebi. mxareTa Soris saproceso SeTanxmebis miRweva TavisTavad gulisxmobs procesis Sekvecas, riTac saxelmwifo Tavidan icilebs rigi saqmeebis formalur gaWianurebas, gaTvaliswinebul Tu gauTvaliswinebel xarjebs, drois fuWad dakargvas da yovelive amiT sasamarTlo sistema xdeba ufro moqnili.4

saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti ar yofila gancalkevebuli sakanonmdeblo nova-cia. igi parlaments waredgina sxva sakanonmdeblo proeqtebTan erTad da maT mTliano-baSi `antikorufciuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb~ sakanonmdeblo paketi ewoda.5

saproceso SeTanxmebis institutma mniSvnelovani adgili daikava sisxlis samar-Tlis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos bolo wlebis 10 wlis statistikuri monacemebi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: 2007 wels pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis mier ganaCenis gamotaniT ganxiluli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebidan saproceso SeTanxmebiT dasrulda saqmeTa saerTo raodenobis 48,1%, 2008 wels _ 52,2%, 2009 wels-58,2%, 2010 wels _ 80,2%, 2011 wels _ 87,5%, 2012 wels-87,8%, 2013 wels _ 89,1%, 2014 wels _ 69,7%, 2015 wels _ 63,7%, 2016 wels _ 62,5%, 2017 wels ki saproceso SeTanxmebiT dasrulebul saqmeTa maCvenebeli kvlav gaizarda da 69,6% Seadgina, 2018 wels _ 67,7%, xolo 2019 wels 65,8 % Seadgina.6

sssk-Si 2004 wels Sesuli cvlilebiT SesaZlebeli iyo saproceso SeTanxmeba gafor-mebuliyo nebismieri kategoriis (naklebad mZime, mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime) dana-Saulis SemTxvevaSi. im etapisTvis saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis safuZveli iyo bral-debulis Tanxmoba eTanamSromla gamoZiebasTan, miewodebina utyuari informacia an/da

3 Jenia I. Turner. (2017). Plea Bargaing, Academy For Justice, A Report on Scholarship and Criminal Justice Reform, p. 80-88.4 mWedliSvili T. (2010). saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis zogadi mimoxilva, wminda grigol feraZis

Tbilisis saswavlo universiteti: Sromebis krebuli, t. me-3, gv. 159.5 managaZe d. (2010). saproceso SeTanxmeba _ gamocdileba da praqtika, saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da marT-

vis qarTul-britanuli universiteti: samecniero SromaTa krebuli, t. me-3, gv. 164.6 ix. http://www.supremecourt.ge/statistics/

ela kusianisasamarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebi saproceso SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis damtkicebisas


samarTali

mtkicebulebebi mZime danaSaulis Sesaxeb, rac am danaSaulis gaxsnas xels Seuwyobda.7 anu Tavdapirvel etapze saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZveli mxolod bralis aRiareba da TanamSromloba iyo. mogvianebiT am institutis amoqmedebidan ramdenime TveSi sssk-is saproceso SeTanxmebis TavSi ganxorcielda mniSvnelovani cvlileba, saproceso Se-Tanxmebis safuZveli orad gaiyo.8 ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT prokurors ufleba hqonda eSuamdgomla sasamarTlosTan sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze ukve or SemTxvevaSi, kerZod, Tu saproceso SeTanx-meba gaformdeboda bralze an sasjelze. bralze SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi braldebu-li aRiarebda brals da TanamSromlobda gamoZiebasTan, xolo sasjelze SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi braldebuli ar aRiarebda brals, magram TanamSromlobda gamoZiebasTan da Tanaxma iyo prokuroris mier SeTavazebul sasjelis zomaze an sasjelisagan srul gaTavisuflebaze.

2005 wlis 25 martis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiT bralze da sasjelze SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi braldebuli gaTavisuflda gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis da daxmarebis pirobisagan. gamoZiebasTan TanamSromloba savaldebulo gaxda mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisuflebas Seexeboda.

2004 wlis 25 ivnisis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiT saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZvlis orad gayofa formaluri aRmoCnda, radgan bralze garigeba TavisTavad gulisxmobda braldebulisaTvis arsebul iseT SeRavaTs rogoricaa sasjelze SeTanxmeba, sasjelis Semcireba, danaSaulTa erTobliobisas braldebis Semsubuqeba an nawilobrivi moxsnis SesaZlebloba.

