Considered to be people over 65 years From a diverse range of experiences Have a diverse range of...
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Transcript of Considered to be people over 65 years From a diverse range of experiences Have a diverse range of...
Considered to be people over 65 years
From a diverse range of experiences
Have a diverse range of values
Have a diverse range of needs, goals and personal preferences
Increasing age is related to long-term health conditions, higher rates of disability and poorer reported health status.
Population ageing, and the health of older people, is likely to impact on the overall health status of the Australian community.(ABS:2006)
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2004 2051 2101
65-74years75-84years85 andover
Females born in 2002-04 are expected to live to 83.0 years and males to 78.1 years
Between 2004 and 2101 the proportion of males in the 85 years or more age group is projected to increase, from 32% of all people aged 85 years or more in 2004 to between 44%-47% in 2101.
This is due to the expected narrowing of the gap between male and female life expectancy (ABS 2005),(OECD 2005).
The differences in marital status for older males and females impact on living arrangements and other forms of support.
Over time older people experience loss, not only of a partner, but often incremental loss of independence through disability and other factors associated with ageing.
The longer life span of females is reflected in the marital status data for older people.
Across the older age groups, the proportion of both males and females in the widowed category increases with age, with more females widowed than males in each age group (ABS 2006a).
Self-assessed health status is considered to be a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality (Gerdtham et el 1999: McCallum et al 1994)
Long-term health conditions are more common with increasing age.
In 2005 nearly 100% of people aged 65 years or more reported at least one long-term health condition.
the eye (90%),
musculoskeletal conditions (66%)◦ osteoarthritis (28%)
circulatory system (57%),
respiratory conditions (15%).
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% of older people >65
vision
mobility
circulation
arthritis
respiratory
The leading causes of death- 65 years +◦ diseases of the circulatory system◦ malignant neoplasms (particularly lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers).
Accidental falls significant issue with ageing
◦ with 4% of those aged 75 years and over having reported an injury event from low falls in the four weeks prior to interview.
eye/sight problems (89%),
heart and circulatory problems/diseases (61%),
arthritis (49%) and
diabetes/high sugar levels (36%).
Weight• 33% overweight 15% obese• proportion overweight or obese decreases with age• 28% - 85 years+ • 10% - 85 years+ underweight
Exercise◦ 65-74 years- 36% reported being sedentary in the two weeks prior to interview.
◦ 75-84 years -53% ◦ 85 years or older -68%
Smoking ◦ 8% of older persons -males 10% and 6%females ◦ 65-74 years -10%◦ 75-84 years -4%◦ 85 years and over- 5%
65-74 years ◦ 38% visited the doctor in the two weeks prior to interview
◦ 23% were hospitalised within the previous 12 months.
75-84 years ◦ 47% - doctor
◦ 29% - hospitalised
85 years ◦ 50% - doctor
◦ 25% - hospitalised
Impacts on the individual
Impacts of families
Impacts on social systems
Dynamics of placement/accepting care
Personal responses to asking for help
Loss of: ; home independence control over life decisions space lifestyle
Intrusion of others Claustrophobia! Alienation from family systems
lack of:◦ space ◦ privacy◦ personal time and space
another dependant person
lessening social contact
increasing workload
decreasing dignity of the older person
tiredness
possible strain on other relationship within family
impact on other family members
possible reduction in financial status
possible reduction in social contacts
dependence on government services for assistance
dependence on medical systems
Agreement/ *disagreement Guilt Anguish social attitudes Ignorance financial considerations appropriate care appropriate location
Element 3:
Philosophy of Service Delivery
Mission Statement and a Values system.
Resident focussed care to some degree.
Care delivered in line with Mission Statement and the level of funding received.
Philosophy focuses on residents as the primary concern
Planning for successful ageing outcomes:
◦ Health
◦ Security
◦ Independence
◦ Social connections
◦ Promoting positive community attitudes
Person Centered Care
Palliative Care Approach
Activity Theory
Validation Therapy
Disengagement theory
Social Construction Theory
advocates ◦ to meet the physical needs of a person with dementia (or
without dementia)◦ attend to the structural aspects of the care environment◦ part of a wider approach to caring for and caring about the
whole person (Bradford, 1997, cited in Wylie, Madjar, Walton 2002).
focuses on Dementia mapping ◦ looking for signs of well being and signs of ill being.
