Млади питају — практични одговори на њихова питања, 1....

˛`1W\a˜ d –\,\UdI�*V\ Y\31j a˜1cS,1j˜SZ1 V\U1 c1 ˜S +S˜S–\˜`1+Z1 V*™ \™`*a˜1jH� ˜\Y1 ˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS\,* V[S—*E �W*™S –S˜*UdP –`*V˜ShZS \™—\,\`SZ* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*E 5D ˜\YD�Z* a1 ˜1Y1XS Z*–`*V˜ShZSY a*,1˜SY*V\US a1 Z*W*41 d �\3U\U�1hSE �S+WSUSD �\3U* �1hU1 –\Y\—W* YSWS\ZSY*™* a1 da–1jZ\ S4+\`1a* 3S,\˜ZSY S4*4\,SY*D� ˜\Y1 Y\31 –\Y\cSS ˜1+SI

�W*™S –S˜*Ud�`*V˜ShZS \™—\,\`SZ* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*

5D ��

YW*™

S–S˜*

Ud1

yp1

-SB

1Y1 d \,\U V[S4S

�˙�� ˙��

˙� � �˛��˚� �˚�˚H

"�� ˙��

�˚��E ��

��˙˚��"��˚

� ��˙�� ˚�˚

� �˝��

˙�˙�� ˛� �˙��˚�˚

t�–\a\+Z\a˜ –`\ad0S,*[* –*4Sc1 Z* ˜1+1E`*4+\`S˜\a˜ c1 ˜1 hd,*˜Sr

L�\aW\,Sg1 6B55M

˙`*—S Z*jS YW*™SE�*j Z1+1aVS �˜*gE �1f\,* �\—E ,1\Y*

,*a ,\WSD �Z 31WS ™* +d™1˜1 a`1cZSD �WSY\3™* a1 –S˜*j V\WSV\ U1 ™*Z*a 4*Sa˜*Y\—dc1 +S˜S a`1c*ZD �\ U1 ™\+`\ –S˜*[1D�\a˜*W\YE d 3S,\˜d Z*a aZ*W*41 `*4ZS–`\+W1YSD 4—W1™* ™* a,*VS ™*Z Z\aS Z1V1Z\,1 S4*4\,1 V\US Z*a Y\—d WSjS˜S `*™\a˜SD�WS d ˜\Y1 ZSaY\ a*YSD �1f\,* �\— Z*Y Y\31–\Y\cSD 1—\,* �1h Z*Y –`d3* ,\0a˜,\ V\U1Z*Y U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™* a1 Z1 +SaY\ S4—d+SWS Z*a,\Y 3S,\˜Z\Y –d˜dD *V\ U1 Z*–Sa*Z*,1\Y* ™*,Z\E [1ZS a*,1˜S ad –\™U1™Z*V\–`*V˜ShZS V*\ S V*™* U1 +SW* Z*–Sa*Z*L�a*W*Y 55=B=<E ==C 6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5:E 5;MD

�,* V[S—* U1 –`S–`1YX1Z* 4* ,*a U1`,*a ,\WSY\D ˝1WSY\ ™* +d™1˜1 a`1cZS S ™*SY*˜1 da–1j*Z 3S,\˜D ˛*˜\ ,*a f`*+`SY\Z1 a*Y\ ™* U1 \™ V\`Sg* ™\ V\`Sg* –`\hS˜*˜1,1c ™* U1 d4Y1˜1 d `dV1 a,*VS –d˜ V*™ SaV`aZ1Z1VS –`\+W1YD �1™*Z \™ gSX1,* \,1 V[S—1U1a˜1 –\+\Xj*[1 V\YdZSV*gSU1 S4Y10d ,*aS ,*jSf `\™S˜1X*D *™*Y\ a1 ™* c1˜1 Z1V1™1W\,1 4*U1™Z\ hS˜*˜S SWS h*V –`\dh*,*˜SD�aW\ZS˜1 a1 Z* Yd™`\a˜ S SaVda˜,\ a,\USf`\™S˜1X*I

� Z*U+\XSY 31X*Y*E

�\™1c1 ˜1W\�1f\,SZSf a,1™\V*

d4\`S ,`1™ZS\–\Z*j*[*

*V\, 48

\, 97

�\UaSU1 149

�d˜* 215

SY\˜1U 287

˝1WSj WS ™*S4Z1a1j a,\U*4*–*3*[* \ ˜\Y1V*V\ ˜S U1 –\Y\O—W* \,* V[S—*H�W\+\™Z\ –SjSS4™*,*hSY* Z* \™O—\,*`*Udcd *™`1adD

˙`*—S Z*jS YW*™SE�*j Z1+1aVS �˜*gE �1f\,* �\—E ,1\Y*

,*a ,\WSD �Z 31WS ™* +d™1˜1 a`1cZSD �WSY\3™* a1 –S˜*j V\WSV\ U1 ™*Z*a 4*Sa˜*Y\—dc1 +S˜S a`1c*ZD �\ U1 ™\+`\ –S˜*[1D�\a˜*W\YE d 3S,\˜d Z*a aZ*W*41 `*4ZS–`\+W1YSD 4—W1™* ™* a,*VS ™*Z Z\aS Z1V1Z\,1 S4*4\,1 V\US Z*a Y\—d WSjS˜S `*™\a˜SD�WS d ˜\Y1 ZSaY\ a*YSD �1f\,* �\— Z*Y Y\31–\Y\cSD 1—\,* �1h Z*Y –`d3* ,\0a˜,\ V\U1Z*Y U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™* a1 Z1 +SaY\ S4—d+SWS Z*a,\Y 3S,\˜Z\Y –d˜dD *V\ U1 Z*–Sa*Z*,1\Y* ™*,Z\E [1ZS a*,1˜S ad –\™U1™Z*V\–`*V˜ShZS V*\ S V*™* U1 +SW* Z*–Sa*Z*L�a*W*Y 55=B=<E ==C 6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5:E 5;MD

�,* V[S—* U1 –`S–`1YX1Z* 4* ,*a U1`,*a ,\WSY\D ˝1WSY\ ™* +d™1˜1 a`1cZS S ™*SY*˜1 da–1j*Z 3S,\˜D ˛*˜\ ,*a f`*+`SY\Z1 a*Y\ ™* U1 \™ V\`Sg* ™\ V\`Sg* –`\hS˜*˜1,1c ™* U1 d4Y1˜1 d `dV1 a,*VS –d˜ V*™ SaV`aZ1Z1VS –`\+W1YD �1™*Z \™ gSX1,* \,1 V[S—1U1a˜1 –\+\Xj*[1 V\YdZSV*gSU1 S4Y10d ,*aS ,*jSf `\™S˜1X*D *™*Y\ a1 ™* c1˜1 Z1V1™1W\,1 4*U1™Z\ hS˜*˜S SWS h*V –`\dh*,*˜SD�aW\ZS˜1 a1 Z* Yd™`\a˜ S SaVda˜,\ a,\USf`\™S˜1X*I

� Z*U+\XSY 31X*Y*E

�\™1c1 ˜1W\�1f\,SZSf a,1™\V*

d4\`S ,`1™ZS\–\Z*j*[*

*V\, 48

\, 97

�\UaSU1 149

�d˜* 215

SY\˜1U 287

˝1WSj WS ™*S4Z1a1j a,\U*4*–*3*[* \ ˜\Y1V*V\ ˜S U1 –\Y\O—W* \,* V[S—*H�W\+\™Z\ –SjSS4™*,*hSY* Z* \™O—\,*`*Udcd *™`1adD

www.jw.org/contact

SY1 S –`14SY1

� 1989, 2011WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIAQuestions Young People Ask—Answers That Work, Volume 1�,* –`*,* 4*™`3*Z*

� 1992, 2011Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V.Selters/Taunus�W*™S –S˜*Ud P –`*V˜ShZS \™—\,\`S Z* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*E 5D ˜\YAlle Rechte vorbehalten�`1,1WS S S4™*WS�1f\,SZS a,1™\gS P f`Sjc*ZaV* ,1`aV* 4*U1™ZSg*E �1\—`*™E �`+SU*CIP P�*˜*W\—S4*gSU* d –d+WSV*gSUSE �*`\™Z* +S+WS\˜1V* �`+SU1�1\—`*™B ISBN 978-86-84659-53-0�`,\ S4™*[1 Z* a`–aV\YB 5> >>> –`SY1`*V*

"˜*Y–*Z\ 6>56D

,* –d+WSV*gSU* a1 Z1 –`\™*U1D Z* a1 S4™*U1 d \V,S`d a,1˜aV\— +S+WSUaV\—\+`*4\,Z\— ™1W* V\U1 a1 –\™d–S`1 ™\+`\,\XZSY –`SW\4SY*D

V\WSV\ ZSU1 ™`d—*hSU1 Z*4Z*h1Z\E +S+WSUaVS a˜Sf\,S ad d41˜S S4 a*,`1Y1Z\— –`1,\™*�\,S a,1˜D

�Y1Z* Z1VSf YW*™Sf d \,\U V[S4S ad S4Y1[1Z*E * Z1V1 `*ZSU1 \+U*,X1Z1 S4U*,1 YW*™Sfad –\Z\,\ –`1,1™1Z1D

�4,\`S e\˜\—`*eSU*B a˜`*Z* 685B � Gusto Productions/Photo Researchers, Inc.C a˜`*Z* 688B`*V da˜*B � Mediscan/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.C 4*h1–X1[1 *`˜1`SU1B � Index Stock/PhotolibraryC`*V –Wdc*B � Arthur Glauberman/Photo Researchers, Inc.C a˜`*Z* 689B Y*—Z1˜Z* `14\Z*Zg* Y\4—*B� Mediscan/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.C `*V +d+`1—*B � Dr. E. Walker/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Questions Young People Ask—Answers That Work, Volume 1 Serbian Lyp5OSBMMade in Germany Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm-Gesellschaft, Selters/Taunus

�W*™S –S˜*Ud�`*V˜ShZS \™—\,\`SZ* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*

5D ��

G�*V\ ™* `*4—\,*`*Y a `\™S˜1XSY*HFE G�*V\ ™*a˜1VZ1Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1HFE G"˜* SY* W\j1 d Z1\+*O,14Z\Y a1VadHFE G˛*j˜\ a*Y ˜\WSV\ Z1`*a–\W\31ZHF�V\ aS –\a˜*,X*\ a1+S \,*V,* –S˜*[*E ZSaS U1™SO

ZSD ˛*,SaZ\ \™ ˜\—* —™1 ˜`*3Sj \™—\,\`1E Y\31jZ*ScS Z* ad–`\˜Z* YSjX1[*D ˙* +S a1 –\Y\—W\ YW*O™SY* ™* Z*0d \™—\,\`1 V\US SY*Ud h,`a˜ ˜1Y1XE \™5=<7D d h*a\–Sad �`\+d™S˜1 a1I –\h1W* U1 ™* S4W*4Sa1`SU* Z* �S+WSUS ˜1Y1X1ZSf hW*Z*V* –\™ Z*4S,\Yt�W*™S –S˜*UdDDDr ˙1g1ZSU*Y* V*aZSU1E d ˜\U a1`SUS S™*X1 d3S,*Ud YW*™S jS`\Y a,1˜* S d [\U Z*W*41 V\O`SaZ1 SZe\`Y*gSU1D �,*VS hW*Z*V U1 `14dW˜*˜\+SYZ\— Sa˜`*3S,*[*D �a˜,*`SE ™* +S ,S™1WS V*V\YW*™S `*4YSjX*Ud S V*V\ a1 \a1c*UdE –SagS h*a\–SOa* �`\+d™S˜1 a1I Y\`*Ud `*4—\,*`*˜S a* a˜\˜SZ*Y*YW*™Sf jS`\Y a,1˜*I �10d˜SYE Z*U,*3ZSU* \™WSV*a1`SU1 t�W*™S –S˜*Udr U1a˜1 ˜\ j˜\ a1 a*,1˜S V\US a1d [\U S4Z\a1 ˜1Y1X1 Z* �\3U\U 1hSE �S+WSUSD�`,\ S4™*[1 \,1 V[S—1 Z* Z*j1Y U14SVd S4*jW\ U1

5==6D �10d˜SYE –\—W*,X* ad d –\˜–dZ\a˜S `1,S™S`*OZ* V*V\ +S +SW* d aVW*™d a ™*Z*j[SY –`\+W1YSY*YW*™SfD Sj1 \™ 7> –\—W*,X* \,\— ˜\Y* +*,S a1 ˜1OY*Y* V\U1 ad S4W*4SW1 d a1`SUS hW*Z*V* t�W*™S–S˜*Udr d –1`S\™d \™ 6>>8D ™\ 6>55D�,*U ˜\Y V[S—1 �W*™S –S˜*Ud P –`*V˜ShZS \™—\O

,\`S Z* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*E –`d3Sc1 ˜S \Z\ j˜\ ˜S U1–\˜`1+Z\ ™* +S S4`*a˜*\ d \™—\,\`Zd \™`*aWd \a\+dD�*™*Y\ a1 ™* c1j a1 ™\V –`SY1[dU1j a*,1˜1 S4Z1˜1d [\UE –`S™`d3S˜S YSWS\ZSY*E V*V\ YW*™Sf ˜*V\ S\ZSf a˜*`SUSfE V\USY* U1 tY\c 4*–*3*[* SaVda˜,\Yd,13+*Z* 4* `*4WSV\,*[1 ™\+`* \™ 4W*r L 1,`1USY*9B58MD

�4™*,*hS

��˚˙��

�`*V˜ShZS \™—\,\`S

2 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

\,* V[S—* a*™`3SDDD

=VXdhZ1 a˜Sf\,1 V\USSa˜Shd —W*,Z1 YSaWS

� �˚� ��

?˙ � ˛��DDD

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

"� � �˚��H

S U\jDDDY\U ™Z1,ZSV

�˛�� ˚˙� ��"�

–`*V˜ShZ1 –`1™W\—1V\US c1 ˜S –\Y\cS ™*a*,W*™*j –`1–`1V1 hS[1ZSg1 V\U1 c1

–\™a˜*cS ˜,\U1`*4YSjX*[1

ı –`\a˜\` Z* V\Y ˜`1+* ™*S4Z1a1j V*V\ –W*ZS`*j ™*–`SY1ZSj \Z\ j˜\ aS –`\hS˜*\

˘ –S˜*[* V\U* c1 ˜S –\Y\cS™* ™d+\V\ `*4YSaWSj \ \Z\Yj˜\ aS –`\hS˜*\

a,*VS ™1\ \,1V[S—1 4*,`j*,* a1a˜`*ZSg\Y ™Z1,ZSV*Z* V\Ud Y\31j+1W13S˜S a,\U*`*4YSjX*[* S4*+`*Z1 +S+WSUaV1

WShZ\a˜S V\U1 Y\—d–\aWd3S˜S V*\ d4\`S d–\Z*j*[d

a*™`3*U�˙�� ˙ �

˙ � ��˛��˚� ˚�˚H

"�� ˙�

1 1 �*V\ ™* Z*01Y 4*U1™ZShVS U14SV a `\™S˜1XSY*H 7

2 ˛*j˜\ a1 a˜*WZ\ a,*0*Y\H 14

3 �*V\ ™* ™\+SU1Y ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H 21

4 ˛*j˜\ ad a1Y*Y* S ˜*˜* `*4SjWSH 28

5 �*V\ ™* a1 –\YS`SY a Z\,SY +`*V\Ya,\— `\™S˜1X*H 34

6 �*V\ ™* a1 +\X1 aW*31Y a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YH 40

7 ˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 \™a1WSY \™ Vdc1H 49

2 8 �*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H 57

9 �*V\ ™* a1 \™d–`1Y SaVdj1[dH 64

10 ˛*j˜\ ˜`1+* ™* +`SZ1Y \ a,\Y 4™`*,XdH 71

11 "˜*™* \+dh1YH 77

12 �*V\Y\—d SY*˜S ™\,\XZ\ a*Y\–\d4™*[*H 85

13 �*V\ ™* –\+1™SY +\W d ™djSH 91

14 ˛*j˜\ U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 \V\Zh*Y a,1H 98

15 ˙* WS U1 –\—`1jZ\j˜\31WSYY*W\–`S,*˜Z\a˜SH 105

16 �*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY aY`˜ `\™S˜1X*H 111

3 17 �*V\ ™* a*,W*™*Y a˜`*f S a,1™\hSY djV\WSH 121

18 �*V\ ™* W*Vj1 –\™Z1a1Y a˜`1a d jV\WSH 128

19 ˙* WS ™* Z*–da˜SYjV\WdH 134

20 "˜* *V\ SY*Y –`\+W1Y a Z1VSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YH142

21 �*V\ ™* ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dU1Y a,\U1 ,`1Y1H 150

22 "˜*™* `*™SY *V\ a*Y `*a˜`4*Z S4Y10d™,1 VdW˜d`1H 156

˚�E ��

��˙˚�� "�˚

��˙�� ˚�˚

��˝� ��

˙\™*˜*VB�\™S˜1XS –S˜*Ud 289

4 23 �*V\ ™* \+U*aZSYj˜*�S+WSU* V*31\ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SH 165

24 ˙* WS c1 a1Va \U*h*˜S Z*jd ,14dH 172

25 �*V\ ™* –`1VSZ1Y a Z*,SV\YY*a˜d`+S`*[*H 178

26 "˜* `1cS \ Z1\+*,14Z\Y a1VadH 183

27 ˛*j˜\Y1Y\YgS Z1 ,\W1H 188

28 ˛*j˜\Y1 ™1,\UV1 Z1 ,\W1H 195

29 �*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* WS U1 ˜\ –`*,*Xd+*,H 203

30 ˙* WS aY\ 4*Sa˜* a–`1YZS 4* +`*VH 212

31 �*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY `*aVS™H 221

32 �*V\ ™* a1 4*j˜S˜SY \™ a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[*H 228

5 33 �\WSV\ 4Z*Y \ –dj1[dH 237

34 "˜* SY* W\j1 d \–SU*[dH 246

35 �*V\ ™* a1 \aW\+\™SY 4*,SaZ\a˜S \™ ™`\—1H 252

6 36 ˙* WS a*Y 4*,Sa*Z \™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,Sg*H 259

37 ˛*j˜\Y1 `\™S˜1XS Z1 –da˜1 ™* a1 Z1V*™–`\,1™1YH 265

7 38 �*V\ ™* d3S,*Y d aWd31[d�\—dH 273

39 �*V\Y\—d \a˜,*`S˜S a,\U1 gSX1,1H 282

1�˙��˙��

7�\YdZSV*gSU*

14�,*0*

21 Sj1aW\+\™1

28�*4,\™`\™S˜1X*

34�\,S+`*V`\™S˜1X*

40�`*c*Sa1a˜`1

49™W*4*V\™Vdc1

��˙� aS +S\ YW*0SE ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS ad ,1`\,*˜Z\+SWS –`,S \™ V\USf aS ˜`*3S\ a*,1˜D �`Sh*\ aS SYa,*Vd Z\,\a˜E ,1WSVd SWS Y*WdD �W\+\™Z\ aS —\,\`S\\ ˜\Y1 j˜* YSaWSj S \a1c*jE S SY*\ aS –\,1`1[* d[Sf\,1 a*,1˜1D�10d˜SYE a*™* ˜S a1 Y\3™* hSZS ™* ˜1 \ZS ,Sj1 Z1

`*4dY1UdD t 1™Z\Y a*Y a1 ˜\V\Y ,1h1`1 `*a–W*V*W* S

1

�*V\ ™* Z*01Y4*U1™ZShVS U14SVa `\™S˜1XSY*H

t�˜,*`Z\ a*Y a1 ˜`d™SW* ™* \+U*aZSY `\™S˜1OXSY* V*V\ a1 \a1c*YE *WS ZSU1 Sa–*W\ V*\ j˜\a*Y 31W1W* P U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ ad Y1 –`1VSZdWSD �*U`*4—\,\` U1 +S\ –\˜–dZS –`\Y*j*UE * U* a*Y U1™,*aVd–SW* f`*+`\a˜S ™* SY a1 \+`*˜SYIr L�SVSM

�*V\ ™* Z*01Y 4*U1™ZShVS U14SV a `\™S˜1XSY*H 7

–\h1W* ™* –`Sh*Y \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ a1 \a1c*YrE V*31 ™1,\UOV* –\ SY1Zd �S™*D t\™S˜1XS ad Y1 aWdj*WSE *WS V*\™* Y1 ZSad `*4dY1WSDr �*V\ a1 ˜\ 4*,`jSW\H t�˜SjW*a*Y d a,\Ud a\+d S U\j ,Sj1 –W*V*W*Dr� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E –\Z1V*™ a1 `*™SU1 Z1 +S –\,1`*,*\

`\™S˜1XSY*D t*4—\,*`*Y a [SY* \ YZ\—SY a˜,*`SOY*rE V*31 ™1hV\ –\ SY1Zd �`SaD t�WS –\Z1V*™ ,Sj1,\WSY ™* \ZS Z1 4Z*Ud +*j a,1 \ h1Yd `*4YSjX*YDr˙* WS U1 –\—`1jZ\ 4*™`3*˜S Z1V1 YSaWS 4* a1+1H

�1 d,1V P –\™ daW\,\Y ™* ZSaS Z1SaV`1Z L�\aW\,Sg17B76MD �* S–*VE +SW\ ™* ˜S a1 hSZS ™* ˜1 `\™S˜1XS Z1`*4dY1Ud SWS a1 da˜`dh*,*j ™* `*4—\,*`*j a [SY*EU1™Z\ U1 aS—d`Z\ P ˜S ˜`1+* ™* `*4—\,*`*j a `\™S˜1OXSY*E * \ZS ˜`1+* ™* hdUd V*V\ a1 \a1c*jD

�1Y\U a1 –`1™*˜SI�* Z1VS Z*hSZE V\YdZSV*gSU* a `\™S˜1XSY* a1

Y\31 d–\`1™S˜S a ,\3[\Y V\WSY*D �V\ Z*S01j Z*–`1–`1Vd Z* –d˜dE ˜S Z1 \™da˜*U1j ,1c ˜`*3Sj ™`d—S–d˜D �aY\˜`S ™,* –`SY1`*D

˝1WSj ™* `*4—\,*`*jE *WS ˜S a1hSZS ™* ˜1 `\™S˜1XS Z1 aWdj*UdD t�1jV\ YS U1 ™*`*4—\,*`*Y a ˜*˜\YrE V*31 ™1,\UV* –\ SY1Zd �1*D t�\OZ1V*™ Yd Z1j˜\ –`Sh*YE * \Z™* YS \Z V*31B G�4,SZSEZ1j˜\ aS `1VW*HF r��˚B "˜* *V\ U1 �1S 4*Sa˜* ,*3Z\ ™* `*4—\O

,*`* \ a,\Y –`\+W1YdH �Z* SY* +*`1Y ˜`S Y\—dcZ\Oa˜SD

5D ��˚��˚�

�`1–`1V* d V\YdZSV*gSUSZ1 Y\`* –\a˜*˜S c\`a\V*VP d,1V –\a˜\US Z*hSZ ™*–`\Z*01j 4*U1™ZShVS U14SVa `\™S˜1XSY*I

8 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*U™1 ™* ,S™SY\ j˜* +S a1 Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S d a,*V\U \™\,Sf aS˜d*gSU*D�1SZ ˜*˜* U1 ˜\WSV\ 4*\Vd–X1Z a,\USY YSaWSY*

™* Z1 –`SY1cdU1 [1Zd d4Z1YS`1Z\a˜D �V\ �1* S4*+1O`1 Y\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ �E \Z Y\3™* Z1c1 `*4dY1˜S 4*j˜\\Z* \™U1™Z\Y ,Sh1 Z* [1—*D �\`1™ ˜\—* j˜\ —* ˜SY1,1`\,*˜Z\ Z1 +S –\™a˜*VW*™* U1 –*3XS,SU1 aWdj*E ˜*OV\01 Z1 +S –\V*4*W* –\j˜\O,*[1 –`1Y* [1Yd L˚e1j*OZSY* :B6MD �`1Y* ˜\Y1E \,*Y\—dcZ\a˜ U1 Z1 +S ZS—™1 ™\O,1W*D�`1Y™* a1 Z* –`,S –\—W1™

hSZS ™* U1 Y\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ �Z*UW*Vj*E \Z* ZSU1 S Z*UYdO™`SU*D ˛*j˜\H 1` tZ*Y1`1–`\–*™*Ud —™1 Z1Y* –\,1`O


��

�d`Z\ `1*—\,*˜SD 1* +S Y\—W*–\h1˜S ™* ,Sh1B t�*˜*E a*aWdj*U Y1E,*3Z\ YS U1Ir

�`1VSZd˜S `*4—\,\`D 1* +SU1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Y\—W* ™ScS `dV1 S–`1a˜*˜S ™* `*4—\,*`* a `\™S˜1XSY*\ a,\USY –`\+W1YSY*D

*h1V*˜S –`*,S ˜`1Zd˜*V S–\Z\,\ a–\Y1Zd˜S –`\+W1YD�\—W* +S V*aZSU1 `*4—\,*`*˜S a ˜*˜\YSWS Yd –`\+W1Y \+U*aZS˜S d –SaYdD

\Ud +S ˜S Y\—dcZ\a˜ –`1–\`dhS\ 1SHı .....................

�V\ ˜S U1 ˜1jV\ ™*a1™Z1j S `*4—\,*`*ja `\™S˜1XSY* \Z1V\Y –`\+W1YdE–\–`Sh*U a [SY*V*™* \™1˜1 d j1˜[dE,\3[d SWS Vd–\,SZdD

�˚� ��

XS,\— `*4—\,\`*r L�\aW\,Sg1 59B66MD ˙* +S �1* `1jSOW* a,\U1 –`\+W1Y1E ,*3Z\ U1 ™* `*4—\,*`* a ˜*˜\YD � ™*+S U\U Y\—*\ –\Y\cSE \Z Y\`* ™* 4Z* j˜* a1 ™1j*,* d[1Z\Y 3S,\˜dD �\,W*h1[1Y d a1+1 ZSj˜* a1 Z1 –\Oa˜S31D�10d˜SYE dV\WSV\ a1 \–`1™1WS 4* Y\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ E

�1* Z1c1 ™\4,\WS˜S ™* –`1–`1V* Z* –d˜d –\a˜*Z1 c\`Oa\V*VD �Z* c1 –\Vdj*˜S ™* `*4—\,*`* \ a,\Y –`\+W1O

Yd Z1VS ™`d—S –d˜D �V\WSOV\ S4*+1`1 ™* Z*–Sj1 ˜*˜S–SaY\E ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1 U\U \™OY*f +S˜S W*Vj1D �Sa*[1–SaY* U\U ˜*V\01 Y\31 –\OY\cS ™* U*aZSU1 S4`*4S \Z\j˜\ +S Yd `1VW*D ˙\V +d™1hS˜*\ –SaY\E �1SZ ˜*˜* c1af,*˜S˜S j˜* U1 \Z* 31W1OW* ™* V*31E j˜\ c1 Yd –\Y\OcS ™* +\X1 `*4dY1 \Z\ j˜\U1 YdhSD �\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ +S Y\—W* ™* –\Y\—Z1 S �1S S[1Z\Y ˜*˜SD

\U1 U\j Y\—dcZ\a˜S �1* SY*H �\Vdj*U ™* a1 a1O˜Sj Z1VSf S 4*–SjS Sf Sa–\™D ˛*˜SY Z*–SjS ™\h1—* +S ˜\ Y\—W\ ™\,1a˜SD

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�,\US `\™S˜1XS 31W1 ™* `*4—\,*O`*˜1E *WS ˜1+S ZSU1 ™\ ˜\—*D t�1Y* ZSj˜* —\`1 Z1—\V*™* ˜1 Z*V\Z Z*–\`Z\— jV\WaV\— ™*Z* \™Y*f +\Y+*`O™dUd –S˜*[SY*rE V*31 �*`*D t 1™,* h1V*Y ™* 4*+\`*O,SY Z* jV\WdE *WS Y1 ˜*˜* S Y*Y* 4*a–d –S˜*[SY*B

’’ �SU1 d,1V W*V\ `*4—\,*`*˜Sa `\™S˜1XSY*E *WS V*™* ˜\ dhSZSjS –\,1`Sj SY a1E SY*j \a1c*U ™*˜S U1 –*\ \—`\Y*Z ˜1`1˜ a* a`g*‘‘ L˙SU*Z*M

6D ��˚��˚�

10 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*4—\,\` \ \4+SXZSY˜1Y*Y* Y\3™* ZSU1˜13*V a*Y\ ˜1+S ,1c S˜,\USY `\™S˜1XSY*D�\3™* SY U1 Z14—\™Z\S SY*Ud \a1c*UZ1™\`*aW\a˜SD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

G�*V\ ˜S U1 –`\j*\ ™*ZH ˙* WS U1 +SW\ Z1VSf –`\+W1OY*HF r �1Y* adY[1 ™* �*`SZS `\™S˜1XS ˜\ hSZ1 a Z*UO+\X\Y Z*Y1`\YD �10d˜SYE \Z* V*31B t�1jV\ YS U1 ™*–`Sh*Y \ jV\WS V*™* a*Y dY\`Z* S Z*–1˜*Dr��˚B "˜* +S �*`* Y\—W* ™* d`*™SH �*\ j˜\

aY\ ,S™1WS S d –`1˜f\™Z\Y –`SY1`dE \Z* SY* +*`1Y˜`S Y\—dcZ\a˜SD

�*U™1 –\Z\,\ ™* ,S™SY\ j˜* +S a1 Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S da,*V\U \™ \,Sf aS˜d*gSU*D�*`* U1 ,1c Z*–1˜* S Z1`*a–\W\31Z* 4* `*4—\,\`D

�V\WSV\ a1 \™WdhS 4* Y\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ �E S ™*X1 c1 +S˜SZ*–1˜*D �4 ˜\ c1 \a1c*˜S V`S,Sgd j˜\ U1 –W*ZdW* Z*`\™S˜1X1 L�\aW\,Sg1 6=B55MD


��

�™+S˜S `*4—\,\`D �\—W* +S `1cSBt�\WSY ,*aE \a˜*,S˜1 Y1 Z* YS`dD�1 31WSY a*™* ™* –`Sh*Y \ ˜\Y1Ir

–*V –`Sa˜*˜S Z* `*4—\,\`D�*V\ U1 Z*–1˜*E Y\—W* +S –`1V\ ,\X1`*4—\,*`*˜S a `\™S˜1XSY*D

�™W\3S˜S `*4—\,\` \ jV\WSE*WS Z*a˜*,S˜S `*4—\,\` \™`d—\U ˜1YSD �\—W* +S –`1™W\3S˜S™* `*4—\,*`*Ud \ jV\WS d Z1V\ ™`d—\,`1Y1 V*™ +d™1 +\X1 `*a–\W\31Z*D˛*˜SY +S a* SaV`1ZSY 4*ZSY*[1YY\—W* –S˜*˜SB t *V\ U1 ,*Y* –`\j*\™*ZH "˜* a˜1 `*™SWSHr

\Ud +S ˜S Y\—dcZ\a˜ –`1–\`dhS\ �*`SHı ....................

� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E �*`SZ1 `\™S˜1X1 c1 ,1`\,*˜Z\ –\O,`1™S˜S [1Z* +d`Z* `1*VgSU*D �\j˜\ Z1 31WS ™* `*4O—\,*`* a [SY*E Y\—WS +S –\adY[*˜S ™* Z1j˜\ V`SU1\™ [SfD �\3™* +S Z*a˜*,SWS ™* SZaSa˜S`*Ud Z* `*4O—\,\`dE j˜\ +S [d aS—d`Z\ U\j ,Sj1 S4Z1`,S`*W\D �*V`*Ud a1 Z1 +S –\a˜S—W\ ZSj˜* ™\+`\D�\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ � \hS—W1™Z\ U1 +\X* \™ Y\—dcZ\a˜S

–\™ �D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E +*`1Y +S `*4—\,*`*WSD �WSE–\j˜\ +S ˜\ +SW\ daSX1Z\E ZS �*`* ZS [1ZS `\™S˜1OXS Z1 +S –\a˜S—WS \Z\ j˜\ 31W1 P \–dj˜1Z S \˜,\O`1Z `*4—\,\`D�10d˜SYE dV\WSV\ S4*+1`1 Y\—dcZ\a˜ –\™ E �*`*

c1 a1 +\X1 \a1c*˜S U1` U1 `*4—\,\` \ jV\WS \™W\31ZD�1ZS `\™S˜1XS c1 g1ZS˜S j˜\ \Z* 31WS ™* `*4—\,*O`* a [SY*E –* c1 S \ZS +S˜S 4*™\,\XZSD �,* Y\—dcOZ\a˜ c1 Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1 ,\™S˜S ™\ da–1f* U1` \+1 a˜`*OZ1 –`SY1[dUd Z*h1W\ S4�SWS–X*ZSY* 6B8 V\U1 —W*aSBt�1 —W1™*U˜1 a*Y\ Z* a,\Ud V\`Sa˜ Z1—\ S Z* V\`Sa˜™`d—SfDr

�*™ aW1™1cS –d˜ –\31WSY ™* –`1VSZ1Y `*4—\,\`a `\™S˜1XSY*E U* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�V\ `\™S˜1XS Z*,*XdUd ™* –`Sh*Y\ \ Z1h1Yd\ h1Yd YS a1 Z1 –`Sh*E `1cS cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�1 a˜,*`*U `1+da V\™ a,\USf `\™S˜1X*˛*–*Y˜S ™* \Z\ j˜\ V*31j S \Z\ j˜\ ˜,\US `\™SO

˜1XS hdUd ZSU1 d,1V Sa˜\D �* –`SY1`E `\™S˜1XS ˜1 –SO˜*Ud 4*j˜\ aS Z1`*a–\W\31ZD �V\ V*31jB t�1 31WSY\ ˜\Y1 ™* –`Sh*YrE `\™S˜1XS Y\—d hd˜SB t�1 31WSY ™*,*Y a1 –\,1`SYD � ˜\Y1 Y\—d ™* `*4—\,*`*Y a* a,\USY–`SU*˜1XSY*E *WS Z1 S a ,*Y*Dr �`*™S aW1™1cd ,13+d˜*V\ j˜\ c1j ™\–Sa*˜S \™—\,\`1D ˛*YSaWS ™* SY*jU1™*Z ,1WSVS –`\+W1Y S `\™S˜1XS ˜S Zd™1 –\Y\cD�V\ V*31jB t�Sj˜* Z1 +`SZS˜1D �*YL*M cd ˜\ `1jSO

˜SDr�,\US `\™S˜1XS Y\3™* hdUdBı ..................................

�\3™* +S +\X1 4,dh*W\ ™* V*31jB ..........................

..................................................................................................

"˜* Z* V`*Ud Y\31Y\ 4*VXdhS˜SH �*3XS,\ e\`YdOWSjS YSaWSD �4Z\aS Sf a –\j˜\,*[1Y L�\W\j*ZSY*8B:MD �W1™*U a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 V*\ –`SU*˜1X1E * Z1 V*\ Z1O–`SU*˜1X1D � Y\`*j –`S4Z*˜S ™* ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z* –\OY\c a,Sf ˜,\USf –`SU*˜1X* ™* +S S4*j*\ Z* V`*U a*S4*4\,SY* Z* V\U1 Z*SW*4SjD

= t�\,\`SY S4 a`g* S SaV`1Z\r L�\, 77B7CThe Holy Bible in the Language of TodayE �SWSU*Y �1VM

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� "˜* *V\ ˜S ZSU1 –`\+W1Y ™*4*–\hZ1j `*4—\,\` a `\™S˜1XSY*E ,1c j˜\ a1 \Z d,1V–`1˜,\`S d a,*0dH


˘ \WSV\ U1 ,*3Z\ S4*+`*˜S –`*,S ˜`1Zd˜*V 4*`*4—\,\`H L�\aW\,Sg1 69B55M

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,`1™Z\ ™* a1 ˜`d™Sj ™* Z*01j4*U1™ZShVS U14SV a `\™S˜1XSY*H L�\, 56B56M

"� � �˚��H

2

˛*j˜\ a1a˜*WZ\

a,*0*Y\H


aS˜d*gSUS V\U* aW1™SE �1Uh1W U1 Z* ˜`S Z*hSZ* ™\–`SZ1W*a,*0SD �\31j WS Sf –`1–\4Z*˜SH ˛*–SjS Z* ™\[1 WSZSU1a,\U1 \™—\,\`1E * 4*˜SY Sf d–\`1™S a* \ZSY j˜\ a˜\US d \V,S`dt�™—\,\`Sr Z* 6>D a˜`*ZSD

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

ı

˙� �� ˜S U1 –\4Z*˜* \,* aS˜d*gSU*H ˙* WS a1 a˜*WOZ\ a,*0*j a `\™S˜1XSY*H �V\ U1 ˜*V\E `*4YSaWSY*W\ \ ˜\Y1D "˜* U1 Z*Uh1jcS –\,\™ 4* a,*0dH �˜*O,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ Z*,1™1ZSf a˜*,VS SWS ™\–SjS Z1Oj˜\ ™`d—\D

O �˜*, O �dcZS –\aW\,S O �™1,*[1O `1Y1 4* –\,`*˜*V VdcS O ˛*+*,* O ˙`dj˜,\O �d–`\˜*Z –\W O ˙`d—\ ........................................

�14 \+4S`* Z* –\,\™ 4* a,*0dE S ˜S S ˜,\US `\™S˜1OXS a1 –\aW1 \a1c*˜1 —`\4Z\D �*`*,Z\E Y\—*\ +S cdO˜*˜S V*\ 4*WS,1Z S –`*,S˜S a1 ™* a1 aW*31j a* a,SYj˜\ \ZS V*3dD �WSE ™* WS �\— \h1VdU1 ™* ˜*V\ –\Oa˜d–*jH �1D �S+WSU* V*31 ™* ˜`1+* ™* G–\j˜dU1ja,\— \g* S a,\Ud Y*UVdF L˚e1j*ZSY* :B6E 7MD �*V\01˜1 –\™a˜Sh1 ™* a˜1VZ1j ta–\a\+Z\a˜ –`\ad0S,*[*r

�`1™* U1 ,1h1D �1™*YZ*1a˜\—\™Sj[* �1Uh1WU1 \+*,SW* VdcZ1 –\aW\,1 S a–`1YZ* U1 ™*4*aWd31Z\ \™*fZ1 P V\Z*hZ\I VXdhSW* U1� S a`dhSW* a1 d \YSX1Zd e\˜1XdD�*j d ˜\Y ˜`1Zd˜VdE Y*Y* a1 –\U*,XdU1 Z*,`*˜SY* S ZSU1 \™dj1,X1Z* \ZSY j˜\ ,S™SDt�1Uh1WI ˛*j˜\ ˜`*cSj ,`1Y1 —W1™*UdcS � V*™*˜`1+* ™* –\Y\—Z1j a1a˜`S \V\ ™\Y*c1—H �SV*™*Z1 `*™Sj \Z\ j˜\ ˜S a1 V*31Irt�–1˜ Sa˜* –`Sh*rE Y`YX* �1Uh1WE ™\,\XZ\—W*aZ\ ™* U1 Y*Y* hdU1D�*Y* a1 Z*—S[1 V* [\U S –S˜*B t"˜* aS ˜\`1VW*Hrt�Sj˜*rE V*31 �1Uh1W a ™d+\VSY d4™*f\YE–`1,`cdcS \hSY*D�*™* U1 Y*Y* a˜,*`Z\ Xd˜*D t�1 \+`*c*U YS a1˜*V,SY ˜\Z\YIrt V*V,SY a1 ˜\Z\Y ˜S Y1ZS \+`*c*jHrEd4,`*c* �1Uh1WD�1Y* ZSj˜* \™ \™Y*`*[*DDD –\hS[1 U\j U1™Z*a,*0*D

ı

˛*j˜\ a1 a˜*WZ\ a,*0*Y\H 15

S ™* GV\`Sa˜Sj a,\U `*4dYF L�\aW\,Sg1 5B5O8C SOYX*ZSY* 56B5MD �*™* ˜*V\ –\a˜d–*jE Z1YSZ\,Z\ U1™* c1j `*4,S˜S h,`a˜1 a˜*,\,1 V\US a1 Y\3™* Z1c1d,1V –\™d™*`*˜S a* a˜*,\,SY* ˜,\USf `\™S˜1X*D �*S–*VE d –\`\™Sg*Y* —™1 a1 –`SY1[dUd +S+WSUaV* Z*Oh1W*E `\™S˜1XS S ™1g* Y\—d YS`Z\ `*4—\,*`*˜S h*VS V*™* Z* a˜,*`S Z1 —W1™*Ud Sa˜SY \hSY* L�\W\j*OZSY* 7B57MD�*V\ Y\31j S4`*4S˜S a,\U1 YSjX1[1E * ™* Z1

S4*4\,1j `*˜H �*V\ U1 `1cSB t˛* a,1 ad V`S,S Y\US`\™S˜1XSD �ZS ad ˜S V\US a˜*WZ\ 4*Z\,1˜*UdIr �WS`*4YSaWSB �\WSV\ ˜S Y\31j ™* –`\Y1ZSj ™`d—1EdVXdhdUdcS S a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1H 1™SZ* \a\+* V\Ud Y\O31j ™* –`\Y1ZSj U1aS ˜SD ˛Z*U ™* c1E dV\WSV\ dhSOZSj a,1 j˜\ U1 ™\ ˜1+1 ™* aY*[Sj Z*–1˜\a˜E ˜,\US`\™S˜1XS Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1 \a˜*˜S aYS`1ZS S a*aWdOj*˜S \Z\ j˜\ 31WSj ™* SY V*31jD˛*˜\ f*U™1 ™* ,S™SY\ j˜* ˜S Y\31j d`*™S˜S ™*

,Sj1 Z1 +S ™\W*4SW\ ™\ a,*01D �`SY1ZS –`1™W\—1V\US aW1™1 S ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j S4Z1Z*™S˜S S a,\U1 `\O™S˜1X1 S a1+1 V\WSV\ aS ,1j˜ –\a˜*\ d V\YdZSgSO`*[dD

˘ *4YSaWS –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ \™—\,\`SjD �V\ a1\a1c*jZ*–*™Zd˜\E Z1Y\U Z1–`\YSjX1Z\ `1cS –`,\

j˜\ ˜S –*™Z1 Z* –*Y1˜D �*–`SY1`E –`1˜–\a˜*,SY\ ™*˜S Y*UV* V*31B t˛*j˜\ adO™\,S ZSad \–`*ZSH �SV*™*Z1 d`*™Sj \Z\ j˜\ ˜S a1V*31Ir �\3™* c1j SY–dWOaS,Z\ \™—\,\`S˜SB t˛*j˜\Y1 —[*,SjHr �WS V\`SOa˜S a–\a\+Z\a˜ `*ad0S,*O[*D �\Vdj*U ™* af,*˜Sjj˜* a1 V`SU1 S4* Y*UhSZSf`1hSD �+ShZ\ `1h1ZSg1 a*S4`*4SY* –\–d˜ td,1Vr S


�V\ a1 ˜`d™Sj ™*a–`1hSj adV\+SWS ™* —* `1jSjE\W*Vj*c1j a1+S3S,\˜D *\ j˜\ S�S+WSU* V*31B t˙\+*`h\,1V hSZS ™\+`\™djS a,\U\UrL�\aW\,Sg1 55B5;MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

tZSV*™r Z1 ˜`1+* af,*˜S˜S ™\aW\,Z\D �Z1 4*–`*,\dV*4dUd Z* Z1Vd aV`S,1Zd 1Y\gSUdD "˜* +S ˜\ Y\—W\+S˜SH�\3™* U1 ˜,\U* Y*UV* d4`dU*Z* U1` U\U U1 VdcZSf –\O

aW\,* –`1V\ —W*,1D �\3™* a*Y\ 31WS ™* 4Z* ™* Y\31`*hdZ*˜S Z* ˜1+1D � ˜\Y aWdh*UdE *V\ V*31jB t˛*Oj˜\ Y1 —[*,SjHrE Z1c1j ZSj˜* –\a˜ScSE \aSY j˜\c1j Y\3™* 4*–\h1˜S a,*0dI ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S –\Vdj*\™* aYS`SjY*UVdH �* –`SY1`E Y\—*\ +S `1cSB t�4,SOZSE Y*Y*E ,S™SY ™* ˜S U1 ˜1jV\D �™Y*f cd \–`*O˜S ad™\,1Dr �–*VE –*4SB �1Y\U 4*hSZS˜S a,\U1 `1hSa*`V*4Y\YD �*\a1c*U*Z \™—\,\` ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1 aY1VOj*˜S Y*YdE –* c1 ˜S `1cS d h1Yd U1 4*–`*,\ –`\O+W1YD�˛*–SjS S4U*,1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X* V\U1 +S ˜1 Y\—W1

S4Z1`,S`*˜SD

ı ..................................................................................................

