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Transcript of © OECD/IEA, 2008 London Group on Environmental and Economic Accounting Brussels, Belgium, 30...
© OECD/IEA, 2008
London Group on Environmental and Economic AccountingLondon Group on Environmental and Economic AccountingBrussels, Belgium, 30 September 2008Brussels, Belgium, 30 September 2008
Harmonisation of the Definitions of Harmonisation of the Definitions of Flows and Products:Flows and Products:
The Contribution of the InterEnerStat InitiativeThe Contribution of the InterEnerStat Initiative
Jean-Yves GarnierHead, Energy Statistics Division
International Energy Agency
© OECD/IEA, 2008
UN
Secretaria de EnergíaMexico
5% gap5% gap5% gap5% gap
1995 1996 1997 1998APEC 2653 2903 3087 3134IEA 2741 2872 3062 3109OLADE 2722 2969 3022 3070OPEC 2618 2858 3022 3071UN 2834 2977 3166
Crude Oil Production for Mexico (in kbd)
3210
Avoiding/reducing the differences between statistics published by various organisations
Reducing the reporting burden passed to countries
Avoiding/reducing the differences between statistics published by various organisations
Reducing the reporting burden passed to countries
Why a need for harmonising definitions and Why a need for harmonising definitions and strengthening cooperationstrengthening cooperation
© OECD/IEA, 2008
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
The JODI Initiative: A first attempt to harmonise oil The JODI Initiative: A first attempt to harmonise oil definitions and to strengthen cooperationdefinitions and to strengthen cooperation
Joint questionnairewith harmonised
definitions
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Country:Country:Month:Month: Unit:Unit:
JOINT APERC/EUROSTAT/OECD-IEA/ OLADE/OPEC/UN DATA EXERCISE
Production
Imports
Exports
Closing Change
Refinery Intake
Crude Oil
Stocks
Petroleum Products
LPG Gasoline KeroseneGas/Diesel
OilFuel Oil Total Oil
Refinery Output
Imports
Exports
Closing Change
Demand
Stocks
Start simple: one key to successStart simple: one key to success
Simple Definitions Simple Definitions
Month -1 and Month -2Month -1 and Month -2
Choice of units left to organisations Choice of units left to organisations
A Simple Format (42 data points) A Simple Format (42 data points)
© OECD/IEA, 2008
International Energy Forum Conferences
JODI Conferences
Inter-Secretariat Working Group Meetings
International Energy Forum Conferences
JODI Conferences
Inter-Secretariat Working Group Meetings
Amst.May 04
ViennaMay 01
ViennaOct 01
RiyadhNov. 01
MexicoMay 02
Luxem.Jan 02
ViennaApr 02
OsakaSep 02
MadridJuly 00
ParisNov 00
BangkokApr 01
RiyadhNov 00
ViennaJan 03
ParisJuly 02
ParisDec 03
ViennaJun 04
ParisNov 05
Luxem.Jan 06
ViennaSep 06
N YorkMay 06
RiyadhNov 06
DohaMay 06
RiyadhJan 05
ParisJul 05
RiyadhNov 05
Amst.May 04
MexicoMay 02
ParisDec 03
CairoOct 03
BaliOct 04
Harmonisation and Cooperation is a long ProcessHarmonisation and Cooperation is a long Process
ParisNov 07
Launch of the JODI Database
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Since the launch, the JODI database is Since the launch, the JODI database is updated every monthupdated every month
Although still imperfect, the database has started to be used by analysts and oil companies
Although still imperfect, the database has started to be used by analysts and oil companies
© OECD/IEA, 2008
What has JODI changedWhat has JODI changedHow Statistics is Viewed by Policy Makers and
Analysts Policy makers and analysts have realised that building a detailed,
timely and reliable global database on oil supply and demand cannot happen overnight.
It involves political commitment, a great deal of cooperation between companies, countries and organisations. It also needs proper resources.
