© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 1

Synergy of Systems Engineering and Modeling and Simulation

International Conference on Modeling and Simulation:

Methodology, Tools, Software Applications

Calgary, Canada, July 31 - August 2 , 2006

Tuncer Ören M&SNet: Ottawa Center of the McLeod

Institute of Simulation SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~oren

Levent YilmazM&SNet: Auburn M&S Laboratory

Computer Science & Software EngineeringAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~yilmaz

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 2

1. Aim

Endorse and promote

systems engineering

in serious (large and complex) M&S studies

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 3

Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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Some personal biases of the first author:

• Master’s in mechanical engineering

Hence strong belief in the value of tools and integrated tools;And in the information age, the value of soft tools.

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 5

Some personal biases:

• At the beginning of my career I worked, for 5 years, as an IBM systems engineer

Hence I appreciate the value of problem formulation in solution generation.

(Please note that – in most high schools and universities –

in science education for example, the emphasis is not on problem formulation; problems are always well formulated & there are even no noises in problem specifications; classical education does not foster problem specification skills.)

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Some personal biases of the first author:

• Ph.D. (1971) in Systems Engineering (Univ. of Arizona)

• Thesis: “GEST: General Systems Theory implemetor” (the first system theory-based simulation model specification language)

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An analogy:

If we want to build a small cottage, - a craftsman can do a very good job;- having structural engineers may be unnecessary.

In M&S there was a time when – for small projects –

art and craftsmanship was the norm.

However, the craftsmanship techniques do not scale up to build a skyscraper.

Google gives 14 million+ hits, when searched with “failures of simulation projects!”

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 8

Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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Why systems?

In serious simulations,

(1) The simuland has to be represented (modeled):

- System theories provide solid background to

represent & process (complex) systems of

interest (or systems under investigation).

(remember the term “systems of systems”

used especially in military applications); and

(2)Simulation tools and/environments are also often

(complex) systems.

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 10

Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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Customer needs

Re-evaluate

Re-evaluate

Re-evaluate

Re-evaluate

Re-evaluate

State the problem

Model the system

Assess performance

Launch the system

Integrate

Investigate alternatives

Outputs

Re-evaluate

Systems Engineering Process(adopted from INCOSE*-fellows; originally from Bahill and Gissing 1998)

S - State the problem

I - Investigate alternatives

M - Model the system

I - Integrate

L - Launch the system

A - Assess performance

R - Re-evaluate* International Council on Systems Engineering

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Please note that there is also

a “V” model of systems engineering.

© Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006-07-31 13

Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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• M&S provides ideal laboratory facilities for SE studies to perform experiments with system models. (Smith 1962)• The use of M&S in SE is well established. The mission of the M&S Committee of NDIA’s Systems Engineering Division is for example: “Advance the understanding and use of modeling and simulation in the practice of systems engineering for DOD programs.” (Hollenbach 2003, NDIA-M&S Com) • Connors et al. refer to simulation-based systems engineering to life-cycle management of defense systems. (Connors et al. 2002)• Stuckey (2005) reports inherent value of M&S in systems engineering and test in defense applications.

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Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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• One of the three recommendations made by Hollenbach to overcome some shortcomings of M&S in important applications is to “Adopt Disciplined M&S Planning (Left Side of Systems Engineering “V” for M&S)” (Hollenbach 2003).

(valuable details in the reference)

• Bartolomei (2001) develops a framework for the use of SE in M&S within a military acquisition program.

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Some references

(from the M&S Body of Knowledge site maintained by Dr. Ören)

http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~oren/MSBOK/refs-byTopics.htm#6

Groups• MITRE (2001): Distributed Simulation Systems Engineering: How to Play War• NDIA-M&S Committee: Modelling and Simulation Committee of the Systems Engineering Division of NDIA (National Defence Industrial Association)• NDIA Systems Engineering Division - M&S Committee: Mission, Background and Objectives. by Hollenbach, Jim. (2003). • NIA: National Institute of Aerospace - Center for Aerospace Systems Engineering, Modeling and Simulation.• UAH-RSESC: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Rotorcraft Systems Engineering and Simulation Center.

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Bartolomei, JÈ. (2001). The Use of Systems Engineering Processes and Tools to Develop a System Dynamic Simulation Model of Engineering Support During the Development Phase of an Acquisition Program. Master's Thesis. Brasse, M., Kok, A.J.F., Budde, E.-W. (2001). Systems Engineering and Integration Aspects of a Multi-National HLA Federation Development. • Connors, S., Gauldin, J., Smith, M. (2002). Closed-Loop, Simulation-Based, Systems Engineering Approach to Life-Cycle Management of Defense Systems. Proc. WSC. 2005• Stuckey, Richard M. (2005) US Department of Defense Systems Engineering & Test -Progress Toward Revitalization -

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Plan

1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

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As a result of the advancements,

(1)M&S is applied to more and more complex and large scale systems and

(2)M&S systems also are becoming more complex.

This double complexity requires a higher level of problem solving paradigm in M&S studies.

Systems engineering provides such high level paradigm to solve problems.

Hence, already some institutions responsible for the deployment of solutions to large and complex problems started to benefit from the synergy of modeling and simulation and systems engineering.

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1. Aims2. Some motivations

- personal bias of the first author; an analogy3. Why systems?4. Systems Engineering Process5. Synergy of SE and M&S

5.1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5.2 SE for M&S and some references6. Conclusions

We have seen