� a*™* `*4YSaWS \ a*\a1c*UZ\Y \™—\,\`d S4 V\— +Sa1 Y\—W\ ,S™1˜S ™* `*4dY1j V*V\ a1 `\™S˜1XS \a1Oc*UdD

..................................................................................................

˘ �\V*3S –\j˜\,*[1D�Sj1W U1 S4 WShZ\— SaOVda˜,* Z*dhSW* V\WSV\ U1,*3*Z Z*hSZ Z* V\US `*4O—\,*`* a Y*UV\YD t�\US —\™–`\+W1Y ™* U1 d –S˜*[drEV*31 \Z*E td,1V Sa–*™Z1 ™*

� Sj1SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 65D –\—W*O,XdD

= t�`g1 –`*,1™ZSV* `*4YSjX* j˜* c1\™—\,\`S˜Sr L�\aW\,Sg1 59B6<M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˛*j˜\ a1 a˜*WZ\ a,*0*Y\H 17

*™* ˜S `\™S˜1XSZ1j˜\ –`Sh*UdESaVXdhS Yd4SVdE* *V\ Z1j˜\ hS˜*jE\™W\3S ˜\ Z* a˜`*ZdS —W1™*U Sf d \hSD

�˚� ��

a1 Y*YS Z1 a,S0* ˜\Z Y\— —W*a*Dr �V\WSV\ a1 S ˜1+S˜\ h1a˜\ ™1j*,*E Z*dhS ™* —\,\`Sj aYS`1Z\ S –\OW*V\E Z1Y\U –`1,`˜*˜S \hSY* SWS Z* ™`d—S Z*hSZ–\V*4S,*˜S ™* ˜S Z1j˜\ S™1 Z* 3S,g1 L�\aW\,Sg17>B5;MD �V\ \a1c*j ™* —d+Sj V\Z˜`\WdE V`*˜V\ a1 da1+S –\Y\WS �\—d L�1YSU* 6B8MD �*`*,Z\E Z1c1j ˜`*O3S˜S \™ [1—* ™* ˜S –\Y\—Z1 ™* \˜V*hSj `\™S˜1X1E,1c ™* –\V*4dU1j a*Y\a*,W*™*,*[1 V*V\ Z1 +S ™\OWS,*\ dX1 Z* ,*˜`d L *V\,X1,* 5B6:MD� –`*4ZSY `1™\,SY* 4*–SjS V\U1 S4U*,1 S –\a˜d–O

V1 ˜`1+* ™* S4+1—*,*jD�4U*,1 L\Z\ j˜\ V*31jMB

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�\a˜d–gS LS4`*4S WSg* S —1a˜\,SMB

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ �Wdj*UD �S+WSU* V*31B t�Z\—\ `1hS Z1 +S,* +14—`1f*r L�\aW\,Sg1 5>B5=MD ˛*˜\ –da˜S `\™S˜1X1 ™*V*3d j˜* 31W1 S –*3XS,\ Sf aWdj*UD �1Y\U Sf –`1OVS™*˜S ™* +S a1 –`*,™*\D 1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Sf aWdj*UD�*V\Z j˜\ \ZS 4*,`j1E Y\cS c1j ™\ YSW1 ,\X1 ™*SY –\a˜*,X*j –S˜*[* SWS \+U*j[*,*j a,\U1 —W1O™Sj˜1D � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ ˜,`™\—W*,\ SZaSa˜S`*j™* \™Y*f V*31j \Z\ j˜\ YSaWSjE Y\3™* c1j a*Y\–\—\`j*˜S aS˜d*gSUdD �*V S *V\ SY* –dZ\ ˜\—* j˜\

’’ �*™* a1 S4,SZSE Y\U* Y*Y* Y1 4*—`WS SYSaWSY ™* U1 ˜\ U*V\ W1–\D �Z™* V*\ ™*ZSj˜* ZSU1 +SW\D � U* a1 ˜`d™SY ™* ˜*V\`*™SYD ˛Z*Y ™* U1 ,1\Y* V\`SaZ\ –`\—d˜*˜Sa,\U –\Z\a S SaV`1Z\ a1 S4,SZS˜SE S*V\ ˜\ZSU1 ZSY*W\ W*V\‘‘ L�\`*M


31WSj ™* V*31jE ,1`\,*˜Z\ U1 a*™* G,`1Y1 4* cd˜*O[1F L�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B;MD

˘ �d™S a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 S4,SZSjD �,1V U1 –`SVW*™OZ\ `1cS tS4,SZSr *V\ aS +SW\ hSY1 ™\–`SZ1\ a,*0SLSYX*ZSY* 58B5=MD �\31j a1 h*V S4,SZS˜S 4*˜\j˜\ U1 d\–j˜1 ™\jW\ ™\ –`1–S`V1D �V\ ˜S U1 ˜1jV\™* ˜\ dhSZSj WSg1Y d WSg1E Z*–SjS V`*˜Vd –\`dVdD

�,*0*[1a `\™S˜1XSY* U1–\–d˜ ˜`h*[* Z*–\V`1˜Z\U ˜`*gSP –\˜`\jSc1jYZ\—\ aZ*—1 *Z1c1j ZS—™1 a˜ScS

�4 \,\— –\—W*,X* ˜`1+* Z*U,Sj1 ™* `*™SYZ* aW1™1c1Y –`1™W\—d

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�`1Zdcd ™* —*–`SY1[dU1Y \™ Ld–SjS ™*˜dYM ................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˛*˜SY –`SY1ZS +S+WSUaVS a*,1˜ \ G™,1 YSX1F ˜*V\j˜\ c1j –`\Y1ZS˜S –\Z*j*[1 V\U1 U1 ™\–`SZ1W\a,*0S L�*˜1U 9B85MD �* –`SY1`E *V\ U1 –`\+W1Y Z*Oa˜*\ U1` ZSaS d`*™S\ Z1j˜\ d VdcSE 4*j˜\ Z1 +SS4Z1Z*™S\ `\™S˜1X1 ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j ˜\ \+*,S˜SH �*VS *V\ Z1 ,\WSj ˜*U –\a*\E 4*` ZSU1 +\X1 ™* —* d`*O™Sj Z1—\ ™* a1 ad\hSj a –\aW1™Sg*Y* V*™* ˜,\US `\O™S˜1XS ,S™1 ™* –\a*\ U\j d,1V ZSU1 4*,`j1ZH L�*O˜1U 65B6<O75MD ˛*˜\ `*4YSaWS \ ˜\Y1 j˜* ™\+SU*j˜SY1 j˜\ a1 ˜`d™Sj ™* aY*[Sj Z*a˜*Wd Z*–1˜\a˜D˙\ Z1ad—W*aSg* ™\W*4S h*V S d a`1cZSY –\`\™Sg*O

Y*E *WS \Z1 4Z*Ud V*V\ ™* Sf Z* YS`*Z Z*hSZ `1j1D�`SY1[dU a*,1˜1 S4 \,\— –\—W*,X* S ,S™1c1j ™*c1j a `\™S˜1XSY* Y\cS ™* `*4—\,*`*j S \ \a1˜XSO,SY ˜1Y*Y* P S ˜\ +14 a,*01I

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS YSaWSj ™* `\™S˜1XS˜`1+* ™* ˜S ™*Ud ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜Sd ˜\Y –`*,gdH


\™—\,\`S5D�*`V*a˜Sh*Z\™—\,\`Lt�–1˜Sa˜*–`Sh*DrMa*Y\U1™\WS\dX1Z*,*˜`dY*YSZ1Xd˜[1D6D�1Uh1WSZS4`*4WSg*L–`1,`˜*[1\hSY*M™\™*˜Z\U1–\—\`j*\aS˜d*gSUdD7D�`d+\™—\,\`Lt�V*V,SYa1˜\Z\Y˜SY1ZS\+`*c*jHrMaV\`\d,1V`*a–S`dU1a,*0dD

˘ ˛*j˜\ Z1VS ˜,\US ™`d—*`S YSaW1 ™* aS ad–1` *V\–\+1™Sj d a,*0SH

˘ ˛*j˜\ �1f\,* �\— aY*˜`* ™* U1 a,*0*W*hVSZ*a˜`\U1Z* \a\+* +14dYZ*H L�\aW\,Sg1 6>B7M

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ™\+`\ ™* a1 ˜`d™Sj ™* Z1Y*j 4*˜1—Zd˜1\™Z\a1 a `\™S˜1XSY*H

"� � �˚��H

3

�*V\ ™* ™\+SU1Y,Sj1 aW\+\™1H

t \W1W* +Sf ™* Y1 `\™S˜1XS –da˜1 ™* –\Z1V*™Y*W\ –`\4dUSYr L�*`*E 5< —\™SZ*Mt,1V –S˜*Y Y*Yd S ˜*˜d 4*j˜\ Z1Y*Ud–\,1`1[* d Y1Z1 V*™ 31WSY ™* S4*01Ya ™`dj˜,\YD �ZS YS h1a˜\ V*3dB G�Y*Y\–\,1`1[* d ˜1+1E *WS Z1 S d ˜,\U1 –`SU*˜1X1F rL�`Sa˜SZ*E 5< —\™SZ*M

�� *`1 S �`Sa˜SZ1E ™* WS S ˜S 31WSj ,Sj1aW\+\™1H ˙* +S U1 ™\+S\E Y\`*c1j a˜1cS –\,1`1[1a,\USf `\™S˜1X*D �\,1`1[1 U1 dYZ\—\Y1 –\–d˜ Z\,Og*D �1jV\ —* U1 4*`*™S˜SE * W*V\ –\˜`\jS˜SE S V\WSOV\ —\™ —* ™\+SU1jE ZSV*™* ZSU1 ™\,\XZ\D t�*™ —\™31WSY ™* S4*01YrE V*31 5:O—\™Sj[* �,*Z*E t`\™SO˜1XS Y1 +\Y+*`™dUd –S˜*[SY* —™1 S™1YE a VSY S™1YEj˜* c1Y\ `*™S˜S S V*™* cd a1 ,`*˜S˜SD �a˜SZ*E \ZSad Y\US `\™S˜1XSE *WS ˜*V,\ Sa–S˜S,*[1 YS S™1 Z*3S,g1Ir"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* +S `\™S˜1XS SY*WS ,1c1

–\,1`1[1 d ˜1+1 S ™* +S ˜S ™*WS ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H �`1Z1—\ j˜\ \™—\,\`SY\ Z* \,\ –S˜*[1E –\—W1™*UY\ 4*Oj˜\ –S˜*[1 –\,1`1[* a˜,*`* Z*–1˜\a˜ S4Y10d `\O™S˜1X* S ™1g1D

�1jV\c1 \™`*a˜*[*� �S+WSUS a1 –`S4Z*U1 ™* c1 YdjV*`*g t\a˜*,SO

˜S a,\— \g* S a,\Ud Y*UVdr L�\a˜*Z*V 6B68MD �*`*,OZ\E Sa˜\ ,*3S S 4* 31ZdD �14 \+4S`* Z* –\WE —W*,Z*a,`f* *™\W1ag1Z˜aV\— ™\+* U1a˜1 ™* a1 –`S–`1YSj4* ,`1Y1 V*™* c1j +S˜S \™`*aW* \a\+* P V*™* c1jY\cS ™* Z*–da˜Sj ™\Y S Y\3™* \aZdU1j a,\Ud –\`\O™SgdD��10d˜SYE ˜*U –`1W*4 d \™`*aW\ ™\+* ZSU1 –\–d˜

,`*˜* V`\4 V\U* a*Y\ –`\01j V*™ ™\a˜S—Z1j \™`101OZS d4`*a˜D Sj1 U1 –\–d˜ a˜1–1ZSj˜*E ˜*V\ ™* V`\4*™\W1ag1ZgSUd S™1j a˜1–1ZSV –\ a˜1–1ZSVD ˙\™dj1EY\3™* c1 a1 ˜,\U1 YSjX1[1 \ ˜\Y1 ™\VW1 aS a1 –\O–1\ Z* ˜\Y ta˜1–1ZSj˜dr `*4WSV\,*˜S \™ YSjX1[*

˜,\USf `\™S˜1X*D t�Y*Y 6>—\™SZ*E *WS `\™S˜1XS ZSOV*V\ ™* –\–da˜1rE V*31 �*O`SU*E V\U* aY*˜`* ™* [1ZS`\™S˜1XS Z1Y*Ud ™\,\XZ\

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d ;D –\—W*,Xd \,\—˜\Y*D


�1\—`*ZSh1Z*aW\+\™* ZSU1 4Z*V`\™S˜1XaV1 Xd+*,SE,1c Z1+`S—1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

–\,1`1[* d [d V*™* U1 d –S˜*[d [1Z S4+\` –`SU*˜1OX*D t�\US `\™S˜1XS YSaW1 ™* Z1 +Sf SY*W* aZ*—1 ™*\™1Y V*™ –`S—da˜SD �\Vdj*,*Y ™* SY V*31Y ™* a*YU* ,1c S `*ZSU1 ˜\ da–1jZ\ `*™SW*E *WS [SY* ˜\ ZSU1™\,\XZ\Ir�*`SUSZ1 `1hS \˜V`S,*Ud ™* –S˜*[1 –\,1`1[*

Y\31 +S˜S S4,\` ,1WSV1 Z*–1˜\a˜S S4Y10d YW*™SfS `\™S˜1X*D ˙* WS U1 ˜\ aWdh*U S d ˜,\U\U –\`\™SOgSH �V\ U1a˜1E V*V\ Y\31j 4*™\+S˜S ,1c1 –\,1`1O[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*H � dV\WSV\ aS 4+\— Z1VSf Z1OYd™`Sf –\a˜d–*V* S4—d+S\[Sf\,\ –\,1`1[1E V*V\ —*Y\31j –\,`*˜S˜SH

˙\V*3S ™* aS ™\a˜\U*Z–\,1`1[*�–\a˜\W �*,W1 U1 –Sa*\

f`Sjc*ZSY* d –`,\Y ,1VdBt�*YS a1+1 –`\,1`*,*U˜1rL6D �\`SZc*ZSY* 57B9MD �*O`*,Z\E ˜1 `1hS ZSad d–dc1OZ1 *™\W1ag1Z˜SY*D �–*VE

�d˜ ™\ \™—\,\`Z1 \™`*aW1 \a\+1 U1a˜1–\–d˜ a˜1–1ZSj˜* V\USY a1 –1[1ja˜1–1ZSV –\ a˜1–1ZSV

˙˚�� ˙�˚�˚��

�˙��˙��

�*V\ ™* ™\+SU1Y ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H 23

�1Y\U –\`1™S˜S a,\UdaW\+\™d a* aW\+\™\YV\Ud SY*Ud ˜,\U* a˜*O`SU* +`*c* S a1a˜`1E,1c a* aW\+\™\Y V\UdaS SY*\ V*™ aS +S\YW*0SD

�˚� ��

˜\ Z*h1W\ ,*3S S 4* [SfD �W\+\™* V\Ud ™\+SU*j h1Oa˜\ 4*,SaS \™ ˜\—* V\WSV\ aS ™\V*4*\ ™* aS ™\a˜\U*Z–\,1`1[*D �\ Z1 4Z*hS ™* ˜`1+* ™* +d™1j a*,`j1ZD�* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E a,S —`1jSY\ L�`\–\,1™ZSV ;B6>MD�–*VE ™* WS ˜SY1 V*V\ a1 –\Z*j*j Z*,\™Sj a,\U1`\™S˜1X1 ™* Z1Y*Ud –\,1`1[* d ˜1+1H�* –`SY1`E �*,W1 U1 Z*–Sa*\B t� a,1Yd 31WSY\ ™*

–\j˜1Z\ –\a˜d–*Y\r L 1,`1USY* 57B5<MD ˛*–S˜*U a1BG�\WSV\ a*Y ™\a*™ +S\ SaV`1Z V*™ Y1 `\™S˜1XS –SO˜*Ud —™1 a*Y +S\ S j˜* a*Y `*™S\HF �aY\˜`S S4U*,1™,1 ™1,\UV1 V\U1 ad a1+1 a*—W1™*W1 d –`*,\Y a,1˜WdD�*V\Z j˜\ –`\hS˜*j \Z\ j˜\ ad `1VW1E \™—\,\`S Z*–S˜*[* ,14*Z* 4* [Sf\,\ –\Z*j*[1D�\`*B t�*UZ\ a*Y a1 ™\–SaS,*W* –`1V\ SZ˜1`Z1˜*

a ™1hV\Y V\US YS a1 a,S0*\D �\US `\™S˜1XS ad ˜\ \˜OV`SWS S `1VWS YS ™* –`1a˜*Z1YD �+1c*W* a*Y ™* cd˜\ dhSZS˜SE *WS ZSa*YD �\ U1 ˜`*U*W\ —\™SZd ™*Z*D �™*X1 a*Y a1 ™\–SaS,*W* a [SYE * V*™* +S `\™S˜1XSa*4Z*WSE S4,SZSW* +Sf a1 S \+1c*W* ™* cd –`1a˜*˜SE*WS +Sf \–1˜ `*™SW* –\ a,\Y1D �* V`*Ud U1 ™\jW\ ™\˜\—* ™* YS `\™S˜1XS ,Sj1 ZSj˜* ZSad ,1`\,*WSIr˛*j˜\ ad �\`SZS `\™S˜1XS S4—d+SWS –\,1`1[1 d

[dHı .....................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˙* aS ˜S Z* Y1a˜d �\`SZSf `\™S˜1X*E j˜* +S dhSOZS\ S 4*j˜\H .......................................................................

..................................................................................................

�*V\ U1 �\`* ,1c Z*V\Z –`,\— `*4—\,\`* a `\™S˜1OXSY* Y\—W* –\V*4*˜S ™* U1 ™\a˜\UZ* –\,1`1[*H

..................................................................................................

’’ �˜,\`1Z\ S4Z\aSY `\™S˜1XSY* a,\U1 +`S—1S –`\+W1Y1D �SaWSY ™* 4+\— ˜\—* SY*Ud,Sj1 –\,1`1[* d Y1Z1‘‘ L˙SU*Z*M

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 66D �� 6D ��E 66D ��


1`\ZSV*B t�\US `\™S˜1XS ZSad SY*WS –\,1`1[*d Y1Z1 V*™* U1 d –S˜*[d ad–`\˜ZS –\WE * a*™* `*4dOY1Y S 4*j˜\D �W1`˜\,*W* a*Y a Z1VSY Y\YgSY* V\USad ™,1 —\™SZ1 a˜*`SUS \™ Y1Z1D �*V\01 aY\ –`1V\ ˜1OW1e\Z* a*˜SY* `*4—\,*`*WS S Z* ™`d31[SY* a*Y–`Sh*W* d—W*,Z\Y a*Y\ a [SY* S ZS a* VSY ,Sj1D\™S˜1XS ad YS \™d41WS ˜1W1e\Z Z* Y1a1g ™*Z* SZSad Y1 –dj˜*WS ™* S™1Y ˜*Y\ —™1 ad 4Z*WS ™* c1+S˜S S ˜S Y\YgSDr˙* aS ˜S Z* Y1a˜d 1`\ZSVSZSf `\™S˜1X*E j˜* +S

dhSZS\ S 4*j˜\H ı ............................................................

..................................................................................................

˙* WS U1 V*4Z* V\Ud U1 1`\ZSV* ™\+SW* +SW* Z* Y1Oa˜dH �V\ ™*E 4*j˜\H ...........................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* U1 1`\ZSV* Y\—W* ™* d`*™S ™* +S –\,`*˜SW*–\,1`1[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*H ............................................

..................................................................................................

�\Z\,Z\ 4*™\+SU*[1 –\,1`1[*"˜* *V\ aS S ˜S –\–d˜ \,Sf YW*™Sf 4+\— a,\USf –\O

a˜d–*V* S4—d+S\ –\,1`1[1 `\™S˜1X*H � ˜\Y aWdh*Ud+d™S aS—d`*Z ™* a1 ˜\ Y\31 –`\Y1ZS˜SD �WS V*V\H�V\WSV\ a1 +d™1j \™—\,\`Z\ –\Z*j*\E ˜,\US `\O

™S˜1XS c1 ,1`\,*˜Z\ a˜1cS ,Sj1 –\,1`1[* d˜1+1 S ™*c1 ˜S ,Sj1 aW\+\™1D �ZS˜* U1 ˜\ af,*˜SOW*D t˙\V aS YW*0SrE V*31 \Z*E tZ1 af,*˜*j d –\˜–dOZ\a˜S V\WSV\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* ™`d—S SY*Ud –\,1`1[* d˜1+1D �*™* YSaWSY ™* a*Y \™—\,\`ZSU* S 31WSY ™*

=G�1Y\UY\ +S˜S V*\ \ZS V\USY* U1aW\+\™* –\V`Sc1 4* 4W\F

L5D �1˜`\,* 6B5:M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* ™\+SU1Y ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H 25

4*™`3SY –\,1`1[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*Dr "˜* dhSY\ S4˜\—*H �1Y\U a1 3*WS˜Sj˜\ `\™S˜1XS Z1Y*Ud –\,1`1O[* d ˜1+1E ,1c ™\V*3S ™* aS \a\+* \™ –\,1`1[* S ,1O`\,*˜Z\ c1j ™\+S˜S ,Sj1 aW\+\™1D�* –`SY1`E ™* WS aS \™ `1hS V*™ ad d –S˜*[d ™\W1

Z*,1™1Z* –\™`dhU*H �˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ a˜*,VS Z*V\USY* Y\`*j ™* `*™SjD

O �a–d[*,*[1 \+1c*[* O ˙\W*4*V VdcS d ™\—\,\`1Z\ ,`1Y1O �*hZ\a˜ O �d™`\ V\`Sjc1[1 Z\,g*O �dcZS –\aW\,S O a˜*U*[1 S4 V`1,1˜* +14 `*4,W*h1[*O �™`3*,*[1 a\+1 hSa˜\Y O �\,\`1[1 Sa˜SZ1O �*4dYZ\ V\`Sjc1[1˜1W1e\Z* S V\Y–Ud˜1`*

O �`S4Z*,*[1 —`1j*V* S S4,S[1[1

O ˙`d—\ ..................................................................................

˛*j˜\ Z1 +S h,`a˜\ `1jS\ ™* –\V*31j ™* aS™\a˜\U*Z –\,1`1[* Z* –\™`dhUSY* V\U* aS \4Z*hS\H�`SY1ZS a*,1˜1 V\US ad 4*–Sa*ZS d �S+WSUSB G�VSOZS˜1 a˜*`d WShZ\a˜ \+WSV\,*Zd ,*jSY `*ZSUSY Z*OhSZ\Y 3S,\˜*F L˚e1j*ZSY* 8B66MD t�*™ V*31˜1B G˙*FEZ1V* ˜\ 4Z*hS G™*F r L *V\,X1,* 9B56MD t�\,\`S˜1 Sa˜SOZd a,*VS a,\Y +WS3[1Yr L˚e1j*ZSY* 8B69MD t�WdO

ı

�Scd –\d4™*ZSUS Z* aW1™1cSY –\™`dhUSY*

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�V\ S4—d+SY –\,1`1[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*E\Z™* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

j*U˜1 a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 d a,1Ydr L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B6>MD� ,`1Y1Z\Y c1 ™`d—SE * ˜*V\01 S ˜,\US `\™S˜1XSE aSO—d`Z\ –`SY1˜S˜S ™* Z*–`1™dU1j d ˜\Y –\—W1™d L5D �SOY\˜1Ud 8B59MD�WS j˜* *V\ aY*˜`*j ™* ˜S `\™S˜1XS Z1 ™*Ud ™\O

,\XZ\ aW\+\™1E d–`V\a ˜\Y1 j˜\ ™*U1j a,1 \™ a1+1H˛*j˜\ Z1 +S \ ˜\Y1 –\`*4—\,*`*\ a [SY*H �Y1a˜\ ™*SY –`S—\,*`*j V*V\ +S ˜`1+*W\ ™* \ZS SY*Ud ,Sj1–\,1`1[*E a –\j˜\,*[1Y Sf –S˜*U j˜* YSaW1 ™* ˜S˜`1+* ™* d`*™Sj ™* +S 4*™\+S\ [Sf\,\ –\,1`1[1D�4Z1aS SY U*aZ\ j˜* +S 31W1\ ™* dhSZSj d ˜\Y –\O—W1™dD�1Y\U ™* \h1VdU1j ™* c1 `\™S˜1XS \™Y*f –`\Y1ZSO

˜S a,\U a˜*,D �1Y* adY[1 ™* c1 f˜1˜S ™* a1 d,1`1 ™*WS –\a˜d–*j d aVW*™d a* a,\USY \+1c*[SY*D �aV\O`Sa˜S ˜d –`SWSVd S –\V*3S SY ™* ˜S a1 Y\31 ,1`\O,*˜SD � ,`1Y1Z\Y c1 aS—d`Z\ SY*˜S ,Sj1 –\,1`1[*d ˜1+1 S ™*c1 ˜S ,Sj1 aW\+\™1D �*V\ U1 +SW\ a 1`\OZSV\Y V\Ud aY\ `*ZSU1 –\Y1ZdWSD t�Z\—\ U1 W*Vj1S4—d+S˜S –\,1`1[1 Z1—\ —* a˜1cSrE V*31 \Z* S ™\™*OU1B t�*™* a*Y Z* ™\+`\Y –d˜d ™* —* –\Z\,\ a˜1VZ1Y S\a1c*Y a1 ad–1`Ir

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS ,Sj1ZSad 4*U1™Z\H *V\ ™* a*hd,*j `*,Z\˜13d V*™S4—W1™* ™* a1 ˜,\U a,1˜ a`djS\H

�*V\ ™* ™\+SU1Y ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H 27

˘ ˛*j˜\ a1 ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS Y\3™* Z1cV*Ud ™* ˜S–`d31 ,Sj1 aW\+\™1E h*V S *V\ a1 YZ\—\ ˜`d™Sj™* –\V*31j ™* aS \™ `1hSH

˘ *V\ Z*hSZ Z* V\US `*4—\,*`*j a `\™S˜1XSY*d˜Sh1 Z* [Sf\,d a–`1YZ\a˜ ™* ˜S ™*Ud ,Sj1aW\+\™1H

"� � �˚��H

4

˛*j˜\ ad a1 Y*Y*S ˜*˜* `*4SjWSH

t�SW* a*Y V\™ Vdc1 V*™* Z*a U1 ˜*˜* Z*–da˜S\D�Y*W* a*Y a*Y\ j1a˜ —\™SZ* ˜*V\ ™* ZSa*Yaf,*˜SW* j˜* a1 ™1j*,*D �1™1W* a*Y Z* –\™d S—W1™*W* � V*™ a*Y hdW* Y*Yd V*V\ U1g* S–`1VWS[1 ˜*˜d ™* Z1 S™1D �Z U1 aSj*\ a* a–`*˜*Z\a1cS V\e1`E a*—Zd\ a1 S –\Xd+S\ Y1E `1V*,jSBG�*˜* c1 ˜1 d,1V ,\W1˜SDF ˛*˜SY U1 \˜Sj*\D �\aW1—* ™d—\ ZSa*Y ,S™1W*D �™ ˜*™* a1 –W*jSY ™* c1Y1 S Y*Y* Z*–da˜S˜Sr L˚W1Z*E 5= —\™SZ*M

�� a1 +`*V ˜,\USf `\™S˜1X* `*a–*™Z1E ˜\ ˜S Y\31S4—W1™*˜S V*\ V`*U a,1˜*E V*\ ™* ˜S U1 3S,\˜ S4 ˜1Y1OX* –\XdX*Z S ™* c1j 4*d,1V +S˜S Z1a`1c*ZD �\ ˜*V\O01 h1a˜\ ™\,\™S ™\ \a1c*[* a`*Y*E Xd˜[1E ˜1aV\+1Ea˜`*f* \™ Z*–dj˜*[*E V`S,Sg1E ™1–`1aSU1E aZ*3Z\—\a1c*U* —d+S˜V*E –* h*V S 31X1 4* \a,1˜\YD�V\WSV\ ad a1 ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS Z1™*,Z\ `*4SjWSE Y\O

3™* a1 S ˜SYdhSj a* aWShZSY \a1c*[SY*D �\ ZSU1 ZSOV*V,\ hd™\ U1` U1 Z*j �˜,\`S˜1X 4*YSaWS\ ™* ™1g*˜`1+* ™* `*a˜d d4 \+* `\™S˜1X* L˚e1j*ZSY* :B5O7MD�10d˜SYE ˜S a*™* Y\`*j ™* 3S,Sj +14 a,*V\™Z1,Z\—–`Sada˜,* U1™Z\— `\™S˜1X*E Y\3™* +*j \Z\— V\— aSYZ\—\ ,\W1\D t˛*Sa˜* a*Y +S\ –`S,`31Z \gd S 31W1\a*Y ™* +d™1Y a [SYrE V*31 ˙*ZSU1WE hSUS ad a1 `\™SO˜1XS `*4,1WS V*™ U1 \Z SY*\ a1™*Y —\™SZ*D t�WS a˜*O`*˜1Xa˜,\ U1 ™\+SW* Y*Y*Dr

˛*j˜\ a1 `*4,\™1�+ShZ\ U1 `*a˜*,* +`*V* 4* ™1gd S4Z1Z*01[1E U1` `\O

™S˜1XS ™\+`\ aV`S,*Ud ™* SY*Ud –`\+W1Y*˜Sh*Z +`*VDt * a*Y +SW* j\VS`*Z*rE V*31 *f1W*E V\U* U1 SY*W* 59—\™SZ* V*™* ad U\U a1 `\™S˜1XS `*4,1WSD t�,1V a*Y YSOaWSW* ™* a1 ,\W1Dr �*V S *V\ a1 `\™S˜1XS Z1 aW*3d +*jZ*U+\X1E S–*V Y\31 +S˜S d™*`*g V*™* a1 `*4S0dI� YZ\—SY aWdh*U1,SY* ™\ `*4™,*U*[* ™\W*4S U1` U1

U1™*Z \™ `\™S˜1X* V`S, 4* +`*hZ\ Z1,1`a˜,\D �\— d˜\Y aWdh*Ud ™\–dj˜* Z1™d3Z\Y +`*hZ\Y ™`d—d ™* a1`*4,1™1 S –\Z\,\ +d™1 aW\+\™*Z 4* +`*V L�*˜1U 5=B=MD �™`d—SY aWdh*U1,SY*E ™\ `*4™,*U*[* ™\W*4S U1` ta`i+*S ,SV* S –\—`™*Z —\,\`r –`1`*a˜d d Z*aSX1E ˜*V\ ™*d—`\31ZS ad–`d3ZSV a˜`*fdU1 4* a1+1 S ™1gd L˚e1j*OZSY* 8B75MD�*`*,Z\E Z1VS –*`\,S a1 `*4™,*U*Ud 4+\— YZ\—\ Y*O

[Sf a˜,*`SD �Y1a˜\ ™* `1j*,*Ud a,\U1 –`\+W1Y1E \ZSa1 `*4,\™1E a1+ShZ\ ˜,`™1cS V*V\ ,Sj1 ZSad a`1cZSS V*V\ a1 ,Sj1 Z1 ,\W1D �\— ˜\ Z1 \™\+`*,* U1` \ZGY`4S `*4,\™F S4 ˜*V,Sf `*4W\—* L�*W*fSU* 6B5:MD �adaU1 SZ™S`1V˜Z\ `1V*\ ™* c1 d Z1VSY –\`\™Sg*Y* Y\3™*

˛*j˜\ ad a1 Y*Y* S ˜*˜* `*4SjWSH 29

�1a`1c*Z +`*V ZSU1Z1j˜\ j˜\ a1Z*aW10dU1I

˙ � ˛��DDD?

™\cS ™\ `*4™\`* V*™* U1™*Z ad–`d3ZSV d–\4Z* Sa˜SOZd L�*˜1U 5>B78O7:MD"˜* —\™ ™* U1 –\a`1™SE ˜\ j˜\ `\™S˜1XS a ˜\+\Y Z1

–`Sh*Ud \ a,\Y `*4,\™d SWS ˜S ™*Ud a*Y\ j˜d`1 \™—\O,\`1 Z* –S˜*[* Z1 4Z*hS ™* ˜1 Z1 ,\W1D �\j˜\ ad4*\Vd–X1ZS a,\USY +\W\YE Y\3™* SY U1 U1™Z\a˜*,Z\˜1jV\ ™* \ ˜\Y1 –`Sh*Ud L�\aW\,Sg1 68B5>MD �*V\01EY\3™* SY U1 Z1–`SU*˜Z\ S Z14—\™Z\ ™* –`S4Z*Ud ™* ad–`*,SWS –`\–da˜1 d +`*VdD

"˜* Y\31j d`*™S˜S�`1–\4Z*U a,\U1 a˜`*f\,1D�d™dcS ™* `*4,\™ `\™S˜1O

X* Y\31 S4 V\`1Z* –`\Y1ZS˜S ˜,\U 3S,\˜E Y\3™* c1ja1 a*™* df,*˜S˜S V*V\ +`SZ1j \ Z1h1Yd j˜\ aS `*ZSU1d4SY*\ 4™`*,\ 4* —\˜\,\D �* S–*VE Y\3™* c1j da–1˜S™* a,\U1 a˜`*f\,1 ™`3Sj –\™ V\Z˜`\W\Y ˜*V\ j˜\ c1jSf –`,\ ™1eSZSa*˜SD �˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ \Z\—* j˜\˜1 Z*U,Sj1 –W*jS SWS ™\–SjS a,\U* \a1c*[*D

O �*–da˜Sc1 Y1 S ™`d—S `\™S˜1XDO �1c1Y\ SY*˜S ™\,\XZ\ Z\,g* 4* 3S,\˜DO �SaWSY ™* a*Y U* V`S,j˜\ U1 ™\jW\ ™\ `*4,\™*DO V\ a˜d–SY d +`*VE S Y\U +`*V c1 –`\–*a˜SDO ˙`d—\ .................................................................................

*4—\,*`*U \ \Z\Y j˜\ ˜1 +`SZ1D �`*X �\W\Y\Z U1`1V*\ ™* –\a˜\US t,`1Y1 V*™ a1 —\,\`Sr L�`\–\,1™ZSV7B;MD ˛*˜\ –`\+*U ™* ,S™Sj V*™* U1 Z*U+\X1 ,`1Y1 ™*a `\™S˜1XSY* –\–`Sh*j \ a˜`*f\,SY* V\U1 aS –`1–\O4Z*\ V\™ a1+1D 1gS SY V\WSV\ aS ˜d3*Z S 4+dO[1ZD �\3™* c1 Y\cS ™* ˜S \+U*aZ1 j˜* a1 ™1j*O,*E –* c1j +S˜S Y*[1 d4Z1YS`1ZD �V\WSV\ ,S™Sj ™*d ™*˜\Y ˜`1Zd˜Vd Z1 Y\—d ™* ˜S –`d31 –\˜`1+Zd –\O

™`jVdE –\˜`*3S Z1V\— 4`1OW\— –`SU*˜1X*D �1Y\U +S˜S–*aS,*ZE ,1c –`S0S a,\Y–`SU*˜1XdD �\ j˜\ c1 ˜1 a*OaWdj*˜S ,1c a*Y\ –\ a1+SY\31 +S˜S \—`\YZ\ \W*Vj*O[1 L�\aW\,Sg1 5;B5;MD

ı

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 69D �� 6D ��E 69D ��


�4Z*™ a,1—*E ˜,\U Z1+1aVS �˜*g c1 ˜1 `*™\ a*aWdj*O˜S +d™dcS ™* \Z taWdj* Y\WS˜,1r L�a*W*Y :9B6MD �4WSO,*U Yd a,\U1 a`g1E U1` a1 \Z G+`SZ1 4* ˜1+1F L5D �1˜`\,*9B;MD

"˜* Z1 ˜`1+* ™* `*™Sj�1Y\U +S˜S 4W\,\X*ZD

t�\US `\™S˜1XS ad +SWS a1O+ShZSrE V*31 `*ZSU1 –\Y1OZd˜S ˙*ZSU1WD t�Sad ™\,\XOZ\ YSaWSWS Z* Z*a S V*V\c1 ˜\ j˜\ hSZ1 Z* Z*a d˜SOg*˜SDr ˙*ZSU1W\,* \a1c*[*ad `*4dYXS,* S Y\—d +S˜SZ* Y1a˜dD �WS V*V\ +S \™—\O,\`S\ Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*H�*–SjS a,\U1 \™—\,\`1 Z*–`1™,S01Z1 WSZSU1D˙\ V\USf +S –\aW1™Sg* Y\—W\ ™\cS *V\ ˙*ZSU1W

Z1 +S \™*—Z*\ —Z1, S \—\`h1[1H L�`\hS˜*U �\aW\,Sg16=B66DM

ı..................................................................................................

�*V\ Y\31 +S˜S ˜1jV\E 4*j˜\ +S 4* ˙*ZSU1W* +SW\™\+`\ ™* –\Vdj* ™* \–`\a˜S a,\USY `\™S˜1XSY* j˜\ad Yd Z*Z1WS +\WH L�`\hS˜*U ˚e1j*ZSY* 8B75E 76DM

..................................................................................................

�*V\ +S ˜1Y1XZ* Sa˜SZ* S4 SYX*ZSY* 7B67 Y\—W*–\Y\cS ˙*ZSU1Wd ™* SY* `1*WZd aWSVd \ a,\USY `\™SO˜1XSY*H

..................................................................................................

�4+1—*,*U –\Z*j*[1 V\U1 ˜S j˜1˜SD t�S\ a*YZ1a`1c*Z S ™1–`1aS,*Z Z*V\Z `*4,\™* a,\USf `\™SO

= GY* ,`1Y1 V*™ a1 W1hSFL�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B5E 7M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˛*j˜\ ad a1 Y*Y* S ˜*˜* `*4SjWSH 31

�V\WSV\ ad ˜S a1 `\O™S˜1XS `*4,1WSE U1™*Z\™ [SfE * Z*U,1`\,*˜OZSU1 \+* –`*,SWS ad—`1jV1D �\Vdj*U ™*,S™Sj V\U1 ad ˜\ —`1OjV1 ™* +S Sf S4+1—*\V*™* U1™Z\Y Y\3™* Sa*Y a˜d–Sj d +`*VL�\aW\,Sg1 6;B56MD

�˚� ��

˜1X*rE –`Sa1c* a1 ˙1ZSaD t�\h1\ a*Y ™* –`*,SY –`\O+W1Y1 d jV\WS S –*\ a*Y U1™Zd —\™SZdD �\aW1 ˜\—*DDD–\a˜*\ a*Y ˜*V\`1cS ™,\àV* Wd™* d `*4`1™d S dh1aÕ,\,*\ a*Y d YZ\—SY ˜dh*Y*Dr"˜* U1 –\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[d ˙1ZSa Z*a˜\U*\ ™* –\a˜S—O

Z1 ˜SY1 j˜\ U1 \™ a1+1 –`*,S\ ™,\àVd Wd™dH ı...........

..................................................................................................

˛*j˜\ U1 –\h1\ ™* dh1a˜,dU1 d YZ\—SY ˜dh*Y*H

..................................................................................................

�V\ –\31WSj ™* V*4ZSj a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 ˜*V\ j˜\ +Sa1 W\j1 –\Z*j*\E V*V\ ˜S Z*h1W\ S4 �*W*˜SY* :B; Y\31–\Y\cS ™* 4*™`3Sj Sa–`*,*Z –\—W1™ Z* a˜,*`SH

..................................................................................................

’’ �*™* Z*a U1 Y*Y* Z*–da˜SW*E +SW* a*Y U*V\™1–`1aS,Z* S –W*V*W* a*Y a,*VS ™*ZD WSh1a˜\ a*Y a1 Y\WSW*E –\Y*—*W* ™`d—SY* S™`3*W* a1 4`1WSf –`SU*˜1X*D �a1c*Y ™* YSU1 Z* ˜*U Z*hSZ �1f\,* –\Y\—*\ ™* –\+1™SYa,\U* \a1c*[*‘‘ L�*˜*WSM

�,\U1 a˜`*f\,1 Y\—*\ +Sf ™* –\™1WSY a*LZ*–SjS SY1 4`1W1 \a\+1 a V\U\Y+S Y\—*\ ™* `*4—\,*`*jM

..........................................................................................................................