The place and role of statistics and statisticians have certainly benefited from JODI
International Cooperation JODI has contributed to strengthen links between organisations:
The strong cooperation between APEC and the IEA is a great example of the strengthening of the links
InterEnerStat: JODI has created a momentum to further strengthen international cooperation not only on oil statistics but on all energy statistics
On 19 November 2005, King On 19 November 2005, King Abdullah launched the JODI Abdullah launched the JODI
database live on internetdatabase live on internet
© OECD/IEA, 2008
A short backgroundA short background
At the 36th Session of the UN Statistical Commission, energy was in the spotlight of the Commission
This led to the Ad-hoc Energy Group Meeting on 23-25 May 2005 organised by UNSD in New York
This subsequently led to the recommendation to establish A City Group (the Oslo City Group)A City Group (the Oslo City Group) An Inter Secretariat Working Group (InterEnerStat)An Inter Secretariat Working Group (InterEnerStat)
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The 1The 1stst InterEnerStat Workshop InterEnerStat Workshop
Date: 22-23 November 2005
Place: International Energy Agency, Paris
Participants: 24 major regional and international organisations. Both data providers (IEA, UNSD, OPEC, Eurostat, FAO) and users (WB, IMF, UNFCCC,…)
Objectives: To hear from each organisation what they do, what are To hear from each organisation what they do, what are
their problems and their expectations for more their problems and their expectations for more co-operationco-operation
To pave the way for more harmonisation and for To pave the way for more harmonisation and for strengthening bilateral and international co-operationstrengthening bilateral and international co-operation
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Two Clear RequestsTwo Clear Requests
Harmonisation
Methodologies
Definitions
Units
Conversion factors
Harmonised demands and questionnaires
Handbooks and manuals
Training
Quality framework
Harmonisation
Methodologies
Definitions
Units
Conversion factors
Harmonised demands and questionnaires
Handbooks and manuals
Training
Quality framework
Co-operation
Raising political awareness
Harmonisation
Joint Questionnaires
Joint Training
Common manuals
Joint quality assessment
Exchange of data
Co-operation
Raising political awareness
Harmonisation
Joint Questionnaires
Joint Training
Common manuals
Joint quality assessment
Exchange of data
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The first step was to collect from each organisationThe first step was to collect from each organisationits own set of definitionsits own set of definitions
WORLD BANK
FAO
UNEUROSTAT
OPEC
OAPEC
The 2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to access
Preparation of a joint website
The 2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to access
Preparation of a joint website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Comments on the website
Decision to hire an independent expert to look at flows and products definitions and propose “compromise” definitions
Other actions
The 2The 2ndnd InterEnerStat Workshop InterEnerStat Workshop19-20 November 2007, IEA, Paris19-20 November 2007, IEA, Paris
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Current status on InterEnerStatCurrent status on InterEnerStat
The expert has prepared a set of compromise definitions
The set of definitions are being circulated to all organisations for comments
Organise meetings by fuel for concerned organisations to discuss findings (end October 2008)
Try to get an overall agreement on most (all) of the definitions
© OECD/IEA, 2008
OilA group of liquid hydrocarbons of fossil origins comprising Crude (that is, unprocessed) oil and fully or partly processed products from the processing of Crude oil. Functionally similar liquid hydrocarbons and organic chemicals from vegetal or animal origins are identified separately within oil under liquid biofuels.
Crude OilCrude oil is a mineral oil of fossil origin extracted from underground reservoirs and which comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and usually flows to the surface under the pressure of the reservoir. The physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable.In its marketable state crude oil may include field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is commingled with the commercial crude oil stream.Crude oil may also be extracted from reservoirs containing heavy oils or tar sands which need heating or emulsifying in situ before they can be brought to the surface.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from wet (associated or non-associated) natural gas in separation facilities or gas processing plants. See entry for natural gas for an explanation of some of the terms used here.Natural gas liquids comprise ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gasoline or plant condensate). NGL may be distilled with crude oil in refineries, blended with refined petroleum products or used directly depending on their characteristics.Do not confuse NGL with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
Refinery FeedstockA product from crude oil refining or the processing of hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry which is destined for further processing in the refinery excluding blending.
Additives/OxygenatesAdditives and oxygenates are non-hydrocarbon compounds added to or blended with a product to modify fuel properties (octane, cetane, cold properties, etc.):•oxygenates, such as alcohols (methanol, ethanol), ethers (such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether), TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether)); •esters (e.g. rapeseed or dimethylester, etc.);•chemical compounds (such as TML, TEL and detergents).
Liquid BiofuelsLiquid biofuels are derived from organic matter and used as complete or partial substitutes for petroleum products at the point of use.The most common liquid biofuels are biogasoline and biodiesel.
