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ROBERT CLIVE (1757-1760 & 1765-1766)



In 1744 Clive's father acquired for him a

position as a "factor" or company agent in the

service of the East India Company, and Clive

set sail for India.

in 1756, Siraj-Ud-Daulah had succeeded his

grandfather Alivardi Khan as Nawab of Bengal.

In June Clive received news that the new

Nawab had attacked the English at Kasim-

bazar.

The losses to the Company because of the fall

of Calcutta were estimated by investors at

£2,000,000.

Those British who were captured were placed

in a punishment cell which became infamous as

the Black Hole of Calcutta.

In stifling summer heat, it was alleged that 123

of the 146 prisoners died as a result of

suffocation or heat stroke.

This incidence become famous as the Black

Hole in Britain.

On 23 June 1757 The Battle of Plassey was a

decisive victory of the British East India

Company over the Nawab of Bengal.

The Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah, the last

independent Nawab of Bengal, and the British

East India Company.



Siraj-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Bengal ordered

the English to stop the extension of their

fortification.

Robert Clive bribed Mir Jafar, the commander

in chief of the nawab's army, and also promised

him to make him Nawab of Bengal.

Robert Clive also bribed the larger part of

Nawab's army and asked them to surrender

prematurely.

He defeated the Nawab at Plassey in 1757 and

captured Calcutta.

seven years later in 1764 at the Battle of Buxar,

where Sir Hector Munro defeated the

combined forces of the Mughal Emperor and

the Nawab of Awadh.

He was known as Babar of British India.

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WARREN HASTINGS (1772-1785)



He abolished dual systems and also shifted

treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta.

He abolished the judicial powers of Zamindars.

He also established civil and criminal courts in

each district of India.

The first educational institute Madrasa for

promotion of Islamic studies established in

1781 in Bengal.

He tendered his resignation in protest against

the Pits India Act in 1785.

He was also accused for the Nand Kumar's

murder; Rohilla bar; the case of the Chet Singh

and accepting of bribes.

His impeachment lasted for seven years from

1788 to 1795 and finally he was exonerated for

all the charges.



LORD CORNWALLIS (1786-1793)



To abolish the Zamindari system, he started

Permanent settlement of land in Bengal in

1793. He was also called the Father of the Civil

Services in India.

He created difference in judicial revenue

courts and criminal courts.

He established the Thanas as a police reforms.

During his period number of revenue districts

was reduced from 35 to 23 in the Presidency of

Bengal.

The collector was the head of the district.

In 1787 district courts were presided over by

the collector.

The collectors were vested with magisterial

powers and Empowered to administer criminal

justice.

The establishment of Board of Trade at

Calcutta.

The company had procured goods through

European and Indian contractors. These

contractors often supplied goods at high prices

and of low quality.

Cornwallis stopped the practice of procuring

supplies through contracts and started the

practice of procuring supplies through

Commercial Residents and agents.



SIR JOHN SHORE (1793-1798)



He was appointed the Governor General of

India in 1793. The Court of Directors were impressed by

Shore's reasoning and knowledge and his genuine concern for the interests of the company and the people, .

Most of the reforms in the revenue administration in 1786 and 1790 were introduced by Shore.

He learnt Persian and Bangla while working in the Secret Political Department. He married an Indian woman because of his love for the oriental culture.

Governor General, John Shore avoided war and hostilities.

His policy was to strengthen and govern the colonial state properly.

He was known for his utter honesty, lacking in most other company officials.



LORD WELLESLEY (1798-1805)



He has introduced Subsidiary Alliance system.

He opened college to train the Company's

servants in Calcutta.

The invasion of Mysore in February 1799. Captured Seringapatam on 4 May 1799 and killed

Tipu Sultan. The result of these wars and of the treaties which

followed them was that French influence in India was extinguished.

Forty million people and ten millions of revenue were added to the British dominions.

The powers of the Maratha and all other princes were so reduced that Britain became the true dominant authority over all India.

He was an excellent administrator. He was known as Akbar of British India. He founded Fort William Colleges, a training

centre intended for those who would be involved in governing India.



Give the answer of given question;

1-Who is known as Babar of British India?

Answer: A) Robert Clive

B) Cornwallis

C) Cornwallis

D) C. Rajagopalachari

2- Which Governor General started Permanent

Settlement tax in Bengal?

Answer:

A) Cornwallis

B) C. Rajagopalachari

C) Robert Clive

D) Warren Hastings



3- Who is known as Father of Indian Civil Service?

Answer:

A) Cornwallis

B) Lord Chelmsford

C) Lord Reading

D) Lord Irwin

4- Who is known as Akbar of British India?

Answer:

A) Wellesley

B) Warren Hastings

C) Lord Cornwallis

D) William Bentinck

5- After winning the Battle of Plassey which was

captured by the British Company?

Answer:

A) Bengal

B) Bihar

C) Orissa

D) All of these



ANSWER OF THE GIVEN QUESTION

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. A

5. D

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