�V\ –\31WSY ™* V*4ZSY `\™S˜1X1 a,\USY W\jSY–\Z*j*[1YE a*,W*™*cd ˜\ Z* aW1™1cS Z*hSZ

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

"˜* \h1VS,*˜S \™+d™dcZ\a˜S˛* Z1V1 –\,`1™1E V*\ j˜\ U1 –`1O

W\Y V\a˜SE –\˜`1+Z1 ad Z1™1X1–* h*V S Y1a1gS ™* –\˜–dZ\ 4*Og1W1D �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E S 4* 1Y\gS\OZ*WZ1 –\,`1™1 –\˜`1+Z\ U1 ,`1Y1D�1VS a˜`dh[*gS V*3d ™* ad Z*U˜1O31 –`,1 ˜`S —\™SZ1 –\aW1 `*4,\O™*D �\3™* ˜S a1 ˜\ hSZS V*\ ™d—–1`S\™E *WS 4*–*Y˜S ™* U1 –\˜`1+Z\

YZ\—\ ˜\—* ™* a1 ™1aS ™* +S a1 3S,\˜ ,`*˜S\ d Z\`OY*WdD�* –`SY1`E Y\`*Ud a1 –`1`*a–\™1WS˜S –\`\™ShZ1

\+*,141 V\U1 ad Z*`dj1Z1 4+\— `*4,\™*D �\˜`1+Z\ U1,`1Y1 ™* ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS d 1Y\gS\Z*WZ\Y aYSaWd –\OZ\,\ a˜*Zd Z* Z\—1D �1V ˜*™* c1 Y\cS ™* ˜S –\Z\,\ –`dO31 –\˜`1+Zd –\™`jVdD �10d˜SYE ™\V a1 ˜,\U 3S,\˜ –\Oa˜1–1Z\ ,`*c* d Z\`Y*Wd S ˜S c1j –\W*V\ +S˜S \Z*Ua˜*`SD

�–\`*,*V –\aW1 `*4,\™* `\™S˜1X*U1a˜1 –\–d˜ \–\`*,V* Z*V\Z–`1W\Y* `dV1P +\WZ\ U1a˜1E*WS Z* V`*Ud –`\01

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 1jV\ ˜S U1 U1` ˜S U1 `\™S˜1X–\Z\,\ a˜d–S\ d +`*VH"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* +S ˜\W*Vj1 –\™Z1\H

˛*j˜\ ad a1 Y*Y* S ˜*˜* `*4SjWSH 33

˘ ˛*j˜\ ˜,\USY `\™S˜1XSY* Y\31 +S˜S ˜1jV\™* a ˜\+\Y `*4—\,*`*Ud \ `*4,\™dH

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* 4*™`3Sj Z* dYd ™* U1 ™\`*4,\™* ™\jW\ 4+\— –`\+W1Y* Y10d ˜,\USY`\™S˜1XSY*E * Z1 4+\— ˜1+1H

"� � �˚��H

�� `\™S˜1X Y\31 +S˜S,1\Y* a`1c*Z Z* ™*Z V*™*–\Z\,\ a˜d–S d +`*VD �10dO˜SYE ˜1+S Y\3™* ZSU1 ZS ™\h1—*I ˛*j˜\H �*U Z\,S +`*V dZSj˜*,* a,*Vd Z*™d ™*c1 ˜,\US +S\W\jVS `\™S˜1XS SV*™* \–1˜ +S˜S 4*U1™OZ\D �\a1+Z\ Y\31 +S˜S +\WZ\ *V\ U1 ™\ +`*V* ™\jW\d+`4\ Z*V\Z j˜\ ˜S U1 aY`˜ \™Z1W* ,\X1Z\— `\™SO˜1X*D�*V\ aS a1 ˜S \a1c*\ V*™* ˜S U1 `\™S˜1X –\Z\,\ a˜dO

–S\ d +`*VH �˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ a˜*,VS V\U1 a1 \™OZ\a1 Z* ˜1+1D�a1c*\ a*YB ıO a`1cd O Z1aS—d`Z\a˜ O Xd+\Y\`d

O ™* a*Y S4Z1,1`1ZO V`S,Sgd U1` YS a1 ™\–*W* Y*c1f*\™Z\aZ\ \hdf

�\aW1™[* Z*,1™1Z* `1*VgSU* Y\31 +S˜S 4+\— –`SO,`31Z\a˜S `\™S˜1Xd V\US ZSU1 ˜dD �14 \+4S`* Z* `*4OW\—E –\Y1Zd˜* \a1c*[* ˜1 Y\—d Z*,1a˜S ™* 1Y\gS\OZ*WZd +\W Sa–\XSj Z* Z1VS j˜1˜*Z Z*hSZD

5

�*V\ ™* a1–\YS`SYa Z\,SY

+`*V\Y a,\—`\™S˜1X*H


�* –`SY1`E Y\3™* a˜*WZ\ 4*—\`h*,*j 3S,\˜a,\Y Z\,\Y `\™S˜1XdD �\3™* h*V Z*a˜\USj ™*a˜,\`Sj Z*–1˜\a˜ S4Y10d [1—* S a,\— –`*,\— `\O™S˜1X*E Z*™*UdcS a1 ™* c1 Sf ˜\ `*4™,\US˜SD�10d˜SYE U1™Z* –\aW\,Sg* a*™`3S aW1™1c1 Yd™`\d–\4\`1[1B t�Z*U V\ a˜,*`* –`\+W1Y1 d a,\U\U –\`\O™SgSE Z*aW1™Sc1 a*Y\ ,1˜*`r P ˜\ U1a˜ Z1c1 –\Oa˜ScS ZSj˜* L�\aW\,Sg1 55B6=E New InternationalVersionMD �1Y\U –*a˜S d ˜d 4*YVdI �* a,\USY 1Y\gS\OZ*WZSY Z1YS`\Y Y\31j a1 S4+\`S˜S Z* YZ\—\ +14O+\WZSU1 Z*hSZ1D �aY\˜`S Z1V1 \™ [SfD

5D S4*4\,B �`Sf,*˜S˜S *d˜\`S˜1˜Z\,\— `\™S˜1X*�`Sf,*˜*[1 *d˜\`S˜1˜* Z\,\— `\™S˜1X* ZSU1 W*O

V\D �*™* ˜1 Z1j˜\ 4*Y\WS ™* d`*™SjE Y\3™* c1j31W1˜S ™* +d+Z1j Z1j˜\ V*\B G�S ZSaS Y\U* –`*,*Y*Y*IF SWSB G�S ZSaS Y\U –`*,S ˜*˜*IF �*V,SY \™—\,\O`\Y Y\3™* Y\31j a1+S ™*˜S \™djV*E *WS S4* ˜\—* a1V`SU1 Z14`1\ a˜*,D� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ –`Sf,*˜Sj *d˜\`S˜1˜ a,\— Z\O

,\— `\™S˜1X*E ˜SY1 –\V*4dU1j ™* –`Sf,*˜*j +S+WSUOaVS a*,1˜ ™* Gd `*4YSjX*[d +d™1j \™`*a˜*\F L5D �\O`SZc*ZSY* 58B6>E �*,`1Y1ZS a`–aVS –`1,\™MD �,\UZ\,S `\™S˜1X \+*,X* ™d3Z\a˜S ˜,\— –`*,\— `\™S˜1OX* S 4*˜\ 4*aWd3dU1 ™* —* –\j˜dU1j L�\aW\,Sg1 5B<C˚e1j*ZSY* :B5O8MD�V\ ˜1 Z\,S `\™S˜1X ™SagS–WSZdU1E ˜\ U1 h1a˜\ 4Z*V

[1—\,1 Xd+*,S S +`S—1 L�\aW\,Sg1 57B68MD t�\U \hdfZ*a ™SagS–WSZdU1rE V*31 �,\Z*E V\U* SY* 5< —\™SZ*Et*WS ˜\ \h1,S S ˜`1+* ™* `*™1D �V\ +Sf a1 \–S`*OW* V*™* Z*a ,*a–S˜*,*E \Z™* V*\ ™* +Sf \™+*gSW*a,d [1—\,d +`S—d d Y*˜1`SU*WZ\Y S ™df\,Z\Y –\—W1O™d V\Ud Z*Y U1 –`d3*\ –`\˜1VWSf —\™SZ*D � ˜\ Z1 +S+SW\ e1`Dr�10d˜SYE aS—d`Z\ c1j –\Z1V*™ SY*˜S Z1Vd \–`*,O

™*Zd 4*Y1`VdD �*™* ™\ ˜\—* ™\01E –\V*3S ™* aSG\™`*a˜*\ d `*4YSjX*[dF ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j –`SY1ZS˜S

�*V\ ™* a1 –\YS`SY a Z\,SY +`*V\Y a,\— `\™S˜1X*H 35

a*,1˜ S4 �\W\j*ZSY* 7B57B t�\™Z\aS˜1 U1™ZS ™`d—1S a–`1YZ\ \–`*j˜*U˜1 U1™ZS ™`d—SY* *V\ Z1V\ SY*–`S˜d3+d Z* Z1V\—*Dr�a–\™ Z*–SjS +*`1Y ™,1 ™\+`1 \a\+SZ1 a,\U1 Y*O

c1f1 \™Z\aZ\ a,\— \hdf*D

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�*V\ ˜S `*4YSjX*[1 \ ˜SY [Sf\,SY \a\+SZ*Y*Y\31 –\Y\cS ™* Sf ,Sj1 –\j˜dU1jH

..................................................................................................

6D S4*4\,B �*dhS˜S a1 Z1a1+ShZ\a˜S S–\–dj˜*[dt�\U ˜*˜* a1 U\j ™,*–d˜ 31ZS\rE –`Sa1c* a1 68O—\O

™Sj[S �˜SW*D t�SW\ YS U1 ˜1jV\ ™* –`Sf,*˜SY Z\,d–\`\™SgdD � –\h1˜Vd ad YS +SWS –\˜–dZS a˜`*ZgSE*WS ™`d—S ad YS —\,\`SWS ™* Y\`*Y ™* Sf 4*,\WSYD �\YS U1 a˜,*`*W\ 4+`Vd d —W*,SDr�\3™* a1 S ˜S Z*W*4Sj d Z1V\U aWShZ\U aS˜d*gSUSD

�\3™* ,Sj1 ZSaS Z*Ua˜*`SU1 ™1˜1 SWS ,Sj1 ZSaS U1O™SZ*gD �V\ aS aSZE Y\3™* aS a1 ™d31 ,`1Y1Z* \a1Oc*\ V*\ —W*,* –\`\™Sg1 P * a*™* ˜d dW\—d –`1d4SY*˜,\U \hdfD � Y\3™* a1 Y\31j –\Sa˜\,1˜S˜S a* \ZSYj˜\ V*31 �,\Z*D t�\U –`*,S ˜*˜* ZSV*™* ZSU1 –`\,\O™S\ ,`1Y1 a Y*Y\YrE V*31 \Z*E tS 4*˜\ a*Y +SW* Z*O,SVW* ™* U1 SY*Y a*Y\ 4* a1+1D �WS V*™* a1 Y*Y*–`1d™*W*E Y\U \hdf Ud U1 \+*aS–*\ –*3[\YD �`\,\O

™SWS ad –dZ\ ,`1Y1Z* 4*U1™OZ\E ˜*V\ ™* a*Y SY*W* \a1Oc*U ™* U1 V`*™1 \™ Y1Z1D �WSZ* V`*Ud a*Y a1 –`S,SVW* Z*Z\,d aS˜d*gSUdDr�*V\ a1 S ˜S –\–d˜ �,\Z1

Y\31j –`SW*—\™S˜SH t�1OV* ,*j* `*4dYZ\a˜ +d™1 –\O4Z*˜* a,SY Xd™SY*rE a*,1O


�,\U\U +`*cS S a1a˜`*OY* –\ Y*c1fSN\hdfd˜*V\01 Y\31 +S˜S˜1jV\ ™* a1 –`SW*—\O™1 Z\,\U –\`\™ShZ\UaS˜d*gSUSD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

˜dU1 a1 d �S+WSUS L�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B9MD �4,\`Z* `1h–`1,1™1Z* a* t`*4dYZ\a˜r 4Z*hS t–\–da˜XS,\a˜r S–`1Z\aS aWSVd \a\+1 V\U* Z1 SZaSa˜S`* Z* a,SYa,\USY –`*,SY*D �*V\ Y\31j –`SY1ZS˜S ˜*U a*,1˜HL5M �1Y\U 3S,1˜S d –`\jW\a˜S L�`\–\,1™ZSV ;B5>MDL6M �d™S Z1a1+Sh*Z –`1Y* a,\Y Z\,\Y `\™S˜1Xd S Z\O,\U +`*cS S a1a˜`*Y* L5D �SY\˜1Ud :B5<MD L7M �1Y\U a1\–f\™S˜S –`1Y* [SY* V*\ ™* ZSad ™1\ –\`\™Sg1D�* V\U\U \™ \,1 ˜`S ˜*hV1 ˜`1+* Z*U,Sj1 ™* `*O

™SjH ı ..................................................................................

7D S4*4\,B �`Sf,*˜S˜S Z1U1™Z*V\ \–f\01[1t�\U \hdf U1 YZ\—\ ,Sj1 ,\W1\ a,\Ud ™1gd \™ Y1Z1 S

Y\U1 a1a˜`1rE V*31 �*`*D t�d–\,*\ SY U1 f`*Zd V\Ud ad,\W1WS S S4Z*UYXS,*\ eSWY\,1 V\U1 ad 31W1WS ™* —W1O™*UdD �,1 U1 hSZS\ a*Y\ ™* +S SY d—\™S\Dr �*V,* –`Sa˜O`*Z\a˜ U1 +\WZ*D "˜* Y\31 ™* –\Y\—Z1H �\Vdj*U ™*`*4dY1j 4*j˜\ ˜,\U* Y*c1Of* \™Z\aZ\ ˜,\U \hdf Z1 \a1Oc*Ud –`1Y* ˜1+S Sa˜\ j˜\ S–`1Y* a,\Y –`*,\Y ™1˜1˜dD�\3™* ZSU1 d –S˜*[d V`,Z\a`\™a˜,\E ,1c ˜\ j˜\ adYZ\—\ ˜\—* –`\jWS 4*U1™Z\D�* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E 4*` ZSaS S˜S –`SaZSUS a* a,\USY –`*O,SY `\™S˜1X1Y Z1—\ a Y*c1Of\Y \™Z\aZ\ \hdf\YH�*™*X1E –\a˜\US U1™Z* ,*O

3Z* `*4WSV* S4Y10d S™1ZO˜ShZ\— \™Z\a* S e1` \™Z\Oa*D �d™S SY*Ud `*4WShS˜1

= t�\XS U1 V`*U a˜,*`S Z1—\ –\h1˜*VD�\XS U1 \Z*U V\ U1 a˜`–XS, Z1—\ \Z*U

V\ U1 \f\Wr L�`\–\,1™ZSV ;B<M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙


�V\ 3S,Sj a Y*c1OfSZ\YN\hdf\,\Y ™1Og\Y ad–`\˜Z\— –\W*EY\31j a1 Z*cS –\™Y\`*WZSY –`S˜SaV\YD˛*˜\ –\a˜*,S 4S™ V*™ad d –S˜*[d a1Vad*WZ131X1 S ,\™S `*hdZ*™* ˜S \™1c* S –\Z*Oj*[1 Z1 +d™d –`\,\OV*˜S,ZSD

�˚� ��

WShZ\a˜S S `*4WShS˜1 –\˜`1+1D �`1Y* ˜\Y1E Z1Y\U ™*—W1™*j ™* WS a1 ˜,\U Z\,S `\™S˜1X –`1Y* ˜1+S \–f\™SS™1Z˜ShZ\ V*\ S –`1Y* a,\U\U ™1gSE ,1c ™* WS 4*™\,\OX*,* ˜,\U1 –\˜`1+1D�\U1 –\˜`1+1 ˜,\U Z\,S `\™S˜1X 4*™\,\X*,*H

ı..................................................................................................

� h1Yd SY*j \a1c*U ™* ˜S Z1 d™\,\X*,*H

..................................................................................................

�V\ \a1c*j ™* ˜S Z1 –`d3* Z1j˜\j˜\ ˜S U1 –\˜`1+OZ\E 4*j˜\ Z1 +S a –\j˜\,*[1Y –\`*4—\,*`*\ a [SY \˜\Y1H

’’ ˙`d—S +`*V Y\U1 Y*UV1 a1 `*a–*\D WS S ™*ZOO™*Z*a U* a*Y +WSaV* a Y\U\Y +`*c\Y S a1a˜O`*Y* S4 ˜\— +`*V*D �\ j˜\ ad a1 –\U*,SWS dY\Y3S,\˜dE +SW* U1 U1™Z* \™ Z*UW1–jSfa˜,*`S V\U1 ad YS a1 ™1aSW1‘‘ L�*`*M

�4—`*™Scd ,1c1 –\j˜\,*[1 –`1Y* a,\Y Z\,\Y`\™S˜1Xd ˜*V\ j˜\ cd SY*˜S Z* dYd aW1™1c1 ™\+`1a˜,*`S V\U1 \Z hSZS 4* Z*jd –\`\™SgdLZ*–SjS ™,1 ˜*V,1 a˜,*`SM

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�V\WSV\ ad Y\U* Z\,* +`*c* S a1a˜`1 fW*™ZS SWS—`d+S –`1Y* Y1ZSE U* cd –`SY1ZS˜S Z*h1W\ S4SYX*ZSY* 56B65 ˜*V\ j˜\ cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y –`*,\—SWS Z\,\— `\™S˜1X*

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�˜`–X1[1 a1 Sa–W*˜SI�+ShZ\ U1 –\˜`1+Z\ Z1V\WSV\

—\™SZ* –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ a1 S4—`*™S –`*O,\ –\,1`1[1 —™1 c1 a1 a,S hW*Z\,S –\`\™Sg1 \a1c*˜S\–dj˜1Z\D �1V ˜*™* `*4WShS˜1 Z*,SV1 S ,`1™Z\a˜SZ1c1 +S˜S –`1–`1V* Z\`Y*WZ\Y edZVgS\ZSa*[d –\O`\™Sg1D ˛*˜\ +d™S a˜`–XS,I �1Y\U \h1VS,*˜S ™* c1˜1a1 \™Y*f 4*,\W1˜S S ™* c1˜1 \™Y*f –\a˜*˜S f*`Y\OZShZ* g1WSZ*D�*™* a1 �\Y*a\,* Y*UV* –`1d™*W*E [1Yd U1E Z*U+W*O

31 `1h1Z\E +SW\ ˜1jV\D �1—\,* Y*UV* U1 –\`1™ [1—*SY*W* U\j ˜`\U1 ™1g1E * a*™* ad ˜d +SW1 S ˜`S \hdf\O,1 c1`V1D t�dVWS aY\ a1 S a,*0*WSD �SWS aY\ d 4*O˜1—Zd˜SY \™Z\aSY* S –\™ a˜`*jZSY 1Y\gS\Z*WZSY–`S˜SaV\YrE Z*–Sa*\ U1 �\Y*aD "˜* SY U1 –\Y\—W\ ™*˜\ Z* V`*Ud a*,W*™*UdH t�`SY1Z\Y +S+WSUaVSf Z*h1OW* a˜,*`S ad a1 –\–`*,SW1rE `1V*\ U1 \ZD

�–*U*[1 ™,1 –\`\™Sg1 U1–\–d˜ –`*,X1[* +1˜\Z*P –\˜`1+ZS ad ˜`d™ S ,`1Y1E*WS Z* V`*Ud Z*a˜*Z1aZ*3Z* S h,`a˜* ,14*

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� "˜* *V\ 3S,Sj a `\01Z\Y+`*c\Y S a1a˜`*Y*E * \ZS ˜1 S4Wd0dUdH


˘ \U1 a˜`*f\,1 \ a–*U*[d a ˜,\U\Y –\`\™Sg\YY\—d SY*˜S ˜,\U Z\,S `\™S˜1X S [1—\,* ™1g*H

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* `*4YSjX*j ™d—\`\hZ\\ \™Z\aSY* d a,\U\U Z\,\U –\`\™SgSH

"� � �˚��H

�˚�� +`*c* S a1a˜`1 ad ,1\Y* +WSaVSD �* –`SY1`E5=O—\™Sj[* �S\Z* V*31B t�\U* a1a˜`* �`1Z* SY*5: —\™SZ* S d+`*U*Y U1 Y10d a,\U1 Z*U+\X1 ™`d—*`SOg1Dr �*`\WSZ*E V\U* SY* 5; —\™SZ*E 4* a,\— 6>O—\™SOj[1— +`*˜* �SWS–* V*31B t�S a1 ad–1` aW*31Y\D�SV*™* a1 Z1 a,*0*Y\Dr� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E YZ\—S a1 Z1 Y\—d –\f,*WS˜S ™\O

+`SY \™Z\aSY* a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YE j˜\ U1 aWdh*U Sa �\`\Y S �*`SU\YD �\`* V*31B t�,*0*Y\ a1 a˜*WO

6

�*V\ ™*a1 +\X1aW*31Y

a +`*˜\Y Sa1a˜`\YH

�*V\ +S \–Sa*\ a,\U \™Z\aa +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YHıO �*U+\XS aY\ –`SU*˜1XSD

O �d aY\ V*™ 4*˜`1+*DO �`–SY\ a1DO �˜*WZ\ a1 a,*0*Y\D


Z\E h*V S \V\ aS˜ZSg*Dr�\3™* a1 Y\31j –\Sa˜\O,1˜S˜S a* 56O—\™Sj[\Y�WSa\YE V\U* 4* a,\— 58OO—\™Sj[1— +`*˜* ˙1ZSOa* V*31B t�Z Y1 S4WdO0dU1I �–*™* YS d a\+dS +14 –S˜*[* G–\4*UYXdOU1F Y\U1 a˜,*`SD �`*,\ U1™1`Sj˜1Ir˙* WS S ˜1+S +`*˜ S

a1a˜`* S™d Z* 3S,g1H˙\™dj1E 4* YS` d VdcSad \™—\,\`ZS `\™S˜1XSE*WS ˜S c1j –`1 SWS V*OaZSU1 Y\`*˜S ™* Z*dhSj™* a1 ™\+`\ aW*31j a ™`dO—SY*D �\`\™ShZ\ \V`d31[1

U1 S™1*WZ\ Y1a˜\ 4* ˜\D*4YSaWS \ a,*0*Y* a +`*˜\Y S

a1a˜`\YD "˜* U1 Z*Uh1jcS –\,\™H �\O—W1™*U ™\[S a–Sa*V S a˜*,S 4Z*V � –\`1™ \Z\—* j˜\˜1 Z*U,Sj1 S4Wd0dU1D

ı O �ShZ1 a˜,*`SD t�\4*UYXdU1r Y\U1 a˜,*`S +14–S˜*[*D

O �dV\+ WShZ\a˜SD �\a˜d–* a1+ShZ\ S Z1–`\OYSjX1Z\ SWS Z*a˜\US ™* d–`*,X* Y\USY 3SO,\˜\YD

O �`S,*˜Z\a˜D �W*4S d Y\Ud a\+d +14 Vdg*[*SWS hS˜* Y\U1 Y1UW\,1 S �� –\`dV1 +14 ™\O4,\W1D

O ˙`d—\ ...........................................................................

�*V\ ™* a1 +\X1 aW*31Y a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YH 41

˝1WSj WS ™* –\a˜*Z1j ˜*V\`1cS a˜`dh[*V d –`1–\O4Z*,*[d –`*,\— d4`\V* –`\+W1Y* S4Y10d ˜1+1 S ˜,\U1+`*c1 S a1a˜*`*H �Z™* –`\hS˜*U �ada\,\ –\`101[1 \aSZd V\US U1 \˜Sj*\ \™ Vdc1 S –`\˜`*cS\ a,\U1 Z*aW1™Oa˜,\ LdV* 59B55O76MD �+`*˜S –\a1+Zd –*3[d Z*`1*VgSUd a˜*`SU1— +`*˜* V*™* a1 [1—\, YW*0S +`*˜,`*˜S\ VdcSD ˛*˜SY \™—\,\`S Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*D

"˜* U1 +S\ –`\+W1Y V\US U1 S4*4,*\ `1*VgSUd a˜*`SU1—+`*˜*Hı .................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* U1 –\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[d +S\ –`*,S d4`\VH..................................................................................................

*V\ U1 \˜*g –\Vdj*\ ™* `1jS ˜*U –`\+W1YH

..................................................................................................

"˜* U1 ˜`1+*W\ ™* dhSZS a˜*`SUS +`*˜ V*V\ +S `1jS\–`\+W1YH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�*™* `*4YSaWS \ Z1™*,Z\U a,*0S a +`*˜\Y SWS a1a˜`\Y S4*–SjS \™—\,\`1 Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*D

"˜* U1 +S\ –`\+W1Y V\US U1 ™\,1\ ™\ a,*01H..................................................................................................

"˜* +S –\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[d Y\—*\ +S˜S –`*,S d4`\VH..................................................................................................

\U* –`*,SW* –\Z*j*[* +Sa˜1 4*U1™Z\ Y\—WS –\a˜*,S˜SV*V\ +Sa˜1 `1jSWS ˜*U –`\+W1Y S a–`1hSWS +d™dc1a,*01H

..................................................................................................

\˜V`SU –`*,S d4`\V –`\+W1Y*


�V\ ˜S +`*˜ S a1a˜`* a˜*WZ\ aV*hd –\ 3S,gSY*P +SW\ ˜*V\ j˜\ d,1V —WdY1 Z1V\— j1e* SWS Z*`dOj*,*Ud ˜,\Ud –`S,*˜Z\a˜ P Y\3™* ˜S U1 ˜1jV\ ™*\+d4™*j —Z1,D �WS U1™Z* +S+WSUaV* –\aW\,Sg* V*31Bt�*™ a1 d™*`S Z\aE –\˜1h1 V`,E * V*™ a1 ™* \™djV*—Z1,dE Z*a˜*Z1 a,*0*r L�\aW\,Sg1 7>B77MD �*\ j˜\d™*`*g d Z\a —\˜\,\ aS—d`Z\ ,\™S ™\ V`,*`1[*E ˜*V\S ™d—\˜`*UZ* Xd˜[* ,\™S ™\ S4WS,* —Z1,*E * ˜\ a*Y\–\,1c*,* –`\+W1Y1 L�\aW\,Sg1 6:B65MD �*V\ Y\31ja–`1hS˜S ™* 4+\— Z1h1—* j˜\ ˜1 Z1`,S`* S4+SU1 31Oa˜\V* a,*0*H �`,S V\`*V U1 ™* \˜V`SU1j –`*,S d4`\V–`\+W1Y*D

�`\+W1Y S d4`\V�`\+W1YS S4Y10d ™1g1 d –\`\™SgS Y\—d a1 d–\`1O

™S˜S a +d+dXSg*Y*D �–\X* —W1™*Z\E ˜\ ad `d3Z1 +\WOZ1 ˜*hVSg1 Z* V\3SE *WS d4`\V U1 SZe1VgSU* V\U* a1Z1 ,S™SD �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E a,*0* S4Y10d +`*c1 S a1a˜*`*h1a˜\ U1 a*Y\ –\V*4*˜1X Z1V\— aV`S,1Z\— d4`\V*D�\3™* +S Y\—*\ –\Vdj*˜S ™* a1 `1jSj +d+dXSg1

˜*V\ j˜\ +S U1 Sag1™S\D �10d˜SYE ˜SY1 +S a1 –\4*O+*,S\ a*Y\ aSY–˜\YSY* S Y\—*\ +S ˜S \a˜*˜S \3SOX*V SWS +S a1 SZe1VgSU* Y\—W* –\—\`j*˜SD �\X1+S +SW\ W1hS˜S SZe1VgSUd S ˜*V\ a–`1hS˜S –\U*,dZ\,Sf +d+dXSg*D �WShZ\ U1 S a Z1ad—W*aSg*Y* V\U1SY*j a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YD �*dhS ™* 4*–*3*j –`*,Sd4`\V –`\+W1Y*E –* a1 Z1c1j ˜\WSV\ +*,S˜S a*YSY

–`\+W1Y\Y ,1c [1—\,SY d4`\V\YD �*V\01 c1jY\cS ™* –`SY1ZSj a*,1˜ Yd™`\— V`*X* �\OW\Y\Z*B t*4dY1,*[1 h\,1V* 4*™`3*,* \™—Z1,*r L�\aW\,Sg1 5=B55MD

�`\+W1YS Y10d +`*c\Y Sa1a˜`*Y* ad –\–d˜ +d+dXSg*P ™* +S Sf \˜VW\ZS\E ˜`1+*™* a1 –\4*+*,Sj –`*,SYd4`\V\YE * Z1 a*Y\aSY–˜\YSY*

*™* a1 +d™1j \a*Y\Oa˜*WS\E –\Z1V*™ c1j+S˜S \V`d31Z Xd™SY*V\US c1 ˜1 Z1`,S`*˜SP V\W1—*Y* S ™`d—SOY* V\US Y\—d +S˜S—`d+SE +14\a1c*UZS Sa1+ShZSD � –\`\™SgSY\31j Z*dhS˜S ™*YS`Z\ `1j*,*j ˜*V,1aS˜d*gSU1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�* –`SY1`E `*ZSU1 a–\Y1Zd˜* �WSa* `1VW* U1 \a,\Y +`*˜d ˙1ZSadB t�–*™* d Y\Ud a\+d S G–\4*UYXdU1Fa˜,*`S +14 –S˜*[*Dr �\ U1 –`\+W1YD �* S–*VE j˜* YSOaWSj ™* U1 –`*,S d4`\VH �hS—W1™Z\ ˜\ SY* ,141 a –\Oj˜\,*[1YD �WSa* +S Y\—W* `1jS˜S –`\+W1Y ˜*V\j˜\ +S a,\Y +`*˜d 4*+`*ZSW* ™* ,Sj1 SV*™* dW*4S d[1Zd a\+d S d4SY* [1Z1 a˜,*`SD �WS ˜\ +S a*Y\ W1OhSW\ aSY–˜\Y1 S ,1`\,*˜Z\ ™\,1W\ ™\ ™*X[Sf `*4OYS`Sg*D �10d˜SYE *V\ Yd –\Y\—Z1 ™* d,S™S ™* U1 ,*O3Z\ ™* –\j˜dU1 [1Zd –`S,*˜Z\a˜ S [1Z1 a˜,*`SE[Sf\, \™Z\a c1 a1 Z1adY[S,\ –\+\Xj*˜SD

�*dhS ™* `1j*,*j S S4+1—*,*j adV\+1�*`*,Z\E \˜V`S,*[1 d4`\V* –`\+W1Y* V\US –\a˜\O

US S4Y10d ˜1+1 S ˜,\— +`*˜* S a1a˜`1 a*Y\ U1 –\h1˜*VD"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™Sj V*V\ +S `1jS\ ˜*U –`\+W1Y Sa–`1hS\ +d™dc1 adV\+1H �\Vdj*U ™* –`SY1ZSj Z*O`1™ZSf j1a˜ a*,1˜*D5D ˛*U1™Z\ –\a˜*,S˜1 Z1V* –`*,SW* –\Z*j*[*D

�\—W1™*U j˜* aS Z*–Sa*\ V*\ d4`\V adV\+* a +`*O˜\Y S a1a˜`\YD S™S ™* WS Y\31˜1 4*U1™Z\ aYSOaWS˜S –`*,SW* \V\ V\USf c1˜1 a1 aW\3S˜S S V\U* c1

,*Y –\Y\cS ™* a1 –\4*+*,SO˜1 d4`\V\Y –`\+W1Y*D �`SOY1`* `*™SE *V\ a1 a,*0*˜14+\— WShZSf a˜,*`SE –`,\–`*,SW\ +S Y\—W\ —W*aS˜SBt�,1V –S˜*U –`1 Z1—\ j˜\d4Y1j Z1j˜\ j˜\ –`S–*™*™`d—\U \a\+SDr �`*,SW\ +`\U™,* +S Y\—W\ +S˜SB t�\Oj˜dU –`*,\ ™`d—1 \a\+1 ™*V*31B G�1E Z1 Y\31j ˜\ d41O˜SDF r ˙\V 4*U1™Z\ aYSjX*O˜1 \,*V,* –`*,SW*E d4YS˜1d \+4S` �ada\,d 4*–\,1a˜Bt�,1E ™*VW1E j˜\ 31WS˜1 ™*


Xd™S hSZ1 ,*Y*E hSZS˜1 S ,S [SY*r L�*˜1U ;B56MD�*V\ c1˜1 aYSaWS˜S –`*,SW* V\USf a1 \+\U1 Y\31˜1–`S™`3*,*˜SD ˛*˜SY 4*Y\WS˜1 `\™S˜1X1 ™* Sf –\O—W1™*Ud S V*3d ™* WS a1 aW*3d L˚e1j*ZSY* :B5MD6D � ˜S a1 –`S™`3*,*U Sa˜Sf –`*,SW*D �–\a˜\W

�*,W1 U1 Z*–Sa*\B t˛*`E ™*VW1E ˜S V\US dhSj ™`d—1EZ1 dhSj a*Y\— a1+1H ˛*` ˜SE V\US –`\–\,1™*jB G�1dV`*™SFE V`*™1jHr LSYX*ZSY* 6B65MD �*V\ Y\31j–`SY1ZS˜S \,\ Z*h1W\H �* –`SY1`E *V\ 31WSj ™*˜,\U* +`*c* S a1a˜`1 –\j˜dUd ˜,\Ud –`S,*˜Z\a˜E \Z™*S ˜S ˜`1+* ™* Vdg*j –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ d01j d [Sf\,da\+dE V*\ S ™* –S˜*j aY1j WS ™* –\—W1™*j [Sf\,1Y1UW\,1 S hS˜*j �� –\`dV1D7D �1Y\U a1 +`4\ ,`10*˜SD ˛*j˜\ U1 ˜\ ™\+*` a*O

,1˜H �*\ j˜\ U1™Z* +S+WSUaV* –\aW\,Sg* V*31Etd,`1™XS,\a˜ –\hS,* d Z1™`SY* +14dYZSfr L�`\–\O,1™ZSV ;B=MD �V\ a1 +`4\ ,`10*jE d,1V c1j +S˜S Z1Oa`1c*ZD �*`*,Z\E ˜,\U +`*˜ S a1a˜`* c1 aS—d`Z\ `1cSSWS d`*™S˜S Z1j˜\ j˜\ c1 ˜1 Z*Xd˜S˜SD �WS 4*O–S˜*U a1B G˙* WS a*Y U* `*ZSU1 d`*™S\ ˜*V\ Z1j˜\[1Yd SWS [\UHF L�*˜1U ;B5O9MD t�*™* a*Y SY*W* 57 —\O™SZ*E YSaWSW* a*Y ™* a*Yad–1` e*g*rE V*31 *Z*Et™* U1 Y\U1 YSjX1[1 Z*U,*O3ZSU1 S ™* —* ™`d—S Y\`*Uda*aWdj*˜SD �\U* a1a˜`Sg*a*™* –`\W*4S V`\4 aWShZde*4dD ˛*˜\ Z*a˜\USY ™* a1Z1 d4+d0dU1Y –`1,Sj1 4+\—\Z\—* j˜\ V*31Dr8D �–`\a˜S S 4*+\`*,SD

� \4+SXZSY –`\+W1YSY*

= t�1V* ,*j* `*4dYZ\a˜ +d™1 –\4Z*˜*a,SY Xd™SY*r LSWS–X*ZSY* 8B9M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* a1 +\X1 aW*31Y a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YH 45

�V\ SY*j +`*cd S a1aO˜`1 a V\USY* ˜S U1 ˜1jV\™* a1 aW\3SjE —W1™*U ˜\a –\4S˜S,Z1 a˜`*Z1D �ZS˜S 4*–`*,\ –\Y*3d ™*Z*dhSj ,*3Z1 3S,\˜Z1W1VgSU1 V\U1 c1 ˜S YZ\O—\ V\`Sa˜S˜SI

�˚� ��

˜`1+* `*4—\,*`*˜S S `1j*,*˜S SfD �WSE Y\`*j WS–`\4S,*˜S a,\— +`*˜* S a1a˜`d a,*VS –d˜ V*™* –\—`1Oj1H 1f\,* �\— a1 `*™dU1 V*™* aS a–`1Y*Z ™* G–`101j–`1V\ –`1a˜d–*F L�\aW\,Sg1 5=B55MD �ZS˜*E V\U* SY*5= —\™SZ*E V*31B t�\U* a1a˜`* *f1W* S U* \+ShZ\W*V\ `1j*,*Y\ Z1ad—W*aSg1D �+1 SY*Y\ Z*,SVd ™*a1 +`4\ S4,SZSY\ S 4*˜SY \+U*aZSY\ 4+\— h1—* YSOaWSY\ ™* U1 ™\jW\ ™\ Z1ad—W*aSg1D �\Z1V*™ –da˜SY™* –`\+W1Y –`1Z\cS S h1a˜\ YS U1 ad˜`*™*Z YZ\—\W*Vj1 ™* –`101Y –`1V\ a,1—*D �*V Z1Y*Y –\˜`1+d ZS™* `*4—\,*`*Y \ ˜\Y1Dr9D ˛*˜`*3S –\Y\c `\™S˜1X*D �V\ ˜S S ˜,\U +`*˜ S

a1a˜`* Z1 da–1˜1 ™* a1 aW\3S˜1 \V\ Z1V1 ,*3Z1 a˜,*O`SE Y\3™* ,*Y `\™S˜1XS Y\—d –\Y\cS LSYX*ZSY*

’’ �1V1 \™ Z*UW1–jSf da–\Y1Z* ,14dUd Y1 4*Y\— +`*˜* S a1a˜`dD �ZSY* V\US SY*Ud +`*˜*SWS a1a˜`d –\`dhSW* +SfB G�d™S˜1 a`1cZSj˜\ Sf SY*˜1I‘‘‘ L�*`SZ*M

�1V* –`*,SW* –\Z*j*[* \V\ V\USf +Sf a1Y\—*\ aW\3S˜S a* a,\U\Y +`*c\Y S a1a˜`*Y* ad

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�*[1 cd SY ScS Z* 3S,g1 *V\

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

58B5=MD �10d˜SYE d–*Y˜S ™* U1 `1j*,*[1 adV\+* +14–\Y\cS `\™S˜1X* 4Z*V –`*,1 4`1W\a˜SD:D ˛*–*3*U ™\+`1 \a\+SZ1 a,\U1 +`*c1 S a1a˜*`*D

�,\U* +`*c* S a1a˜`1 aS—d`Z\ SY*Ud a,\U1 ™\+`1 a˜`*OZ1D �,™1 4*–SjS \Z\ j˜\ ˜S a1 ™\–*™* V\™ a,*V\— \™[SfD

�Y1 �Z\j˜\ YS a1 ™\–*™*

ı ...................................... ......................................................

....................................... ......................................................

....................................... ......................................................

....................................... ......................................................

�1Y\U +S˜S –`1,Sj1 4*\Vd–X1Z Y*Z*Y* a,\U1 +`*Oc1 S a1a˜*`*E ,1c 4*–*3*U [Sf\,1 +\X1 a˜`*Z1E * 4*O˜SY SY `1gS V\U* ˜S a1 [Sf\,* \a\+SZ* Z*`\hS˜\a,S0* L�a*W*Y 57>B7C �\aW\,Sg1 59B67MD� �S+WSUS a1 –`S4Z*U1 ™* Z*Y +`*c* S a1a˜`1 Y\O

3™* Z1c1 d,1V +S˜S Z*U+WS3S –`SU*˜1XS L�\aW\,SOg1 5<B68MD �WS Y\31j \U*h*˜S –`SU*˜1Xa˜,\ a [SY**V\ –`1W*4Sj –`1V\ [Sf\,Sf –`\–da˜* h*V S V*™*–\a˜\US \–`*,™*Z `*4W\— ™* a1 Z*Xd˜Sj L�\W\j*ZSOY* 7B57MD �V\ ˜\ +d™1j hSZS\E Y*[1 c1 ˜S ScS Z*3S,g1 [Sf\,S –\a˜d–gSD � S ˜S c1j [Sf Y*[1 Z1`O,S`*˜SI

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� *V\ ™* –`\g1ZSj V*™* aS4*Sa˜* a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 \™a1WSj \™ Vdc1H

�*V\ ™* a1 +\X1 aW*31Y a +`*˜\Y S a1a˜`\YH 47

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* d\hSj `*4WSVd S4Y10d–`\+W1Y* S [1—\,\— –`*,\— d4`\V*H

˘ \U1 ad W1–1 a˜`*Z1 ˜\—* j˜\ SY*j +`*cdS a1a˜`1H

"� � �˚��H

*V\, S [1—\, +`*˜ �a*, —\™SZ*Y* ZSad –`Sh*WSD�a˜,*`SE �a*, U1 Y`41\ *V\,*D �*V\ *V\, ZSU1 dhSOZS\ ZSj˜* –\—`1jZ\E S–*V U1 –`1™d41\ –`,S V\`*V™* +S –`1Y\a˜S\ ˜*U U*4D �S\ U1 a–`1Y*Z Z* da˜d–V1D�1—\, gSX ZSU1 +S\ ™* –\+1™S d a,*0SE ,1c ™* 4*™\O+SU1 +`*˜\,d Z*VW\Z\a˜D �Z ZSU1 –`1V`jS\ a,\U* Y1O`SW*E *WS ZSU1 ZS SZaSa˜S`*\ Z* S4,S[1[d –`1 Z1—\j˜\ a1 –\YS`S\ a +`*˜\Y L�\a˜*Z*V 69B6;O78C6;B7>O85C 76B7O66C 77B5O=MD�*V\ ˜S `1j*,*j –`\+W1Y1 a hW*Z\,SY* a,\U1 –\O

`\™Sg1H �\Z1V*™ c1j Y\3™* YSaWS˜S ™* aS a˜\ –\Oa˜\ d –`*,dE * ™* U1 Z1VS hW*Z ˜,\U1 –\`\™Sg1 d –\˜O–dZ\U 4*+Wd™SD ˙* WS ˜*™* h1V*j ™* \ZS Z*–`*,1–`,S V\`*VH �WS –\a˜d–*j –\–d˜ *V\,*H �*™* a1Z1 V`jS ZSU1™Z\ +S+WSUaV\ Y1`SW\E ™* WS c1j +S˜Sa–`1Y*Z ™* `*™S YS`* dhSZSj Z1V1 da˜d–V1H L5D �1O˜`\,* 7B<E =MD *V\, ZSU1 ™\–da˜S\ ™* –\Z\a ™\,1™1 ™\–\™1W* d [1—\,\U –\`\™SgSD �Z a1 –\ZS4S\ S –\Z\,\4*™\+S\ Z*VW\Z\a˜ a,\— +`*˜*D ˙* WS c1j S ˜S Sa˜\dhSZS˜S a hW*Z\,SY* a,\U1 –\`\™Sg1H

�˛�� ˚˙��"�

�*V\,

˝˚��™* a1 \™,\USj \™ `\™S˜1X* Y\31 a1 U*,S˜S YZ\O—\ –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ aS a–`1Y*Z 4* ˜\D �*V,* 31X* U1 a*Oa,SY Z\`Y*WZ*D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E V*\ j˜\ aY\ ,S™1WSd 7D –\—W*,XdE �\— U1 \™ a*Y\— –\h1˜V* 31W1\ ™* a1 ™1g*V*™* \™`*a˜d \™,\U1 \™ `\™S˜1X* S 4*aZdUd a,\Ud –\O`\™Sgd L�\a˜*Z*V 6B67E 68C �*`V\ 5>B;E <MD �10d˜SYEV*V\ Y\31j +S˜S aS—d`*Z ™* aS 4*Sa˜* a–`1Y*Z 4* a*OY\a˜*W*Z 3S,\˜H �aY\˜`S ˜`S ,*3Z* –S˜*[* Z* V\U*˜`1+* ™* \™—\,\`SjD �`,\ U1DD D

7

˙* WS a*Ya–`1Y*Z ™*a1 \™a1WSY

\™ Vdc1H

t�\Z1V*™ \a1c*Y ™* Y1 Xd™S a*3*XS,\ —W1™*UdU1` U\j d,1V 3S,SY a `\™S˜1XSY*E V*\ ™* Z1cd+S˜S \™`*aW* \a\+* ™\V a1 Z1 \a*Y\a˜*WSYrL�1˜SM

t�`4SY j˜\ Z1 Y\—d ™* 3S,SY \Z*V\ V*V\ U* ˜\31WSYD �*4YSjX*Y \ \™W*aVd \™ Vdc1r L˚YSWSM

˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 \™a1WSY \™ Vdc1H 49

˛*j˜\ 31WSY ™* \™1Y \™ Vdc1H�\—W1™*U \,*U a–Sa*VD �\`10*U –\ ,*3Z\a˜S `*4W\—1

4+\— V\USf 31WSj ™* a1 \a*Y\a˜*WSjDı ...... �1— \™ –\`\™ShZSf –`\+W1Y*

...... 1c* aW\+\™*

...... ˝1X* ™* +d™1j ,1cS d \hSY* –`SU*˜1X*

...... �4W*31[1 d ada`1˜ –`SU*˜1Xd V\Y U1 –\˜`1+*Z gSY1`

...... \W\Z˜1`aVS `*™ d Z1V\Y ™`d—\Y Y1a˜d

...... �˜Sg*[1 SaVda˜,*

...... ˝1X* ™* Z1 +d™1Y `\™S˜1XSY* Z* ˜1`1˜

...... ˙`d—\ .................................................

