Aim: Why are organic compounds important to us?

Do NOW: In complete sentences explain how you would use an atom to build a larger molecule.

Homework: Project # 1 Internet activity

http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm

Activity Read the life substances handout as you

read underline the main idea of each paragraph.

Wednesday 11/13/13 AIM: Why is carbon an important element

in your body? Do NOW: Review your notes on basic

chemistry. POP QUIZ HOMEWORK: Life substances handout

Carbon What is the atomic

number? What is the atomic

mass? #p #n #e-

What is an element?

What are the six most important elements to

living organisms?

CHNOPS

Carbon atom Able to form 4

covalent bonds due to 4 electrons in outer shell

Combine to form large organic compounds

Carbon fun facts Carbon is found in many different

compounds. It is in the food you eat, the clothes you

wear, the cosmetics you use and the gasoline that fuels your car.

Carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe.

How are organic and inorganic compounds different?

Organic compounds must Contain C and H

CH3

C6H12O6

Inorganic compounds Do not contain both

NaCL CO2

H2O

How is a covalent bond different from an

ionic bond?

Atomic bonding Electron interactions

form bonds Covalent bonds:

electrons are shared between atoms

2 Hydrogen atoms share there electrons to form a bond

Ionic bonding The loss or gain of an electron to form a

bond

How does Carbon combine with other elements?

Carbon can share 4 electrons with 4 different atoms

Forms 4 covalent bonds

What are the four categories of organic compounds or biomolecules formed by carbon?

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Assessment In your own words, explain why carbon is

an important element in your body.

Thursday 11/14/13 AIM: How do our bodies use

biomolecules? Do Now: Explain why carbon is the most

important element to living things HW: text read pages 56-57. answer

questions 2 and 3 pg 57.

List at least 2 food sources that contain protein, 2 food sources that contain carbohydrate, 2 food sources that contain lipid.

Carbohydrate Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen Store and release

energy Starch and sugars Glycogen and

cellulose

Lipids Carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen Fats, oils, waxes,

steroids Energy storage,

protection, insulation and chemical messengers ( steroids)

Protein Carbon, Hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

Structure for tissues and organs

Metabolism Transport Catalysts Chemical Messengers

How are enzymes related to proteins? Enzymes are protein

catalysts Speed up chemical

reactions

Nucleic Acid Carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous, sulfur

Store cellular information

DNA and RNA

Assessment Using the information you have received

complete the table below

Carbon compound Function

Aim: Why are biomolecules polymers? Do Now: Take out your homework look it

over. If you were a construction worker, how

would you build a brick house? Homework: Textbook read pgs 60-62

answer questions 2,3,4 pg 63

Quiz Thursday

Answer All biomolecules are organic compounds

That means they are made up of Carbon and hydrogen

All biomolecules are very big molecules made from smaller subunits

Biomolecules are polymers Poly- many Mer- unit multiple units of smaller, repeating units Build Large compounds

Biomolecules or Macromolecules Four of the classes of life’s organic

molecules are polymers Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

A polymer Is a long molecule consisting of many similar

building blocks called monomers

Biomolecules are polymersPolymer Monomer subunit

Carbohydrate Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Protein Amino acid

Lipid Glycerol and fatty acids

Nucleic acid Nucleotides

Biomolecule AKA Organic compound AKA Polymer AKA Macromolecule

Anytime we use any one of these terms we are referring to proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids

The Synthesis of Polymers Monomers form large molecules by

dehydration synthesis

(a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer

HO H1 2 3 HO

HO H1 2 3 4

H

H2O

Short polymer Unlinked monomer

Longer polymer

Dehydration removes a watermolecule, forming a new bond

Figure 5.2A

Biomolecules form through dehydration synthesis

Monomers join together through a process known as Dehydration synthesis

Loss of water to build a bond

Why would you want to break down

a polymer?

To extract the monomer subunit

The Breakdown of polymers Polymers can disassemble by

Hydrolysis

(b) Hydrolysis of a polymer

HO 1 2 3 H

HO H1 2 3 4

H2O

HHO

Hydrolysis adds a watermolecule, breaking a bond

Figure 5.2B

Assessment In your own words explain the difference

between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Dehydration synthesis builds large biomolecules by removing water to build a bond

Hydrolysis takes away a water molecule to break a bond

Assessment Draw and explain the process below

How are polymers and biomolecules

related?

large compounds built from smaller repeating subunits

How does dehydration synthesis build large biomolecules?