2004 wlis kanonis pirveladi variantis mixedviT saproceso SeTanxmebis iniciato-ri mxolod prokurori iyo, mxolod mas SeeZlo saproceso garigebis SeTavazeba. 2005 wlis 25 martis cvlilebis Semdeg saproceso garigebis SeTavazebis ufleba TviTon braldebuls/gansasjels da sasamarTlosac mieca. anu mosamarTlesac hqonda ufleba winadadebiT miemarTa mxareebisaTvis efiqraT saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformebaze.

kanonma mosamarTles diskreciis ufleba dautova. mosamarTle ar iyo valdebuli daemtkicebina saproceso SeTanxmeba. kanonis pirvelad redaqciaSi mosamarTles hqonda uflebamosileba Tu prokuroris mier moTxovnil sasjels mkacrad miiCnevda sasjeli Seemsubuqebina braldebulisaTvis. 2006 wlis 29 dekembris cvlilebebiT mosamarTles sasjelis Semsubuqebis saSualeba CamoerTva da mxolod mxareTa SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi darCa cvlilebebis Setanis ufleba.9

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ganxorcielebuli 2006 wlis 28 aprilis cvlilebebiT mosamarTles saerTod aekrZala kanoniT dadgenilze ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna, Tu pirTan saproceso SeTanxmeba ar iqneboda gaformebuli10.

minimalur sasjelze naklebis Sefardeba mxolod saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobeb-Si gaxada SesaZlebeli. am SemTxvevaSi ki sasjelis zomis gansazRvra eqskluziurad prokurors mieniWa. marTalia, am SemTxvevaSi sasjelis zomis gansazRvrisas braldebu-lis Tanxmoba kvlav aucilebel pirobad darCa, magram mas prokurorTan SedarebiT gacilebiT naklebi berketi dautova. mosamarTles mxolod prokuroris Suamdgom-lobis damtkiceba ardamtkiceba da mxareebisaTvis sasjelis an sxva pirobis Secvlis mxo lod SeTavazebis ufleba darCa da ara sasjelis zomaze sakuTari damoukidebeli

7 `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba-saqarTvelos~ angariSebi da presrelizebi _ saproceso SeTanxmeba saqar-TveloSi, gv. 6.

8 iqve, gv. 6.9 iqve, gv. 9.10 saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebisa da damatebis Setanis Sesaxeb

2006 wlis 28 aprili, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 55-e muxli.

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gadawyvetilebis miReba. aRniSnuli cvlilebiT sasjelis saxis da odenobis gansaz-Rvra, sasjelis Semsubuqeba faqtobrivad mxolod prokuroris prerogativa gaxda da am cvli lebebiT calsaxad SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom mosamarTlis uflebebi gacilebiT metad SeizRuda prokuroris mxaris sasargeblod.11

2. sasamarTlos uflebamosileba saproceso SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas

albert alSuleri (ALBERT W. ALSCHULER) Tavis naSromSi _ `mosamarTlis roli saproceso SeTanxmebaSi~ _ ganasxvavebs saproceso SeTanxmebis sistemis 4 tips, romel-Sic mosamarTles aqvs gansxvavebuli roli. pirveli, roca mosamarTle ar aris CarTuli saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis procesSi da romelSic molaparakebis amocana eqsklu-ziurad prokurors ekuTvnis, meore, romelSic arc mosamarTle da arc prokurori ar awarmoeben pirdapir molaparakebas advokatebTan, magram am sistemaSi mosamarTle axalisebs saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebas imiT, rom regularulad mkacrad sjis im braldebulebs, romlebic saqmis arsebiT ganxilvas amjobineben danaSaulis aRiarebas. mesame tipis sistemaSi mosamarTle aqtiurad monawileobs wina saproceso molaparake-bebSi da braldebuls sTavazobs specifikur benefitebs saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis sanacvlod. meoTxe sistemaSi mosamarTleebi monawileoben molaparakebis procesSi, ma-gram Tavs arideben specifikur wina saproceso dapirebebs.12

erT-erTi mosazrebiT, mosamarTle unda monawileobdes saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas diskusiebSi, radgan mosamarTlis amgvari aqtiuroba iZleva sasjelis prog-nozirebis saSualebas. mosamarTles evaleba Seqmnas gulwrfeli atmosfero, xolo prokurori Riad saubrobs saqmis Zlier da sust mxareebze, rac iZleva saSualebas, rom braldebuli ar darCes `sibneleSi~ da ukeT iyos informirebuli saproceso alterna-tivebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli ki moxsnis im gaurkvevlobas, rac awuxebT braldebulsa da advokats. aRar iqneba aucilebeli `teqnikuri da proceduruli manqanis sruli ritua-lis~ gavla, rac Tavis mxriv Seamcirebs saqmeTa gaWianurebas.