�*,1™1ZS `*4W\4S a*YS –\ a1+S ZSad W\jSE *WS U1 ,*O3Z\ ™* ™\+`\ `*4YSaWSj 4*j˜\31WSj ™* \™1j \™ Vdc1D�* –`SY1`E *V\ ˜\ hSZSj 4*˜\ j˜\ 31WSj ™* –\+1—Z1j\™ \—`*ZSh1[*E \Z™* ˜S ,1`\,*˜Z\ aW1™S GfW*™*Z ˜djFI˙*ZSU1W* U1 Z1V\ ,`1Y1 3S,1W* a*Y* V*™* U1 SY*O

W* 6> —\™SZ*D �4 ˜\— SaVda˜,* U1 YZ\—\ Z*dhSW*D �Z*V*31B t�SV\ Z1 Y\31 ™* `*™S +*j a,1 j˜\ f\c1D �*™*3S,Sj a*YE `*™Z\ ,`1Y1 SWS Z1™\a˜*˜*V Z\,g* ™SVO˜S`*c1 V\WSV\ ˜\—* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjDr �*`Y1ZE V\U*U1 j1a˜ Y1a1gS 3S,1W* d SZ\a˜`*Za˜,dE V*31B t�SW\YS U1 a˜,*`Z\ W1–\E *WS h1a˜\ a*Y SY*W* \a1c*U ™* Z1OY*Y ZS ˜`dZVd aW\+\™Z\— ,`1Y1Z*I �\`*W* a*Y ™* \+*O,X*Y d\+Sh*U1Z1 VdcZ1 –\aW\,1 P ™* hSa˜SY a˜*ZE–\–`*,X*Y a˜,*`SE a`10dU1Y ™,\`Sj˜1E –1`1Y \™1cdE`S+*Y S ˜*V\ ™*X1Dr�˜\—*E Z1Y\U ™\4,\WS˜S ™* ˜1 ™`d—S Z*,1™d ™* +`4\O

–W1˜\ ™\Z1a1j \™WdVd \ \™W*aVd \™ Vdc1 L�\aW\,Sg16=B6>MD �*V S *V\ SY*j \–`*,™*Z1 `*4W\—1 4* ˜\E –\O˜`1+Z\ U1 ,Sj1 \™ ™\+`Sf Z*Y1`*D �\`*j +S˜S a–\a\O+*Z ™* +`SZ1j \ a1+SE j˜\ Z*a ,\™S ™\ aW1™1c1— –S˜*O

[*DDD

˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*ZH�*Y\a˜*W*Z 3S,\˜ a1 Y\O

31 d–\`1™S˜S a ,Sj1™Z1,OZSY S4W1˜\Y d Z1˜*VZd˜d–`S`\™dD ˙* WS +S a1 d–dOa˜S\ d ˜*V*, –\™df,*˜ dV\OWSV\ Z1 +S 4Z*\ ™* –\a˜*O


�*4W\— 4+\— V\— a1a1WSj \™ Vdc1 Y\31d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜\ V\WSV\c1j +S˜S a`1c*Z V*™a1 \a*Y\a˜*WSjD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

,Sjj*˜\`E 4*–*WSj ,*˜`dE –`S–`1YSj Z1VS \+`\V SV\`Sa˜Sj —1\—`*eaVd V*`˜dH �S—d`Z\ Z1 +SI �* S–*VEYZ\—S YW*™S \™W*41 \™ Vdc1 S*V\ Y*W\ ˜\—* 4Z*Ud \ ,\O01[d ™\Y*cSZa˜,*D�d™`S V`*X �\W\Y\Z U1 `1V*\ ™* G–*Y1˜*Z –*4S Z*

a,\U1 V\`*V1F L�\aW\,Sg1 58B59MD ˙* +S –`\,1`S\ ™* WSaS a–`1Y*Z 4* a*Y\a˜*W*Z 3S,\˜E `*4YSaWS \ –\™`dhOUSY* V\U* c1Y\ a*™* Z*,1a˜SD �˜*,S 4Z*V � –\`1™ \Z\O—* d h1Yd aS da–1j*Z S 4Z*V � –\`1™ \Z\—* Z* h1Yd U\j˜`1+* ™* `*™SjD

O *a–\W*—*[1 Z\,g1YD t�SV*™* ZSa*Y ZSj˜* –W*Oc*W* a*Y*rE V*31 5=O—\™Sj[* �*Z1W*D t�W*jSY a1 ™*3S,SY \™,\U1Z\ \™ `\™S˜1X* S ™* a*Y* `*a–\W*31YZ\,g1YDr �*V\ Y\31j a˜1cS ˜d ,1j˜SZdH 1™Z* +S+WSUaV* –\aW\,Sg* V*31B t�d™*` c1 aWdj*O

˜S S ,Sj1 c1 Z*dhS˜Sr L�\aW\,Sg1 5B9MD ˛*j˜\ Z1 –SO˜*j `\™S˜1X1 V\WSV\ 4* U1™Zd \a\+d \˜–`SWSV1 S4Z\Oa1 Y1a1hZS ˜`\jV\,S 4* a˜*Z*`SZdE f`*ZdE *d˜\Y\+SWSWS ™`d—S ,S™ –`1,\4*H ˛*˜SY Sf 4*Y\WS ™* ˜S –\Y\—OZd ™* `*a–\`1™Sj a,\U Z\,*g S –W*˜Sj `*hdZ1D�

O dcZS –\aW\,SD �1™*YZ*1a˜\—\™Sj[S �`*U*ZV*31 ™* c1 YdE V*™* a1 \™a1WSE Z*U˜131 –*a˜S ™*a*Y –1`1 ,1jD �*V\ Y\31j 4Z*˜S ™* WS aS a–`1Y*Z

™* +`SZ1j \ a1+SH �—[1ZE V\USSY* 6> —\™SZ*E –`1™W*31 aW1O™1c1B t�\Vdj*U ™* Z1™1Xd ™*Z*

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 5=D –\—W*,XdD

= t�\,1V �c1 \a˜*,S˜S a,\— \g*S a,\Ud Y*UVdr L�*˜1U 5=B9M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�™W*4*V \™ Vdc1 U1 –\–d˜S4W1˜* d –`S`\™dP –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ V`1Z1jZ* –d˜E Y\`*j 4Z*˜S ™*–`13S,Sj d ™S,XSZS

˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 \™a1WSY \™ Vdc1H 51

3S,Sj V*\ ™* ZSaS a `\™S˜1XSY*D �*Y Vd–dU f`*Zd Sa*Y U1 –`S–`1Y*UD �\aS \™1cd V\Ud aS a*Y \–`*\ S Sa–1O—W*\D �*Y \+*,X*U VdcZ1 –\aW\,1D �V\ Z1—™1 ˜`1+* ™*S™1jE ˜S a1 –\+`SZS 4* –`1,\4E Z1 ˜`*31cS \™ `\™SO˜1X* ™* ˜1 Z1—™1 \™+*g1 SWS ™\0d –\ ˜1+1Dr �V\WSV\–`SY1ZSj \,*U –`1™W\—E SY*c1j ™,\a˜`dVd V\`Sa˜BL5M a˜1cS c1j ,`1™Z1 ,1j˜SZ1 S L6M ,Sj1 c1j g1ZS˜S\Z\ j˜\ ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS hSZ1D

O �10dXd™aVS \™Z\aSD ˙* WS a1 ™\+`\ aW*31j a `\O™S˜1XSY*E +`*c\Y S a1a˜`*Y*H �V\ Z1E Y\3™* YSOaWSj ™* c1 ˜S 3S,\˜ +S˜S W*VjS V*™* +d™1j a˜*Z\O,*\ a Z1VSY –`SU*˜1X1YD �WSE `*4YSaWS \ \Z\Y1 j˜\V*31 5<O—\™Sj[* ˚,*B t˙,1 Y\U1 –`SU*˜1XSg1 ad a1 ™\O—\,\`SW1 ™* a˜*ZdUd 4*U1™Z\D ˙\ ˜*™* ad +SW1 Z*U+\X1™`d—*`Sg1E *WS V*™* ad –\h1W1 ™* ™1W1 a˜*Z U1™Z\a˜*,OZ\ ZSad Y\—W1 ™* a1 aW\31D 1™Z* U1 +SW* d`1™Z*E ™`dO—* ZSU1D 1™Z\U U1 ™df\,Z\a˜ +SW* ,1\Y* ,*3Z*E ™\V

™`d—\U ZSU1 ˜\WSV\ 4Z*hSW*D 1™Z\a˜*,Z\ a1 ZSad dVW\–SOW1Ir"˜* U1 \Z™* `1j1[1H �a*YO

Z*1a˜\—\™Sj[* �`1Z* V*31Bt˙\V aS U\j V\™ Vdc1E Y\31j–dZ\ Z*dhS˜S \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ ™*a1 ™\+`\ aW*31j a ™`d—SY*D�hSj V*V\ ™* `1j*,*j –`\O+W1Y1 S hSZSj da˜d–V1D �`SOY1˜SW* a*Y ™* \ZS V\US \™W*O41 \™ Vdc1 ™* +S S4+1—WS a,*01a `\™S˜1XSY* dh1 ™* +131 \™–`\+W1Y*E * Z1 ™* Sf `1j*,*OUdDr

’’ �\`Y*WZ\ U1 j˜\31WSj ™* +d™1jZ14*,Sa*ZD WS *V\ 31WSj ™* \™1j \™ Vdc1a*Y\ ™* +S –\+1—*\ \™ –`*,SW*E \Z™* ˜\–\V*4dU1 ™* d a˜,*`S S ZSaS a–`1Y*Z4* \™W*4*V \™ Vdc1‘‘ L`\ZM


�1™Z\ ,`1Y1 –W*c*U`\™S˜1XSY* aY1j˜*UEf`*Zd S ™`d—1 ˜`\jV\O,1D �V\WSV\ Z1 Y\O31j SWS Z1 31WSj ™*a*Y a1+1 S4™`3*,*j™\V aS V\™ Vdc1E \Z™*a1 Z1 Y\31 `1cS ™* aSa–`1Y*Z 4* a*Y\a˜*OW*Z 3S,\˜D

�˚� ��

O ˙df\,Z1 *V˜S,Z\a˜SD �1VS \™W*41 \™ Vdc1 ™*+S –\+1—WS \™ ™df\,ZSf *V˜S,Z\a˜S a,\USf `\™S˜1X*D˙`d—S ad d –\h1˜Vd h,`a˜\ `1j1ZS ™* 4*™`31 ™\+`1 Z*O,SV1 –`\dh*,*[* �S+WSU1 S ™* aWd31 �\—dE *WS d+`4\d–W\,1 d W\j1 ,\™1D �*V\ Y\31j S4+1cS t+`\™\W\Y,1`1rH� L5D �SY\˜1Ud 5B5=MD 1f\,* �\— 31WS ™* a,*V\ \™ Z*a +d™1 aS—d`*Z d \Z\

d j˜* ,1`dU1 LSYX*ZSY* 56B5E 6MD ˛*˜\ a1 –\+`SZS ™*`1™\,Z\ –`\dh*,*j �S+WSUd S dh1a˜,dU d ™`d—SY *VO˜S,Z\a˜SY* ,14*ZSY 4* aWd31[1 �\—dD ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S Z*V*W1Z™*` 4*–Sa*\ V*™* c1j ˜\V\Y Y1a1g* SY*˜S a,\OU1 WShZ\ –`\dh*,*[1E V*™* c1j ScS Z* a*a˜*ZV1 Sdh1a˜,\,*˜S d aWd3+S –`\–\,1™*[*H ˛*˜SY —W1™*U ™*a1 –`S™`3*,*j a,\— –W*Z*E Z1 \h1VdUdcS –`S ˜\Y ™*˜1 `\™S˜1XS –\™a1c*UdD�a˜*W\ U1 U\j U1™Z\ –S˜*[1 Z* V\U1 ˜`1+* ™* \™—\,\O

`SjDDD

"˜* YS U1 gSXH˙* WS a1 a1WSj \™ Vdc1 ™* +S –\+1—*\ \™ –`\+W1Y*H

˙* +S a1 \aW\+\™S\ `\™S˜1XaV\— *d˜\`S˜1˜*H �V\ U1˜,\U \™—\,\` –\˜,`™*ZE \Z™* V*\ ™* a1 a˜*WZ\ \a,`c1jZ* \Z\ j˜\ 31WSj ™* \a˜*,Sj S4* a1+1E * Z1 —W1™*jZ*–`1™E Z* \Z\ j˜\ 31WSj ™* –\a˜S—Z1jD �\ U1 V*\ ™*–\Vdj*,*j ™* ,\4SjE * a˜*WZ\ —W1™*j d `1˜`\,S4\`

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 78D S79D –\—W*,XdD

�a–`*,*Z `*4W\— 4+\— V\— 31WSY ™* a1\™a1WSY \™ Vdc1 U1

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

P ˜\WSV\ aS 4*\Vd–X1Z \ZSY j˜\ \a˜*,X*j S4* a1+1™* Z1 ,S™Sj \Z\ j˜\ U1 Sa–`1™D "˜* Y\31j Z*dhS˜SS4 \,\— –`SY1`*H �1Y\U a1 a*Y\ V\Zg1Z˜`Sa*˜S Z* ˜\™* a1 \™a1WSj \™ Vdc1 ,1c –\a˜*,S a1+S Z1VS ,`1™*ZgSX S ˜13S 4* [SYD�1VS YW*™S –dZ\W1˜ZS 1f\,SZS a,1™\gS \˜SjWS ad

\™ Vdc1 ™* +S –`\–\,1™*WS d ™`d—SY Y1a˜SY* d a,\U\U41YXSE SWS h*V d SZ\a˜`*Za˜,dD ˙`d—S \™W*41 ™* –\OY\—Zd d S4—`*™[S \+U1V*˜* d V\USY* �,1™\gS \™`3*O,*Ud a*a˜*ZV1E SWS ™* +S `*™SWS d Z1V\U \™ –\™`d3ZSOg* 1f\,SZSf a,1™\V*D �Y* S \ZSf V\US aY*˜`*Ud ™*–`1 a˜d–*[* d +`*V ˜`1+* ™* Z1V\ ,`1Y1 3S,1 a*YSD��14 \+4S`* 4*j˜\ 31WSj ™* a1 \™a1WSj \™ Vdc1E ™\O

+`\ `*4YSaWS –`1 Z1—\j˜\ ™\Z1a1j ˜*V,d\™WdVdD t˛*OYSaWS Y*`XS,\— h\,1V* aS—d`Z\ ™\Z\a1 V\`Sa˜rE V*31U1™Z* +S+WSUaV* –\aW\,Sg*E t* V\ U1 —\™ +`4\–W1˜ aSO—d`Z\ a`X* d \aVd™Sgdr L�\aW\,Sg1 65B9MD �Wdj*U a*O,1˜1 `\™S˜1X* L�\aW\,Sg1 67B66MD �\WS a1 �\—dD �aSY˜\—*E V*™* ™\Z\aSj \™WdVdE d4YS d \+4S` S +S+WSUaV*Z*h1W* V\U* aY\ \,™1 \aY\˜`SWSD˙* 4*VXdhSY\E Z*U,*3ZSU1 –S˜*[1 ZSU1B G˙* WS a*Y

a–`1Y*Z ™* a1 \™a1WSY \™ Vdc1HF ,1c G˙* WS a*Y a–`1OY*Z ™* a1 +`SZ1Y \ a1+SHF �V\WSV\ Z* ™`d—\ –S˜*[1 \™O—\,\`Sj –\˜,`™Z\E \Z™* aS Y\3™* a–`1Y*Z 4* a*Y\Oa˜*W*Z 3S,\˜D

� �Z1VSY 41YX*Y* U1 d\+Sh*U1Z\ ™* ™1g*E Z*`\hS˜\ c1`V1E 3S,1a `\™S˜1XSY* ™\V Z1 4*aZdUd a,\Ud –\`\™SgdD �S+WSU* Z1 –`d3*V\ZV`1˜Z1 aY1`ZSg1 d ˜\Y –\—W1™dD


˘ �*V S *V\ ˜S V\™ Vdc1 Z1 g,1˜*Ud `d31E V\U1ad V\`Sa˜S \™ ˜\—* ™* U\j Z1V\ ,`1Y1 3S,Sja –\`\™Sg\YH

˘ ˙\V aS U\j d,1V a `\™S˜1XSY*E j˜* Y\31jdhSZS˜S ™* +S –\Y\—*\ a,\U\U –\`\™SgS S–`S–`1YS\ a1 ™* U1™Z\Y +d™1j a,\U —*4™*H

"� � �˚��H

55

�–SjS –`\+W1Y V\US aS Z1™*,Z\ SY*\ a Z1VSY hW*Z\Y–\`\™Sg1D

�`SY1[dUdcS –`1™W\—1 S4 \,\— ™1W*E Z*–SjS V*V\ +SY\—*\ `1jS˜S ˜*U –`\+W1YD

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV1�˙�� ˙ �

ı

2˙��˛��˚��˚�˚H

57�`SU*˜1XS

64�aVdj1[*

71˛™`*,X1

77™1,*[1

85�*Y\–\d4™*[1

91�d—*

98�*Y\d+Sa˜,\

10

5�`S,*˜Z\a˜

11

1�d+S˜*V`\™S˜1X*

�� +S a1 `1cS ™* ad Y*W\U ™1gS –\˜`1+ZS ™`dO—*`S 4* S—`dE * *™\W1ag1Z˜SY* –`SU*˜1XSD � h1YdU1 `*4WSV*H˙`d— d S—`S U1 Z1V\ V\ ˜S –`*,S ™`dj˜,\D�`SU*˜1X U1 Z1V\ V\ SY* Sa˜1 ,`1™Z\a˜S V*\ S ˜SD

8

�*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y–`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H

t�*™* a*Y Xd˜*E –\˜`1+*Z YS U1 Z1V\ V\Y1 cda1 S4U*™*˜SD �*™* a*Y ˜d3Z*E 31WSY ™* Y1 Z1V\d˜1jSD �*™* a*Y a`1cZ*E 31WSY ™* ˜\ –\™1WSYa Z1VSYD �\ Y1ZSE –`SU*˜1XS ad Z1j˜\ +14 h1—*a1 Z1 Y\31r L *W1Z˜SZ*M

�*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H 57

�*™*X1E �S+WSU* V*31 ™* t–`*,S –`SU*˜1X ,\WSd a,*V\ ™\+*E S d Z1,\XS +`*˜ –\a˜*U1r L�\aW\,Sg15;B5;MD �,™1 U1 \hS—W1™Z\ `1h \ –`SU*˜1Xa˜,d V\U1U1 h,`jc1 \™ \Z\— V\U1 aS a˜Sg*\ Z* S—`*WSj˜d V*™aS +S\ Y*WSI�S[1ZSg*B ˙\V \™`*a˜*jE –\˜`1+ZS ad ˜S –`SU*O

˜1XS V\USB5D SY*Ud ™\+`1 \a\+SZ1E6D SY*Ud ,Sa\V* Y1`SW* –\Z*j*[*E7D –\4S˜S,Z\ d˜Shd Z* ˜1+1D�S˜*[1B �*V\ Y\31j –`\Z*cS –`SU*˜1X1 V\US

4*™\,\X*,*Ud ˜1 V`S˜1`SUdY1H �aY\˜`SY\ Sf U1™*Z–\ U1™*ZD

5D V`S˜1`SUdY˙\+`1 \a\+SZ1"˜* ˜`1+* ™* 4Z*jD �\ j˜\ Z1V\ ˜,`™S ™* U1 –`*O

,S –`SU*˜1X Z1 4Z*hS ™* ˜\ S U1a˜1D �S+WSU* h*VV*31 ™* GSY* Xd™S V\US ad a–`1YZS ™* dZSj˜1 a,\—™`d—*F L�\aW\,Sg1 5<B68MD �\3™* ˜S \,1 `1hS 4,dh1V*\ –`1˜1`S,*[1D �WS `*4YSaWSB ˙* WS aS SV*™*SY*\ Z1V\— t–`SU*˜1X*r V\US ˜1 U1 SaV\`Sa˜S\H ˙*WS ˜1 U1 Z1V\ \—\,*`*\ S4* W10* SWS jS`S\ W*3S\ ˜1+SH �\ +S Y\—W\ –\˜V\–*˜S ˜,\U1 –\,1`1[1 d[1—*D� �,1V SY*U Z* dYd ™* ZSU1 ˜\WSV\ ,*3Z\ V\OWSV\ SY*j –`SU*˜1X*E V\WSV\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* ad \ZS

–`*,SI"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD

�4*+1`S –`SU*˜1X1 V\USSY*Ud \a\+SZ1 ,`1™Z1 \–\OZ*j*[*D

� �*`*,Z\E a,S —`1jSY\ LSOYX*ZSY* 7B67MD ˛*˜\ *V\ ˜1 –`SOU*˜1X –\,`1™S S –\aW1 –\V*31™* Yd U1 4*Sa˜* 3*\E Z1 4*+\`*,S™* tXd+*,–\V`S,*YZ\j˜,\ —`1f*rL5D �1˜`\,* 8B<MD


�\— ZSU1 –`Sa˜`*ZE *WSU1 ,1\Y* S4+S`XS, V*™a1 `*™S \ ˜\Y1 V\—* c1–`Sf,*˜S˜S V*\ G—\a˜*d a,\Y j*˜\`dFL�a*W*Y 59B5O9MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

t�,S SY*Ud ™\+`\ YSjX1[1 \ Y\U\U ™`d—*`SgS�S\ZSD ˝1W1W* +Sf ™* S \ Y1ZS —\,\`1 ˜*V\ W1–\ S™* a*Y Z* ™\+`\Y —W*ad V*\ \Z*D �SaWSY ™* U1 ˜\aU*UZ\r L�,1˜E 5; —\™SZ*MD�`*™S aW1™1cS ˜1a˜B5D �`\hS˜*U �*W*˜SY* 9B66E 67D6D ˛*–S˜*U a1B G˙* WS Y\US –`SU*˜1XS –\V*4dUd \a\O

+SZ1 V\U1 a*hS[*,*Ud t–W\™ ™df*rHF7D ˛*–SjS SY1Z* a,\USf Z*U+\XSf –`SU*˜1X*D

�\`1™ a,*V\— SY1Z* Z*,1™S \a\+SZd V\U* Z*U+\X1\–SadU1 ˜d \a\+dD�Y1 �a\+SZ*

ı ................................................ ..............................................

................................................ ..............................................

................................................ ..............................................

1h \–`14*D �V\ ˜S Z* –*OY1˜ –*™*Ud a*Y\ Z1—*˜S,Z1\a\+SZ1E Y\3™* U1 ,`1Y1 ™*–\˜`*3Sj +\X1 –`SU*˜1X1I

6D V`S˜1`SUdY Sa\V* Y1`SW*–\Z*j*[*"˜* ˜`1+* ™* 4Z*jD �V\

–\ a,*Vd g1Zd 31WSj ™*a˜1VZ1j –`SU*˜1X1E –\a˜\OUS ,1`\,*˜Z\c* ™* c1j aZSO4S˜S a,\U* Y1`SW*D �S+WSU* V*31B t�\ SY* –\aW*a +14dYZSY*E W\j1 c1 –`\cSr L�\aW\,Sg1 57B6>MD

= tY* S –`SU*˜1X* –`S,`31ZSUSf\™ +`*˜*r L�\aW\,Sg1 5<B68M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H 59

�V\ 3S,Sj –\ SaO–`*,ZSY Y1`SWSY*EaS—d`Z\ c1 ˜S a1–d˜1,S dV`a˜S˜Sa Z1VSY* V\US SY*UdSa˜* ˜*V,* Y1`SW*D�ZS c1 ˜S +S˜SZ*U+\XS –`SU*˜1XSI

�˚� ��

�4`*4 G+14dYZSF Z1 \™Z\aS a1 Z* \a\+1 V\U1 SY*OUd W\j1 \g1Z1 d jV\WS SWS ad Y*[1 SZ˜1WS—1Z˜Z1E,1c Z* \a\+1 V\U1 \™+*gdUd Yd™`\ –`\ad0S,*[1 S Z1\+*4S`d a1 Z* Y\`*WZ* Y1`SW*D �*V,S –`SU*˜1XS ˜SZSad –\˜`1+ZSI"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD �Y1a˜\ ™* a1 a–`SU*˜1O

XSj a +SW\ VSYE +d™S S4+S`XS, L�a*W*Y 6:B8MD �\Z1 4Z*hS ™* ˜`1+* ™* SY*j –`1™`*ad™1D �\,\Y V\ZO˜1Va˜dE S4+S`XS,\a˜ –\™`*4dY1,* ™* aS ™\,\XZ\–`\ZSgXS, ™* 4*–*4Sj t`*4WSVd S4Y10d –`*,1™Z\—S 4W\—E S4Y10d \Z\— V\ aWd3S �\—d S \Z\— V\ Yd Z1aWd3Sr L�*W*fSU* 7B5<MDt˛*f,*W*Z a*Y `\™S˜1XSY*j˜\ ad YS –\Y\—WS ™*

–`\Z*01Y –`SU*˜1X1 Y\USf —\™SZ* V\US ™df\,Z\ Z*O–`1™dUdr L�`Sa˜SU*ZE 57 —\™SZ*MD�™—\,\`S Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B

1h \–`14*D �V\ aS –\˜,`™Z\ \™—\,\`S\ Z* \,* –SO˜*[*E –\˜`*3S –`SU*˜1X1 V\US SY*Ud ,Sj* Y1`SW*E\Z1 V\US –`d3*Ud ™\+*` –`SY1` V*\ f`Sjc*ZSD

’’ �*™* ad YS `\™S˜1XS `1VWS ™* –`1a˜*Z1Y™* a1 ™`d3SY a U1™Z\Y —`d–\Y YW*™SfE+SW\ YS U1 V`S,\ U1` a*Y +*j31W1\ [Sf\,\™`dj˜,\D �10d˜SYE a*,1˜ Y\USf `\™S˜1X*U1 +S\ ™\+*` S Z*V\Z j˜\ a*Y `1*WZ\`*4YSaWS\ \ ˜\Y1E d,S™1\ a*Y ™*SY* YZ\—\ \ZSf V\US +S YS +SWS +\XS–`SU*˜1XS‘‘ L�\WM

�*™ a*Y a –`SU*˜1XSY*E ™* WS a*Y Z*–1˜U1` +S Y1 Y\—WS Z*,1a˜S ™* dhSZSYZ1j˜\ j˜\ 4Z*Y ™* ZSU1 Sa–`*,Z\H

ıO ˙*O �1

˙* WS a1 da˜`dh*,*Y ™* ™\,1™1Y a,\U1–`SU*˜1X1 VdcS U1` a1 –W*jSY ™* a1Z1c1 ™\–*a˜S Y\USY `\™S˜1XSY*H

O ˙*O �1

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E =D �� 6D ��E =D ��


7D V`S˜1`SUdY�\4S˜S,*Z d˜Sg*U"˜* ˜`1+* ™* 4Z*jD �S+WSU* V*31B t�\j1 ™`dj˜,\

V,*`S ™\+`1 Z*,SV1r L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 59B77MD ˙1O,\UV* –\ SY1Zd �\`1Z –`Sh*B t�`SU*˜1XS S4 jV\W1ad Y1 –`Sf,*˜*WS a*Y\ ™\V a*Y `*™SW* a,1 j˜\ adYS —\,\`SWSD �SW* a*Y da*YX1Z*E –* a*Y \™WdhSW*™* a1 –\Z*j*Y V*\ \ZS a*Y\ ™* +Sf a1 dVW\–SW* d[Sf\,\ ™`dj˜,\Dr �\`1Z U1 af,*˜SW* ™* *V\ a1 Z*˜*U Z*hSZ –`SW*—\0*,*jY1`SWSY* ™`d—Sf –\a˜*U1j

�*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H 61

�*4—\,*`*U a `\™S˜1XSY* \ –`SU*˜1Xa˜,dD �SO˜*U Sf V*V,1 ad –`SU*˜1X1 \ZS SY*WS V*™* ad +SWS˜,\USf —\™SZ*D ˙* WS ad 4*3*WSWS 4+\— a,\— S4+\`*™`dj˜,*H �V\ U1adE 4+\— h1—*H �1V* ˜S V*3d V*V\Y\31j S4+1cS –`\+W1Y1 a V\USY* ad a1 \ZS ad\h*O,*WSD

�–\4Z*U a,\U1 –`SU*˜1X1 a `\™S˜1XSY*D �V\a1 da˜`dh*,*j ™* ˜\ dhSZSjE 4*–S˜*U a1B G˛+\— h1—*U1 ˜\ ˜*V\HF ˙* WS –\a˜\US Z1j˜\ V\™ [Sf 4* j˜*4Z*j ™* +S ˜,\USY `\™S˜1XSY* 4*aY1˜*W\H � ˜\YaWdh*Ud +S Y\3™* ˜`1+*W\ ™* +d™1j S4+S`XS,SUSV*™* \™WdhdU1j a VSY c1j a1 ™`d3S˜SD

�*3XS,\ aWdj*UD �\V*3S ™* ˜S U1 a˜*W\ ™\ [SfS +d™S a*\a1c*U*Z L�SWS–X*ZSY* 6B8MD

�–`*j˜*UD �1 \h1VdU a*,`j1Za˜,\D t�,S h1a˜\—`1jSY\r L�*V\,X1,* 7B6MD

˙*U a,\Y –`SU*˜1Xd –`\a˜\`*D �1Y\U —* —djS˜SD�`*,S –`SU*˜1X c1 +S˜S d4 ˜1+1 V*™* ˜S +d™1 –\˜`1O+*Z L�`\–\,1™ZSV 8B=E 5>MD

Sa–`\+*U \,1 –`1™W\—1

˙* +Sf –`\Z*j*\ ™\+`1 –`SU*˜1X1E U* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�a\+1 a˜*`SU1 \™ Y1Z1 a V\USY* +Sf ,\W1\™* a1 ,Sj1 ™`d3SY

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

–\–d˜ –S\Z*E V\US \ZS –\Y1`*Ud \Z*V\ V*V\ 31W1D�S—d`Z\ Z1 +S 31W1\ ˜*V\ Z1j˜\I"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD �`1a˜*ZS ™* a1 ™`d3Sj

a* \ZSY* V\US ˜`*31 ™* a1 –`SW*—\™Sj [Sf\,\YZ*hSZd 3S,\˜*D �V\ ˜\ dhSZSjE Y\3™* c1j SY*O˜S Y*[1 –`SU*˜1X*E *WS c1j a1 +\X1 \a1c*˜S S\˜,\`Sc1j ,`*˜* 4* aVW*–*[1 +\XSf –`SU*˜1Xa˜*O,* P \ZSf V\U* c1 –\4S˜S,Z\ d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜1+1 LSOYX*ZSY* 56B6MDt�\U ™\+*` –`SU*˜1X �WSZ˜ U1 d`*,Z\˜131Z S a*O

\a1c*U*Z S 4*˜\ YS U1 Z*U,1c* –\™`jV*r L!1Ua\ZE65 —\™SZ*MD�™—\,\`S Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B

˙* WS Y1[*Y a,\U Z*hSZ \+W*h1[*ES4`*3*,*[* S –\Z*j*[* a*Y\™* +Sf a1 dVW\–S\ d ™`dj˜,\H

ıO ˙*O �1

˙* WS 4+\— a,\USf –`SU*˜1X* \™W*4SYZ* adY[S,* Y1a˜* Z* V\U*

SZ*h1 Z1 +Sf Sj*\HO ˙*O �1

˘ \U1 \a\+SZ1 ad ˜S Z*U,*3ZSU1 V\™ –`SU*˜1X*S 4*j˜\H

˘ �* V\USY \a\+SZ*Y* Y\`*j `*™S˜S ™* +S +S\+\XS –`SU*˜1XH

"� � �˚��H

1h \–`14*D �V\ aS –\˜,`™Z\ \™—\,\`S\ Z* \,* –SO˜*[*E –\˜`*3S a*,1˜ \™ `\™S˜1X* SWS Z1V1 ™`d—14`1W1 \™`*aW1 \a\+1D �V\WSV\ aS 1f\,SZ a,1™\VEY\31j a1 ˜*V\01 \+`*˜S˜S Z1V\Y f`Sjc*ZaV\Ya˜*`1jSZS S `1cS Yd ™* ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z* –\Y\c –`SS4+\`d –`SU*˜1X* V\US c1 +\X1 d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜1+1D

*™* aZS3*,*j a,\U*Y1`SW* a*Y\ ™* +S a1dVW\–S\E ˜*™* –\a˜*U1j–\–d˜ –S\Z* V\US ™`d—S–\Y1`*Ud V*V\ \ZS 31W1

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ˜1 Z1VS ˜*V\4,*ZS–`SU*˜1XP SWS Y\3™* a`g1P Z*,\™S ™* hSZSjW\j1 a˜,*`SH �*4Z*U V*V\ a1 Y\31j \™d–`1˜SD

�*V\ ™* –`\Z*01Y –`*,1 –`SU*˜1X1H 63

9

�*V\ ™* a1 \™d–`1YSaVdj1[dH

�*`\WSZ* U1 Z* 3d`gS ˜1V ™1a1˜*V YSZd˜* S,S™S V*V\ ™,* ™1hV* ™\Z\a1 Z1V\WSV\ ,1WSVSfV1a*D �*aZ\ U1 j˜* Z\a1D �*ZSU1 Sf U1 hdW* ™*–`Sh*Ud V*V\ c1 Z* 3d`gS +S˜S t™\a˜* 4*gd—*[1rD�4Z1Z*™* hdU1 –\4Z*˜ —W*a S4* a1+1D t"˜\a*Y\ a˜\USj ˜dE –*`˜S+`1UV1`dHr �V`1c1 a1 S,S™S a,\Ud ™`d—*`Sgd �*Zd V*V\ ™`3S ™,1 ˜1V\˜,\`1Z1 eW*j1 –S,*D �*Z* U\U –`d3* U1™Zd SV*31B t�1Y\U YS a*Y\ `1cS ™* aS –`1YW*™* ™*a1 Y*W\ 4*+*,SjIr�*`\WSZ* 31WS ™* \™+SU1D WSE –`S˜Sa*V U1YZ\—\ U*hS Z1—\ j˜\ U1 YSaWSW*D �*Z* U1 [1Z*™`d—*`Sg* S �*`\WSZ* Z1 31WS ™* Sa–*™Z1DDDt–*`˜S+`1UV1`rE V*V\ Ud U1 Z*4,*W*D �aSY ˜\—*E�*Z* U1 �D�D gd`*E –* *V\ \Z* –SU1E j˜* SY*˜d W\j1H G�\ U1 a*Y\ –S,\FE YSaWS �*`\WSZ*EGZSU1 ™`\—* SWS a–*,*[1 a Z1VSYDF

��˙� aS YW*™E SaVdj1[* a1 –\U*,XdUd d YZ\—SY\+WSgSY*D �1a˜\ ad –\,14*Z* a* ad–`\˜ZSY –\W\YDt˙1,\UV1 d jV\WS ad ˜*V\ Z*–*™Z1rE V*31 5;O—\™SOj[S \+1`˜D t\W1 ™* ˜1 ™\™S`dUd S Sa–S˜dUd V\WSOV\ ™*W1V\ Y\—d ScS V\™ ˜1+1D �,\U1 GZ1F SY ZSj˜* Z14Z*hSIr ˙SU*Z*E V\U* ˜*V\01 SY* 5; —\™SZ*E aW*31 a1a ˜SYD t 1™*Z ™1hV\ YS U1 –`Sj*\ S 4*—`WS\ Y1rEV*31 \Z*D t�`1aZdW* a*Y —* –\ `dgS S `1VW*B G"˜* ˜\`*™SjH "˜* 4*YSjX*j V\ aSIF r� ˜S a1 Y\3™* ad\h*,*j a* SaVdj1[SY* S Y\3™*

˜S a1 hSZS ™* –`S˜Sa*V ZSV*™* Z1 –`1a˜*U1D �aVdOj1[1 V\U1 ˜`*U1 Y\31 +S˜S V*\ V*™ Z1V\ Z1–`1a˜*OZ\ Vdg* Z* ˜,\U* ,`*˜*E Z1 \+*4S`dcS a1 Z* Z*˜–SaBG�1 d4Z1YS`*,*UDF ˙* WS ˜S a1 hSZS ™* ˜\ Vdg*[1 ZSOV*V\ ™* a˜*Z1H �* –`SY1`E ™* WS ˜1 –`S,W*hS Z1j˜\\™ aW1™1c1—Hı O �dj1[1 O �\`Z\—`*eSU*

O WV\f\W O �1VaO ˙`\—* O ˙`d—\ ................................................

�V\ aS \4Z*hS\ Z1j˜\ \™ —\`1 Z*,1™1Z\—E Z1Y\U ™*4*VXdhSj V*V\ U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ ZSaS a˜,\`1Z ™* +d™1jf`Sjc*ZSZD �S—d`Z\ Y\31j Z*dhS˜S ™* V\Z˜`\WSOj1j Z1Sa–`*,Z1 31X1 S ™* a1 \™d–`1j SaVdj1[dD�*V\H �Sc1 ˜S \™ –\Y\cS *V\ 4Z*j j˜* ™\,\™S ™\SaVdj1[*D �aY\˜`S ˜`S e*V˜\`*D5D �1a*,`j1Z\a˜D �VW\Z\a˜ V* –\—`1jZSY –\O

a˜d–gSY* d\+Sh*U1Z* U1 4* a,1 Z1a*,`j1Z1 Xd™1D�*V U1 S *–\a˜\W �*,W1E V\US U1 +S\ 4`1\ f`Sjc*ZSZESaV`1Z\ –`S4Z*\B t�*™ 31WSY ™* hSZSY ™\+`\E dY1ZS U1 4W\r LSYX*ZSY* ;B65MD *aZ\ U1 ™* h*V S Z*UOh1a˜S˜SU* \a\+* –\Z1V*™ \a1˜S d˜Sg*U G31X1 ˜1W*S 31X1 \hSUdF L5D \,*Z\,* 6B5:MD �WS Z1–`1a˜*Z\`*4YSjX*[1 \ SaVdj1[d ™* a1 dhSZS Z1j˜\ –\O—`1jZ\ a*Y\ \˜13*,* aS˜d*gSUdE U1` �S+WSU* V*31Bt˝1X*E V*™* U1 4*h1˜*E `*0* —`1fr L *V\,X1,* 5B59MD6D �–\X*j[S d˜Sg*USD �aVdj1[* ad a,d™*E Z*

a,*V\Y V\`*VdD t� jV\WS S Z* –\aWdE `*4—\,\` a1

�*V\ ™* a1 \™d–`1Y SaVdj1[dH 65

Z1–`1a˜*Z\ ,`˜S \V\ a1Va*rE V*31 �*[*D t�* ˜1W1,SO4SUS S d eSWY\,SY* a1Va a1 d,1V –`1™a˜*,X* V*\Z1j˜\ ad–1`D 1˜V\ V*™* a1 –`SV*4dUd –\aW1™Sg1Ir�*[* S4 WShZ\— SaVda˜,* 4Z* V\WSV\ ad ˜*V,S d˜SOg*US ,`j[*V* S Y1™SU* aZ*3ZSD t�*™* a*Y SY*W*5: —\™SZ*E YSaWSW* a*Y ™* a*Y Z*jW* –`*,d Xd+*,D�*UV* YS U1 —\,\`SW* ™* cd *V\ ˜*V\ Z*a˜*,SY \a˜*O˜S d ™`d—\Y a˜*[dD �SW\ YS U1 —`\4Z\ V*V\ U1 Y\—W*S ™* –\YSaWS Z* ˜*V\ Z1j˜\I �WSE ™,* Y1a1g* V*aZSOU1E +SW* a*Y ˜`d™Z*Dr7D G�W*™*W*hV1 31X1F L6D �SY\˜1Ud 6B66MD �Z1 Y\—d

\+df,*˜*˜S a,1 ˜13[1 d\+Sh*U1Z1 4* YW*™1E V*\ j˜\U1 U*V* 31X* ™* +d™d –`Sf,*c1ZS S ™* Z*0d a,\U1 Y1Oa˜\ –\™ adZg1YD �*Y1 –\ a1+SE ˜*V,1 31X1 ZSad –\O—`1jZ1E *WS *V\ a1 Z1 V\Z˜`\WSjd Y\—d \˜13*,*˜S+\`+d a* SaVdj1[SY*D �* –`SY1`E 31X* ™* Z*01ja,\U1 Y1a˜\ –\™ adZg1Y Y\31 ˜1 Z*,1a˜S ™* \™+*gSj,`1™Z\a˜S V\USY* aS –\dh*,*Z d –\`\™SgSD �\ a1 ™\O—\™SW\ �˜1e*Zd V*™* U1 SY*\ 5; —\™SZ*D �Z –`SO

h*B t�\+dZS\ a*Y a1 –`\˜S,`\™S˜1X* S `*™S\ a*Y a,1j˜\ ad YS —\,\`SWS ™* Z1`*™SYP S ˜\ V`*˜V\ Z*V\Zj˜\ a*Y a1 V`a˜S\Dr

�*V\ ™\+S˜S +S˜Vd�a˜SZ* U1 ™* ad d˜Sg*O

US V\U1 aY\ d–`*,\ `*4Y\O˜`SWS ,1\Y* U*VSD �* S–*VEZSU1 Z1Y\—dc1 \™d–`1˜S a1SaVdj1[dI �*V\ ˜\ Y\31jdhSZS˜SH

˘ �`,\E \˜V`SU j˜* U1 ˜\h1Yd ˜S U1 Z*U˜131 ™* a1\™d–`1jD L�\ aS Y\3™* ,1c–`1˜f\™Z\ d`*™S\ Z* :9Da˜`*ZSDM

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 59D �� 6D ��E 59D ��


�\— U1 –`\`1V*\ ™* c1�ada +S˜S ,1`*ZE *WS˜\ ZSU1 4Z*hSW\ ™* U1�ada +S\ –\–d˜ `\+\˜*ESa–`\—`*YS`*Z Z*–\aWdjZ\a˜D �Z U1 SY*\aW\+\™Zd ,\XdD �1—\,*,1`Z\a˜ U1 +SW* a˜,*`S4+\`*E * Z1 Z1j˜\ j˜\Yd U1 +SW\ ad01Z\D �\ U1U1™*Z \™ `*4W\—* 4*j˜\a1 3*`V\ Y\WS\ V*™*U1 +S\ d Vdj[*Y*L�1,`1USY* 9B;MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

˘ ˙`d—\E 4*–S˜*U a1B G�*™* U1 Z*U,1c* ,1`\,*˜Z\c*™* c1 a1 ˜\ SaVdj1[1 –\U*,S˜SHF �+1W13S U1™Zd \™aW1™1cSf Y\—dcZ\a˜SB

O jV\WS O �*™* a*Y a �*YO �* –\aWd O ™`d—\U aS˜d*gSUS ............................