Sample of proposed compromised definitionsSample of proposed compromised definitions
Proposal from
the expert
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The The WebsiteWebsite
Cooperation and harmonisation are progressing Cooperation and harmonisation are progressing much more than one could thinkmuch more than one could think
© OECD/IEA, 2008
In fact, a lot of work took place in each organisation and between organisations
In fact, a lot of work took place in each organisation and between organisations
Harmonisation
Manuals
Training
Statistics Law
Dissemination
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Organisations can work together on joint Organisations can work together on joint manuals, e.g. the IEA/OECD/Eurostat Manualmanuals, e.g. the IEA/OECD/Eurostat Manual
SpanishSpanish RussianRussian ChineseChinese
EnglishEnglish FrenchFrench GermanGerman TurkishTurkish
Manuals
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The JODI Manual is another example of The JODI Manual is another example of harmonisation and cooperationharmonisation and cooperation
Manuals
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Organisations can work together on joint training Organisations can work together on joint training sessions, e.g. the JODI training programme sessions, e.g. the JODI training programme
1st JODI Training
------14-19/08/06
------OLADE
IEFSIEA
OPECUNSDIMF
1st JODI Training
------14-19/08/06
------OLADE
IEFSIEA
OPECUNSDIMF
2nd JODI Training
------29/01-2/02/07
------IEFS
EurostatIEA
OPECIMF
2nd JODI Training
------29/01-2/02/07
------IEFS
EurostatIEA
OPECIMF
CaracasCaracas
JohannesburgJohannesburg
CaspianCaspianSeaSea
3rd JODI Training
------23-26 10/07
------IEFSIEA
OPECUNSDIMF
3rd JODI Training
------23-26 10/07
------IEFSIEA
OPECUNSDIMF
AlgiersAlgiers
4thJODI Training
------09/08------IEFS
APECIEA
4thJODI Training
------09/08------IEFS
APECIEA
BangkokBangkok
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The ultimate goal would be to have one questionnaire The ultimate goal would be to have one questionnaire common to all countries and organisationscommon to all countries and organisations
WORLD BANK
FAO
UNEUROSTAT
OPEC
OAPEC
?
Dream or reality?Dream or reality?
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Term to be harmonised
Comments
Definitions
Units
Questionnaires
Methodology
Processing
Quality checks/standards
Dissemination
Harmonisation passes by Harmonisation passes by an agreement on key pointsan agreement on key points
Not so easy – eg:crude oil production
Easy in principle – conversion factors
Related to definitions but also to level of detail
Depending on convention adopted
e.g. TPES vs. TPER
Who processes what(e.g. Mexico: APEC, OECD, OLADE, UNSD)
Essential for sake of comparability/level of confidence
Should be easy… when all the other points have been agreed
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The primary purpose of energy statistics is to The primary purpose of energy statistics is to support the work of energy policy makers: support the work of energy policy makers:
the example of the IEAthe example of the IEA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
US$/bl
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
US$/bl
Diversity (gas, coal, electricity)
Oil prices at $37/bl Emissions
Rio SummitRio SummitKyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
Production Imports/Exports
Stocks
Consumption Transformation
Establishment of the IEAEstablishment of the IEA
Prices escalatingPrices escalating
End-Use Socio-Economic
Production
Efficiency Efficiency
Efficiency
1st Oil Crisis1st Oil Crisis 2nd Oil Crisis2nd Oil Crisis
Dependency Price
Security
Therefore, definitions of energy flows and products are specific to energy analysts and policy makers
Security of supply
Security of demand
Energy intensity vs energy efficiency
Stocks (levels, changes)
Imports and exports (definition varies from fuel to fuel)
Therefore, definitions of energy flows and products are specific to energy analysts and policy makers
Security of supply
Security of demand
Energy intensity vs energy efficiency
Stocks (levels, changes)
Imports and exports (definition varies from fuel to fuel)
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Most of the services in charge of energy Most of the services in charge of energy statistics are not the national statistics officesstatistics are not the national statistics offices
Example of the IEA Observatoire de l’Energie for FranceObservatoire de l’Energie for France Energy Information Administration for USEnergy Information Administration for US METI for JapanMETI for Japan Only a few countries have appointed their statistics Only a few countries have appointed their statistics
offices as data providersoffices as data providers
The same applies to other organisations OLADE for Latin AmericaOLADE for Latin America APEC for Asia-PacificAPEC for Asia-Pacific OPEC for oil exporting countriesOPEC for oil exporting countries
© OECD/IEA, 2008
What does this mean in terms of priority and What does this mean in terms of priority and harmonisation?harmonisation?
Priority is to harmonise definitions and methodologies between organisations dealing with energy statistics and energy matters
Thus, initiatives such as JODI or InterEnerStat
This does not mean that there is no room for harmonising with This does not mean that there is no room for harmonising with other sectors of activities (the cooperation with IPCC or CO2 other sectors of activities (the cooperation with IPCC or CO2 emissions from fuel combustion is a good example of such emissions from fuel combustion is a good example of such harmonisation)harmonisation)
However, this should be done in the full respect of the priority However, this should be done in the full respect of the priority mission of energy statistics which is to offer energy analysts mission of energy statistics which is to offer energy analysts and policy makers all the necessary information to conduct their and policy makers all the necessary information to conduct their analyses and launch their policiesanalyses and launch their policies
It is our sincere hope that InterEnerStat will contribute to It is our sincere hope that InterEnerStat will contribute to harmonising definitions (and methodologies) between energy harmonising definitions (and methodologies) between energy organisations which could then be used for building interfaces organisations which could then be used for building interfaces and bridges with other sectors in the respect of each other’s and bridges with other sectors in the respect of each other’s interest and missioninterest and mission Thank youThank you