amis sawinaaRmdegod zogierTi Tvlis, rom mosamarTlis Zalaufleba saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas imdenad iZulebiTi xasiaTis matarebelia, rom braldebuls ar SeuZlia nebayoflobiT daeTanxmos mosamarTlis mier SemoTavazebul SeTanxmebas da aRniSnuli ubiZgebs mas Tavi damnaSaved cnos.13

rac Seexeba, Tanamedrove qarTul realobas sisxlis samarTlis procesi warmoadgens mxareTa SejibrebiTobaze dafuZnebul process. mtkicebulebebis mopoveba, sasamarT-loSi maTi wardgena da gamokvleva mxolod mxareebis kompetenciaa. mxareebs SeuZliaT procesis nebismier stadiaze daamTavron saqmis warmoeba braldebaze uaris Tqmis an saproceso SeTanxmebis gziT. mosamarTle inarCunebs neitralur pozicias da saboloo gadawyvetilebas mxareebis mier wardgenili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze iRebs.14

swored sisxlis samarTlis procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli am sirTuleebidan gamom-dinare, samarTliani sasamarTlos uzrunvelyofis mizniT, umniSvnelovanesia mosamarT-lis rolisa da misi uflebamosilebis farglebis Sesabamisi regulireba. saproceso Se-Tanxmebis institutze msjelobisas unda iTqvas, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebis Sesaxeb molaparakeba prokurorsa da dacvis mxares Soris mimdinareobs, raSic mosamar-

11 `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba-saqarTvelos~ angariSebi da presrelizebi _ saproceso SeTanxmeba saqarT-veloSi, 9.

12 ALBERT W. ALSCHULER. (1976).THE TRIAL JUDGE’S ROLE IN PLEA BARGAINING, PART I, COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW, Vol. 76, No. 7, NOVEMBER, p. 1061.

13 Herbert S. Miller, William F. McDonald, James A. Crame.(1978). Plea Bargaining in the United States, U.S. Department of Justice, p. 203-205.

14 doliZe v. (2018). saproceso SeTanxmeba saqarTveloSi _ gamowvevebi da tendenciebi, Jurnali `sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi~ #3, gv. 54.



samarTali

Tle ar monawileobs, magram, miuxedavad imisa, Tu raze moilaparakes mxareebma, sabo-loo gadawyvetilebis miReba mainc sasamarTlos prerogativaa da saproceso SeTanx-meba Zalas mxolod mas Semdeg iZens, rac sasamarTlo mas daamtkicebs gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. swored mosamarTle unda iyos imis garanti, rom aseTi SeTanxmebiT ziani ar miadges braldebulis uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs. mosamarTle sisxlis samar-Tlis saqmis ganxilvis sxvadasxva etapze arkvevs mxareTa Soris saproceso SeTanxmebis arsebobas, aseve sakiTxs, dayenebulia Tu ara Suamdgomloba saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze. am sakiTxs sasamarTlo arkvevs rogorc pirveli wardgenis sasamarTlo sxdomaze, aseve wina sasamarTlo da saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis sxdomebzec. Tuki gairkveva, rom dayenebulia Suamdgomloba saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ixilavs aRniSnul Suamdgomlobas saq. sssk XXI TaviT dadgenili wesiT da iRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebs Tavad mxareebi gansazRvraven da mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvs Caerios am procesSi, mas SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs, Suamdgomlobis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvisas Secvalon saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebi da maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, Seitanos masSi cvlilebebi.15

daskvna

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saproceso SeTanxmeba aris aparati, romlis meSveobiTac mosamarTleebi, prokurorebi da advokatebi TanamSromloben TavianTi in-dividualuri da koleqtiuri miznebis misaRwevad da samive mxare iRebs samarTlebriv sargebels am TanamSromlobis Sedegad.

Tumca saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti ar dgas kritikis miRma da bevri Tvlis, rom is saSualebas aZlevs braldebulebs gaeqcnen saTanado sasjels maT mier Cadenili danaSaulebisaTvis. nawili ki Tvlis, rom udanaSaulo braldebulebi zogjer Tanxm-debian saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformebas, radgan acbunebT marTlmsajulebis sistema da ar ician ra gaakeTon.

rac Seexeba uSualod mosamarTlis rols saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebisas, veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom umjobesi iqneboda Tu mosamarTles eqneboda ufleba ara mxolod SeeTavazebina saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebis Secvla, aramed yofiliyo ufro aqtiuri da monawileoba mieRo pirobebis SecvlaSi Tu prokuroris mier SeTavazebuli sasjeli iqneboda mkacri.