�\ j˜\ 4Z*j V*™* a1 SaVdj1[1 \+ShZ\ U*,X*E Y\O31 ˜S h*V –\Y\cS ™* —* –\˜–dZ\ S4+1—Z1jD �* –`SOY1`E `*4YSaWS \ S4YSjX1Z\U ag1ZS S4 d,\™*D �*\aZ\,d V\— d–\4\`*,*Udc1— 4Z*V* U1 �*`\WSZ* Y\—W*dZ*–`1™ 4*VXdhS˜S ™* 3d`V* Z1c1 –`\cS +14 –`\O+W1Y*H

..................................................................................................

ı

�*V\ ™* a1 \™d–`1Y SaVdj1[dH 67

�4YS V\Y–*a S –\a˜*O,S —* ˜*V\ ™* S—W* –\V*O4dU1 a1,1`D �*™* a˜*,S –\O`1™ [1—* U1™*Z Y*—Z1˜D "˜*a1 ™\—*0*H �—W* ,Sj1 Z1 –\V*O4dU1 ˜*h*Z –`*,*gD �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E\V`1c1 a1 V* Y*—Z1˜dD

�,\U* a*,1a˜ U1 –\–d˜ ˜\— V\Y–*a*D�V\ U1 Sa–`*,Z\ \+WSV\,*Z*E –\V*4S,*c1ta1,1`r S –\Y\cS c1 ˜S ™* ™\Z\aSj Yd™`1\™WdV1D �WSE W\j1 ™`dj˜,\ –\–d˜ Y*—Z1˜*,`jS –`S˜Sa*V V\US Y\31 SaV`S,S˜S ˜,\U1 Y\O`*WZ\ –`\ad0S,*[1D "˜* dhSj S4 ˜\—*H �4+1—*,*U\a\+1 S aS˜d*gSU1 V\U1 +S Y\—W1 ™* –\`1Y1˜1 ˜,\U\a1c*U 4* Y\`*WZ1 ,`1™Z\a˜SI L�\aW\,Sg1 57B6>MD

–`\+*U \,*U1Va–1`SY1Z˜

�*V\ U1 Y\—W* d –\˜–dZ\a˜S ™* S4+1—Z1 SaVdj1[1H

ı ..................................................................................................

˘ �*™* V*™* aS da˜*Z\,S\ j˜* U1 SaVdj1[1 S d,SO™1\ V*™* a1 \+ShZ\ U*,X*E a–`1Y*Z aS ™* Z1j˜\ –`1O™d4Y1jD �*U,*3ZSU1 U1 ™* d,S™Sj V*V\ Y\31j V\ZO˜*V˜ a* SaVdj1[1Y a,1a˜S Z* Z*UY*[d Y\—dcd Y1`dSWS —* –\˜–dZ\ S4+1cSD �*–SjS j˜* +S Y\—*\ ™*d`*™SjD

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

L�`SY1`SB �V\ –\aW1 h*a\,* `1™\,Z\ a`1c1j jV\WaV1™`d—\,1 V\US ˜S Zd™1 gS—*`1˜1E Y\3™* +S Y\—*\ ™* a1,`*c*j VdcS ™`d—SY –d˜1YE ˜*V\ ™* Sf Z1 a`1˜Z1jD�V\ h1a˜\ –`1V\ SZ˜1`Z1˜* ™\+SU*j Z131X1Z1 –\`dV1a –\`Z\—`*eaVSY a*™`3*U1YE Y\—*\ +S SZa˜*WS`*˜S–`\—`*Y V\US c1 +W\VS`*˜S –\`dV1 \™ ˜\— –\jSX*\O

g* S a,1 a*U˜\,1 a* aWShZSYa*™`3*U1YD �*V\01E Y\—*\ +S™* +d™1j V\ZV`1˜ZSUS V*™*dZ\aSj VXdhZ1 `1hS d –`1O˜`*3S,*hDM�*`*,Z\E Z1 Y\31j S4O

+1cS a,* SaVdj1[*D �`1SWS V*aZSU1E ,1`\,*˜Z\c1j a1 ad\hS˜S a Z1VSY Z*O`\hS˜\ aZ*3ZSY SaVdj1O[1YE Y\3™* V*™* a1 +d™1jZ*UY*[1 Z*™*\D "˜* ˜*™*Y\31j d`*™S˜SH

’’ �Z*—d YS ™*U1 ˜\ j˜\ 4Z*Y ™* U1 Z*Y\U\U a˜`*ZS Z*UY\cZSU1 +Sc1 d hS˜*,\Ya,1YS`d S ™* Yd a1 d a,*V\Y ˜`1Zd˜VdY\—d \+`*˜S˜S 4* –\Y\c‘‘ L�`Sa˜\e1`M


�aV\–S`*U t–W*Z1` 4*a*,W*™*,*[1 –`S˜SaV*d jV\WSrE V\US a1 Z*W*O4S d 6D ˜\Yd \,1 V[S—1EZ* 576D S 577D a˜`*ZSD˛*˜SY –\Y\cd [1—*Sa–W*ZS`*U V*V\ c1j`1*—\,*˜S V*™* ˜1 Z1V\–\Vdj*,* Z*,1a˜S Z*Z1VS W\j –\a˜d–*VD

�˚� ��

˙* +Sf –\,1c*\ a,\Ud \™WdhZ\a˜ ™* a1 \™d–`1YSaVdj1[dE U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�1V1 \a\+1E Y1a˜* S \V\WZ\a˜S V\U1 ˜`1+*™* S4+1—*,*Y

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

Z*–`1™ a1 –`S–`1YS�*™* —* U1 t�*˜*Z* SaVdO

j*,*\rE �ada a1 ZSU1 V\W1O+*\E ,1c U1 \™Y*f \™+S\ VdOj[d L�*`V\ 5B57MD ˛+\— h1—*U1 ˜*V\ `1*—\,*\H ˛*˜\ j˜\ U1,1c SY*\ S4—`*01Z a˜*,D �Z U1dZ*–`1™ \™WdhS\ ™* c1 d a,*OV\Y ˜`1Zd˜Vd +S˜S –\aWdj*Za,\Y �gd L \,*Z <B6<E 6=MD ˛*SOa˜* U1 a˜*U*\ S4* a,\USf `1hSB t�Sa*Y aSj*\a Z1+* ™* ,`jSY a,\Ud ,\XdE Z1—\ ,\Xd \Z\—* V\US Y1U1 –\aW*\r L \,*Z :B7<MD�* aW1™1c\U a˜`*ZSE 4*–SjS ™,* `*4W\—* 4+\— V\O

USf ˜`1+* ™* a1 \™d–`1j SaVdj1[d a V\USY a1

*™* –\–da˜Sj SaVdj1[dE–\a˜*U1j `\+ a,\USf 31X*

Z*Uh1jc1 ad\h*,*j S ™,* Z*hSZ* Z* V\U* –W*ZS`*j™* ˜\ d`*™SjD˛*j˜\ ˜`1+* ™* a1 \™d–`1jB

5D .............................................................................................

6D .............................................................................................

"˜* c1j dhSZS˜S ™* a1 \™d–`1jB5D .............................................................................................

6D .............................................................................................

�–*Y˜S ™* V*™* –\™W1—Z1j SaVdj1[dE –\a˜*OU1j `\+ a,\USf 31X* L�S˜d 7B7MD ˛*j˜\ +S ™\4,\WS\™* ˜,\U1 3d™[1 ,W*™*Ud Z*™ ˜\+\YH �\V*3S 4`1W\a˜˜*V\ j˜\ c1j V\Z˜`\WSa*˜S a,\U1 31X1 dY1a˜\ ™*\Z1 V\Z˜`\WSjd ˜1+1 L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B9MD �\WS a1 ™*S ™*X1 +d™1j da–1j*Z d ˜\Y1 L�*˜1U :B57MD�

� S™S 77D S 78D –\—W*,X1 \,\— ˜\Y*D

=t�\— U1 ,1`*ZE S Z1c1 ™\4,\WS˜S ™*

+d™1˜1 SaVdj*ZS ,Sj1 Z1—\ j˜\ Y\31˜1–\™Z1˜SE Z1—\ c1 a˜,\`S˜S S4W*4 V*™ ™\01

SaVdj1[1E ™* Y\31˜1 S4™`3*˜SrL5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 5>B57M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 4*™[1 ,`1Y1 a1 \a1c*jZ1V*V\ ˜`\Y\H �*4Z*U V*V\ ™* –\+\Xj*j a,\U14™`*,X1 S SY*j ,Sj1 1Z1`—SU1D


˘ ˙* WS S a*,`j1Z* a˜,\`1[* Y\—d +S˜S SaVdj*Z*HL�\a˜*Z*V :B5O7C �\,*Z <B88M

˘ *™* \™\WSj SaVdj1[dE V*V\ ˜\ d˜Sh1 Z* ™`d—1HL�\aW\,Sg1 6;B55C 5D �SY\˜1Ud 8B56M

"� � �˚��H

� ˝�� –\a˜\U1 a˜,*`SV\U1 Z1 Y\31j +S`*˜SD �*–`SY1`E `\™S˜1X1E +`*cdS a1a˜`1 SWS Y1a˜\ —™1 3SO,SjD �10d˜SYE ˜,\U1 4™`*O,X1 U1 ™`d—* –`Sh*D �*V\—1Z1˜SV* S—`* \™`101Zd

10

˛*j˜\ ˜`1+* ™* +`SZ1Y\ a,\Y 4™`*,XdH

�˜*,S 4Z*V � –\`1™ a,*V\—gSX* V\US +S 31W1\

™* \a˜,*`SjDı O �Y*[S˜S d4Z1YS`1Z\a˜

O �\Z˜`\WSa*˜S a,\Ud Z*`*,O �˜1cS ,1c1 a*Y\–\d4™*[1O �\+\Xj*˜S V\Zg1Z˜`*gSUdO �Y*˜S ,Sj1 1Z1`—SU1O �\–`*,S˜S ˜1ZO �Y`j*˜S

71

dW\—dE S–*V eS4ShV\ a˜*[1 h1a˜\ 4*,SaS \™ Z*hSZ*3S,\˜*D�G�WSE U* a*Y S ad,Sj1 YW*™ ™* +Sf +`SZd\ \ 4™`*,O

XdIFE Y\3™* V*31jD �–*VE ™* WS U1 a˜,*`Z\ ˜*V\H �\O—W1™*U a–Sa*V gSX1,* V\U1 aY\ Z*,1WS d d,\™dD �\WSOV\ [Sf aS \4Z*hS\H 1`\,*\ SWS Z1E ™\+`\ 4™`*,X1 ˜SU1 –`1V\ –\˜`1+Z\ ™* +S \a˜,*`S\ a,*VS \™ [SfD˙\™dj1E Y\3™* a1 \a1c*j –\–d˜ 5;O—\™Sj[1 �[1E

V\U* V*31B t�1Y* j*Za1 ™* U1™1Y a*Y\ 4`Z1,X1 S ™SU1O˜*WZd f`*ZdIr �V\ a1 aW*31j a[\YE Z1 +`SZSPZ1 Y\O`*j d –\˜–dZ\a˜S –`1VSZd˜S a* aW*˜VSjSY* S a,*V1a1™YSg1 ˜`h*˜S ™\ S4Z1Y\—W\a˜SD � adj˜SZSE Y\3™*U1 a*Y\ –\˜`1+Z\ ™* Y*W\ S4Y1ZSj a,\U1 Z*,SV1 ™* +SS4—W1™*\ +\X1E \a1c*\ a1 aU*UZ\ S +S\ d –dZ\U e\`YSD�*U™1 ™* ,S™SY\ V*V\ ad Z1VS ˜,\US ,`j[*gS da–1WSd ˜\Y1D

�`*,SWZ* Saf`*Z* S +\XS S4—W1™�S+WSU* –\™a˜Sh1 Z* dY1`1Z\a˜ d Z*,SV*Y*D t�1

+d™SDDD Y10d S4U1WSg*Y*rE a˜\US d �\aW\,Sg*Y* 67B6>L˙*ZShScQ�*`*iScMD �SU1 d,1V W*V\ –`SY1ZS˜S \,*Ua*,1˜Dt�\–d˜ YZ\—Sf ˜SZ1Ui1`*E S U* a*Y d,1V —W*™*ZD \O

™S˜1XS YS V*3d ™* U1 Y\U a˜\Y*V `d–* +14 ™Z*Ir L�ZO™`1UE 59 —\™SZ*MDt�\j˜\ a*™* Z1 –`SY1cdU1Y ™* YS Z1V* f`*Z* j˜1O

˜SE Z1 ,S™SY 4*j˜\ U1 ˜\WSV\ W\j*r L˙*ZSU1W*E 5= —\O™SZ*MD˙* WS ˜S ˜`1+* ,Sj1 a*O

Y\V\Z˜`\W1 V*™* U1 d –S˜*O[d f`*Z*H �\—W1™*U V*V\ d˜\Y1 da–1,*Ud Z1VS ˜,\US ,`Oj[*gSD

� �Z\—S SY*Ud Z1VS 4™`*,a˜,1OZS –`\+W1Y SWS f1Z™SV1– Z* V\USZ1 Y\—d d˜Sg*˜SD �–*VE \,\ –\—W*O,X1 SY Y\31 –\Y\cS ™* –\+\Xj*Ud4™`*,X1 d Y1`S d V\U\U U1 ˜\ Y\—dc1D


�S4ShV\ ,13+*[1–\™a˜Sh1 Wdh1[1 1ZO™\`eSZ*P ad–a˜*ZgSV\U1 Z*a˜*Ud d Y\4—d SV\U1 aY*[dUd \a1c*U+\W* * –\,1c*,*Ud™\+`\ `*a–\W\31[1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�1Y\U a1 –`1U1™*˜SD t*ZSU1 a*Y +`\U*W* V*W\`SU1rEV*31 5=O—\™Sj[* dWSU*E t*WS a*™* U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ –`1Oa˜*Z1Y ™* U1™1Y V*™ \a1˜SY ™* a*Y aS˜*Dr�4+1—*,*U Z14™`*,d f`*ZdD t�*™* a*Y –`1a˜*\ ™*

–SU1Y —*4S`*Z1 a\V\,1rE V*O31 65O—\™Sj[S �1˜*`E tS4O—d+S\ a*Y –1˜ VSW\—`*Y* 4*a*Y\ Y1a1g ™*Z*Ir�`\Y1ZS Z*,SV1 d Saf`*O

ZSD t�`d™SY a1 ™* Z1 aS–*Yd ˜*[S` ™,* –d˜*rE V*31 5=OO—\™Sj[* ˚Y*D

�1g1–˜ 4* da–1fD �1 –`1OaV*hS \+`\V1I �V\ ˜\ hSO

˛*j˜\ ˜`1+* ™* +`SZ1Y \ a,\Y 4™`*,XdH 73

t�SW* a*Y +dgV*a˜* ˜SZ1Ui1`V*E Z1j˜\ j˜\ ZSV*™*ZSa*Y 31W1W* ™* +d™1YD �SW* a*Y ,1\Y* Z1a`1cZ* S Z1O4*™\,\XZ* 4+\— a,\— S4—W1™*I � ,`1Y1Z* Z* ,`1Y1 –\VdOj*,*W* a*Y ™* aY`j*Y ™`31cS Z1V1 –\a1+Z1 ™SU1˜1E*WS ad a1 VSW\—`*YS d,1V ,`*c*WSD ˛*˜\ a*Y a* 59 —\™SOZ* `1jSW* ™* \V`1Z1Y ™`d—S WSa˜D ˝1W1W* a*Y ™*aY`j*Y Z* –`*,S Z*hSZE ˜*V\ ™* a1 ˜\—* Y\—d –`S™`3*O,*˜S g1W\— 3S,\˜*D d–SW* a*Y U1™Zd V[S—d d V\U\U ad\+U*j[1Z* \aZ\,Z* Z*h1W* –`*,SWZ1 Saf`*Z1 S ,13+*O[*D �`SY1[S,*W* a*Y a,1 j˜\ a*Y –`\hS˜*W*D �SW*a*Y \™WdhZ* ™* ZSV*™* Z1 \™da˜*Z1YE h*V ZS *V\ a1 Z*OV`*˜V\ ,`*˜SY a˜*`SY Z*,SV*Y* SWS a1 \+1af`*+`SYD� 4*YSaWS˜1P da–1W* a*YI ˛* a*Y\ —\™SZd ™*Z* a*YS4—d+SW* 69 VSW\—`*Y*D �`\jW\ U1 ™,1 —\™SZ1 S U\jd,1V SY*Y Sa˜d ˜13SZdD �SaWSW* a*Y ™* a1 ˜\ ZSV*™*Z1c1 ™\—\™S˜SI Xdh Y\— da–1f* ZSU1 a*Y\ ™SU1˜* ,1c S–\˜–dZ* –`\Y1Z* Z*hSZ* 3S,\˜*r L 1˜`SZE 5< —\™SZ*MD

t�`\Y1ZSW* a*Y Z*hSZ 3S,\˜*r

�`\Z*0S Z1V\—a VSY c1j ,13+*˜SD�\ c1 ˜S ™*˜S–\™a˜`1V U1` Z1c1j31W1˜S ™* —*`*4\h*`*jD

�˚� ��

ZSjE \Z™* c1j +S˜S a˜`*jZ\ —W*™*Z S +Sc1j d SaVdOj1[d ™* a1 –`1U1™1jD

4™`*,\Y ˜1WdE 4™`*, ™df� �S+WSUS a1 V*31 ™* ,13+*[1 ™\Z\aS S4,1aZ1 V\O

`Sa˜S L5D �SY\˜1Ud 8B<MD �* S–*VE YZ\—S YW*™S ZSad+*j ,\XZS ™* ,13+*UdDt�1 +Sa˜1 ,1`\,*WS V\WSV\ [Sf U1 SY*W\ U1™SZSgd

S4 eS4ShV\— V*™* a*Y Sj*\ d a`1™[d jV\WdD �\ U1 +S\Z*UW*VjS h*aE Y*W\ ˜13S \™ ,1WSV\— \™Y\`*Ir L�1O˜*`E 65 —\™SZ*MDt�1VS YSaW1B G˛*j˜\ ™* a1 –\ ,`1W\Y adZgd aY*`*Y

˜`h*[1Y S Vd–*Y d 4Z\Ud V*™ Y\—d a,1 ˜\ ™* `*™SY dZ1V\U ,S™1\OS—`SgSHF r LSZ*E 66 —\™SZ1MD˙* WS a1 dY\`Sj S –`S a*Y\U –\YSaWS Z* ,13+*[1H

�V\ U1 ˜*V\E –\—W1™*U V\U1 ad V\`Sa˜S \™ ™\+`\— –`\O—`*Y* ,13+*[*D5D V\`Sa˜D 13+*[1 U*h* SYdZS˜1˜D t�\U \˜*g U1

d,1V —\,\`S\B G�V\ Z1 Y\31j ™* Z*01j ,`1Y1Z* 4* ,1O3+*[1E \Z™* c1j —* SY*˜S V*™ a1 `*4+\WSjF rE V*315=O—\™Sj[* *f1W*D6D V\`Sa˜D *™* ,13+*jE d Y\4—d a1 \aW\+*0*Ud f1O

YSUaV1 ad–a˜*Zg1 V\U1 SY*Ud dYS`dUdc1 ™1Ua˜,\D

’’ �*™* ,13+*Y \a1c*Y a1 ad–1`D U\j V*™–`SY1˜SY ™* 4+\— ˜\—* +\X1 S4—W1™*YI�\ U1 –`*,* a˜,*` 4* –\™S4*[1a*Y\–\d4™*[*‘‘ L˚YSWSM

˛™`*,X1 U1 –\–d˜*d˜\Y\+SW*P \Z\ –`\–*™* *V\—* Z1 \™`3*,*j


t�`h*[1 YS YZ\—\ –`SU* V*™* YS U1 —W*,* –dZ* a,1—*rEV*31 5:O—\™Sj[* ˚YSWSD t�\ Y1 S eS4ShVS S 1Y\gS\OZ*WZ\ \a,13*,*Dr7D V\`Sa˜D 13+*[1 ˜S –`d3* ™\+*` \a1c*UD t\WSY

™* a*Y Z*–\XdrE V*31 66O—\™Sj[* SZ*E t˜*V\ ™* –1Oj*hSYE –WS,*Y S ,\4SY +SgSVWDr

�1g1–˜ 4* da–1fD �`S –d˜* a1™YShZ\ S4™,\U +*`1Y6> YSZd˜* 4* +*,X1[1 Z1V\Y eS4ShV\Y *V˜S,Z\jcd–`S V\U\U a1 ˜`\jS YZ\—\ 1Z1`—SU1D �1V* ˜\ +d™1 Z1Oj˜\ d h1Yd d3S,*jD

˙\+*` a*ZE ˜\–Oe\`Y*�S+WSU* V*31B t�\X* U1 U1™Z*j*V* –\hSZV* Z1—\ ™,1

j*V1 ˜`d™* S ˜`h*[* 4* ,1˜`\Yr L�`\–\,1™ZSV 8B:MD�V\WSV\ Z1 a–*,*j ™\,\XZ\E ˜,\U1 `*™Z1 a–\a\+Z\a˜Sc1 a1 ™`*a˜ShZ\ aY*[S˜SDt�V\ a1 Z1 Z*a–*,*YE ZSa*Y ZS 4* j˜*D �\Zg1Z˜`*O

gSU* YS U1 Z* ZdWSIr L*f1W*E 5= —\™SZ*MDt�V\ ™,* a*˜* –\ –\™Z1 ˜\WSV\ a*Y dY\`Z* ™* YS Y*W\

e*WS ™* 4*a–SY da`1™ `*4—\,\`*Ir L�`Sa˜SZ*E 5= —\™SZ*MD˙* WS S ˜1+S ˜`1+* ,Sj1 aZ*H ˚,\ V*V\ ad ˜\ `1jSO

WS Z1VS ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD

*4dY*Z gSX V\US a1+S Y\—d –\a˜*,S˜Sj˜\ a1 ˜Sh1 Saf`*Z1

.................................................................................................................................

*4dY*Z gSX V\US a1+S Y\—d –\a˜*,S˜Sj˜\ a1 ˜Sh1 ,13+*[*

.................................................................................................................................

�W1™1c1— Y1a1g* Z*a˜\U*cd ™* d –`\a1Vd a,*V1Z\cS a–*,*Y +*`1Y DDDDDDDDDDDDDD a*˜S

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�1 S™S d V`1,1˜ d aS˜Z1 a*˜1D t�`d™SY a1 ™* S™1Y dV`1,1˜ d `*4dYZ\ ,`1Y1rE V*31 �*˜*`SZ*E V\U* SY*5< —\™SZ*D�1Y\U c*aV*˜S ™\ V*aZ\ d Z\cD t�\Z1V*™ Y1 –`SU*O

˜1XS 4\,d S j*Xd �� –\`dV1 ™\ V*aZ\ d Z\crE V*3165O—\™Sj[S \+1`˜E t*WS \™Z1™*,Z\ a*Y Z*dhS\ ™*aV`*˜SY `*4—\,\` S \Z™* \™1Y Z* a–*,*[1Dr�™`3*,*U da˜*X1ZS `S˜*YD t� 4*™[1 ,`1Y1 ˜`d™SY

a1 ™* a,*VS ™*Z W131Y S da˜*U1Y d Sa˜\ ,`1Y1rE V*316>O—\™Sj[* *aYSZ*D

�1g1–˜ 4* da–1fD �\Vdj*U ™* a,*V1 Z\cS a–*,*j +*O`1Y \a*Y a*˜SD�V\WSV\ dhSZSj Z1V\WSV\ U1™Z\a˜*,ZSf a˜,*`S ™*

+S +`SZd\ \ a1+SE ZSj˜* Z1 —d+SjE ,1c a*Y\ ™\+SU*jD�1 4*+\`*,S ™* ™\+`\ 4™`*,X1 ,\™S ™\ ™\+`\— S4—W1O™*E \™WShZ\— `*a–\W\31[* S ˜\–Oe\`Y1D ˛* `*4WSVd\™ ™`d—Sf a˜,*`S Z* V\U1 Z1Y*j d˜Sg*UE eS4ShV\ a˜*O[1 U1 Z1j˜\ Z* j˜* d S4,1aZ\U Y1`S Y\31j ™* d˜SOh1jD t�* V`*Ud V`*U1,*rE V*31 5=O—\™Sj[* ˚Y*E t˜,\OU1 4™`*,X1 U1 –\Z*U,Sj1 d ˜,\USY `dV*Y*Dr

= G�1W1aZ\ ,13+*[1 V\`Sa˜SF L5D �SY\˜1Ud 8B<M˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 1 Y\31j ™* a1 aW\3Sja `\™S˜1XSY* V*™* U1 `1h \ \™1cSH �*4Z*U V*V\Y\31˜1 Z*cS 4*U1™ZShVS U14SVD


˘ *V\ +`S—* \ 4™`*,Xd Y\31 d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜,\U1a*Y\–\d4™*[1H

˘ "˜* U1 ,*3ZSU1 \™ +`S—1 4* eS4ShV\ 4™`*,X1HL5D �SY\˜1Ud 8B<M

"� � �˚��H

11

"˜* ™* \+dh1YH

�1W1Z* a1 a–`1YSW* ™* S4*01 S4 Vdc1E * [1ZS`\™S˜1XS Z1 Y\—d ™* ,1`dUd a,\USY \hSY*Dt ˜\Y1 YSaWSj ™* S4*01jHrE j\VS`*Z\ U1–S˜* \˜*gDt j˜* e*WSHrE \™—\,*`* \Z* –\Y*W\ 4*hd01Z\Dt�™1Y a*Y\ ™\ ˜`3Z\— g1Z˜`* ™* a1 ,S™SYa ™`dj˜,\YDrt˚ ˜*V\ \+dh1Z*E ,*W*E Z1c1jIrE V*31 Y*Y*DtWS Y*Y*rE V*31 �1W1Z* –W*hZSY —W*a\YE t˜\a,S YW*™S Z\a1D �aSY ˜\—*E ˜\ U1 a*™* d ˜`1Z™dIrt˚ –* Z*Y* a1 Z1 ™\–*™* ˜*U ˜,\U G˜`1Z™FIrEa˜`\—\ \™—\,*`* \˜*gD t�Y1a˜* ™* aS \˜SjW* da\+d S –`1a,dVW* a1 SWS Z1 S™1j ZSVd™*Ir

77

��˚�˚ V\–*X* \V\ \™1,*[* ZSU1 ZSj˜* Z\O,\D� �*™* ad +SWS d ˜,\USY —\™SZ*Y*E ˜,\US `\™S˜1OXS ad ,1`\,*˜Z\ ,\™SWS aWShZ1 +S˜V1 a* a,\USY `\O™S˜1XSY*D � ,1`\,*˜Z\ ad a1 \a1c*WS Sa˜\ V*\ ˜Sa*™*I �WSE \ZS ad a*™* d ™`d—\U dW\4S S –S˜*[1 S4+\O`* \™1c1 S4*4S,* h1a˜1 adV\+1D�S V*31jB �\ U1 SZD�ZS V*3dB �4—W1™*j +dZ˜\,Z\D�S V*31jB *V\ YS a1 ™\–*™*I�ZS V*3dB �*V\ U1 S4*4\,Z\D�S V*31jB �\ U1 d–\W* g1Z1D�ZS V*3dB � ˜`1+* ™* +d™1DDD �\W* Z1™\a˜*U1I�\a˜\US WS Z1VS Z*hSZ ™* aVW\–S˜1 –`SYS`U1H

˙*I �1—*ZE V\U* SY* 67 —\™SZ1E \˜V`SW* U1 d h1Yd U1˜*UZ*D t�1Y* –\˜`1+1 ™* a1 a,*0*˜1rE V*31 \Z*D t�\O31˜1 a1 ™\—\,\`S˜SDr ˙\—\,\`S˜SH ˙* WS ˜\ 4Z*hS™* ˜`1+* ™* a1 \+W*hSj V*\ Z1V* t˜1˜V*rH �*Y*Z –\OaW*I ˙\—\,\`S˜S a1 4Z*hS `*4—\,*`*˜S \ `*4WSV*OY* S –`\Z*cS `1j1[1 V\U1 c1 a1 ™\–*a˜S S [SY*P S ˜1+SD ˛*j˜\ U1 ˜\ V\`SaZ\H5D �4—W1™*c1j U*V\ W1–\ h*V S d \hSY* a,\USf ,`O

j[*V*D6D \™S˜1XS c1 ˜1 Y*[1 V`S˜SV\,*˜S 4+\— \™1c1D7D �*V\Z j˜\ a1 d,1`1 ™* aS \™—\,\`Z* Z* \,\Y

–\™`dhUdE ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1 ˜S ™*˜S ,Sj1 aW\+\™1 S Z*™`d—SY –\™`dhUSY*D˛*˜\E f*U™1 ™* –\hZ1Y\D �1˜S a1 tV`–Sg*r V\U1 YSO

aWSj ™* tY\`*j SY*˜Sr *V\U1 aS ,S™1W* d Z1V\Y +dO˜SVd SWS ˜`3Z\Y g1Z˜`dD�*\ –`,\DDD

� � \,\Y –\—W*,Xd hS˜*\gd a1\+`*c*Y\ d 31ZaV\Y `\™dE Y*™*a1 SZe\`Y*gSU1 \™Z\a1 Z* \+*–\W*D


�`,S d˜Sa*V V\US\a˜*,Sj Z* Xd™1h1a˜\ 4*,SaS \™˜,\U1 —*`™1`\+1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

4YS d \+4S` +S+WSUaV* Z*h1W*˛*ZSYXS,\E �S+WSU* Z1 —\,\`S YZ\—\ \ \+W*h1O

[dD ˛*–`*,\E ™* +S –`\hS˜*W* a,1 a*,1˜1 V\US —\,\O`1 ™S`1V˜Z\ \ ˜\Y1E ™\,\XZ\ ˜S U1 a*Y\ Z1V\WSV\YSZd˜*I �* S–*VE d [\U Y\31j Z*cS –\d4™*Z1 S,`1™Z1 a*,1˜1D �* –`SY1`B

˘ �S+WSU* a*,1˜dU1 31Z1 ™* t+d™d aV`\YZ1 S `*4O+\`S˜1r V*™* U1 d –S˜*[d \™1,*[1 L5D �SY\˜1Ud 6B=E5>MD�\3™* ˜1 +`SZ1 `1h taV`\YZ1rD G�\`*Y WS ™* Z*O

,dh1Y i*V Z* a1+1HFE –S˜*j a1D �*`*,Z\ ™* Z1I �\,\Y V\Z˜1Va˜dE aV`\YZ\a˜ 4Z*hS ™* a,\USY \™1,*O[1Y –\V*31j ™* SY*j a*Y\–\j˜\,*[1 S \+4S`–`1Y* \a1c*[SY* ™`d—Sf L6D �\`SZc*ZSY* :B7MD�Y* ™\a˜* —*`™1`\+1 V\U* \™—\,*`* \,\Y V`S˜1`SUdOYdD t�\3™* ZSU1 d,1V W*V\rE V*31 67O—\™Sj[* ˙*OZSU1W*E t*WS Y\31j SY*˜S ™\+*` a˜*UWSZ—E * ™* Z1S™1j d V`*UZ\a˜SDr

˘ �*™* a1 `*™S \ S4—W1™dE �S+WSU* V*31 ™*˜`1+* ™* a1 da`1™a`1™Sj Z* G˜*UZd \a\+d a`g*FE˜\ U1a˜ Z* a,\U1 GdZd˜`*Oj[1 +Sc1FE V*\ j˜\ a˜\US d�*,`1Y1Z\Y a`–aV\Y –`1O,\™d L5D �1˜`\,* 7B8MD˛+\— Z1–`Sa˜\UZ1 \™1c1

Y\3™* c1 a1 YZ\—S \V`1O˜*˜S 4* ˜\+\YE *WS dZdO˜`*j[* W1–\˜* U1 \Z\ j˜\˜S ™\Z\aS ™d—\`\hZ\ –\Oj˜\,*[1 S \™`*aWSf S

= t�1V* ,*j dV`*a Z1 +d™1 da–\X*j[\a˜SDDD Z1—\ Z1V* ˜\ +d™1˜*UZ* \a\+* a`g*r L5D �1˜`\,* 7B7E 8M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

"˜* ™* \+dh1YH 79

�4+1—*,*U a˜SW\,1V\US Z*—W*j*,*Uda1Vad*WZ\a˜D ˛+\—˜\—* Y\31jS4—W1™*˜S Z*–*™Z\SWS dYSjX1Z\D

�˚� ��

,`j[*V*D �\j˜\,*[1 ,`j[*V*H ˙*E U1` h*V S \ZSd,S0*Ud V\WSV\ ad —`\4ZS Z1VS 1Va˜`1YZS a˜SW\,SDt�™,`*˜Z\ YS U1 V*V\ a1 Z1V1 ™1,\UV1 \+W*h1 GZ*S4,\WG˜1F S –`\a˜\ Z*+*gdUd YdjV*`gSY*IrE V*315:O—\™Sj[* *[*D �W*`* a1 aW*31 a [\YD �\,\`1OcS \ U1™Z\U +S,j\U ™`d—*`SgSE \Z* V*31B t�* a,1Ydj˜\ U1 Z\aSW* V*\ ™* U1 ,1WSVSY aW\,SY* –Sa*W\BG�`SY1˜S˜1 Y1DF ˝1W1W* U1 ™* –`S,dh1 –*3[d Y\OY*V* S +SW* U1 –`1˜1`*Z\ Z*Y\Z˜S`*Z* a*Y\ ™* +S˜\ –\a˜S—W*Dr

,*3S YSjX1[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*�\j1[1 Z1–`SVW*™Z1 \™1c1 d `*Zgd S –`1a,W*O

h1[1 d jV\WS ZSU1 `1j1[1D �˜1cS c1j ,1c1 –\,1O`1[1 `\™S˜1X* *V\ \˜,\`1Z\ S SaV`1Z\ `*4—\,*O`*j a [SY*E h*V S \ \Z\Y1 j˜\ +S Y\—W* ™* d`*™Sj[SY* S4* W10*D �a˜,*`SE ˜`1+*W\ +S ™* Sf –S˜*j 4*

�4 Z*j1—Z*hSZ* \™1,*[*Xd™S Y\—da*4Z*˜S –dZ\˜\—* \ Z*Y*D"˜* ˜,\U*\™1c* V*31\ ˜1+SH

j˜*Y\U*\™1c

*

V*31 \

Y1ZS

?


YSjX1[1 \ ˜,\Y \™1,*[d L�\aW\,Sg1 59B66C V\`SOa˜S tWSa˜Sc 4* S4+\` —*`™1`\+1r Z* <6D S <7D a˜`*OZSMD�WS 4*j˜\ +S ˜`1+*W\ ™* Sf ˜\ –S˜*jH�\3™* YSO

aWSj ™* `\™S˜1XS f\c1 ™* S4—W1™*j a˜*`\Y\™Z\D�SU1 ˜\ d –S˜*[dD �a˜SZ* U1 ™* ˜,\US Y*Y* S ˜*˜*Y\3™* —W1™*Ud Z* a˜,*`S S4 ™`d—\— d—W*D �WS –\Z1OV*™ ˜S U1 d–`*,\ ˜\ –\˜`1+Z\D t�1ZSY a*,1˜1 `\O™S˜1X*rE V*31 5;O—\™Sj[* �*˜*WSZE t4*˜\ j˜\ Z131WSY ™* a1 +W*YS`*Y –`1™ Xd™SY* S ™* Y1 4+\—S4—W1™* +SU1 W\j —W*aDr�* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E ™\V —\™ aS –\™ V`\,\Y a,\USf `\O

™S˜1X*E Y\`*j Sf aWdj*˜S L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B6>MD �*

’’ �1 Y\—d ™* –\j˜dU1Y gd`1 V\U1 S4—W1™*Ud`*4—\WSc1Z\D � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E V*™* ,S™SY–`Sa˜\UZ\E * S–*V Y\™1`Z\ \™1,1Z1 ™1,\UV1E–\YSaWSYB G–`*,\ +Sf ˜*V\ ,\W1W*™* Y1 ™`d—S ,S™1F‘‘ L�*˜*WSZM

�W*Z –\`\™Sg1 SWS Z1VS 4`1\ –`SU*˜1X a V\USY+Sf a1 –\a*,1˜\,*W* \ V\Y*™d \™1c1 V\US31WSY ™* Vd–SY

.................................................................................................................................

�*™* aW1™1cS –d˜ Vd–SY Z1Vd tV`–SgdrE d41cdd \+4S` aW1™1c1 a˜,*`S

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1W* ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˛*j˜\ U1 ™\+`\ ™* d,*3SY YSjX1[1`\™S˜1X*H ................................................

.....................................................................

"˜* a1E *V\ U1 d\–j˜1 Y\—dc1E Y\31dhSZS˜S ™* +S V\ZV`1˜ZS V\Y*™ \™1Oc1 S4—W1™*\ –`Sa˜\UZSU1H.....................................................................

.....................................................................

WSa˜Sc4*

S4+\`—*`™1`\+1

�–d˜a˜,\B�aV\–S`*U\,1a˜`*Z1D˛*Y\WS`\™S˜1X1™*–\–dZ1™1aZda˜`*ZdE

*˜S–\–dZSW1,dD˛*˜SY`*4Y1ZS˜1WSa˜\,1S–\`*4—\,*`*U˜1\\™—\,\`SY*D

˙*WSad,*aZ1VS\™—\,\`SS4Z1Z*™SWSH˙*WSa˜1a*4Z*WSZ1j˜\Z\,\

U1™ZS\™`d—SY*H

4*U1™ZShVSY aZ*—*Y*

4* ˜1+1 *4YSaWS \ Z1V\Y V\Y*™d\™1c1 V\US 31WSj ™* Z\aSj \™Z\aZ\Vd–SjD

˛*j˜\ ˜S a1 ™\–*™*H �\`10*U ™\[1a˜*,V1 –\ ,*3Z\a˜SDı ...... �\+Z* Y*`V*

...... �`S,W*hZ\ U1 ad–`\˜Z\Y –\Wd

...... �d–1` U1 d \hSY* ,`j[*V*

...... ™\+Z\ U1

...... �1Z* U1 ™\+`*

...... ˙`d—\ ................................................

�`,* `1*VgSU* Y\USf `\™S˜1X* Z* ˜d\™1cd ,1`\,*˜Z\ +S +SW*B

O t�1 ™\W*4S d \+4S`IrO t�SU1 W\j1DrO t˙\+`\ U1Dr

V\ +S SY*WS Z1Vd 4*Y1`VdE \Z* +SZ*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1 +SW*B

O t�`1,Sj1 U1 S4*4\,Z\DrO t�4—W1™* +dZ˜\,Z\DrO t�`1,Sj1 U1 d ˜`1Z™dDrO t˙*U1 W\jd aWSVd \ Z*Y* V*\`\™S˜1XSY*Dr

O t�`1aVd–\ U1DrO ˙`d—\ ....................................................

82

˙* WS U1 ˜\ j˜\ Z*Y a1 \™1,ZS –`1™Y1˜Z1 ™\–*™* a*Y\ a˜,*` WShZ\— dVda*H

O ˙* O �\3™* O �1

"˜* a1E *V\ U1 d\–j˜1 Y\—dc1E Y\31dhSZS˜S ™* +S V\ZV`1˜ZS V\Y*™ \™1Oc1 S4—W1™*\ –`Sa˜\UZSU1H......................................................................

......................................................................

™\ `1j1[*

4* ˜,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 *4YSaWS˜1 \ Z1V\YV\Y*™d \™1c1 V\US ,*j1 ™1˜1 *™\W1ag1Z˜aV\—d4`*a˜* 31WS ™* Z\aS \™Z\aZ\ Vd–SD

˛*j˜\ YSaWS˜1 ™* a1 ˜\ ™\–*™* ,*Oj1Y ™1˜1˜dH �\`10*U˜1 ™\[1 a˜*,V1–\ ,*3Z\a˜S \Z*V\ V*V\ YSaWS˜1 ™*+S Sf ,*j1 ™1˜1 –\`10*W\D

...... �\+Z* Y*`V*

...... �`S,W*hZ\ U1 ad–`\˜Z\Y –\Wd

...... �d–1` U1 d \hSY* ,`j[*V*

...... ™\+Z\ U1

...... �1Z* U1 ™\+`*

...... ˙`d—\ ................................................

