永續化學與生活─ 衣物清潔劑(一)ktliu/pubs/永續化學與生活(8)-衣物清潔劑(一).pdf · 永續化學與生活 314 2013.4 衣物清潔劑(一) 劉廣定
第三章 台灣農業永續發展面臨問題的探討 -...
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Transcript of 第三章 台灣農業永續發展面臨問題的探討 -...
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39
Conway 1987
3-1
Agroecosystem
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40
3-1 Conway 1987 agroecosystem Conway 1987
convent ional
green revolut ion
al ternat ive
Sustainable
Agricul ture
Conway and
Barbier ,1990
3-1
dis turbances
p r o d u c t i v i t y
Conway 1985
-
41
Lockeretz 1988 1
2
3
4
3-1
Conway 1985
disturbances product ivi ty
Lockeretz 1988
FAO 1988
Hamilton 1990
Keeney 1991
U.S. NRC 1991
Urech 2000
1994
1994
2002
2002
-
42
Brundtland Report
5 6
7
8
9
10
Hamil ton 1990
Keeney
1991
FAO
1988 NRC 1991
1
2
3 4
5
6
Urech 2000
1994
1994
-
43
2002
2002
Brundtland Repor t
1992
measuring system character is t ics
developing
sustainabi l i ty indicator
Gibbon, D. and
Jakobsson, K. M. , 1999
unsustainabi l i ty
Jodha 1990
-
44
1.
Carrying
Capaci ty
3-6
48 3-2
3-2 2
3 5.5
0.9
1.6
1.4
3-2
72 48159 894326 53-85
73 45910 891655 51.49
74 43973 887660 49.54
75 39641 887451 44.67
76 36181 886281 40.82
77 36604 894974 40.90
78 42088 894601 47.05
79 41982 890090 47.17
80 41843 884443 47.31
81 43614 875951 49.79
82 44943 874535 51.39
-
45
83 47377 872307 54.31
84 48268 873378 55.27
85 43509 872159 49.89
86 42962 864817 49.68
87 39250 858756 45.71
88 35044 855072 40.98
89 36846 851495 43-27
90 40173 848743 47.33
91 42123 847334 49.71
2 .
1948
1958
1993
1
3-3
9000
3-4
8,000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91
-
46
0.50
0.70
0.90
1.10
1.30
1.50
1.70
60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90
3-2
3-3 6791
1
2002
80
55,000
3-3
2002
60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91
67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91
-
47
3-4
3-4 6791
3-3
( )
77 24,266
78 33,487
79 35,760
80 39,659
81 41,535
82 44,671
83 47,203
84 54,534
85 56,581
86 56,542
87 56,111
88 56,593
89 55,601
90 54,005
91 53,272
3.
3-4 2000
-
48
36006.2 197.01 0 .55% 4106.4 76.91 1 .87%
271.8 1 .34 0 .49% 1290.8 5 .09 0 .39%
132.8 0 0 .00% 60 0 0 .00%
104.1 0 .02 0 .02% 175.7 0 0 .00%
2052.6 32.69 1 .59% 153-6 0 0 .00%
2143-6 5 .64 0 .26% 1901.7 22.48 1 .18%
1221 12.63 1 .03% 2016 0 .01 0 .00%
1427.6 17.58 1 .23% 2792.7 2 .18 0 .08%
163-4 0 0 .00% 2775.6 0 .32 0 .01%
1820.3 10.35 0 .57% 126.9 0 0 .00%
2051.5 0 .45 0 .02% 3515.3 7 .59 0 .22%
1074.4 0 .1 0 .01% 4628.6 1 .63 0 .04%
2002
(1)
2
90%
(2)
80%
(3)
(4)
(5)
-
49
2002
4.
3-5
WTO
3-6
6
4.5
3-7
5.
6.
8 0
% 5 10
-
50
3-5
3-6 67 91
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91
3-7 67 91
11
4
10%
7.
10
0
10
20
30
45 55 65 75 85 87 89
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91
6 7 7 0 7 3 7 6 7 9 8 2 8 5 8 8 9 1
-
51
/ 30 /
1996
8.
80%
2002
GDP
-
52