prokuroris farTo diskrecia da mizanmimarTuli mcdeloba, rom dadges gamamtyu-nebeli ganaCeni, yuradRebis miRma tovebs braldebulis uflebebs. moviyvan ramdenime magaliTs Cemi praqtikidan: or pirovnebas jgufur ZarcvaSi edaveboda prokuratura. saproceso SeTanxmebis piroba iyo 2 wliani realuri sasjeli. dacvis mxarem varCi-eT brZola da saqmeze erT-erTi braldebulis mimarT dadga gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni, xolo meores qmedeba dakvalificirda Zarcvis muxlis (178-e muxli) pirveli nawiliT da braldebuls daekisra jarima. jamSi braldebulebma cixeSi gaatares cxra Tve, ris gamoc erT-erTi braldebuli jarimis gadaxdisaganac gaaTavisufla uzenaesma sasamarTlom. dacvis mxares rom ar aerCia brZolis strategia braldebulebi or wels gaatarebdnen cixeSi da damatebiT eqnebodaT pirobiTi sasjelic; mqonia praqtikaSi iseTi SemTx-vevac, roca prokurori dacvis mxares ayenebda wnexis qveS da TiTqmis aiZulebda gae-formebina saproceso SeTanxmeba sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis sxdomazeve, radgan Tu gvian gadawyvetda braldebuli saprocesos gaformebas pirobebic gamkacrdebo-da an prokurori saerTod uars etyoda saprocesos gaformebaze da es maSin, roca braldebuli saerTod ar iyo nasamarTlevi da saqme exeboda araZaladobriv danaSauls.

15 doliZe v. (2018). saproceso SeTanxmeba saqarTveloSi _ gamowvevebi da tendenciebi, Jurnali `sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi~ #3, gv. 54.

117

Tumca isec momxdara, rom gancxadeba dagviweria pirobiT sasjelze da SegviTavazebia jarimis gadaxdac, magram miuxedavad imisa, rom braldebuli iyo Svidjer nasamarTlevi narkotikuli saSualebis ukanonod moxmarebisaTvis, ixdida pirobiT sasjels da qur-dobis muxlis pirveli nawilis CadenaSi edeboda brali, prokuraturas mxolod sami weli pirobiTi sasjeli SemouTavazebia. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare mosamarTlis rolis gaaqtiureba saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebisas moemsaxureba braldebulis interesebs, igi ar moeqceva braldebulis mimarT keTilganwyobili an naklebad keTil-ganwyobili prokuroris gavlenis qveS, romlis saproceso funqcia swored is aris, rom mxari dauWiros saxelmwifo braldebas da misgan Tavzemoxveuli, calkeul SemTxvevebSi usamarTlo sasjelis zoma ar iqceva braldebulis bediswerad.

mimaCnia, rom:

1. sasamarTlo instituciurad ufro neitraluri organoa vidre prokuratura da ar aris pasuxismgebeli im politikaze, rasac samarTaldamcavi organoebi atareben;

2. saproceso SeTanxmeba Tavisi arsiT aris SeTanxmeba prokurorsa da braldebuls Soris, amitom am molaparakebaSi mosamarTlis CarTva mesame mxared ewinaaRmdege-ba am institutis samarTlebriv bunebas. mag., Tu mosamarTles mivcemT uflebas saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebi SesTavazos braldebuls, braldebuli ki uars ganacxadebs amaze, SemdgomSi mosamarTles gauWirdeba iyos miukerZoebeli am saqmis gadawyvetisas. Tumca

3. sasamarTlos, rogorc damoukidebel da miukerZoebel instancias, unda hqondes makontrolebeli funqcia prokuroris mier braldebulisTvis SeTavazebuli sasjelis zomaze da unda flobdes misi Semcirebis uflebamosilebas Tu sas-jeli iqneba mkacri; amisaTvis ki saWiroa mosamarTlis, rogorc damoukidebeli makontroleblis rolis gaaqtiureba.

aRniSnuli ki moemsaxureba Semdegs:

1. saproceso SeTanxmebaze molaparakebis procesi iqneba ufro gamWvirvale;

2. daculi iqneba sajaro interesi da saproceso SeTanxmeba ar CaiTvleba mxolod kerZo garigebad prokurorsa da braldebuls Soris;

3. daculi iqneba braldebulis uflebebi. braldebuli aRar iqneba damokidebuli mis mimarT araSemwynarebeli prokuroris nebaze.

4. dabalansdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxaris uflebamosileba sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesSi, rac Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs mxareTa Tanasworobas saqmis ganxilvisas.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi 09/10/2009.

fafiaSvili, l. (red.) (2017). saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso samarTali kerZo nawili.

doliZe, v. (2018). saproceso SeTanxmeba saqarTveloSi _ gamowvevebi da tendenciebi, Jurnali `sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi~ #3, gv. 45-64.

managaZe, d. (2010). saproceso SeTanxmeba _ gamocdileba da praqtika, saerTaSorisosamarT-lisa da marTvis qarTul-britanuli universiteti: samecniero SromaTa krebuli, t. me-3, gv.163-178.

mWedliSvili T. (2010). saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis zogadi mimoxilva, wminda grigol feraZis Tbilisis saswavlo universiteti: Sromebis krebuli, t. me-3, gv. 131-161.

ALBERT W. ALSCHULER. (1976). THE TRIAL JUDGE’S ROLE IN PLEA BARGAINING, PART I, COLUM-BIA LAW REVIEW, Vol. 76, No. 7, NOVEMBER.



samarTali

sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebi saproceso SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis damtkicebisas

ela kusiani

doqtorantiaRmosavleT evropis universiteti

anotacia

winamdebare statiis mizans warmoadgens im sakiTxis kvleva mizanSewonilia Tu ara mosamarTles hqondes ufleba cvlilebebi Seitanos saproceso SeTanxmebis pirobebSi misi damtkicebisas. iqne-boda Tu ara aRniSnuli uflebis miniWeba sasamarTlosaTvis mniSvnelovani berketi braldebulis uflebebis dasacavad da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT garantirebuli samarTliani procesis uzrunvelsayofad? statiaSi aRniSnulis Taobaze msjeloba ganvaviTarebulia saqa-rTveloSi saproceso SeTanxmebis damkividrebis istoriis mimoxilvis paralelurad. statiis bolos daskvnis saxiT gamoTqmulia rekomendacia, rom sasamarTlos, rogorc damoukidebel da miukerZoebel instancias, unda hqondes makontrolebeli funqcia prokuroris mier braldebu-lisTvis SeTavazebuli sasjelis zomaze da unda flobdes misi Semcirebis uflebamosilebas Tu sasjeli iqneba mkacri; amisaTvis ki saWiroa mosamarTlis, rogorc damoukidebeli makontroleb-lis rolis gaaqtiureba. aRniSnuli cvlileba ki moemsaxureba Semdegs: saproceso SeTanxmebaze molaparakebis procesi iqneba ufro gamWvirvale; daculi iqneba sajaro interesi da saproceso SeTanxmeba ar CaiTvleba mxolod kerZo garigebad prokurorsa da braldebuls Soris; daculi iqneba braldebulis uflebebi; braldebuli aRar iqneba damokidebuli mis mimarT araSemwynare-beli prokuroris nebaze; dabalansdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxaris uflebamosileba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, rac Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs mxareTa Tanasworobas saqmis ganxilvisas.

sakvanZo sityvebi: saproceso SeTanxmeba, mosamarTlis roli

Scope of the Court’s Powers in Approving a Plea of Guilty

Ella Kusiani

Ph.D. Student East European University

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the question of whether a judge has the right to make changes to the terms of a plea agreement when it is approved. Would the grant of such a right be an important tool for the court to defend the rights of the accused and to ensure a fair trial guaranteed by the Code of Criminal Procedure? The discussion of this article is developed in parallel with the review of the history of establishing a plea bargain in Georgia.This article con-cludes with the recommendation that the Court, as an independent and impartial instance, should have a supervisory function over the size of the sentence offered by the prosecutor and should have the power to reduce it if the sentence is severe; To do this, the role of the judge as an independent watchdog needs to be activated.This will serve the follow-ing: The plea bargaining process will be more transparent; The public interest will be protected and the plea bargain won’t be considered as a private transaction between the prosecutor and the accused; The rights of the accused will be protected. The accused will no longer depend on the will of the unfriendly prosecutor. The powers of the prosecution and defense in criminal proceedings will be balanced. Which in turn ensures equality of parties in the proceedings.

Keywords: Plea bargain, The Role of the judge

Herbert S. Miller,William F. McDonald, James A. Crame. (1978). Plea Bargaining in the United States, U.S. Department of Justice.

Malcolm M. Feeley. (1982). Plea Bargaining and the Structure of the Criminal Process, Berkeley Law.Jenia I. Turner. (2017). Plea Bargaing, Academy For Justice, A Report on Scholarship and Criminal Justice Reform. http://www.supremecourt.ge/statistics/

სასამართლოს უფლებამოსილების...

Law

Transcript of სასამართლოს უფლებამოსილების...