�\U* –`,* `1*VgSU* U1BO t�1 ™\W*4S d \+4S`IrO t�SU1 W\j1DrO t˙\+`\ U1Dr

�*4W\— 4+\— V\— +Sf Y\—*\NY\—W*–`S—\,\`S˜SB

O t�`1,Sj1 U1 S4*4\,Z\DrO t�4—W1™* +dZ˜\,Z\DrO t�`1,Sj1 U1 d ˜`1Z™dDrO t˙*U1 W\jd aWSVd \ Z*Y* V*\`\™S˜1XSY*Dr

O t�`1aVd–\ U1DrO ˙`d—\ ....................................................

\™WdV* ............................................... 83

S–*VE V*™ U1™Z\Y af,*˜Sj [Sf\,\ —W1™Sj˜1 P S\ZS ˜,\U1 P ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j a1 S4Z1Z*™S˜S V\WSV\c1˜1 h1a˜\ Z*cS 4*U1™ZShVS U14SVD ˛*˜\ c1 Y\3™*W\YX1[1 V\–*X* \V\ \™1,*[* Z* V`*Ud –`1a˜*˜SI�\™ZS a*,1˜D �*™* Z1j˜\ –`\+*jE d4YS d \+4S`

,Sj1 \™ \Z\—* j˜\ ,S™Sj d \—W1™*WdD �*S4—W1™–`Sa˜\UZ* \™1c* Y\31 ™1W\,*˜S ™`d—*hSU1 V*™*a1™Z1j SWS a1 a*—Z1j ™* Z1j˜\ ™\f,*˜SjD �V\WSOV\ U1 Y\—dc1E –S˜*U 4* YSjX1[1 `\™S˜1X1 SWS 4`1OWd –`SU*˜1XSgdD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS aS a*Y a1+S Z*U—\`SZ1–`SU*˜1XH"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S *V\ Z1 ,\WSj a1+1H


�S+WSUaV* Z*h1W* V\U* ad \aY\˜`1Z* d \,\Y –\—W*O,Xd ,*31 S 4* Y\YV1D �d™S –`Sa˜\U*ZD �1V* ™\ S4`*O3*U* ™\01 ˜,\U* ˜*UZ* \a\+* a`g* P \Z\ j˜\ aS ˜SS4Zd˜`*D *™* `*4YSjX*j ™* WS ™* Z1j˜\ \+dh1jE–S˜*U a1B G"˜* \,* \™1c* \˜V`S,* \ Y1ZSH ˙* WS c1Y1 –`SV*4*˜S d –`*,\Y a,1˜WdHF �1Y\U 4*+\`*,S˜S ™*U1 \™1,*[1 Z*hSZ S4`*3*,*[*D �1V* ˜,\U* \™1c* d,1V\™`*3*,* \Z\ d j˜* ,1`dU1jI

* j˜* `1cS 4* Y\YV1H

˘ ˛*j˜\ a1 `\™S˜1XS S ™1g* h1a˜\ Z1 aW*3dV*™* U1 `1h \ S4+\`d —*`™1`\+1H

˘ \U1 \a\+SZ1 `*4,SU*j V*™* `*4—\,*`*ja `\™S˜1XSY* \ a,\Y \™1,*[dH

"� � �˚��H

12

�*V\ Y\—d SY*˜S™\,\XZ\ a*Y\–\d4™*[*H

�*™* a1 –\—W1™*j d \—W1™*W\E™* WS ˜S a1 ™\–*™* \Z\ j˜\ ,S™SjH

ı˙* �1O O

˙* WS aY*˜`*j ™* SY*j,1j˜SZ1 V\U1 ad 4* –\f,*WdH O O

˙* WS aS d a˜*[d ™* a1 \™d–`1j–`S˜SaVd ,`j[*V*H O O

Y1j WS ™* –`Sf,*˜Sj\–`*,™*Zd V`S˜SVdH O O

�\31j WS ™* S4*01jZ* V`*U a Z1–`*,1™ZSY–`SY1™+*Y* ™`d—SfH O O

˙* WS a1 \a1c*j ,\X1Z\H O O

˙* WS +`SZ1j\ a,\Y 4™`*,XdH O O

˙* WS a1 `*™dU1jda–1aSY* ™`d—SfH O O

\–j˜1Z\ —\,\`1cSE ™* WSa1+1 aY*˜`*j da–1jZSYH O O

V\ aS Z* Z1V\WSV\ –S˜*[*\™—\,\`S\ \™`ShZ\E Y\—dc1

U1 ™* 4+\— Z1™\a˜*˜V*a*Y\–\d4™*[* Z1 ,S™Sj

a,\U1 ™\+`1 a˜`*Z1D�,\ –\—W*,X1 ˜S Y\31–\Y\cS ™* Sf \˜V`SU1jI

85

˚��YW*™Sf \a1c* Z1aS—d`Z\a˜ 4+\— a,\— S4—W1O™*E a–\a\+Z\a˜S SWS d˜SaV* V\US \a˜*,X* Z* ,`j[*OV1D ˙* WS U1 S a ˜\+\Y ˜*V\H �V\ U1a˜1E 4Z*U ™* ZSaSU1™SZSIt�\U1 Y*Z1 Y1 d+SU*Ud d –\U*YD �+ShZ\ a*Y a*Y*

a1+S Z*U—\`S V`S˜Sh*`r L�1Z*MDt�\WSV\ —\™ ™* W1–\ S4—W1™*jE d,1V c1j YSaWS˜S

™* Z1V\ S4—W1™* +\X1 \™ ˜1+1r L�*Z*MDt�*™ a*Y d ™`dj˜,d SY*Y \a1c*U ™* ad a,1 \hS d–`O

˜1 d Y1Z1D �W*jSY a1 ™* cd Sa–*a˜S +14 ,141r L*f1OW*MD�V\ ad ˜S –\4Z*˜* \,*V,* \a1c*[*E Z1Y\U ™* –*™*j

d \h*UD �S˜d*gSU* ZSU1 +14Z*™13Z*D �aY\˜`S ˜`Sa˜,*`S V\U1 c1 ˜S –\Y\cS ™* a*—W1™*j a1+1 d –\4SO˜S,ZSU1Y a,1˜WdD

�SZS Z1j˜\ 4* ™`d—1XdhZS a˜SfD tSj1 da`1cdU1 ™*,*[1 Z1—\ –`SY*O

[1r L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 6>B79MD"˜* ˜\ 4Z*hSD �*™ –\Y*31j ™`d—SY*E –\Y*31j S

a1+SD �* V\US Z*hSZH t˙dj* V\U* ,1WSV\™djZ\ ™*U1Ed3S,*c1 +W*—\a˜*[1rE V*31 +S+WSUaV* –\aW\,Sg*Dt�\ \+SWZ\ Z*–*U* ™`d—1E a*Y c1 +S˜S \+SWZ\ Z*–\OU1Zr L�\aW\,Sg1 55B69MD �1Y* adY[1 ™* c1j SY*˜S+\X1 YSjX1[1 \ a1+S *V\ –\Y*31j ™`d—SY*D�t*4YSjX*Y \ ˜\Y1 j˜* Y\—d ™* dhSZSY 4* ™`d—1

S Z*a˜\USY ™* –\Y\—Z1Y Z1V\Y1 S4 aVd–j˜SZ1 V*™*U1 ˜\ –\˜`1+Z\D �a1c*Y a1 +\X1 V*™* –\V*4dU1Y XdO

+*, S –\VW*[*Y –*3[d ™`dO—SY*r L*W1`SU*MDt�Wd3+* –`\–\,1™*[* ™\O

Z\aS `*™\a˜ U1` ˜1 –\™a˜SO

� �V\ aS 1f\,SZ a,1™\VE SY*U Z*dYd ™* Y\31j \a1˜S˜S ,1WSVd `*O™\a˜ V*™ ™`d—SY* –`1Z\aSj –\O`dVd \ �\3U1Y �`*X1,a˜,d L�a*SU*96B;MD


�W1™Sj˜1 V\U1 ™`d—SSY*Ud \ ˜1+SE –* h*V SZ*hSZ Z* V\US a1 –`1Y*˜1+S \–f\™1E Y\314*,SaS˜S \™ ˜\—* V*V\—W1™*j Z* a1+1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

h1 ™* Z1 YSaWSj a*Y\ Z* a1+1 ,1c S Z* ™`d—1r L \O,*ZMD 1h \–`14*D �1Y\U ™* –\Y*31j ™`d—SY* a*Y\ ™*

+S ™\+S\ Z1j˜\ 4* d4,`*˜ L�*˜1U :B6O8MD ˙*,*[1 S4–\—`1jZSf Y\˜S,* ZSVd™* Z1 ,\™SD �+ShZ\ Xd™SW*V\ –`\4`d ™* U1 d –S˜*[d —WdY*I L5D �\Wd[*ZSY*6B9E :MD�S aS Z* –\˜14dD �1˜S a1 Z1V1 \a\+1 V\U\U aS `*ZSU1

–\Y\—*\D �\ U1 ˜\ +S\ S j˜* aS dhSZS\ 4* [dH

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�*V\ aS a1 –\aW1 ˜\—* \a1c*\H

..................................................................................................

�\Y1 +S U\j Y\—*\ –\Y\cSH ˛*–SjS V*V,d +S –\OY\c Y\—*\ ™* –`d3SjD

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�`\Z*0S –`SU*˜1X1XdhZS a˜SfD t�`*,S –`SO

U*˜1X ,\WS d a,*V\ ™\+*E Sd Z1,\XS +`*˜ –\a˜*U1r L�\OaW\,Sg1 5;B5;MD"˜* ˜\ 4Z*hSD ˙\+*` –`SO

U*˜1X ˜S Y\31 –`d3S˜S \—O`\YZd –\™`jVd V*™ Z*a˜*Zd˜1jV\c1 L5D �*YdSW\,* 5<B5C5=B6MD �a1c*j a1 +\X1 S –`S

=t�1V* a,*V\ Sa–S˜* a,\U1 ™1W\E –* c1`*4W\— 4* 4*™\,\Xa˜,\ SY*˜S d a*Y\Ya1+SE * Z1 d–\`10dUdcS a1 a ™`d—SY*r

L�*W*˜SY* :B8M˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ Y\—d SY*˜S ™\,\XZ\ a*Y\–\d4™*[*H 87

�1Y\U a1+1 –`1V\`*,*O˜S S4U*,*Y* ˜S–*B G�*a*Y ZdW*F S G�SV*™*ZSj˜* Z1 dhSZSY V*V\˜`1+*FD �*V,1 YSaWSa*Y\ ˜1 ,dVd V* ™ZdD�Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E –`S4Z*Ua1+S a,\U1 Y*Z1E *WS+d™S a,1a˜*Z S a,\USfU*hSf a˜`*Z*D

�˚� ��

a*Y\U –\YSaWS ™* Z1V\ +`SZ1 4* ˜1+1 L5D �\`SZc*ZSOY* 5:B5;E 5<MD ˛*˜\ a1 4+WS3S a \ZSY* V\US Z* ˜1+1d˜Shd –\4S˜S,Z\Dt�`*,S –`SU*˜1XS ˜1 Z1c1 \a˜*,S˜S V*™ aS d +1™*O

Vdr L˙*,\`MDt�\Z1V*™ U1 Z*U,*3ZSU1 4Z*˜S ™* U1 Z1V\Y1 SaV`1O

Z\ a˜*W\ ™\ ˜1+1D ˛+\— ˜\—* a1 \a1c*j ,`1™Z\r L�1OW1ZMD 1h \–`14*D �,\US –`SU*˜1XS ˜`1+* ™* SY*Ud –`*O

,d aWSVd\ ˜1+SD ˛*˜\ a1 Z1Y\U –`1˜,*`*˜S ™* aS Z1V\™`d—S a*Y\ ™* +S +S\ –`Sf,*c1Z L�\aW\,Sg1 57B6>C5<B68C 5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 59B77MD �V\ hSZSj Z1j˜\Z1Yd™`\ a*Y\ ™* +S 4*™S,S\ ™`d—1E Z* V`*Ud c1ja1 \a1c*˜S –\ZS31Z\ S SaV\`Sjc1Z\ LSYX*ZSY*:B65MD�S aS Z* –\˜14dD �*–SjS SY1 –`SU*˜1X* V\US +S

˜S Z* Sa–`*,*Z Z*hSZ Y\—*\ –\Y\cS ™* –\,1c*ja,\U1 a*Y\–\d4™*[1D

ı..................................................................................................

˛*j˜\ Z1 +S Sa–W*ZS`*\ ™* ,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z* –`\,\O™Sj a* \a\+\Y V\Ud aS Z*,1\H L�*–\Y1Z*B �\ Z1 Y\`*+S˜S Z1V\ ˜,\USf —\™SZ*DM

�1Y\U a1 d+SU*˜S d –\U*Y 4+\— —`1j*V*XdhZS a˜SfD t�,S ad a*—`1jSWS S Z1 \™`*3*,*Ud

�\3Ud aW*,dr LSYX*ZSY* 7B67MD"˜* ˜\ 4Z*hSD �`Sf,*˜S hS[1ZSgd ™* aS Z1a*,`O

j1ZD ˛+\— ˜\—* c1j Z1VS –d˜ `1cS SWS h*V d`*™S˜SZ1j˜\ –\—`1jZ\ LSYX*ZSY* ;B65O67C *V\,X1,*7B6MD �*V\ Z1 Y\31jS4+1cS —`1jV1E Y\31j V\Z˜`\OWSa*˜S a,\Ud `1*VgSUd Z* [SfD �S+WSU* V*31B t�V\

’’ �1V\ Y\31 +S˜S S4d41˜Z\ W1–E * S–*VYSaWS˜S ™* U1 `d3*ZD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E Z1V\V\ Z1 S4—W1™* +\—4Z* V*V\ Y\31 aY*˜`*˜S™* U1 Z*UOe*g*D �,1 U1 d a˜*,d‘‘ LWSa*M


–`*,1™ZSV S a1™*Y –d˜* –*™Z1E \–1˜ c1 da˜*˜Sr L�\OaW\,Sg1 68B5:MDt�\Z1V*™ SY*Y\ ZSaV\ a*Y\–\j˜\,*[1 U1` –\`1O

™SY\ a,\U1 aW*+\a˜S a ,`WSZ*Y* ™`d—Sfr L�1,SZMDt�,S SY*Ud ™\+`1 S W\j1 a˜`*Z1D �`1+* ™* +d™1Y\

–\Z\aZS Z* ™\+`1 \a\+SZ1 S ™* `*™SY\ Z* W\jSYrL�\`*MD 1h \–`14*D�1Y\U ™* V\`Sa˜Sj Z1a*,`j1Z\a˜ V*\

S4—\,\` 4* hS[1[1 —`1f* L�*W*˜SY* 9B57MD �V\ a1 Z*OY1`Z\ d–dj˜*j d Z1Sa–`*,Z\ –\a˜d–*[1E S4—d+SOc1j \™\+`*,*[1 Z*U,*3ZSU1 \a\+1 P 1f\,1 �\—*IL 1,`1USY* 5>B6:E 6;MD�S aS Z* –\˜14dD �,™1 4*–SjS V\Ud +S \a\+SZd 31O

W1\ ™* SY*j d U\j ,1c\U Y1`SD

ı..................................................................................................

�*–SjS –\`1™ [1 S ™*˜dYD �a˜`*3S V*V\ U1 Y\O31j –\+\Xj*˜S S 4* Y1a1g ™*Z* –`\,1`S V\WSV\ aSZ*–`1™\,*\D

�*™* Y1 ,`j[*gS +d™d \Y*W\,*3*,*WSE U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�*™* –\hZ1Y ™* –`SY1cdU1Y a*Y\ a,\U1 Y*Z1E\Z™* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�,\U* –`*,*,`1™Z\a˜�S+WSU* V*31 ™* U1 G�\—

,1cS \™ Z*j1— a`g*FL5D \,*Z\,* 7B6>MD �\E S4OY10d \a˜*W\—E 4Z*hS ™*\Z ,S™S ˜,\U1 ™\+`1 \a\O

+SZ1 V\USf ˜S Y\3™* ZSaS a,1a˜*ZD ˙* WS ˜,\U1 Y*Z1Y1[*Ud [1—\,\ YSjX1[1H ˛*YSaWS ™* SY*j Z\,h*OZSgd \™ 5>> 1,`* V\U* U1 Y*W\ \j˜1c1Z*D ˙* WS c1j U1+*gS˜S aY*˜`*UdcS ™* U1 a*™* +14,`1™Z*H �SV*V\I �Z*S ™*X1 ,`1™SE +14 \+4S`* ™* WS U1 \j˜1c1Z* SWS Z1D�\— Z* aWSh*Z Z*hSZ —W1™* Z* ˜,\Ud ,`1™Z\a˜D ˛*

[1—* ˜,\U1 Y*Z1 Z1 4*a1[dUd ˜,\U1 ,`WSZ1D �Z 4*–*O3* S g1ZS ˜,\U ˜`d™ ™* Yd d—\™SjE +14 \+4S`* V\WSOV\ ˜1+S Y\31 ™1W\,*˜S +14Z*h*UZ\ \Z\ j˜\ hSZSjI"˜*,Sj1E �S+WSU* ˜1 d,1`*,*B G�\— ZSU1 Z1–`*,1™*Z–* ™* 4*+\`*,S ˜,\U ˜`d™ S Xd+*, V\Ud aS –\V*4*\–`1Y* [1—\,\Y SY1ZdF L 1,`1USY* :B5>MD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ˜1 Z1V*™ aW\YS–`1,1WSV* ˜d—*H �V\ U1 ˜*V\E j˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SH

�*j V*\ j˜\ \j˜1c1Z*Z\,h*ZSg* S ™*X1 SY* a,\Ud,`1™Z\a˜E ˜*V\ S ˜S ,`1™Sjd �\3USY \hSY* +14 \+4S`*Z* a,\Ud Z1a*,`j1Z\a˜


˘ ˛*j˜\ –\a1+Z\ YW*™S Y\—d +S˜S aVW\ZSZ1™\a˜*˜Vd a*Y\–\d4™*[*H

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ SY*˜S 4™`*,d Y1`da*Y\–\j˜\,*[*H

"� � �˚��H

˙� �� aS a1 SV*™* \a1c*\ –\–d˜ �1WS SWS \+1`˜*H�V\ U1aSE Z1Y\U +`4\ 4*VXdhS˜S ™* a ˜\+\Y Z1j˜\ ZSU1d `1™dD �S[1ZSg* U1 ™* a,*V\Y1 –\Z1V*™ +d™1 ˜1jV\D�*V\ Z1j˜\ a1 ™1j*,*W\ h*V S –\+\3ZSY Xd™SY* S4+S+WSUaV\— ™\+* L5D �*YdSW\,* 5B:O<C �a*W*Y 79B58MD

13

�*V\ ™*–\+1™SY +\W

d ™djSH

t�*™ —\™ U1 ™`d—SY* ˜1jV\E U* a*Y ˜d ™* `1OjSY [Sf\,1 –`\+W1Y1 S ™* Sf \`*a–\W\3SYDWS \Z™* ™\W*4S ™1\ V\US Y*W\ [Sf 4Z*P \™W*4SY VdcS d a,\Ud a\+d S –W*h1Yr L�1WSMt�*™* a*Y d +1™*VdE ,\WSY ™* +d™1Y a*YD V\Y1 –\4\,d Z1—™1E Z*01Y S4—\,\` ™* Z1 \™1YD˙\+`\ aV`S,*Y a,\U* \a1c*[* \™ –\`\™Sg1D�ZS YSaW1 ™* U1 a,1 d `1™dr L�\+1`˜M

91

� Z1VSY aWdh*U1,SY*E Y\3™* 4Z*j j˜* ˜1 U1 \Z1`*Oa–\W\3SW\E ™\V d ™`d—SY Z1 4Z*jD t�1 Y\`*j +S˜Sd a˜`*jZ\ ˜1jV\U aS˜d*gSUS ™* +S a1 \a1c*\ W\j1rEV*31 5=O—\™Sj[* �Z*D t�1—*˜S,Z* \a1c*[* a1 Y\—dU*,S˜S +SW\ V*™*E –* S \Z™* V*™* Z1Y*j Z1VS V\ZV`1O˜*Z –`\+W1YD �d™Z\ U1E *WS U1 ˜*V\Ir�\US —\™ ™* U1 d4`\V P h*V S *V\ a1 hSZS ™* Z1 –\O

a˜\US P j˜* Y\31j d`*™S˜S V*™* ˜S a1 Z*,dVd g`ZS\+W*gSH �\Vdj*U aW1™1c1D5D *4—\,*`*U a Z1VSYD �*™* Yd U1 +SW\ ,1\Y* ˜1jV\E

\, U1 `1V*\B t�\,\`Scd d —\`hSZS ™dj1 a,\U1r L \,5>B5MD�1WSB t�1,1`\,*˜Z\ U1 V\WSV\ YS +d™1 W*Vj1 V*™*

a1 Z1V\Y –\,1`SYD �\Z*hZ\ Z1V\ 4Z* V`\4 j˜* –`\W*O4SYD �Z™* V*\ ™* ˜*U Z1V\ +*gS V\Z\–*g S S4,dh1 Y1S4 ™d+\V1 U*Y1 d V\Ud a*Y d–*W* P S \a1c*Y ™* a*Y Z*UO4*™ a–*a1Z*Ir�`1™W\—B ˛*–SjS SY1 –`SU*˜1X* V\U1Y +S Y\—*\ ™*

a1 –\,1`Sj V*™ ˜S ™\01 3d˜* YSZd˜*D

ı..................................................................................................

6D �SjS V*V\ a1 \a1c*jD �*™* ˜d—* 4*Y`*hS ˜,\U–\—W1™ Z* 3S,\˜E Y\3™* +S Y\—*\ ™* 4*–SadU1ja,\U* `*4YSjX*[*D � Z*™*fZd˜SY –a*WYSY*E V`*X

˙*,S™ U1 –\Z1V*™ S4`*3*O,*\ ˜1aV\+d L�a*W*Y :B:MD�Sa*[1 \ ˜*V,SY \a1c*O[SY* Y\31 ˜S –\Y\cS ™*a*hd,*j tYd™`\a˜ S a–\a\+OZ\a˜ –`\ad0S,*[*r L�\aW\O,Sg1 7B65MD�1W1Z*B t�Sa*[1 YS –\O

Y*31 ™* d —W*,S a`1™SY 4+`OVd V\U* Z*a˜*U1 4+\— –*˜[1D�*™* a,\U* \a1c*[* –`1Z1Oa1j Z* –*–S` S a`1™Sj YSOaWSE ™dj1,Z* +\W –\W*V\ –\OhS[1 ™* –\–dj˜*Dr


�d41 ad �D DE h*VS *V\ aS YdjV\D� U1™Z\Y ˜`1Zd˜Vda,\— 3S,\˜*E V`*X˙*,S™ U1 –`S4Z*\Bt�,d Z\c ad4*Y*–\a˜1Xd a,\UdV,*aSYrL�a*W*Y :B:MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

V*V\d+W*3S˜S+\W

™\—*0*U

W\j*

`1*VgSU*

+\X*

`1*VgSU*

�\–dZS

–`*4Z*–\X*

�*

a˜*

,ZS

VY

Sa˜

,*`*

\a1c

*U

+14,

`1™Z

\a˜

S

�1c

d,S

j1

ZS

™*a1

˜`d

™SY

4*+\

XS

da–

1f�

S™S

6>

D–\—

W*,X

1\,

\—˜

\Y*

�`S

U*˜

1XY

SU1

\V`1

Zd\

W10*

"S

`SY

˜`*

h1,1

\[

1Yd

�S

™S5

>D–

\—W*

,X1

6D˜

\Y*

�\™S

˜1X

SY

Sa1

`*4,

\™1

�4W

\U10

1Za*

YZ

*U1

™Z\—

SWS

\+*

`\™S

˜1X

*�

S™S

8D–

\—W*

,X1

\,\—

˜\Y

*

ı..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

�*V\ ™* –\+1™SY +\W d ™djSH 93

�`1™W\—B �\`Sa˜S ˜*+1Wd Z* =7D a˜`*ZS ™* +S ™\j*\™\ –`*,\— `1j1[* d ˜1jVSY aS˜d*gSU*Y*D �\ c1 ˜S –\OY\cS ™* \™*—Z*j g`Z1 YSaWSD7D �\WS a1D �V\ d Y\WS˜,S S4`*4Sj a,\U1 +`S—1E �SO

+WSU* V*31 ™* c1 G�\3US YS` V\US –`1,*4SW*4S a,*VSdY hd,*˜S ˜,\U1 a`g1 S ˜,\U1 YSaWSF L�SWS–X*ZSY*8B:E ;MD˚W1Z*B t�\Vdj*,*W* a*Y ™* af,*˜SY 4+\— h1—* YS U1

+SW\ ˜\WSV\ W\j1E *WS ZSU1 YS da–1,*W\D �\WSW* a*Y 1f\,d ™* YS –\Y\—Z1 ™* +d™1Y a`1cZ*D 1c a*Y a1dY\`SW* \™ ˜\—* ™* +d™1Y a˜*WZ\ Z1`*a–\W\31Z* +14Z1V\— –\a1+Z\— `*4W\—*D �* V`*Ud a*Y da–1W* ™* –`1OVSZ1Y ˜*U 4*h*`*ZS V`d—D �SV*™* Z1Y\U –\˜g1ZS˜SY\c V\Ud SY* Y\WS˜,*Ir�`1™W\—B �1V* ˜S YSaWS S4 �a*WY* 57=B67E 68 ™*O

Ud S™1Ud j˜* ™* V*31j d a,\USY Y\WS˜,*Y* 1f\,SD�4WS,*U Yd a,\U1 a`g1 S ˜`*3S –\Y\c \™ [1—* ™* d˜,`O™Sj 4+\— h1—* aS ˜\WSV\ Z1a`1c*ZD�\`1™ –`1™W\—* V\U1 aY\ \,™1 Z*,1WSE SY*j ™`*—\O

g1Zd –\Y\c d �\3U\U 1hSE�S+WSUSD �d™`1 YSaWS V\U1a1 Z*W*41 d [\U –\4S˜S,Z\c1 d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜,\U* \a1c*O[* L�a*W*Y 5B5O7MD �`1™W\O4S V*V\ Y\31j S4,dcS V\O`Sa˜ S4 hS˜*[* �S+WSU1Z*W*41 a1 d \V,S`SY* t�4\`,`1™*Z \–\Z*j*[*r d \+*˜\Y* \,1 V[S—1D �* 66;Da˜`*ZS 6D ˜\Y*E h*V Y\O31j ,S™1˜S V*V\ a1 *–\a˜\W�*,W1 S4+\`S\ a –\,`1Y1OZSY Z1—*˜S,ZSY \a1c*[SO

= t�1f\,* U1 +WS4d \ZSf V\US adaW\YX1Z\— a`g*E S a–*a*,* \Z1 V\US

ad aV`f*Z\— ™df*r L�a*W*Y 78B5<M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙


�–SjS V*V\ a1 \a1c*jV*™* ZSaS d e\`YS Sj˜* YSaWSj ™* Y\31+S˜S d4`\VD �*V\ZY1a1g ™*Z*E –`\hS˜*Uj˜* aS Z*–Sa*\D ˙* WSa*™* Z* ˜\ —W1™*j™`d—*hSU1H �V\ ™*EZ*–SjS j˜* ˜S U1–\Y\—W\D

�˚� ��

Y* 4+\— a,\U1 Z1a*,`j1OZ\a˜SD

"˜* *V\ –*˜[*Z1 –`1a˜*U1Ht�\Z1V*™ dUd˜`drE V*O

31 *U*ZE tSY*Y \a1c*U™* +S +SW\ +\X1 ™* \a˜*OZ1Y d V`1,1˜d S S4+1—OZ1Y U\j U1™*Z +1aYSaW1Z™*ZDr *U*Z U1 U1™*Z \™YZ\—Sf V\US SY*Ud VWSZSOhVd ™1–`1aSUdD �a˜`*3SO,*[* –\V*4dUd ™* –`1 Z1—\j˜\ d01 d 4`1W\ ™\+* \˜–`SOWSV1 a,*V* h1˜,`˜* YW*™* \a\O+* +\WdU1 \™ Z1V\— \+WSV* ™1–`1OaSU1D�*V\ Y\31j d˜,`™S˜S ™* WS +\WdU1j \™

™1–`1aSU1H �1VS aSY–˜\YS \+df,*˜*Ud ,1WSV1 –`\Y1OZ1 d `*a–\W\31[d S –\Z*j*[dE S4\W\,*[1 \™ ™`d—SfE

�4 ˜`d™ S–\Y\c ™`d—SfY\31j a1S4,dcS S4 \h*U*

˙* +Sf \™*—Z*\ g`Z1 YSaWSE dh1a˜,\,*cd daW1™1cSY *V˜S,Z\a˜SY*

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

˙`d31[1 a* aW1™1cSY \a\+*Y* –\Y\cS c1YS ™* d+W*3SY +\W

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

+14,\XZ\a˜ –`1Y* aV\`\ a,SY *V˜S,Z\a˜SY*E 4Z*h*OU*Z –\`1Y1c*U d Saf`*ZS S a–*,*[dE V*\ S aZ*3Z* \a1Oc*[* +14,`1™Z\a˜S SWS +14`*4W\3Z1 V`S,Sg1D�*`*,Z\E Y*W˜1Z1 a,S –\Z1V*™ SY*Y\ Z1VS \™ \,Sf

aSY–˜\Y*D �WS *V\ \ZS –\˜`*Ud ™d31 \™ Z1V\WSV\ a1™OYSg*E 4*j˜\ Z1 +S –\`*4—\,*`*\ a `\™S˜1XSY* \ W1OV*`aV\Y –`1—W1™dH �1V*` c1 d˜,`™S˜S ™* WS ˜,\U1 a˜*O[1 SY* Z1VS 4™`*,a˜,1ZS d4`\VD��V\ U1 V\™ ˜1+1 da˜*Z\,X1Z* VWSZShV* ™1–`1aSU*E

Z1Y* `*4W\—* ™* a1 a˜S™SjD �1`*–SU* YZ\—SY* –\Y*O31 ™* a1 \a1c*Ud ™*W1V\ +\X1P V*V\ a1 Y\3™* ,1c ™d—\ZSad \a1c*WSI �SW\ ™* U1 ˜,\U1 a˜*[1 –\aW1™Sg* ™1O–`1aSU1 SWS Z1E ZSV*™* Z1 4*+\`*,S `1hS d˜1f1 4*–SOa*Z1 d �a*WYd 78B5<B t 1f\,* U1 +WS4d \ZSf V\US ad aW\OYX1Z\— a`g*E S a–*a*,* \Z1 V\US ad aV`f*Z\— ™df*Dr

� �*™* ™dj1,Z* –*˜[* ™d—\ ˜`*U1E Z1VS YW*™S –\YSjX*Ud ™* a1+S\™d4Yd3S,\˜D �V\ aS –\h1\ ™* `*4YSjX*j \ ˜\Y1E +14 \™W*—*[* –\O˜`*3S –\Y\c Z1V1 \™`*aW1 \a\+1 V\U\U ,1`dU1jD LSj1 SZe\`Y*gSOU* \ ˜\Y1 Y\31j Z*cS d aW1™1c1Y –\—W*,XdDM

’’ �*™* YS U1 ˜1jV\E Z1 aY1Y ™* a*YdU1YD�*`*,Z\E –\Z1V*™ YS a*Y\c* –`SU* ™*+Sf a`1™SW* a,\U1 YSaWS S \a1c*[* SY\3™* a1 ™\+`\ Sa–W*V*W*D WS –\aW1˜\—* –\˜`1+Z\ YS U1 ™`dj˜,\ ™`d—Sf ™*+Sf aV`1ZdW* YSaWS a* \Z\— 4+\— h1—*a*Y Z1a`1cZ*‘‘ L�`Sa˜SZ*M

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� "˜* *V\ ˜1 \h*U ˜\WSV\aW*Y* ™* `*4YSjX*j ™* \V\Zh*j3S,\˜H


˘ ˙* WS U1 V\`SaZ\ Sa–W*V*˜S a1 S 4*j˜\H

˘ *V\ ˜S ™`dj˜,\ ™`d—Sf Y\31 –\Y\cS™* a1 S4+\`Sj a +\W\Y d ™djSH

"� � �˚��H

\,\, a,1˜ a1 a`djS\D �`,\ U1 S4—d+S\ a,\Ud SY\O,SZdD ˛*˜SY ad Yd –\+SU1Z* ™1g*D �* V`*UdE S4—dO+S\ U1 4™`*,X1D �,1 a1 ˜\ ™1aSW\ d ˜`1Z \V* S +14d–\4\`1[*D �V`*U[1Y \h*U*[dE \Z U1 `1V*\B t˙djSU1 Y\U\U \Y`4*\ 3S,\˜ Y\UDr ˛* a1+1 U1 `1V*\ ™* U1taS˜ a`*Y\˜1r S ™* U1 tZ1,\X\Y Z*–\U1Zr L \, 5>B5E59MD �10d˜SYE h*V S d ˜*V,SY d3*aZSY ˜`1ZdgSY*\Z ZSU1 \V`1Zd\ W10* a,\Y �˜,\`S˜1Xd L \, 6B5>MD�*V\ Yd a1 3S,\˜ –`\Y1ZS\E \, a1 ZSU1 –`\Y1OZS\D ˛*˜\ U1 \Z –`*,S –`SY1` Sa˜`*UZ\a˜SD�*™* a1 ad\h*,*j a –`\+W1YSY* Y\3™* S ˜1+S

Y\31 G\Y`4Zd˜S 3S,\˜FD �* S–*VE –\–d˜ \,* Z1Y\U™\–da˜S˜S ™* ˜1 –`\+W1YS –`\Y1Z1 S dY*[1 ˜,\Ud\™WdhZ\a˜ ™* aWd3Sj 1f\,S �\—dD *V\, U1 Z*–SOa*\B t�W1E a`1cZSY* Z*4S,*Y\ \Z1 V\US ad Sa˜`*U*OWSD �dWS a˜1 4* \,\,d Sa˜`*UZ\a˜ S ,S™1WSa˜1 j˜* U1 1f\,* Z* V`*Ud 4* [1—* dhSZS\P ,S™1WS a˜1 ™* U1 1f\,* ,1\Y* a*YSW\Oa˜*Z S YSW\a`™*Zr L *V\,X1,* 9B55MD 1Of\,* U1 ,\W1\ \,*E 1f\,* ,\WS S ˜1+1D

�˛�� ˚˙��"�

�\,

14

˛*j˜\U1™Z\a˜*,Z\Z1 \V\Zh*Y

a,1H

G��˚ YS U1 ™* dY`1Y Z1—\ ™* 3S,SYIF �\ U1 ˜\ `1V*\H�1V\ V\ ZSU1 ,1`\,*\ d �\—*H �1V\ V\ U1 Z*–da˜S\�\—*H �1V\ V\—* U1 �\— Z*–da˜S\H �1D �1 `1hS U1 d \h*OUd S4—\,\`S\ –\+\3*Z h\,1V –\ SY1Zd \Z* L \Z* 8B7MD�S+WSU* Z1 —\,\`S \ ˜\Y1 ™* U1 \Z* f˜1\ ™* a1+S

\™d4Y1 3S,\˜D �10d˜SYE [1—\, \h*UZShVS –\,SV –\OV*4dU1 U1™Zd \˜`13[*,*Udcd hS[1ZSgd P –\,`1Y1Z\h*V S �\3US aWd—* Y\31 –*a˜S d \h*U L�a*W*Y 78B5=MD�1VS YW*™S \a1c*Ud ˜*V\ ,1WSVd 1Y\gS\Z*WZd +\W

™* Z1 ,S™1 `*4W\— ™* 3S,1D �\3™* a1 \a1c*Ud –\–d˜5:O—\™Sj[1 �\`1E V\U* V*31B t1c —\™SZ*Y* h1a˜\–*™*Y d ™1–`1aSUdD �1`1˜V\ `*4YSjX*Y \ a*Y\d+SOa˜,dDr �V\ –\4Z*U1j Z1V\—* V\ U1 `1V*\ ™* 31WS ™*\V\Zh* a,\U 3S,\˜PSWS *V\ aS ˜S `*4YSjX*\ \ ˜\Y1P j˜* Y\31j ™* dhSZSjH *4Y\˜`SY\ 4+\— h1—* a1Y\—d –\U*,S˜S ˜*V,1 YSaWSD

�4* \h*U*˛*j˜\ +S SV\ `*4YSjX*\ \ ˜\Y1 ™* \™d4Y1 a1+S

3S,\˜H �\a˜\U1 +`\UZS `*4W\4S V\US ™\–`SZ\a1 ˜\Y1D 1™*Z U1 ˜*U j˜\ 3S,SY\ d GZ*`\hS˜\ ˜1jVSY ,`1Y1OZSY*F S YZ\—S YW*™S ad ,1\Y* `*[S,S Z* –`S˜SaV1d 3S,\˜d L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5MD �*V\01E Xd™aV* Z1a*,`Oj1Z\a˜ Y\31 –`\d4`\V\,*˜S ™* Z1V\ ,1\Y* Z1—*˜S,OZ\ `*4YSjX* \ a1+S SWS a,1˜d \V\ a1+1 LSYX*ZSOY* ;B66O68MD �\Z1V*™ a1 ˜\ ™1j*,* 4*˜\ j˜\ U1Z1V\ +S\ 4W\a˜*,X*ZD � Z1VSY ™`d—SY aWdh*U1,SY*E˜\ Y\31 +S˜S –\,14*Z\ a Z1VSY 4™`*,a˜,1ZSY –`\O+W1Y\YD `1™Z\ U1 4*–*4S˜S ™* U1 d U1™Z\U 41YXS da˜*OZ\,X1Z\ ™* U1 ,Sj1 \™ => –\a˜\ \a\+* V\U1 ad \™d41W1a1+S 3S,\˜ –*˜SW\ \™ Z1V1 ,`a˜1 Y1Z˜*WZ\— –\`1Y1Oc*U*D��*`*,Z\E ZSV\ ZSU1 SYdZ Z* –`\+W1Y1D � d a*O

Y\U �S+WSUS a1 V*31 ™* ta,1 j˜\ U1 a˜,\`1Z\ a,1 ™\Oa*™ d4™Sj1 S YdhS a1r LSYX*ZSY* <B66E �*,`1Y1ZS

� �`1+* Sa˜*cS ™* ,1cSZ* YW*™Sf V\US SY*Ud Z1VS ™dj1,ZS–\`1Y1c*U Z1 –\hSZS a*Y\d+Sa˜,\D

˛*j˜\ U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 \V\Zh*Y a,1H 99

a`–aVS –`1,\™MD �d a–*™*Ud S YW*™SD �a˜,*`SE Z* YW*O™1 Y\—d –\a1+Z\ ˜1jV\ d˜Sg*˜S Z1YSWS ™\—*0*US V*\j˜\ adB

˘ �Y`˜ `\0*V* S –`SU*˜1X*˘ �1ad—W*aSg1 d –\`\™SgS˘ �1da–1f d jV\WS˘ *aVS™ ,141˘ �*W˜`1˜S`*[1 LdVXdhdUdcS S eS4ShV\ SWS a1VO

ad*WZ\ 4W\a˜*,X*[1M˘ �Y`˜ VdcZ\— Xd+SYg*�*`*,Z\E –`1 SWS V*aZSU1E aV\`\ a,S YW*™S a1 ad\O

h1 a U1™Z\Y SWS ,Sj1 aS˜d*gSU* V\U1 ad \,™1 Z*,1™1O

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E =D �� 6D ��E =D ��

100 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*V ad S –\+\3Z1 \a\+1 S4 �S+WSU1 –\,`1Y1Z\\a1c*W1 ™* 4+\— 3S,\˜ZSf +`S—* Z1 Y\—d ™*X1D�aY\˜`S Z1V1 –`SY1`1D

�1+1V*B t�V\ U1 ˜*V\E 4*j˜\ ™* 3S,SYHr L�\Oa˜*Z*V 69B66MD

�\UaSU1B t�\WSY ˜1E +\X1 Y1 d+SUDDD ™* Z1 —W1O™*Y a,\Ud Z1,\Xdr L�`\U1,S 55B59MD WSU*B t�1f\,*E d4YS Y\Ud ™djdE U1` ZSa*Y ZSO

j˜* +\XS \™ a,\USf –`*\h1,*r L5D `*X1,SY*5=B8MD

�\,B t�E V*™ +S Y1 d —`\+ aVW\ZS\DDD *™ +S YS`\V \™`1™S\ S \Z™* Y1 a1 a1˜S\Ir L�\, 58B57MD� a,*V\Y \™ Z*,1™1ZSf aWdh*U1,*E aS˜d*gSU* a1

Z* V`*Ud –\–`*,SW*E S ˜\ Z* Z*hSZ1 V\U1 ZSV\ \™[Sf ZSU1 Y\—*\ ZS 4*YSaWS˜SD �d™S aS—d`*Z ™* U1˜\ Y\—dc1 S d ˜,\Y aWdh*UdI

*V\ \a1c*j ™* Z1 Y\31j ™*X1DDD

Z1D ˛*j˜\ Z1VS da–1,*Ud ™* a1 S4+\`1 a [SY*E * Z1VSZ1H �˜`dh[*gS V*3d ™* a1 \ZS V\US 31W1 ™* \™da˜*OZd d ˜\U +\`+S \a1c*Ud –\˜–dZ\ +14Z*™13Z\ S +1a–\OY\cZ\D ˙`d—SY `1hSY*E Z1 ,S™1 ZS 4`*h*V a,1˜W\a˜SZ* a,\Y –d˜dD �ZS d a˜,*`S Z1 31W1 ™* dY`dE ,1c a*Y\™* \V\Zh*Ud –*˜[dD

�W1–* dWSg*H�\3™* –\4Z*U1j Z1V\—* V\ G31WS ™* \V\Zh* –*˜[dF

P ˜\WSV\ aZ*3Z\ ™* h*V S4`*3*,* 31Xd ™* dY`1D �˜\Y aWdh*UdE j˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjH�V\WSV\ U1 ˜,\U –`SU*˜1X ˜\WSV\ \h*U*Z ™* 31WS ™*

dY`1E `1gS Yd ™* –\˜`*3S –\Y\cD ˛*˜SYE +14 \+4S`*Z* ˜\ V*V\ c1 `1*—\,*˜SE `*4—\,*`*U a Z1V\Y –\d4™*OZ\Y \™`*aW\Y \a\+\YD �1Y\U ™* a1 –W*jSj ™* c1j˜SY1 dZSj˜S˜S ,*j1 –`SU*˜1Xa˜,\D �V\ t–`SU*,Sjr˜d a˜,*`E Y\3™* c1j a,\Y –`SU*˜1Xd a–*a˜S 3S,\˜I�WS j˜* *V\ ˜S `*4YSjX*j \ a*Y\d+Sa˜,dH �1Y\U

a1 4*˜,*`*˜S d a1+1D *4—\,*`*U a Z1VSY P `\™S˜1OX1YE –`SU*˜1X1Y SWS Z1VSY V\Y1 U1 a˜*W\ ™\ ˜1+1 SV\ c1 \4+SXZ\ a*aWdj*˜S ˜,\U1 +`S—1D �1Y*jj˜* ™*S4—d+Sj S Y\31j a*Y\ ™* ™\+SU1j *V\ a1 Z1V\Y –\O,1`SjD��*`*,Z\E Z*V\Z j˜\ `*4—\,*`*j \ a,\USY –`\+W1O

YSY*E \ZS Z1c1 +S˜S \™Z1a1ZS V*\ h*`\+ZSY j˜*–SOc1YD �WS –\™`jV* ,1`Z\— –`SU*˜1X* Y\3™* U1 a,1j˜\ ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™* +S a˜,*`S a*—W1™*\ d ™`d—\Ya,1˜WdD �\3™* c1j h*V ™\cS ™\ Z1VSf –`*V˜ShZSf`1j1[*D

�,1 a1 Y1[*�*™* ™\3S,X*,*j ˜1jV1

–1`S\™1E Z1Y\U 4*+\`*,S˜SaW1™1c1B �14 \+4S`* Z* ˜\

� �`Sjc*ZS V\US 1Y\gS\Z*WOZ\ –*˜1 SY*Ud U\j U1™Zd –\Y\cP aVd–j˜SZaV1 a˜*`1jSZ1 L *OV\,X1,* 9B58E 59MD

˛*j˜\ U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 \V\Zh*Y a,1H 101

˝`˜,1 Z1V\— a*Y\Od+Sa˜,* ZSad a*Y\\ZS V\US a1+S \™d4Yd3S,\˜ ,1c S [Sf\,S,\X1ZS V\US \a˜*ZdS4* [SfD

˙ � ˛��DDD ?