Uniqueness of each person
Respect for the past
See the whole person
Focus on the positive – on abilities
Stay in communication/connection
Nourish attachment
Create a sense of community
Maximise freedom – minimise controls
Don’t just give, receive as well
Maintain an environment of trust
Helps reduce the suffering
Encompasses an open attitude towards living in the shadow of death and dying.
Improves the quality of life for individuals ,families ◦ through the prevention and relief of suffering through early
identification, assessment, treatment of pain and other problems, physical psychological and spiritual.
Affirms life and regards death as a normal process
Relief from pain and other distressing symptoms
Intends neither to hasten nor postpone death
Integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of care
Offers a support system to help people live as actively as possible until death
Offers a support system that helps families to cope during the persons illness and their own bereavement,
Uses a team approach to address the needs of the person and their family
Enhance quality of life and positively influence the course of the illness
Is applicable in the early course of the disease as well as in advanced stages
Activity Theory◦ explains that older people who continue to seek activity in their older page
are more motivated and able to function fully in their older life.
Validation Theory ◦ relates to the recognition and “validation “ of each individual as a person of
worth , with a history of life experiences and belief, philosophies and networks.
Disengagement Theory ◦ relates the powerlessness and social isolation felt by older people as they
leave active employment. The theory is based largely on the effects of capitalism and its influence of our role and status within society. As we get old, younger people in society expect us to fade away or not be functional in retirement. Therefore older people feel powerless and often worthless because of society’s views.
Social Construction Theory◦ relates to influence that ageism has on the status of older people and how
the younger people in society view older people. This influences the way older individuals value themselves, perceive their worth and develop motivation and positive ageing
Element 4:Attitudes and Values
Attitude◦ A belief about something◦ We learn attitudes from family, friends, work
mates, media◦ Attitudes can influence how we act and
interpret
When we feel strongly about something these attitudes are called our values
Carers need to taken into consideration personal values and attitudes when planning and implementing any work activities.
The clients are paying for the service that carers provide therefore ◦ our standard of care should be of the highest quality◦ our attitudes to older people should be accepting and respectful.◦ our work practice should reflect an understanding of the individuality of
ageing. Eg: making sure preference of client are paramount in our care.
Work practices that minimise stereotypical attitudes and myths about older people are essential.
Stereotyping and discriminating against older people simply because they are old
◦ ‘your too old for that
◦ ‘You cant teach an old dog new tricks
◦ ‘You’re a silly old duffer;
◦ He’s loosing his marbles
◦ ‘She’s a dear old thing
◦ She looks great for her age
Losing control over one’s life and accepting the control
of the institution, rather than making decisions for oneself.
Caused by:◦ inflexible systems, ◦ control of social life, ◦ control of medical care, ◦ legal controls. ◦ difficult to resume normal life after leaving.
Those with the highest needs are likely to feel the most effects of institutionalisation.
Education, employment and income
Family and community support
Access to services
Positive attitudes
Good nutrition, exercise
Prevention of disease through lifestyle
Management of impairment
Physiological Ageing is the ageing that all people experience.
Pathological Ageing is the ageing experienced when you
have a specific disease or condition that ages your body
more rapidly.
bone density blood vessels brain including shrinkage muscles and joints and bone gut motility
Skin Wrinkles,
Hormones and enzyme production Sexual function Graying, dry hair
Diabetes
CVA
Arthritis
Heart disease
Chronic airways limitations
Cancer
Depression
Reduce Smoking
Reduce alcohol Intake
Follow a heath diet with all 5 foods groups in proportion
Drink 2 litres of fluid daily
Exercise regularly
Develop positive lifestyle goals
Activities of daily living (ADL)◦ Activities we normally do on a day to day basis
such as washing, eating
Recreational Activities◦ Activities we do for pleasure such as listening to
music, playing cards
To maintain activities you will need to know:◦ Client’s history
Keep active
Maintain skills
Develop sense of accomplishment
Makes us feel worthwhile and feel good
Enhances emotional well-being
Increase physical health
Develop social relationships
Consider–
◦ likes/dislikes,
◦ past history,
◦ suitable environment,
◦ capabilities,
◦ disabilities,
◦ equipment required,
◦ safety aspects,
◦ planning or liaising with others