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TELUQ The Organization and Use of

Learning Objects for Knowledge Management

The Organization and Use of Learning Objects for

Knowledge Management

byDr Gilbert Paquette

CIRTA-LICEF Research CenterTélé-université, Montréal

http://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gphttp://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gp

66th EAGE Conference – Paris June 7-10. 2004

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TELUQ

Books (5) AI and KB systems - Knowledge Modeling - Instructional Engineering

Research Knowledge representation - Adaptive advisors - Virtual learning centers - Instructional Engineering

Tools MOT, MISA, ADISA, Explor@

Affiliations Télé-université’s Research Center (LICEF) - CIRTA Founder - Canada Research Chair on CIE - President of Cogigraph Technology – DIR. Of the LORNET research network

Collaborations DMR, B. of M, Eduplus, Hydro-Quebec, Canadian DoD, Armstrong Lab, ABL, GDC, CAE, BGW, NOVASYS, Teleglobe, Bell-Technomedia, CNET

Some Some BookmarksBookmarks

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TELUQ

Linked ConceptsLinked Concepts

Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management Intellectual CapitalIntellectual Capital Learning OrganizationLearning Organization Business IntelligenceBusiness Intelligence Organic FirmOrganic Firm Process re-engineeringProcess re-engineering Decision supportDecision support Competency ManagementCompetency Management

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A Growing RealityA Growing Reality From 1997 to 1998, organizations From 1997 to 1998, organizations

involved in KM has grown from 28% to involved in KM has grown from 28% to 51%!51%! – Knowledge Management Special Report, Knowledge Management Special Report,

May 1998, Delphi Group, BostonMay 1998, Delphi Group, Boston 1998, one third had KM initiative 1998, one third had KM initiative

ongoing, another third were preparing ongoing, another third were preparing oneone– KPMG Study in 25 companiesKPMG Study in 25 companies

2002: 80% of 158 Fortune 1000 2002: 80% of 158 Fortune 1000 companies have a KM programscompanies have a KM programs– Conference Board and American Conference Board and American

Management Association surveyManagement Association survey

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TELUQ

Why Knowledge Why Knowledge Management?Management?

Enterprises realize how important it is to Enterprises realize how important it is to know what they knowknow what they know..

Knowledge is scattered in and outside the Knowledge is scattered in and outside the organization, organization, – In databases, documents, mediasIn databases, documents, medias– In peoples’ headsIn peoples’ heads

Knowledge takes time to acquireKnowledge takes time to acquire Early retirements and increasing mobility Early retirements and increasing mobility

are reducing the available knowledge are reducing the available knowledge ownersowners

Knowledge grows exponentially and must Knowledge grows exponentially and must be assimilated at an ever faster ratebe assimilated at an ever faster rate

Life-long learning is an inescapable Life-long learning is an inescapable realityreality

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Hidden and Tacit Hidden and Tacit KnowledgeKnowledge

Available information: – Explicited knowledge =

structured information– Tacit knowledge =

not yet externalized (chunking phenomena)

Hidden information:– Unmined information or

databases– Unidentified important

information

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Information and Information and knowledgeknowledge

Information Knowledge

Elicitation

Learning

InstructionalEngineering

KnowledgeEngineering

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TELUQ

Knowledge EngineeringKnowledge Engineering

A methodology to transform information A methodology to transform information into usable knowledgeinto usable knowledge

Goal: Knowledge Elicitation, Representation Goal: Knowledge Elicitation, Representation and Useand Use

Phases:Phases:– Process planningProcess planning– Knowledge identification (using documents and Knowledge identification (using documents and

interview techniques)interview techniques)– Knowledge conceptualization (Modeling)Knowledge conceptualization (Modeling)– Knowledge formalization (In XML, Data bases,…)Knowledge formalization (In XML, Data bases,…)– Structured information access (through a Structured information access (through a

computarized system)computarized system)

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Knowledge ModelingKnowledge Modeling

Actor M

R

Procedure ARessource X

Ressource Y

I/P

I/P I/P

Procedure B

Ressource Z

Actor N

R

I/P

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MOT+ ModelingMOT+ Modeling

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TELUQ

Instructional EngineeringInstructional Engineering

Making knowledge Making knowledge available to people available to people through competency through competency buildingbuilding

A systemic methodologyA systemic methodology– Knowledge, skills, Knowledge, skills,

competency definitioncompetency definition– Instructional strategies and Instructional strategies and

activitiesactivities– Media selection, Media selection,

adaptation, constructionadaptation, construction– Delivery processesDelivery processes

InstructionalDesign

Software

EngineeringKnowled

ge

Engineering

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MISA

Knowledge Modeling

210 Knowledge modeling principles212 Knowledge model214 Target competencies310 Learning units content 410 Learning instruments content 610 Knowledge and competency management