V\WSV\ Z1V* aS˜d*gSU* ™1WdU1 a˜`*jZ\E \Z* c1 a1a ,`1Y1Z\Y –`\Y1ZS˜SD �a*WYSa˜* ˙*,S™E V\US U1 ™\O+`\ 4Z*\ j˜* ad Z1,\X1E U1™Z\Y U1 `1V*\ �\—d d Y\WSO˜,SB t�S aS ˜d—d Y\Ud d S—`*[1 –`1˜,\`S\r L�a*W*Y7>B55MD˙*,S™ ZSU1 \h1VS,*\ ™* ˜\ S—`*[1 ˜`*U1 d Z1™\—W1™D

�4 SaVda˜,* U1 4Z*\ ™* a1 –`\+W1YS d 3S,\˜d –\U*O,1E *WS S ™* Z1a˜*ZdD ˛*` ZSaS S ˜S ˜\ –`SY1˜S\H�* S–*VE Z1VS –`\+W1YS Y\3™* S4—W1™*Ud –`1˜1jV\P +*`1Y ˜`1Zd˜Z\D �WSE +d™S a˜`–XS,D �,1 a1 Y1[*ES ˜\ h1a˜\ Z*+\X1D �Z1VSY aWdh*U1,SY*E –`\+W1YS a1Y\—d `1jS˜S Z* Z*hSZ1 V\U1 ZSaS Y\—*\ ZS –`1™,SO™1˜SD � ™`d—SY aWdh*U1,SY*E Y\3™* c1j a1 S4+\`S˜SZ* Z*hSZ V\US ˜S ™\a*™ ZSU1 +S\ ZS Z* V`*U –*Y1˜SD

�dj˜SZ* U1 d ˜\Y1 ™* –`\O+W1YS V\US ˜S 4*™*Ud ˜\WSOV\ U*™* Z1c1 ˜`*U*˜S 4*d,1VL6D �\`SZc*ZSY* 8B5;MD

`1™Z\a˜ Y\WS˜,1�*U,*3ZSUS \+WSV V\YdO

ZSV*gSU1 V\US ˜S U1 Z* `*Oa–\W*—*[d U1a˜1 Y\WS˜,*D�\31j a1 Y\WS˜S –\–d˜

�h*U*[1 U1 –\–d˜\WdUZSf \+W*V*P ™\01 S –`\01

102 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

*™ a1 \a1c*j+14 ,141E \˜S0S d +`4dj1˜[dD �4W*4*VZ*–\X1 S ,13+*[1Y\31 ˜1 \–da˜S˜S S\`*a–\W\3S˜SD

�˚� ��

�V\ a1 \a1c*Y +14,`1™Z\ S Z1,\X1Z\E \+`*˜Scd a1LZ*–SjS SY1 \a\+1 V\U\U a1 Y\31j –\,1`S˜SM

.................................................................................................................................

1™Z* W1–* a˜,*` S4 Y\— 3S,\˜* \ V\U\UY\—d a* 4*f,*WZ\jcd `*4YSjX*˜S U1

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˙*,S™*B t�`\ZSVZS d Y1Z1E �\31E S d–\4Z*U a`g1Y\U1D �a–S˜*U Y1 S ,S™S Z1a–\V\UZ1 YSaWS Y\U1E S,S™S SY* WS d Y1ZS Z1j˜\ j˜\ Y1 Z* –d˜ +\WS Z*,\O™SE S ,\™S Y1 –d˜1Y ,1hZSYr L�a*W*Y 57=B67E 68MD�\WS˜,* ZSU1 Z1VS S4™d,ZS ,1Z˜SWD � [\U a˜,*`Z\

V\YdZSgS`*j a* a,\USY Z1+1aVSY �g1YE V\US 31WS™* Yd GS4WSU1j a,\U1 a`g1F L�a*W*Y :6B<MD �aY\˜`SZ1V1 \aZ\,Z1 hS[1ZSg1 \ �\—dB

˘ �Z ,`W\ ™\+`\ –\4Z*U1 a,1 \V\WZ\a˜S V\U1 ™\–`SOZ\a1 ˜\Y1 ™* a1 \a1c*j W\j1 L�a*W*Y 5>7B58MD

˘ �Z ˜1 –\4Z*U1 +\X1 Z1—\ ˜S a*Y\— a1+1 L5D \,*Z\O,* 7B6>MD

˘ G�Z +`SZ1 4* ˜1+1F L5D �1˜`\,* 9B;MD˘ �Z\,\Y a,1˜dE �\— c1 t\+`Sa*˜S a,*Vd ad4dr a ˜,\O

USf \hSUd L�˜V`S,1[1 65B8MD

=t4Z1aS˜1 a,\U1 Y\W+1 �\—dD

�\3US YS` V\US –`1,*4SW*4S a,*VSdY hd,*c1 ,*j* a`g* S ,*j1 YSaWSr

LSWS–X*ZSY* 8B:E ;M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˘ �*V S \4+SXZS –`\+W1YS ad a*Y\ –`S,`1Y1ZSD *V\ ˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS `*4YSjX*[1 \ ˜\UhS[1ZSgSH

˘ �* V\US Z*hSZ a*Y\d+Sa˜,\ –`1Z\aS –`\+W1Y1U1™Z1 \a\+1 Z* ™`d—dH

"� � �˚��H

�*™* U1 d –S˜*[d Z1VS 4™`*,a˜,1ZS –`\+W1Y�*\ j˜\ aY\ ,1c –\Y1ZdWSE adSgS™Z1 YSaWS h1O

a˜\ ™\W*41 daW1™ Z1V\— 4™`*,a˜,1Z\— –\`1Y1c*U*D �V\YSaWSj ™* U1 ˜\ S a ˜\+\Y aWdh*UE Z1Y\U ™* a1 a˜S™Sj™* 4*˜`*3Sj –\Y\cD �ada U1 `1V*\ ™* +\W1aZSY* ˜`1O+* W1V*` L�*˜1U =B56MD ˙\+`\ U1 4Z*˜S ™* ad YZ\—* \+\OX1[* S4W1hS,*D �*V\01E ˜1`*–SU* Y\31 dhSZS˜S ™*a1 \a1c*j YZ\—\ +\X1I��S+WSU* Z*Y –`d3* \+1c*[1 –dZ\ d˜1f1 P d �\3O

U1Y Z\,\Y a,1˜d GZSV\ \™ a˜*Z\,ZSV* Z1c1 `1cSB t�\OW1a˜*Z a*Yr F L�a*SU* 77B68MD �\— U1 4* ˜\ ,`1Y1 \+1Oc*\B t�Z\ j˜\ U1 –`1 +SW\ Z1c1 a1 d a1c*[1 ,`*c*˜SZS˜S c1 a1 d a`gd U*,X*˜Sr L�a*SU* :9B5;MD ˙\V a1 ˜1`1hS Z1 \+Sa˜SZ1E ™*U a,1 \™ a1+1 ™* a1 S4+\`Sj a*3S,\˜ZSY –`S˜SagSY*E Z1 —d+1cS S4 ,S™* ™* c1 d,`1Y1 V\U1 U1 \™`1™S\E �\— 4*d,1V dVW\ZS˜S ™1–`1aSOUd L�˜V`S,1[1 65B5O8MD

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d –`1˜f\™Z\Y–\—W*,Xd \,\— ˜\Y*D

’’ �\,`1Y1Z\ a*Y +SW* d ˜*V\ ˜1jV\U™1–`1aSUS ™* a*Y a*Y\31W1W* ™* dY`1YE*WS a*™*E 4*f,*XdUdcS Y\WS˜,S S W1h1[dE+\X1 edZVgS\ZSj1Y‘‘ L�*U™SM

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� \™S˜1XS 31W1 ™* 4Z*Ud a,1\ ˜,\Y 3S,\˜dE h*V S Z1j˜\ j˜\ +S ˜S `*™SU1 a*hd,*\a*Y\ 4* a1+1D *V\ ™* SY*j ,Sj1 –`S,*˜Z\a˜SH

104 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

15

˙* WS U1 –\—`1jZ\j˜\ 31WSY Y*W\

–`S,*˜Z\a˜SH

˙�� aS +S\ YW*0SE ,1`\,*˜Z\ ˜S –`S,*˜Z\a˜ ZSU1+SW* ˜\WSV\ ,*3Z*D �*™* +S ˜S YW*0S +`*˜ SWS a1a˜O`* d–*WS d a\+dE ZSaS a1 Xd˜S\D �*™* ad ˜S `\™S˜1OXS –\a˜*,X*WS –S˜*[*E \™—\,*`*\ aS +14 \VW1,*[*D�*™* U1 ˜,\U 3S,\˜ 4* [Sf +S\ –\–d˜ \˜,\`1Z1 V[SO—1D � a*™* +S ,\W1\ ™* U1 –\Z1V*™ Y\31j 4*˜,\`S˜SDt�Z\—\ YS 4Z*hS V*™ Z1V1 a˜,*`S Y\—d ™* 4*™`3SYa*Y\ 4* a1+1rE V*31 58O—\™Sj[S �*j*D �aY\˜`SY\™,* –\™`dhU* —™1 +S 31X* 4* ,Sj1 –`S,*˜Z\a˜S Y\O—W* ™\,1a˜S ™\ Z*–1˜\a˜SD

�*™* ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z* a*Y\c*�\a˜\U1 YZ\—S \–`*,™*ZS `*4W\4S 4+\— V\USf 31O

WSj ™* +d™1j a*YD �\3™* ˜S U1 a*Y\ –\˜`1+Z\ ™* a1GY*W\ \™Y\`SjF L�*`V\ :B75MD �WS 31WSj ™* a1 Y\OWSjE V*\ j˜\ U1 �ada `1V*\ dh1ZSgSY*B t�0S d a,\O

Ud Z*UaV`\,S˜SUd a\+d S 4*O˜,\`S ,`*˜*E –* a1 –\Y\WSa,\Y �gdr L�*˜1U :B:C �*`OV\ 5B79MD �`\+W1Y Y\31 Z*Oa˜*˜S V*™* 4*˜,\`Sj ,`*O˜* a,\U1 a\+1 LdV\WSV\ U1SY*jM * `\™S˜1XS Z1 YSOaW1 ™* aS ˜\ dhSZS\ ™* +S a1

�˜*,S 4Z*V �–\`1™ \Z\— j˜\ +S Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1`1V*\ d aW1™1cSY 4*YSjX1ZSY aS˜d*gSU*Y*D5D a,\U\U aS a\+S S ,`*˜* ad 4*˜,\`1Z*D�™U1™Z\Y +14 Vdg*[* d–*™* ˜,\U +`*˜ SWSa1a˜`*D

O G�1Y* –`\+W1Y*D �\Z1V*™ S U* ˜\ d`*™SYDFO G�*V*, +14\+`*4WdVI"˜* ™* a*Y a1 \+W*hS\HF

6D �*Y\ j˜\ aS dj*\ d VdcdE * `\™S˜1XS ˜1–\hZd 4*aS–*˜S –S˜*[SY*D t�™1 aS +S\H"˜* aS `*™S\H �\ U1 +S\ a ˜\+\YHr

O G�1Y* –`\+W1Y*DDD �\Z*V\ SY a,1 Sa–`Sh*YDFO G�*jY1 Z1`,S`*UdI �SY*W\ YS Z1 ,1`dUdIF

ı

106 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

"˜\ aS \˜,\`1ZSUSa `\™S˜1XSY*E˜\ ad \ZS Y*[1adY[Sh*,SD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

Y\WS\I �\`1™ ˜\—*E ˜,\U +`*˜ S a1a˜`* Y\3™* Z1 `*O4dY1Ud 4*j˜\ 31WSj +S˜S a*YD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SD �Y1a˜\ ™* \™ –`S,*˜Z\a˜S

–`*,Sj a–\`Z\ –S˜*[1E d`*™S aW1™1c1D˘ �*™* ad d –S˜*[d +`*c* S a1a˜`1E Z*a˜\U ™* SY

–\a˜*,Sj Z1V\WSV\ `*4dYZSf –`*,SW* V*V\ +S ˜1–\Z1V*™ –da˜SWS ™* +d™1j a*YD �V\WSV\ U1 –\˜`1+OZ\E 4*Y\WS `\™S˜1X1 4* –\Y\cD�

˘ �*™* ad d –S˜*[d `\™S˜1XSE –\Vdj*U ™* `*4dOY1j [Sf\,\ —W1™Sj˜1D t�*Y* S ˜*˜* Y1 –\,`1Y1Z\–`\,1`*,*UdrE V*31 5:O—\™Sj[* 1+1V*D t�WSE ™* +dO™1Y SaV`1Z*E ™* a*Y Z* [Sf\,\Y Y1a˜d S U* +Sf ˜*V\–\a˜d–*W* P –\a1+Z\ V*™* 4Z*Y a hSY1 a1 a,1 YW*O™S ™*Z*a ad\h*,*UdIr �\31j WS –\–d˜ 1+1V1 –`1–\O4Z*˜S j˜* 4*–`*,\ +`SZ1 ˜,\U1 `\™S˜1X1H L�\aW\O,Sg1 5=B55MD

˘ �aV`1Z\ a1 –S˜*UB G˙*WS `\™S˜1XSY* ™*U1Y –\O,\™* ™* adY[*Ud ™* Z1j˜\tYd˜SYr V*™ a1 4*˜,\`SY da,\Ud a\+dH ˙* WS a*Y ˜\OWSV\ ˜*U*Za˜,1Z V*™ U1`1h \ Y\Y 3S,\˜d ™* Sf Z*Z1VS Z*hSZ –`SY\`*,*Y™* –`S+1—*,*Ud aS˜ZSY WdOV*,a˜,SY* V*V\ +S a*4Z*OWS Z1j˜\ \ Y1ZSHF �V\ aSZ* \,* –S˜*[* \™—\,\`S\

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1OYS Y\31j Z*cS d :D –\—W*,Xd\,\— ˜\Y*D

= t˙*U a,1 \™ a1+1 ™* a˜1VZ1j �\3U1–`S4Z*[1E ™* +d™1j `*™ZSV V\US Z1Y*

h1—* ™* a1 a˜S™Sr L6D �SY\˜1Ud 6B59M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙* WS U1 –\—`1jZ\ j˜\ 31WSY Y*W\ –`S,*˜Z\a˜SH 107

*™* `*4—\,*`*ja `\™S˜1XSY* \–`S,*˜Z\a˜SE Z1Y\U–`\˜1a˜\,*˜SE ,1c–`Sh*U \ \Z\Y j˜\ ˜S˜1jV\ –*™*D �V\ –`\O˜1a˜dU1jE ˜\ S4—W1™*V*\ ™* Sf Z*–*™*jE **V\ –`Sh*j \ \Z\Yj˜\ ˜1 YdhSE ˜*™* a1V\Zg1Z˜`Sj1˜1 Z*4*U1™ZShV\ ˜`*31[1`1j1[*D

�˚� ��

\™`ShZ\E * S4—W1™* ™* ˜S `\™S˜1XS S–*V Z1 ,1`dUdE\Z™* SY YS`Z\ S a –\j˜\,*[1Y \+U*aZS V*V\ a1 \a1Oc*jD �*3XS,\ aWdj*U ™\V ˜S \ZS –`Sh*Ud S ,\™S `*OhdZ* ™* ZShSY Z1 S4*4S,*j [Sf\,1 adY[1 L *V\O,X1,* 5B5=MD

�4+\` –`SU*˜1X*�*a,SY U1 –`S`\™Z\ ™* ˜\V\Y *™\W1ag1ZgSU1 –\hO

Z1j ™* aVW*–*j –`SU*˜1Xa˜,* ,*Z Vdc1D �*V\01U1 Z\`Y*WZ\ ™* `\™S˜1X1 4*ZSY* a VSY a1 ™`d3SjS j˜* `*™S˜1 V*™* a˜1 4*U1™Z\D �10d˜SYE d ˜,\USY\hSY* a1 [Sf\,* +`S—* –\Z1V*™ —`*ZShS a –*`*Z\OU\YD t\W1W* +Sf ™* Y\—d ™* Z*–Sj1Y –\`dVd Z* Y\O+SWZ\Y ˜1W1e\Zd SWS –\j*X1Y Y1UW * ™* Y1 `\™SO˜1XS Z1 —W1™*Ud a,*VSf ™1a1˜ YSZd˜* –`1V\ `*Y1Z*S –S˜*Ud a VSY a1 ˜\ ™\–SadU1YrE V*31 5:O—\™Sj[*˚Y*D"˜*Y\31j dhSZS˜SD �Y1a˜\ ™* ™\4,\WSj ™* ˜,\O

U* –`SU*˜1Xa˜,* –\a˜*Zd –`1–`1V* S4Y10d ˜1+1 S `\O™S˜1X*E –\Vdj*U ™* –`SY1ZSj aW1™1c1 a*,1˜1D

˘ �1Y\U V`S˜S V\ ad ˜S –`SU*˜1XS S d–\4Z*U Sfa `\™S˜1XSY*D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E aS—d`Z\ ˜S a1 Z1a,S0* S™1U* ™* ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS S4S—`*,*Ud ™1˜1V˜SO,1E *WS *V\ V`SU1j a VSY a1 ™`d3SjE j˜* SY ™`d—\–`1\a˜*U1H �–*Y˜SE j˜\ ,Sj1 4Z*Ud \ \ZSY* a V\OUSY* –`\,\™Sj ,`1Y1E Y*[1 c1 +`SZd˜S 4+\— ˜,\—S4+\`* –`SU*˜1X*D

˘ �aV`1Z\ a1 –S˜*U ™* WS a1 `*™S \ –`S,*˜OZ\a˜S SWS ˜*UZ\,S˜\a˜SD *W1Z˜SZ*E V\U* SY* 66 —\O™SZ1E V*31B t�V\ 3S,Sj a `\™S˜1XSY* * [Sf Z1j˜\

’’ �\™S˜1XS U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 31W1 ™* ˜S a1Sj˜* W\j1 ™1aS S 4*˜\ –\,`1Y1Z\ S4—W1™*V*\ ™* Z*`dj*,*Ud ˜,\Ud –`S,*˜Z\a˜D�\ Z*S4—W1™ ZSU1 e1`D WS SaV`1Z\E ™*a*Y `\™S˜1XE S U* +Sf ,1`\,*˜Z\–\a˜d–SW* Sa˜\‘‘ L`SU*Z*M

108 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙* +Sf 4*™\+S\ LSWS –\,`*˜S\M –\,1`1[1a,\USf `\™S˜1X*E U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

+`SZ1E ˜`1+* ™* `*4OYSjX*j Z* aW1™1cSZ*hSZB G�1 hSZSY ZSOj˜* W\j1E –* Z1Y*Yj˜* ™* V`SU1YDF � ™`dO—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ Y\O`*j Z1j˜\ ™* V`SU1jE\Z™* ˜d +*j ZSad hSOa˜* –\aW*Dr

�*V\ ™* a1S4+\`Sj 4* ,Sj1 –`S,*˜Z\a˜S�*™* SY*j –`SWSVd ™* Z*–Sj1jj˜* Y\31j d`*O

™S˜S V*V\ +S d Z1V\U V\ZV`1˜Z\U a˜,*`S ™\+S\ ,Sj1aW\+\™1D �*–SjS \™—\,\`1 Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*D5D V\`*VD �˜,`™S d h1Yd U1 –`\+W1YD �* V\USY –\O

™`dhUSY* +S ,\W1\ ™* SY*j ,Sj1 aW\+\™1H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�\,1`1[1 U1 –\–d˜–W*˜1PY\`* a14*`*™S˜S

6D V\`*VD �4YS d \+4S` —W1™Sj˜1 `\™S˜1X*D"˜*YSaWSj ™* 4*–`*,\ +`SZ1 ˜,\U1 `\™S˜1X1H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

7D V\`*VD �\˜`*3S `1j1[*D �* V\US Z*hSZ +S Z1OZ*Y1`Z\ Y\—*\ –\—\`j*˜S aS˜d*gSUdH �\U1 +S V\`*OV1 d ˜\Y –\—W1™d Y\—*\ –`1™d41˜SH "˜* +S ,\W1\ ™*˜,\US `\™S˜1XS d`*™1 d ,14S a* \ZSY j˜\ ˜1 YdhSH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

8D V\`*VD *4—\,*`*U˜1 \ –`\+W1YdD �*–SjS V*V\+S Y\—*\ 4*–\h1˜S `*4—\,\` a `\™S˜1XSY* \ –`SO,*˜Z\a˜SD

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ˜S U1 aY`˜ \™Z1W*U1™Z\— `\™S˜1X*H �™1 Y\31j Z*cS d˜1fdH

110 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ `\™S˜1XS SY*Ud –`*,\ ™* 4Z*Ud j˜* a1™1j*,* d ˜,\Y 3S,\˜dH

˘ *V\ ˜S ˜`d™ d V\YdZSV*gSUS a `\™S˜1XSY*Y\31 V*aZSU1 d 3S,\˜d –\Y\cS d V\YdZSV*gSUSa ™`d—SY*H

"� � �˚��H

�� `\™S˜1X* U1 U1™Z\ \™ Z*U+\WZSUSf SaVda˜*,* d3S,\˜dD �\`*j a1 +\`S˜S a +`\UZSY \a1c*[SY* V\U*ZSV*™* ™\a*™ ZSaS SY*\D �`*U*ZE V\US U1 SY*\ 57 —\O™SZ* V*™* Yd U1 \˜*g dY`\ \™ a`h*Z\— d™*`*E V*31Bt�1 Z\cS V*™* aY\ hdWS ™* U1 ˜*˜* dY`\E a*Y\ aY\ a1—`WSWS S –W*V*WSDr �1,1Z*E V\U* U1 SY*W* 5> —\™SZ*

16

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSYaY`˜ `\™S˜1X*H

t�*™* U1 Y*Y* dY`W*E \a1c*W* a*Y a1–\˜–dZ\ S4—d+X1Z\ S –`*4Z\D �Z* U1+SW* a–\Z* V\U* U1 –\,14S,*W* Z*jd–\`\™Sgdr L�*`\WSZ*M

�*V\ a1 d \,\Y –\—W*,Xd —\,\`S \ aY`˜S `\™S˜1X*EZ*h1W* a1 Y\—d –`SY1ZS˜S S Z* aY`˜ +SW\ V\— hW*Z*–\`\™Sg1 SWS +WSaV\— –`SU*˜1X*D

V*™* U\U U1 \˜*g dY`\ \™ `*V*E V*31B t�Sa*Y 4Z*W*j˜* ™* \a1c*YD �SW* a*Y aV*Y1[1Z*D � Y1ZS ZSU1+SW\ ZSh1—*Dr�,*V\ `*4WShS˜\ `1*—dU1 Z* aY`˜D �*\ j˜\ a˜\US d

�S+WSUSE ta,*V\ 4Z* a,\Ud Z1,\Xd S a,\U +\Wr L6D �1O˜\–Sa* :B6=MD �Y*UdcS ˜\ Z*dYdE `*4YSaWS Z* ˜`1ZdO˜*V V*V\ U1 aY`˜ `\™S˜1X* d˜Sg*W* Z* ˜1+1D �*–SjSSa–\™ L5M V*V\ aS a1 \a1c*\ V*™* aS hd\ 4* aY`˜ `\™SO˜1X* S L6M V*V\ a1 \a1c*j a*™*D�

ı 5D .............................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

6D .............................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�\3™* ˜,\US \™—\,\`S –\OV*4dUd ™* ad ˜S a1 \a1c*O[* +*`1Y ™\Z1VW1 aYS`SW*D�\ U1 Z\`Y*WZ\D �1 4Z*hS™* aS 4*+\`*,S\ a,\— `\O™S˜1X*D � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E Y\O3™* a1 ZSad –`\Y1ZSW*E SWSad U\j aZ*3ZSU*D �\3™* V\™˜1+1 3*W\a˜ ™\W*4S d Z1\h1OVS,*ZSY ˜`1ZdgSY*E –\–d˜

� �V\WSV\ ˜S U1 a*™* ˜1jV\ ™*\™—\,*`*j Z* \,* –S˜*[*E –`\+*UZ1VS ™`d—S –d˜D

’’ �djS\ a*Y \a1c*[* d a1+SD�\X1 +S +SW\ ™* a*Y –`Sh*\D�*V\ +S YS +SW\ YZ\—\W*Vj1‘‘ L˙*,S™M

112 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�W*V*[1 ZSU1 4Z*VaW*+\a˜SD *™ ad +SWSd 3*W\a˜SE –W*V*WS adh*V S ˜*V\ aZ*3ZSXd™S V*\ j˜\ ad �,`*Of*YE �\aSeE ˙*,S™ S�ada L�\a˜*Z*V 67B6C9>B5C 6D �*YdSW\,*5B55E 56C 5<B77C�\,*Z 55B79MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

"��˚�’’�\U \˜*g U1 +\W\,*\ \V\ –1˜ —\™SZ*S +SW\ Yd U1 a,1 —\`1D �Y*W* a*Y 5:—\™SZ* V*™* U1 a1+S \™d41\3S,\˜D�\aW1 ˜\—*E Y*UV* U1 a* YZ\Y S

Y\USY a˜*`SUSY +`*˜\Y `*4—\,*`*OW* \ a,1Yd j˜\ Z*a h1V*D �*V Z*Y U1™\4,\WSW* ™* –\Y\—Z1Y\ \V\ a*Of`*Z1D �\ Z*Y U1 4Z*hSW\D �SaWSY™* ™1g* Z1 ,\W1 ™* a1 V`SUd a˜,*`S\™ [Sf P –\a1+Z\ Z1j˜\ ˜*V\ ,1OWSV\D �*V\ U1 ,`1Y1 –`\W*4SW\EY\—W* a*Y \˜,\`1Z\ `*4—\,*`*O˜S \ \h1,\U aY`˜SD �*™* YSa1 –W*V*W\E U1™Z\a˜*,Z\+Sf a1 Z1—™1 –\,dVW*SWS \˜SjW* V\™ –`SU*O˜1XSg1 S –W*V*W*D �\Ua*,1˜ U1 ™* *V\ ˜S U1–\˜`1+*Z `*4—\,\` –\O–`Sh*j a Z1VSYhW*Z\Y –\`\™Sg1 SWS–`SU*˜1X1YD *™S \Z\j˜\ ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™*+S a1 S4+\`S\ a +\OW\YD‘‘�˚’’ �*™* a*Y SY*W* 5= —\™SZ*EY\U* Y*UV* U1 SY*W* aZ*3*Z Y\3™*ZSd™*` S dY`W* U1 Z*V\Z ˜`S —\™SZ1D�\aW1 [1Z1 aY`˜SE YSaWSW* a*Y ™*Y\`*Y +S˜S U*V*D �\aW1™[1j˜\ U1 Y\Y ˜*˜S ˜`1+*W\U1a˜1 ™* U* G–dVZ1YFD

˙\V a*Y +SW* Y*W*EY*Y* U1 d,1V +SW* d4 Y1Z1V*™* a*Y +SW* +\W1aZ*SWS V*™* YS U1 +SW\

W\j1D �1c*Y a1 ™\™S`* [1ZSf `dVd ™\V U1 –`\,1`*,*W*™* WS SY*Y ˜1Y–1`*˜d`dD �\Z1V*™ ˜*V\ +\WZ\ af,*˜*Y™* U1 ,Sj1 Z1Y*D �\Vdj*,*Y ™* d—djSY a,\U* \a1c*[*E*WS ˜\ ZSU1 ™\+`\D �\Z1V*™ —W1™*Y aWSV1 a*Y\ ™* +Sf–W*V*W*D *4—\,\` a –`SU*˜1XSY* ˜*V\01 –\Y*31D�S+WSU* \+1c*,* ™* c1 \ZS V\US dY`d +S˜S ,`*c1ZS d3S,\˜ Z* `*UaV\U 41YXS L \,*Z 9B6<E 6=MD �*™* `*4YSOjX*Y \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ cd –\Z\,\ ,S™1˜S a,\Ud Y*UVdE V*\S \ ˜\Y1 j˜* ˜`1+* ™* `*™SY ™* +Sf U1 –\Z\,\ ,S™1W*E\Z™* Y1 +\W ,Sj1 Z1 S4U1™* ˜\WSV\ YZ\—\D‘‘�˚�� ’’ \W1W* +Sf ™* a1 a1c*Y ™* a*Y ˜*˜S`1VW* ™* —* ,\WSYD �S—d`Z\ U1a*YE *WS a1 ˜\—* Z1a1c*YE * ˜*V\ +Sf ,\W1W* ™* SY*Y ˜d da–\Y1ZdD�Y*W* a*Y a,1—* –1˜ —\™SZ* V*™* U1 \Z dY`\D�*˜* U1 SY*\ Y\3™*ZS d™*` d aZd S fS˜Z\ ad

—* \™,1WS d +\WZSgdD �*™* a*Y aW1™1c1 Ud˜`\ da˜*OW*E a*4Z*W* a*Y ™* U1 dY`\D �\aW1 ˜\—*E +SW\ YS U1

˜1jV\ ™* aWdj*Y V*™* a1–`Sh*W\ \ ˜*˜SE *WS V*OaZSU1 a*Y ˜\ 31W1W* ™*hdU1Y U1` a*Y ˜*V\ SY*W*–`SWSVd ™* a*4Z*Y V*V*,U1 +S\D �*,1˜dU1Y a,SY*V\US ad S4—d+SWS `\™S˜1X*™* `*4YSjX*Ud \ ˜`1ZdgSOY* V\U1 ad –`\,1WS a [SY S™* 4*–SadUd a,\U1 da–\Y1Z1V*V\ Z1j˜\ Z1 +S 4*+\`*O,SWSD ˛*˜SY Z1V* dhSZ1a,1 j˜\ Y\—d ™* +S SY*WSU*Vd ,1`d S ™\h1V*WS a,\—`\™S˜1X* V*™* —* �\—daV`aZ1 d Z\,\Y a,1˜dD‘‘

˜*W*a* V\US a1 –\,W*h1E * 4*˜SY –\™S3d S `*4+SU*Ud\ \+*WdD � ˜\ U1 ˜*V\01 Z\`Y*WZ\E h*V S *V\ ad –`\OjW1 —\™SZ1 \™ aY`˜S `\™S˜1X*D �10d˜SYE V*V\ a1Y\31j S4+\`S˜S a* 3*W\jcdE d V*V,\Y —\™ \+WSVda1 \Z* U*,X*W*H�1Y\U —d˜*˜S ad41D�W*V*[1 \W*Vj*,* +\W 4+\— —dO

+S˜V*D �10d˜SYE Y\3™* a1 \a1c*j –\–d˜ �WSa1E V\U*U1 SY*W* 5= —\™SZ* V*™* U1 \a˜*W* +14 Y*UV1D �Z* –`SOh*B t�Y*W* a*Y d˜Sa*V ™* c1 ™`d—S –\YSaWS˜S ™* Z1OY*Y ™\,\XZ\ ,1`1 *V\ a1 +d™1Y –`1–da˜SW* 1Y\gSU*OY*Dr �WS a1˜S a1 ™* U1 �ada �`Sa˜ +S\ a*,`j1Z h\,1Va* aZ*3Z\Y ,1`\Y d �\—*E –* U1 S–*V 4*–W*V*\ 4+\—aY`˜S a,\— ™`*—\— –`SU*˜1X* �*4*`* L \,*Z 55B79MD˛*˜\ a1 Z1Y\U da˜`dh*,*˜S ™* –W*h1jD �\ Z1 4Z*hS ™*˜S Z1™\a˜*U1 ,1`*I �WSa* V*31B t�* V`*Ud a*Y –W*V*OW*D �,*V\— ™*Z*E S ˜\ YZ\O—\Dr��1 ™\4,\WS ™* ˜1 –`\O

—*[* V`S,Sg*D t�,*V\ ,1h1

� �1Y\U YSaWS˜S ™* ad ad41 U1O™SZS 4Z*V 3*W\a˜SD �d™S 3*W1Z* `*4WShS˜1 Z*hSZ1D *3Z\ U1™* 4*–*Y˜Sj ™* *V\ ˜S a˜\US VZ1O™W*d —`WdE Y\3™* U1 ˜\ t,`1Y1 V*™a1 –W*h1r L�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B8MD

˝*W\a˜ Y\31 +S˜S –\–d˜˜*W*a* V\US S4Z1Z*™* ™\0dS `*4+SUd a1 \ \+*Wd

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY aY`˜ `\™S˜1X*H 115

˛*–SadU YSaWS \ –`1OYSZdW\Y `\™S˜1XdEU1` ˜\ Y\31 +S˜S\—`\YZ* –\Y\c da*,W*™*,*[d —d+S˜V*D

�˚� ��

�*,1™S Z1V1 W1–1 da–\Y1Z1 \ a,\Y `\™S˜1XdD

ı ��

��

��

�*–SjS j˜* +S ,\W1\ ™* aS `1V*\ a,\Y `\™S˜1Xd™\V U1 +S\ 3S,D

��

��

��

˛*YSaWS ™* SY*j YW*01— +`*˜* SWS a1a˜`d V\US a1Ydh1 a* \a1c*[1Y V`S,Sg1 4+\— aY`˜S `\™S˜1X*D�*–SjS j˜* +S `1V*\ ™* Sf d˜1jSjD L�\ Y\31 S ˜1O+S –\Y\cS ™* ˜\ \a1c*[1 a*—W1™*j S4 –`*,\— d—W*DM

��

��

�*,1™S ™,1 SWS ˜`S a˜,*`S V\U1 +S ,\W1\ ™* aS 4Z*\\ –`1YSZdW\Y `\™S˜1XdE * 4*˜SY 4*Y\WS `\™S˜1X*V\US U1 3S, ™* –`Sh*˜1 \ ˜\Y1D

��

��

�`\hS˜*U ˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 68B59D �*V\ ˜S Z*™* \V\U\U a1 —\,\`S d \,\Y a˜Sfd –\Y*31 d ˜,\U\U +\`+SH

��

��

a˜*,S Z* –*–S` a,\U1 YSaWS

116 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

a*Y \™W*4SW* V\™ Y*Y1 d a\+d ™* U1 –\Xd+SY 4* W*VdZ\crE V*31 �*`1ZE V\U* U1 SY*W* 57 —\™SZ* V*™* U\U U1Y*UV* –`1YSZdW*D t�*Y\ U1™Z\Y ˜\ ZSa*Y dhSZSW*E *Y*Y* U1 aW1™1c1— Ud˜`* +SW* Y`˜,*D �\WSV\ —\™ ˜\hd™Z\ 4,dh*W\E \a1c*Y V`S,Sgd j˜\ U1 ZSa*Y ,S™1OW* ˜1 –\aW1™[1 ,1h1`S S 4+\— \Z\—* j˜\ a1 ™1aSW\aW1™1c1— Ud˜`*D �*SY1E V*™* U1 ˜*˜* V`1Zd\ Z* –\OaW\,ZS –d˜E `1V*\ U1 Y\U\U a1a˜`S S Y1ZS ™* –*4SY\Z* Y*YdD �WS YS aY\ a1 da–*,*W1D �*™* a*Y \˜SjW*d Y*YSZd a\+dE ,Sj1 ZSU1 ™Sa*W*D �a1c*W* a*Y a1d3*aZ\ U1` U1 +SW* ™\+`\ V*™* U1 ˜*˜* \˜Sj*\Ir�\–d˜ �*`1ZE Y\3™* S ˜S \a1c*j S4,1aZd Y1`d

V`S,Sg1 4+\— a˜,*`S V\U1 aS –`\–da˜S\ ™* d`*O™SjD �\3™* h*V YdhSj a1+1 `*4YSjX*UdcS t™* a*Ya*Y\rD G˙* a*Y a*Y\ h1jc1 —\,\`S\ ˜*˜S ™* \™1 V\™W1V*`*DF G˙* a*Y a*Y\ –`\,1`SW* V*V\ U1 Y*Y*DF �V\ ˜1Ydh1 ˜*V,1 YSaWSE d–*Y˜S aW1™1c1B �\`Y*WZ\ U1 j˜\+S ,\W1\ ™* aS Z1V1 a˜,*`S d`*™S\ ™`d—*hSU1D �S[1OZSg* U1 ™* +S aS—d`Z\ –\a˜d–S\ ™`d—*hSU1 ™* aS 4Z*\j˜* c1 a1 ™\—\™S˜SD �WS ˜S ˜\ ZSaS 4Z*\D �`1Y*˜\Y1E Z1Y* `*4W\—* ™* \a1c*j V`S,SgdD �S ZSaS \™O—\,\`*Z 4* aY`˜ a,\— `\™S˜1X*I�

� �V\WSV\ ˜1 ˜*V,* \a1c*[* Ydh1 ™d31 ,`1Y1Z*E –\`*4—\,*`*Ua `\™S˜1X1Y V\US U1 3S, SWS a Z1V\Y ™`d—\Y \™`*aW\Y \a\+\YD� ,`1Y1Z\Y c1j a˜1cS d`*,Z\˜131ZSUS –\—W1™ Z* a˜,*`SD

�*™* Y1 \+d4Y1 ˜d—*E U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X*V\US U1 3S,

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

1gS V*V\ a1 \a1c*jD � �\aW\,Sg*Y* 56B69 a˜\USBt˙\+`* `1h `*4,1a1WS �h\,1V*�Dr �V\ –\˜SaVdU1j \a1Oc*[*E +Sc1 ˜S ˜131 ™* a1 Z\aSj a +\W\YD � ™`d—1a˜`*Z1E *V\ a1 Z1V\Y –\,1`SjE hdc1j G™\+`1 `1hSF\f`*+`1[* V*™* ad ˜S Z*U–\˜`1+ZSU1D *4—\,*`*U a �\—\YD 1`\,*˜Z\ c1j a1 \a1c*O

˜S YZ\—\ +\X1 Z*V\Z j˜\ d Y\WS˜,S GS4WSU1j a,\U1a`g1F 1f\,S �\—d L�a*W*Y :6B<MD �\ ZSU1 Z1VS ,S™ ˜1O`*–SU1 ™* +S a1 \a1c*\ +\X1D � Y\WS˜,S a1 \+`*c*jG�\—d a,*V1 d˜1f1E V\US Z*a ˜1jS d a,*V\U Z*j\U Z1O,\XSF L6D �\`SZc*ZSY* 5B7E 8MD �\— Z*a ˜1jS S –`1OV\ a,\U1 1hSE �S+WSU1 LSYX*ZSY* 59B8MD ˛*j˜\ Z1+S SY*\ –`S `dgS a–Sa*V a˜Sf\,* V\US ad ˜S d˜1OjZSH��\W 4+\— —d+S˜V* Z1 –`1a˜*U1 –`1V\ Z\cSD �WS �SO

+WSU* –`d3* d˜1fdE U1` Z*Y 4*aS—d`*,* ™* d �\3U1YZ\,\Y a,1˜d taY`˜S ,Sj1 Z1c1 +S˜SE ZS ˜d—1E ZS U*dOV*E ZS +\W* ,Sj1 Z1c1 +S˜Sr L�˜V`S,1[1 65B7E 8MD*4YSjX*[1 \ ˜*V,\Y \+1c*[d Y\31 –\Y\cS S ˜1+S™* –`1+\WSj aY`˜ `\™S˜1X*D

� �1VSY* ad d˜1jZS aW1™1cS a˜Sf\,SB �a*W*Y 78B5<C 5>6B5;C58;B7C �a*SU* 69B<C \,*Z 9B6<E 6=D

=t��\— c1 \+`Sa*˜S a,*Vd ad4d a [Sf\,Sf\hSUd S aY`˜S ,Sj1 Z1c1 +S˜SE ZS ˜d—1E ZSU*dV*E ZS +\W* ,Sj1 Z1c1 +S˜SD �1a˜*W\ U1\Z\ j˜\ U1 Z1V*™ +SW\r L�˜V`S,1[1 65B8M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

118 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ™\+`\ ™* `*4YSjX*j \ W1–SYda–\Y1Z*Y* Z* `\™S˜1X* V\US U1 –`1YSZd\H

˘ ˛*j˜\ ˜S –Sa*[1 \ \a1c*[SY* Y\31 –\Y\cS™* a1 S4+\`Sj a* 3*W\jcdH

"� � �˚��H

�*,1™S ˜`S \a\+SZ1 V\U1 g1ZSj V\™ –`*,\— –`SU*˜1X*D˛*˜SY Z*–SjS j˜* Y\31j ˜S d`*™S˜S ™* +S `*4,S\SWS –\+\Xj*\ ˜1 \a\+SZ1 V\™ a1+1D

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV2˙� � ��˛��˚� �˚�˚H

ı

119

3" �� ˙��

12

1�,1™\h1[1djV\WS

12

8�\+1™S˜Sa˜`1a

13

4�`1VSZd˜SjV\W\,*[1H

14

2�*a˜*,ZSgS

15

0 `1Y1

15

6�dW˜d`ZSU*4

17

�*V\ ™*a*,W*™*Ya˜`*f S

a,1™\hSYd jV\WSH

t jV\WS U1 +SW\ \™WShZSf –`SWSV* ™*—\,\`SY \ a,\USY ,1`\,*[SY*D WS U* a*YSf –`\–da˜S\r L�*W1+Mt�`\e1a\`V* U1 –S˜*W* g1\ `*4`1™ j˜*YSaWS \ 1,\WdgSUSD ˛Z*W* a*Y ™* U1 ˜\ +SW*ad–1` –`SWSV* ™* V*31Y d j˜* ,1`dU1YD WS\™ a˜`*f* a*Y –\˜–dZ\ 4*Z1Y1W*D �*aZSU1 YSU1 +SW\ a˜`*jZ\ V`S,\ 4+\— ˜\—*r L�*aYSZ*M

121

��˝˙� aS S ˜S ™\3S,1\ Z1j˜\ aWShZ\ V*\ �*W1+S *aYSZ*D �\–d˜ [SfE ,1`\,*˜Z\ ,\WSj +S+WSUaV*dh1[* S 31WSj ™* Sf –\™1WSj a ™`d—SY*D �* S–*VEY\3™* a1 aV*Y1ZSj S –`S a*Y\U –\YSaWS ™* —\,\`Sj\ a,\U\U ,1`SD �WS a˜`*f ZSU1 Z1–`1Y\a˜S,* +*`SU1`*D�*V\ —* Y\31j a*,W*™*˜SH ˚,\ Z1V\WSV\ V\`*V*D5D �–SjS h1—* a1 +\USjD �*™ 4*YSaWSj a1+1 V*V\

—\,\`Sj ™`d—SY* \ a,\U\U ,1`SE Y\3™* \™Y*f ,SO™Sj Z*U—\`S Y\—dcS ag1Z*`S\I �10d˜SYE –\Z1V*™ ˜*Ua˜`*f +d™1 Y*[S *V\ a1 Z1V\Y –\,1`Sj SWS 4*–Sj1jh1—* a1 –W*jSjD˙\,`jS aW1™1cd `1h1ZSgdB˘ �V\ +Sf —\,\`S\ \ a,\USY ,1`\,*[SY* d jV\WSE

–W*jSY a1 ™* +S a1 Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S aW1™1c1B ı ...............