Monday 11/18/13 AIM: Why are polysaccharides ideal for

energy storage? DO NOW: What type of foods contain

carbohydrates? Why do you need to eat carbohydrates?

HW:Text read pages 59-60 Answer the reading check on pages 59 and 60

Carbohydrates Sugars and starches, glycogen and

cellulose Also called monosaccharides and

polysaccharides They are very big biomolecules Made up of C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio

What is a monosaccharide? Carbohydrate Simple sugar Building blocks of

large carbohydrates Broken down for

energy in the process of cellular respiration

Glucose is the most important monosaccharide to your llife

Triose sugars(C3H6O3)

Pentose sugars(C5H10O5)

Hexose sugars(C6H12O6)

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

HO C H

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

HO C H

HO C H

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

C OC O

H C OH

H C OH

H C OH

HO C H

H C OH

C O

H

H

H

H H H

H

H H H H

H

H H

C C C COOOO

Ald

os

es

Glyceraldehyde

RiboseGlucose Galactose

Dihydroxyacetone

Ribulose

Ke

tos

es

FructoseFigure 5.3

Where does glucose come from?

photosynthesis

What are some examples of monosaccharides? Glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose,

deoxyribose C6H12O6

Deoxyribose and ribose

How do monosaccharides build large polysaccharides?

Dehydration synthesis Loss of water between two molecules to

build a bond It is the process that builds polymers from

smaller subunits

Polysaccharides made from glucose Monosaccharides or simple sugars

combine through the process of dehydration synthesis to build large polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and glycogen.

Polysaccharides made only from glucose monomers Starch: long term energy stored in plants Glycogen: long term energy storage in

animals. Liver and muscle cells Cellulose: structural material in plants.

Builds the cell wall can not be easily digested by animals.acts as roughage to pass undigested food

through the body

Chitin

(a) The structure of the chitin monomer.

O

CH2OH

OHH

H OH

H

NH

CCH3

O

H

H

(b) Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods. This cicada is molting, shedding its old exoskeleton and emergingin adult form.

(c) Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical

thread that decomposes after the wound or incision heals.

OH

Figure 5.10 A–C

Assessment Use the three molecules below to build a

polysacharide

Question In your own words explain how

monosaccharides are related to polysaccharides

AIM: Why do we need to eat fats? DO NOW: List 5 foods that contain fat. HW Project due tomorrow. ALL OF IT!!!!

Tuesday 11/19/13 AIM: How does dehydration synthesis

build high energy lipid molecules? DO NOW: In complete sentences explain

how monosaccharides build starches and glycogen

Homework:Text read page 61. Answer question 3 on pg 63

Last nights HW page 59 and 60 Reading check questions

How is starch different from

glycogen?

Why do we need to incorporate fats and

oils into our daily diet?

Functions of lipids Long term energy storage Insulation Protection Hormones: steroids: chemicalmessengers

Does oil and water mix?

Why or why not?

Does oil and water mix?

NO!

Lipids All lipids must have both a hydrophobic

and hydrophillic part to them

Dehydration synthesis forms lipids

LIPIDS: Oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids

Hydrophobic: Made of long hydrocarbon chains or tails. Makes lipid insoluble in water it does not dissolve in water

Hydrophillic:portion allows for parts of lipid to be dissolved in water.

Dehydration synthesis forms lipids Fat, oil and wax 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated fat: all carbons are saturated Unsaturated fat: not all carbons are bound

Fats oils and waxes Characteristics of fats are determined by

hydrocarbon tail Unsaturated: such as peanut oil are

liquid at room temperature Saturated: animal fats are solid at room

temperature

FATS

Phospholipids: build cell membranes

•1 glycerol, 1 phosphate group, 2 fatty acids

Phospholipids vs triglycerides(fat and oil) By removing one of the fatty acids in a

triglyceride and replacing it with a phosphate group makes the phospholipid hydrophillic (water loving)

The other 2 fatty acid tails make the phospholipid hydrophobic

The cell membrane

Steroids: lipid hormones Chemical messengers Cholesterol: found in membranes. Also

makes other steroids Estradiol and testosterone: sex hormones

which regulate salt and bile levels and also assist in fat digestion

Waxes Protection Ex: Ear wax

Wax on the outer leaf of a plant

List and explain the function of the four types of lipids discussed.