Instructional Modeling

220 Instructional principles222 Learning events network224 Learning units properties320 Instructional scenarios322 Learning activities properties420 Learning instruments properties620 Actors and group management

Materials Modeling

230 Media principles 330 Development infrastructure 430 Learning materials list 432 Learning materials models 434 Media elements 436 Source documents630 Learning system / resource management

Delivery Modeling

240 Delivery principles242 Cost-benefit analysis340 Delivery planning440 Delivery models442 Actors and user’s materials444 Tools and telecommunication446 Services and delivery locations540 Assessment planning640 Maintenance / quality management

Problem definition

100 Training system102 Training objectives

104 Target Learners106 Actual situation

108 Reference documents

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Learning Objects and Interoperability

““A learning object is any entity, digital or non-A learning object is any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used, or referenced digital, that can be used, re-used, or referenced during technology-supported learning”. (IEEE LTSC during technology-supported learning”. (IEEE LTSC 2000)2000)

Includes materials, tools, services, persons, eventsIncludes materials, tools, services, persons, events Not necessarily digitized, include printed, lab Not necessarily digitized, include printed, lab

materialmaterial Used not only by learners, but also other actorsUsed not only by learners, but also other actors Includes activity descriptions, instructional Includes activity descriptions, instructional

structure, learning or assistance scenarios.structure, learning or assistance scenarios.

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LearningMaterialsModel-Specific Tools

Means of Com.

Required ServicesDelivery Locations

Learners’ Roles

Facilitators’Roles

Delivery models and Delivery models and Blended Blended LearningLearning

Distributed

Classroom

Presentations, videos, websitesVideo-conf. system, browser, present.toolsSynchronous telecom

Technical support

Classroom, multimedia room

Receive input, ask questions, exercises

Presenter

LearningPortals

Internet and MM training

Browser, search engine, MM supportAsynchron

ous telecomCom. support

Residence, workplace

Autonomous Learning, access informationTraining manager

Online Coachin

g

Productions, informative websitesForum, email, multimedia playerAsynchron

ous telecomCom. support

Residence, workplace

Asks questions, cooperation, telediscuss.

Trainer, presenter

Communities of

practice

Asynchronous telecom

Productions, informative websitesForum, e-mail, multimedia player

Comm. support

Residence, workplace

Cooperation, telediscuss, information exchange

Group animator

EPSS

Activity guide, contextualised help filesOrganization data bases and systems

Asynchronous telecom

Systems technical support

Workplace

Exercises, case studies, simulationsSupport manager

Lea

rnin

g O

bje

cts

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Metadata: Towards the Semantic WebMetadata: Towards the Semantic Web

Knowledge Objects (Resources) Knowledge Objects (Resources) are described by their Metadata: are described by their Metadata: properties and types of objects properties and types of objects

Metadata is a basis for a Semantic Metadata is a basis for a Semantic Web description of objects or Web description of objects or resourcesresources

Need to be completed by an Need to be completed by an ontology: concepts + relations + ontology: concepts + relations + axioms to provide intelligent axioms to provide intelligent search and processing of contentsearch and processing of content

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Building LO Repositories

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Referencing Learning Objects

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Integrating and Using LOsIntegrating and Using LOs

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A Multi Actor Workflow A Multi Actor Workflow InterfaceInterface

Essay

Produceessay

Analyze thevidéo

Video

Analysis

Coach

Forum

Profiles

Evaluateessay

Evaluation

Obtain

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ConclusionConclusion

We have entered the knowledge economy We have entered the knowledge economy : knowledge is the main asset.: knowledge is the main asset.

Knowledge management is common Knowledge management is common sense, but it is not yet common practice.sense, but it is not yet common practice.

We need instrumentation We need instrumentation – for Knowledge Engineering : To capture for Knowledge Engineering : To capture

knowledge assetsknowledge assets– For Learning Object Repositories organizing For Learning Object Repositories organizing

knowledge assetsknowledge assets– For Instructional Engineering: to plan ways to For Instructional Engineering: to plan ways to

use knowledge to increase competencyuse knowledge to increase competency– For Knowledge Delivery on the Web For Knowledge Delivery on the Web

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The BenefitsThe Benefits

Knowledge gain for employee and Knowledge gain for employee and organizationorganization

Identify knowledge gaps and risks to Identify knowledge gaps and risks to company development and jobscompany development and jobs

Collective project, enabling more Collective project, enabling more communication between employeescommunication between employees

Retain and value knowledgeable personnelRetain and value knowledgeable personnel Justified and well understood actionsJustified and well understood actions Better product linked to customer’s needsBetter product linked to customer’s needs

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Web- Based Learning

is the Future of Education and Training

Web- Based Learning

is the Future of Education and Training

Gilbert PaquetteGilbert Paquettehttp://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gphttp://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gp

66th EAGE Conference – Paris June 7-10, 2004