..................................................................................................

�˜1jZ\ U1 4Z*˜S ™* a1 S ™`d—S YW*™S f`Sjc*ZS ad\Oh*,*Ud a* aWShZSY a˜`*f\,SY*D �* –`SY1`E 58O—\™SOj[S �`Sa˜\e1` –`S4Z*U1B t�W*jSY a1 ™* c1 Y1 ™`dO—\,S SaY1,*˜S S `1cS a,SY* ™* a*Y a1V˜*jDr � �*W1+EV\— aY\ gS˜S`*WS d d,\™dE V*31B t�\U*\ a*Y a1 ™* c1YS Z1V\ –\a˜*,S˜S –S˜*[1 Z* V\U1 Z1cd 4Z*˜S \™—\O,\`Dr6D �˜SaZS –1˜XdD ˙* WS ad ˜,\US a˜`*f\,S –\˜–dO

Z\ Z1\aZ\,*ZSH �1 Y\`* ™* 4Z*hSE V*\ j˜\ a16>O—\™Sj[* �WSa* –`Sa1c*D t�1VS ad a1 –`1˜,*`*O

WS ™* Sf 4*ZSY*Ud Y\U* ,1O`\,*[*rE V*31 \Z*D t�WS V*OaZSU1 ad S4,`ZdWS \Z\ j˜\a*Y `1VW* S 4*,S˜W*,*WS Y1–`1™ ™`d—SY*Dr �1™*YZ*1Oa˜\—\™Sj[* �SV\WSZ* ™\O3S,1W* U1 aW1™1c1B t 1™*Z™1hV\ U1 d–\`1™S\ a˜Sf S4a,\U1 �S+WSU1 a* Sa˜SY a˜SOf\Y S4 Y\U1 �S+WSU1 S `1hSad a1 `*4WSV\,*W1D 1V*\ U1

122 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\3™* ˜S a1 Z1VS™`d—\,S ™S,1 4+\—˜\—* j˜\ a1 h,`a˜\™`3Sj +S+WSUaVSfY1`SW*E *WS a1 a˜S™1™* ˜1 –S˜*Ud Z1j˜\\ ˜,\U\U ,1`SD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

™* U1 Y\U* �S+WSU* –`\Y1[1Z*D �™d41W* a*Y a1D �Sa*Y4Z*W* j˜* ™* V*31YDr��,*V,1 aS˜d*gSU1 a˜,*`Z\ Y\—d S4—W1™*˜S 4*a˜`*O

jdUdc1D �WS dY1a˜\ ™* +13Sj \™ [SfE a˜SaZS –1˜Xd S–`Sf,*˜S ˜*V,1 S4*4\,1 V*\ a*a˜*,ZS ™1\ a,\— f`SOjc*ZaV\— 3S,\˜* L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B56MD t�ada U1 `1V*\™* c1 [1—\,S aW1™+1ZSgS +S˜S –`\—\[1ZSrE V*31 57OO—\™Sj[S �*`V\E t˜*V\ ™* Z1 Y\31Y\ \h1VS,*˜S ™*c1Y\ a1 YS S Z*j* ,1`\,*[* a,SY* ™\–*™*˜Sr L \,*Z59B6>MD7D *4YSjX*U \ –\4S˜S,ZSY `14dW˜*˜SY*D �\31

WS Sj˜* ™\+`\ –`\S4*cS S4 Z1V\— Z*S4—W1™ W\j1—SaVda˜,*H �[*E V\U* SY* 65 —\™SZdE YSaWS ™* Y\31Dt�1jV\ U1 \+U*aZS˜S a,\U* ,1`\,*[* Xd™SY* V\US Z1g1Z1 �S+WSUdrE V*31 \Z*E t*WS ˜\ ˜S –\Y*31 ™* +\X1`*4dY1j \Z\ d j˜* S a*Y ,1`dU1jr LSYX*ZSY* 56B6MD� a*™* a1 ,`*˜S Z* aS˜d*gSUd V\Ud aS \–Sa*\ d 5D V\O

`*VdD �\Vdj*U ™* 4*YSaWSj Z*UY*[1 ™,* ™\+`* `1O4dW˜*˜* V\U* +S Y\—W* –`\S4*cS S 4*–SjS SfD

5D ..............................................

6D ..............................................

*4YSaWSB �*V\ +S ˜\ j˜\™`d—\,SY* V*31j 4* a,\Ud,1`d Y\—W\ aY*[S˜S [Sf\,–`S˜Sa*V Z* ˜1+1H �*V\ c1

� �S+WSUaVS –`1,\™S ZSad \™`1hS ™\ `1hS Sa˜SD �10d˜SYE Z1VSad ,1`ZSUS S4,\`ZSY U14SgSY* Z*V\USY* U1 �S+WSU* –Sa*Z*D

=t�d™S˜1 d,1V a–`1YZS 4* \™+`*Zd –`1™a,*VSY V\ \™ ,*a ˜`*3S \+`*4W\31[1Z*™1 V\U* U1 d ,*Y*E *WS hSZS˜1 ˜\

a +W*—\jcd S ™d+\VSY –\j˜\,*[1YrL5D �1˜`\,* 7B59M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* a*,W*™*Y a˜`*f S a,1™\hSY d jV\WSH 123

�1Y\U ™* a,\USY ™`dO—*`SY* —\,\`Sj dj˜* ˜`1+*E * d j˜* Z1˜`1+* ™* ,1`dUdE ,1cd,1`XS,\ S4Z1aS \Z\d j˜* ,1`dU1j S 4*Oj˜\ YSaWSj ™* ˜,\USa˜*,\,S SY*Ud aYSaW*D

�˚� ��

˜\ d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜,\U1 a*Y\–\d4™*[1H �* ˜,\U* \a1c*O[* –`1Y* 1f\,S �\—dH �1—\,* \a1c*[* –`1Y* ˜1+SHL�\aW\,Sg1 67B59MD8D �`S–`1YS a1D t�`g1 –`*,1™ZSV* `*4YSjX* j˜*

c1 \™—\,\`S˜SrE a˜\US d �\aW\,Sg*Y* 59B6<D �aSYj˜\`*4YSjX*j \ ˜\Y1 j˜* c1j `1cS a,\USY ™`d—\,SY*E–\Vdj*U ™* –`1˜–\a˜*,Sj V\U* +S ˜S –S˜*[* Y\—WS–\a˜*,S˜SD �a˜`*3S ˜1 ˜1Y1 S –\˜`*3S \™—\,\`1 V\U1+S Y\—*\ S4Z1˜S a,\USY `1hSY*D LS™S ˜*+1Wd t�`SO–`1YS a,\U \™—\,\`r Z* 56;D a˜`*ZSDM9D `1ZS d *VgSUdD �*™ +d™1j +S\ a–`1Y*Z ™* —\,\O

`Sj \ a,\U\U ,1`SE V*V\ ™* 4*–\hZ1jH �Y*j ,Sj1 Y\O—dcZ\a˜SD �\,\`1[1 \ ,1`S U1 d Z1Vd `dVd –\–d˜ dW*aV*d ,\™dD �1VS Xd™S dW*41 –\W*V\E ™\V ™`d—S daV*hdD�WShZ\ ˜\Y1E Y\—*\ +S 4*–\h1˜S `*4—\,\` \ ˜1Y*Y*V\U1 ZSad ,14*Z1 4* `1WS—SUd S –\a˜1–1Z\E ™* ˜*V\ V*O31Y\E dW*4S˜S d ,\™dD �WS *V\ aS –`1,Sj1 4*+`SZd˜™* c1 Z1j˜\ V`1Zd˜S Z*\–*V\E Y\3™* +S +SW\ Z*U+\X1

124 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ t Y*j WS Z1V1 –W*Z\,1 4* `*a–da˜Hr��*V\Z \™—\,\`*E Y\31j a–\Y1Zd˜S j˜* ˜S –W*ZSO`*jE V*\ Z* –`SY1` ™* –`Sada˜,dU1j V\Z—`1adE–\a1˜Sj �1˜1W S ™`d—\D�

˘ �\Y1ZS Z1Vd ,1a˜E * 4*˜SY –S˜*UB t�1aS WS hd\4* ˜\H"˜* YSaWSj \ ˜\Y1Hr

˘ t˙* WS YSaWSj ™* c1 a1 `1jS˜S a,1˜aV*eSZ*ZaSUaV* aS˜d*gSU*H ��\31j –\Y1Zd˜SS Z1VS ™`d—S –`\+W1YD ˛*˜SY ™\–da˜S \™—\,\`D�˛*j˜\ ˜*V\ YSaWSjHr

˘ t˙* WS ,1`dU1j d �\—*Hr˘ t�™1 ,S™Sj a1+1 4* –1˜ —\™SZ*Hr ��*V\Z \™—\,\O`*E V*3S Z1j˜\ \ a,\USY ™df\,ZSY gSX1,SY*D�

V*V\ 4*–\h1˜S `*4—\,\`H

˙`d—\,SN™`d—*`Sg1 S4 `*4`1™* a V\USY* +SfY\—*\ –`Sh*˜S \ a,\USY ,1`\,*[SY*�Z*,1™S +*`1Y U1™Zd \a\+d�

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�1Y* V\U* +S Sf Z*U,Sj1 4*ZSY*W* U1

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

™* \™Y*f tdaV\OhSjr L�dV* 56B55E56MD t*4YSjX*O[1 \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ cd \+U*OaZS˜S a,\U* ,1`\,*[* d,1V YS U1 +SW\ ˜131 \™ a*Y\—`*4—\,\`*rE V*31 5;O—\™Sj[S �X\j*D t�*™* +S `*4O—\,\` V`1Zd\E +SW\ U1 YZ\—\ W*Vj1 Z1—\ j˜\ a*Y YSOaWS\Ir�:D �d™S Yd™*`D t�d™`S d,1V –`,\ `*4YSaW1 –`1 Z1—\

j˜\ Z1j˜\ d`*™1rE Z*–Sa*\ U1 �\W\Y\Z L�\aW\,Sg157B5:E TodayGs English VersionMD �*j V*\ j˜\ Z1 +S aV\OhS\ Z* —W*,d d –WSc*VE ˜*V\ Z1 +S dW1˜1\ ZS d +1aYSOaW1Z1 `*a–`*,1D �Y*U Z* dYd ™* –\a˜\US ,`1Y1 V*™ a1

� S™S \V,S` t�*V\ 4*–\h1˜S `*4—\,\`rE Z* –`1˜f\™Z\U a˜`*ZSD

˛*–\hS[*[1 `*4—\,\`*\ ,1`S U1 –\–d˜ dW*aV* d ,\™dD�\31j dcS –\W*V\E * Y\31jS a*Y\ daV\hS˜SI

—\,\`S S ,`1Y1 V*™ a1 cd˜S L�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B5E ;MD �\OZ1V*™ U1 S a*Y �ada \™+SU*\ ™* \™—\,\`S Z* –S˜*[*L�*˜1U 6:B:6E :7MD�V\ `1jSj ™* \™—\,\`SjE \Z™* Z1V* ˜\ +d™1 V`*˜O

V\ S Z1Z*Y1˜XS,\D �* –`SY1`E *V\ ˜1 Z1VS ™`d— –`\O,\gS`* `1hSY*B G˛*j˜\ Z1 4*–*WSjHFE Y\—*\ +S U1™Z\Oa˜*,Z\ `1cSB G�1 +Sf ™* a1 ˜`dU1YIF � 4*,SaZ\a˜S \™[1—\,1 `1*VgSU1E –`\g1ZS ™* WS c1j Yd `1cS Z1j˜\ \a,\USY ,1`\,*[SY*D�,Sf Z*,1™1ZSf j1a˜ V\`*V* Y\—d ˜S –\Y\cS ™* G+dO

™1j a–`1Y*Z 4* \™+`*ZdF a,\U1 ,1`1 L5D �1˜`\,* 7B59MD�*`*,Z\E ˜\ j˜\ a1 dZ*–`1™ –`S–`1Y*j Z1 4Z*hS ™*ZSV*™ Z1c1j +S˜S Z*–1˜D �10d˜SYE 5<O—\™Sj[* ˚W1OZ* V*31B t�*™* d–`V\a a,\Y a˜`*fd \+U*aZSj dj˜* ,1O`dU1jE \a1c*j ™* aS da–1\ Z1j˜\ ad–1` P –\+1™S\ aSa˜`*f S –`1d41\ `S4SV ™* Y\3™* Z1c1 a,1 Sa–*a˜SV*V\ ˜`1+*D �WS *V\ Z* V`*Ud a,1 +d™1 d `1™dE \a1c*Oc1j a1 aU*UZ\I �`1c*Z aS j˜\ aS SY*\ f`*+`\a˜S ™*Z1j˜\ V*31jDr

’’ �*™ a*Y +S\ YW*0SE ZSa*Y31W1\ ™* a1`*4WSVdU1Y \™ ™`d—1 ™1g1D \Z™* a*Y –\h1\™* af,*˜*Y V\WSV\ Y\U* ,1`* –\4S˜S,Z\d˜Sh1 Z* 3S,\˜D �\ a*4Z*[1 YS U1 4Z*˜Z\–\,1c*W\ a*Y\–\d4™*[1 S –\a˜*\ a*Y–\Z\a*Z Z* a,\Ud ,1`d‘‘ L!1Ua\ZM

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� `1,Sj1 a˜`1a* d jV\WSH�`\hS˜*U j˜* Y\31 –\Y\cSD

126 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ "˜* +S Y\—*\ +S˜S `*4W\— 4+\— h1—* jV\WaVS™`d—\,S SaY1,*Ud ˜,\U* ,1`\,*[*H

˘ *™ \™WdhSj ™* —\,\`Sj \ a,\U\U ,1`SE 4*j˜\U1 ,*3Z\ ™* ˜\ hSZSj \™,*3Z\H

"� � �˚��H

–`S–`1YS

a,\U\™—\,\`

–S˜*[1

\™—\,\`

aW1™1c1–S˜*[1

\™—\,\`

*,1˜B�\–`Sh*U\\,SY–`1™W\4SY*a`\™S˜1XSY*S™`d—SY

YW*™SYf`Sjc*ZSY*D�\–dZS˜*+1WdD˛*˜SY–\Vdj*U™*a1

a1˜SjU\jZ1V\—–S˜*[*V\U1+SY\—WS–\a˜*,S˜S˜,\USjV\WaVS

™`d—\,SE*4*˜SYa,\USY`1hSY*–`S–`1YS\™—\,\`D

V\–S`*U

\,d

a˜`*ZdI

Z1d˜`*WZ\a˜

˛*j˜\Z1–1,*j

fSYZdH˛*`Z1

,\WSja,\Ud

41YXdH

�\j˜dU1YZ*jd41YXdE

*WSU\UZ1\™*U1Yh*a˜

V\U*–`S–*™*a*Y\�\—dD

˛*`a1Z1+S+\`S\

4*a,\Ud41YXdH

�1EV*\j˜\a1YSWS\ZS

�1f\,SZSfa,1™\V*jS`\Y

a,1˜*Z1+S+\`SWS–`\˜S,

Y\U141YX1D

V`,

˛*j˜\Z1

–`SY*jV`,H

�*–`Sf,*˜*Y+14+1™Z1,S™\,1

W1h1[*EV\USZ1Z\a1`S4SV\™

–`1Z\j1[*aS™1Sf1–*˜S˜Sa*D

�S+WSU*4*+`*[dU1dZ\j1[1V`,S

S4+\—˜\—*\™+SU*Y˜`*Zaed4SUdD

�WSj˜**V\+S

dY`\dV\WSV\U1Z1

–`SYSjH˛*`˜S�\—

Z1+S\–`\a˜S\H

ı..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

–\Z*j*[1

�*US˜*UU1Sa˜1

,1`1V*\S˜SS

`*™S˜\S˜\D

˛*j˜\˜SZ1

Y\31jH

�Sa1–\dh*,*Y\�\3USY

4*V\ZSY*E*WS˜\Z14Z*hS

™*Z*Ya1Sj˜*Z*Y1c1I

�,*V\\™WdhdU14*a1+1D

�WS4*`˜\ZSad

™,\a˜`dV*Y1`SW*H

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

a˜,*`*[1

˛*j˜\Z1

,1`dU1jd

1,\WdgSUdH

�4*j˜\+S˜`1+*W\H�*V

a1ZSZ*dhZSgSZ1aW*3d\V\

[1E*\ZSadS–*Va˜`dh[*gSI

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

..

18

�*V\ ™* W*Vj1 –\™Z1a1Ya˜`1a d jV\WSH

t jV\WS a*Y +SW* –\™ ˜*V,SY –`S˜SaV\Y ™*a*Y h1a˜\ \a1c*W* ™* +Sf Y\—W* ™* –W*h1Y S,`Sj˜SY d Sa˜\ ,`1Y1r L�*YS`*Mt�˜`1a d jV\WS a1 Z1 aY*[dU1 V*V\ aS a˜*`SUSP a*Y\ a1 Y1[*Ud [1—\,S d4`\gSr L!1UYaM

128 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙� �� aY*˜`*j ™* ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 `*O4dY1Ud V\WSVS a˜`1a ™\3S,X*,*j d jV\WSH ˙\™dj1E\ZS +S Y\—WS `1cS ™* ˜S Z1 Y\`*j ™* \˜–W*cdU1j V`1O™S˜E f`*ZSj –\`\™Sgd SWS ™* d™\,\X*,*jj1edD �–*VE,1`\,*˜Z\ aY*˜`*j ™* aS ˜S d jV\WS –\™ Sa˜SY P *V\Z1 S ,1cSY –`S˜SaV\YD�*Y \™W*4*V d jV\Wd S –\,`*˜*V S4 [1 Y\31 +S˜S

a˜`1a*ZD t�jV\WaV\Y *d˜\+dad h1a˜\ ad S4+SU*W1 ˜dh1rEV*31 �*`* S4 �U1™S[1ZSf ˙`3*,*D t\4*h +S ˜*™* a˜*\Ea,S +SaY\ Y\`*WS ™* S4*01Y\ S4 *d˜\+da* S V*aZSWS+SaY\ –\W* a*˜* SWS ,Sj1Dr˙* WS a˜`1a –`1a˜*U1 V*™ a˜S—Z1j d jV\WdH �SV*V\I

�\3™* ad S ˜1+S aW1™1c1 a˜,*`S S4*4\,B˘ �˜`1a 4+\— Z*a˜*,ZSV* S –`\e1a\`*Dt�\US –`\e1a\`S 31W1 ™* +d™1Y S4Z*™ a,Sf S ™* SY*Y

Z*U+\X1 \g1Z1D �Sf\,* \h1VS,*[* YS a˜,*`*Ud –`S˜SOa*Vr L�*Z™`*MDt�`\e1a\`S 4*f˜1,*Ud \™ dh1ZSV* ™* –\a˜S3d S4,`aZ1

`14dW˜*˜1E –\a1+Z\ *V\ ad d Z1h1Y ˜*W1Z˜\,*ZSr L˚UO–`SWMDt�*V S *V\ SY*j ,`1™Z1 gSX1,1 d 3S,\˜dE Z1VS –`\O

e1a\`S ˜1 Z*,\™1 ™* a1 \a1c*j U*™Z\ U1` Z1 ˜13Sj 4*,Sa\VSY \+`*4\,*[1YE V*\ j˜\ \ZS YSaW1 ™* +S ˜`1+*OW\r� L�*\YSMD*V\ Z* ˜1+1 d˜Sh1 a˜`1a 4+\— Z*a˜*,ZSV* S –`\e1Oa\`*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ �˜`1a 4+\— ,`j[*V*Dt�a`1™[\U jV\WSE YW*™S SY*Ud ,Sj1 aW\+\™1 S +dZO

˜\,ZSUS adD �V\WSV\ SY a1 Z1 –`S™`d3SjE aY*˜`*Ud ™*ZSaS VdWr L�1,SZMDt�,*V\™Z1,Z\ a1 ad\h*,*Y a* SaVdj1[SY* ™* –\hO

Z1Y ™* –SU1Y S d–da˜SY a1 d a1Vad*WZ1 \™Z\a1D

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d 6>D –\—W*,Xd \,\—˜\Y*D

�*V\ ™* W*Vj1 –\™Z1a1Y a˜`1a d jV\WSH 129

�\Z1V*™ YS U1 ˜1jV\ ™* a1 \™d–`1Y 31XS ™* ˜\ dhSOZSYr L�`\ZMDt�*™* V*™* SY*Y 56 —\™SZ*E Z*U,1cS a˜`1a 4* Y1Z1

U1 –`S˜Sa*V ™* a1 a Z1VSY 4*+*,X*YD �,S d jV\WS Y1–S˜*UdB G�*™ c1j Z*cS ™1hV*HF r L�W1Va*Z™`*MDt�SW* a*Y –\™ –`S˜SaV\Y ™* a1 4*+*,X*Y a U1™ZSY

™1hV\YD �*™* a*Y \™+SW*E `1VWS ad ™* ,\WSY ™1,\UV1D� ˜\ a1 a,1 ™1aSW\ V*™* a*Y SY*W* a*Y\ ™1a1˜ —\™SZ*IrL�`Sa˜SZ*MD*V\ Z* ˜1+1 d˜Sh1 a˜`1a 4+\— ,`j[*V*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ ˙`d—S e*V˜\`S a˜`1a*D �˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ \Z\—j˜\ ˜1 Z*U,Sj1 –\—*0* P SWS ™\–SjS Z1j˜\ –\`1™a˜*,V1 ™`d—\D

O �1a˜\,S S V\Z˜`\WZS 4*™*gSO ˙\Y*cS 4*™*gSO 1WSV* \h1VS,*[* `\™S˜1X*O �,\U* ,1WSV* \h1VS,*[*O �*W˜`1˜S`*[1 SWS a1Vad*WZ\ d4Z1YS`*,*[1O ˙`d—\ ....................................................................................

�*V\ ™* a˜`1a Z1 Z*–`*,S d`Z1+1aH�SU1 `1*WZ\ \h1VS,*˜S ™* c1j 4*,`jS˜S jV\W\,*O

[1 +14 SY*W\ a˜`1a*D �*`*,Z\E –`1,Sj1 a˜`1a* Y\31+S˜S Sag`–XdUdc1D �d™`S V`*X �\W\Y\Z U1 Z*–Sa*\B

t�W*h1[1 Y\31 Z*,1a˜S YdO™`\—* ™* –\a˜d–* Wd™\r L�`\O–\,1™ZSV ;B;MD �WSE ˜S ˜\a1+S Z1Y\U ™\4,\WS˜SD �XdhU1 d ˜\Y1 ™* Z*dhSj V*V\ ™*a1 da–1jZ\ +\`Sj a [SYD�*,W*™*,*[1 a˜`1a* U1 –\O

–d˜ ™S4*[* ˜1—\,*D ˙* +S+S\ da–1j*ZE ™S4*h ˜1—\,*a1 Y\`* dZ*–`1™ \™—\,*`*UdO

130 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙\,\XZ\ aZ* ˜\V\YZ\cSP +*`1Y \a*Ya*˜SP Z1 a*Y\ j˜\˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS d+\`+S a* a˜`1a\Y ,1cS –\+\Xj*,* ˜,\U1–*Yc1[1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

c1 –`S–`1YS˜SD �Z Z1 –\™S31 –`1,1OWSVd ˜13SZd S ˜1—\,1 ™S31 –`*,SWZ\D�V\WSV\ ˜*V\ hSZSE `*4,Sc1 aZ*3Z1YSjSc1 S Z1c1 a1 –\,`1™S˜SD � ™`d—1a˜`*Z1E *V\ Z1 +S ˜*V\ `*™S\E Y\—W\ +S™\cS ™\ –dg*[* YSjSc* SWS –`1W\OY* V\a˜SD�WShZ\ ˜\Y1E ˜S Y\31j S4*cS Z*

V`*U a* a˜`1a\,SY* S da–1jZ\ SaO–dZS˜S a,1 a,\U1 \+*,141 * ™*–`S ˜\Y Z1 Z*jV\™Sj a1+SD �*OV\H �`1™d4YS aW1™1c1 V\`*V1B5D �`1–\4Z*U V\ZV`1˜Z1 d4`\O

V1D t�*Y1˜*Z h\,1V ,S™S 4W\ S aVW*[* a1rE V*31 U1™Z*Yd™`* –\aW\,Sg* L�\aW\,Sg1 66B7MD �WS Z1 Y\31j a1aVW\ZS˜S \™ a˜`1a* dV\WSV\ –`,\ Z1 \˜V`SU1j j˜*Z*Uh1jc1 ™\,\™S ™\ [1—*D ˛*˜\ –\—W1™*U –\`1™ V\USfaS a˜*,VS a˜*,S\ 4Z*V �D"˜* ˜S ˜`1Zd˜Z\ a˜,*`* Z*UO,Sj1 a˜`1a*H6D �\˜`*3S `1j1[1D �* –`SY1`E *V\ aS –`1\–˜1`1O

c1Z ™\Y*cSY 4*™*gSY*E –\—W1™*U –`1™W\—1 S4 57D –\O—W*,X* 6D ˜\Y* \,1 V[S—1D �V\WSV\ aS –\™ –`S˜SaV\Y™* a1 d–da˜Sj d –\WZ1 \™Z\a1E Z*cS c1j V\`SaZ1 a*O,1˜1 d 6E 9E S 59D –\—W*,Xd ˜\— ˜\Y*D7D �1Y\U ™* \™d—\,W*hSjD �`\+W1YS \+ShZ\ Z1c1

Z1a˜*˜S *V\ Sf S—Z\`Sj1jD �*j ad–`\˜Z\E \ZS –\Oa˜*Ud ,1cS S ˜*V\ a1 ˜,\U a˜`1a a*Y\ –\,1c*,*D �*™*U1™Z\Y \™WdhSj V*V\ c1j `1jS˜S Z1Vd a˜`1aZd aSO˜d*gSUdE Z1Y\U \VW1,*˜SI �™Y*f V`1ZS d *VgSUdD �*–`SY1`E *V\ aS 1f\,SZ a,1™\V S 4*˜\ a1 ˜`d™Sj ™*

*\ j˜\ ˜1 Sa–`*,Z\™S4*[1 ˜1—\,* Y\31\U*h*˜S ˜1W1aZ\E ˜*V\ ˜1S Sa–`*,Z\ ad\h*,*[1 a*a˜`1a\Y Y\31 \U*h*˜S1Y\gS\Z*WZ\


3S,Sj –\ +S+WSUaVSY Y\`*WZSY Y1`SWSY*E j˜\ –`1˜\ V*3SD �\ c1 ˜S aY*[S˜S Z*–1˜\a˜D �*`j1E V\U* SY*6> —\™SZ*E V*31B t�™Y*f Z* –\h1˜Vd jV\WaV1 —\™SOZ1 4*–\h1W* +Sf `*4—\,\` \ Z1V\U ˜1YS 4* V\Ud a*Y

4Z*W* ™* c1 YS \Y\—dcS˜S™* \+U*aZSY +S+WSUaV* Y1`SOW* V\USf a1 ™`3SYD �*™* +Sf\™W*—*W* ™* V*31Y ™* a*Y�,1™\VE +SW\ +S YS ˜131D˛*Sa˜* U1 +SW\ W*Vj1 V*™*+Sf \™Y*f Z* –\h1˜Vd S4Z1OW* a,\U a˜*,E * 4*˜SY a1 ˜\OV\Y g1W1 —\™SZ1 –\Z*j*W* daVW*™d a [SYDr8D ˛*Y\WS 4* –\Y\cD� Z*UO

U*hS ™S4*h ˜1—\,* SY* a,\U1—`*ZSg1D �a˜\ ,*3S S 4* ˜1O+1D �WSE Z1 Y\`*j a*Y ™* Z\OaSj ˜*U ˜1`1˜ L�*W*˜SY* :B6MD˛*j˜\ Z1 –\–`Sh*j a `\™SO˜1XSY* SWS ™`d—SY 4`1WSYf`Sjc*ZSY*H �\V*3S SYa,\U1 \™—\,\`1 Z* –S˜*[* V\O

’’ �*˜* a1 a,*VS ™*Z Y\WS\ a* YZ\Y –`1 Z1—\j˜\ +S Y1 \™,14*\ d jV\WdD �\ YS U1 d,1V–`d3*W\ \a1c*U aS—d`Z\a˜S‘‘ L�S4M

�\™1WS –`\+W1Y1 V\US˜S a˜,*`*Ud a˜`1a d ™,1—`d–1P \Z1 a V\USY*Y\31j Z1j˜\ dhSZSO˜S S \Z1 Z*™ V\USY*Z1Y*j V\Z˜`\WdD �`,\`*™S Z* \ZSY* Z* V\U1Y\31j d˜Sg*˜SD ˛*O˜SYE V*™* `1jSj a,1[SfP *V\ a1 ˜\ SV*™™1aSP SY*c1j ,`1OY1Z* ™\ YSW1 ,\X1 ™*`*4YSjX*j \ \ZSY*V\U1 Z1 Y\31j `1jSO˜SD

�˚� ��

˙* +Sf a1 W*Vj1 S4+\`S\ a* a˜`1a\YE V*™ —\™ U1˜\ Y\—dc1 ScS cd d V`1,1˜ d ı .....................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

U* ad –\a˜*,X1Z* d \,\Y –\—W*,XdD �S˜*U Sf ™* WS SY*OUd Z1V1 –`1™W\—1D

�Y* WS a˜`1a S ™\+`d a˜`*ZdH�\3™* c1 ˜S +S˜S ˜1jV\ ™* –\,1`dU1jE *WS ˜\ j˜\

aS ™\Z1VW1 –\™ a˜`1a\Y 4*–`*,\ U1 ™\+*` 4Z*VD ˛*j˜\H�\ Y\31 +S˜S –\V*4*˜1X ™* aS Y*`XS,* \a\+* S ™* ˜Sa*,1a˜ ZSU1 \˜d–1W*D ˛*–*4S V*V\ a1 d �S+WSUS \–SadOU1 h\,1V V\US S4—W1™* ™* d\–j˜1 ZSU1 \a1c*\ ZSV*V*,a˜`1aB t˙\VW1 c1j W13*˜SH �*™* c1j da˜*˜S \™ a,\—aZ*H \j Y*W\ \™a–*,*UE U\j Y*W\ \™`1Y*UE U\j Y*W\aVW\–S `dV1 S –`SW1—ZSE –* c1 aS`\Y*j˜,\ ˜,\U1 ™\cSV*\ –X*hV*jE S \aVd™Sg* ˜,\U* V*\ Z*\`d3*Z h\,1VrL�\aW\,Sg1 :B=O55MD"1aZ*1a˜\—\™Sj[* �*U™S U1 ˜\ W1–\ a*31W* aW1™1O

cSY `1hSY*B t"V\W* Y\3™* S4—W1™* V*\ a˜`*jZ\ Y1Oa˜\E *WS –`S˜SagS a V\USY* a1 ad\h*,*j d [\U Sa˜S adV*\ S \ZS Z* V\U1 c1j Z*SW*4S˜S V*™ a1 4*–\aWSjDr�a˜SZ*E ZSU1 W*V\ +\`S˜S a1 a* a˜`1a\YE *WS *V\ a1 SaO–`*,Z\ –\a˜*,SjE \Z ˜S Z1c1 Z*jV\™S˜SD � a˜,*`SEY\31 ˜1 dhSZS˜S U*h\Y \a\+\YD

= t�,1 a,\U1 +`S—1 +*gS˜1 Z* ��\—* EU1` a1 \Z +`SZ1 4* ,*ar L5D �1˜`\,* 9B;M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS U1 Z*–dj˜*[1 jV\W1`1j1[1 –`\+W1Y*H


˘ ˛*j˜\ –1`e1VgS\ZS4*Y a*Y\ –\,1c*,*a˜`1aH

˘ � VSY +S Y\—*\ –\–`Sh*˜S *V\ aS –\™–`1,1WSVSY a˜`1a\YH

"� � �˚��H

˙� �� a1 \™—\,\`S Z*\,* ™,* –S˜*[* –\VW*O–*UdH �*V S *V\ U1 ˜*V\S U\j d,1V S™1j d jV\OWdE Y\3™* –\Z1V*™ –\31OWSj ™* U1 Z*–da˜SjD ˙*WS a1 –`\Z*W*4Sj d aW1O™1cSY S4U*,*Y*Ht˙1j*,*W\ a1 ™* a*Y +SO

W* –\™ ˜*V\ ,1WSVSY a˜`1a\Y ™*YS a1 ZSU1 da˜*U*W\ S4 V`1,1˜*D�SaWSW* a*YB G˛*j˜\ Y\`*Y ™* S™1Y d jV\Wd SdhSY a˜,*`S V\U1 YS ZSV*™* Z1c1 ˜`1+*˜SHF r L*Of1W*MD

19

˙* WS ™*Z*–da˜SYjV\WdH

"˜* YSaWSjE V*™*˜`1+* ™* 4*,`jSj

jV\W\,*[1Hı .................................

�*™* ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS31W1 ™* 4*,`jSj

jV\W\,*[1H.................................

134 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

t�1a˜\ a*Y +S\ –`1Y\`1Z S a*Y\ a*Y 31W1\ ™* Z*O–da˜SY jV\Wd S 4*–\aWSY a1D �Y*\ a*Y \a1c*U ™*Z1Y* ZSV*V,1 V\`Sa˜S \™ [1 S ™* +S YS +SW\ +\X1™* Z*01Y –\a*\ S 4*`*0dU1Yr L \`01MDt�j*\ a*Y d a`1™[d jV\Wd d U1™Z\Y aS`\Y*jZ\Y

V`*Ud —`*™* S +SW\ YS U1 ˜1jV\ ™* a1 dVW\–SYD �Sa*YSY*\ –`\+W1Y* a* jV\WaVSY –`\—`*Y\YE ,1c a ˜SYj˜\ a*Y +S\ \™+*h1Z S da*YX1ZD �*V S ™`d—S V\US adSa˜\ +SWS \™+*h1ZS ZSad `*4—\,*`*WS a* YZ\YI �S\a*Y Z* S,SgS ™* Z*–da˜SY jV\Wdr L*U*ZMDt�,*V\— ™*Z* `*™SW* a*Y ™\Y*c1 4*™*˜V1 –\ h1O

˜S`S a*˜*I �SW* a*Y Z\ZOa˜\– ˜\WSV\ 4*˜`–*Z* 4*O™*gSY*E ˜1a˜\,SY* S ™`d—SY jV\WaVSY \+*,14*Y*™* a*Y YSaWSW* ™* cd –dcSD �˜1W* a*Y ™* a1 \aW\O+\™SY ˜\—*r L�SZ™SMDt�Y*WS aY\ W*3Zd ™\U*,d \ +\Y+SE ˜`S –\Vdj*U*

a*Y\d+Sa˜,*E U1™Z\ a*Y\d+Sa˜,\ S ™S,X*[1 fdWSO—*Z*D �\Z1V*™ YS U1 +SW\ a,1—* –`1V\ —W*,1 S f˜1OW* a*Y ™* Z*–da˜SY jV\Wdr L\d4MD˙* WS S ˜S SY*j aWShZ1 S4*4\,1H �V\ SY*jE 4+\—

h1—* –\31WSj ™* Z*–da˜Sj jV\WdH

ı..................................................................................................

�\3™* d–`*,\ a*™* \4+SXZ\ `*4YSjX*j \ ˜\Y1™* –`1VSZ1j jV\W\,*[1D �10d˜SYE V*V\ Y\31j4Z*˜S ™* WS ˜\ hSZSj 4*˜\ j˜\ aS a*4`1\ S j˜\ U1™\jW\ ,`1Y1 4* ˜\ SWS ˜S U1 a*Y\ YdV* \™ a,1—* S31WSj ™* Z*–da˜Sj jV\WdH

˙* WS U1 ˜\ Yd™`* \™WdV*H˙* WS aS 4Z*\ ™* U1 d Z1VSY 41YX*Y* d\+Sh*U1Z\

™* jV\W\,*[1 ˜`*U1 S4Y10d –1˜ S \a*Y —\™SZ*H �™`d—SY 41YX*Y* a1 \™ dh1ZSV* \h1VdU1 ™* a1 jV\OWdUd +*`1Y ™1a1˜ —\™SZ*D �`1Y* ˜\Y1E j˜\ a1 ˜Sh1—\™SZ* jV\W\,*[* SWS +`\U* `*4`1™*E Z1 –\a˜\USY1`SW\ V\U1 +S –\™U1™Z*V\ ,*3SW\ 4* a,1 d g1W\Ya,1˜dD

˙* WS ™* Z*–da˜SY jV\WdH 135

�aSY ˜\—*E d Z1VSY 41YX*Y* 4*V\Z \Y\—dc*,*dh1ZSgSY* ™* a1 jV\WdUd ,*Z`1™Z\E +14 \+*,141 ™*`1™\,Z\ –\f*0*Ud jV\WaVd Z*a˜*,dD �*`*,Z\E 4* ˜\U1 –\˜`1+Z* a*—W*aZ\a˜ S a*`*™[* `\™S˜1X*D �Sdh1ZSgS ZSad Z*–da˜SWS jV\WdD�10d˜SYE *V\ `*4YSjX*j \ ˜\Y1 ™* –`1VSZ1j

jV\W\,*[1 –`1 Y*˜d`1 P +SW\ ™* aS `1™\,*Z SWS,*Z`1™*Z dh1ZSV P Z1\–f\™Z\ U1 ™* `*4YSaWSj \aW1™1cSY –S˜*[SY*B"˜* 4*V\Z Z*W*31H �*\ j˜\ aY\ `*ZSU1 a–\Y1O

ZdWSE ™`3*,* \™`10dU1 V\WSV\ ˜`*U1 \+*,14Z\ \+`*O4\,*[1 S ˜\ a1 Y\31 `*4WSV\,*˜S \™ 41YX1 ™\41YX1D �\WSV\ ˜`*U1 \+*,14Z\ \+`*4\,*[1 d ˜,\U\U41YXSH ˙* WS aS ,1c Sa–dZS\ ˜*U 4*f˜1,H �1 +S+SW\ Yd™`\ ™* Z*–da˜Sj jV\Wd –`1 ˜\— ,`1Y1Z*U1` +S a1 ˜SY1 \—WdjS\ \ +S+WSUaVd 4*–\,1a˜ ™* +dO™1j t–\™W\3*Z ,W*a˜SY* Z*™ a\+\Yr LSYX*ZSY*57B5MD˙* WS a*Y Sa–dZS\ a,\U1 gSX1,1 d –\—W1™d

\+`*4\,*[*H �\U1 gSX1,1 31WSj ™* \a˜,*`Sj dV\USY* c1 ˜S –\Y\cS \+`*4\,*[1H �SaS aS—d`*ZH�`1+*W\ +S ™* +d™1jI �ad–`\˜Z\Y c1j +S˜S –\–d˜–d˜ZSV* V\US U1 a1\ d ,\4 *WS Z1Y* –`1™a˜*,d —™131WS ™* a˜S—Z1D ˛*˜\ a* a,\USY `\™S˜1XSY* –\–dOZS \V,S` t�\US gSX1,Sr Z* 57=D a˜`*ZSD �*V\ c1ja˜*WZ\ SY*˜S d YSaWSY* a,\U1 gSX1,1 S Y\cS c1ja `\™S˜1XSY* Sa–W*ZS`*˜S V\WSV\ c1j U\j ScS djV\Wd L�\aW\,Sg1 65B9MD�™ Z*a˜*,ZSV* S ™`d—Sf c1j aS—d`Z\ ™\+SU*˜S

a*,1˜1 \ ˜\Y1 V\WSV\ U\j ˜`1+* ™* S™1j d jV\OWdD �10d˜SYE –`*,\ ™* ™\OZ1ad V\Z*hZd \™WdVd SY*Ud˜,\US `\™S˜1XS L�\aW\,SOg1 5B<C �\W\j*ZSY* 7B6>MD�1 +S +SW\ –*Y1˜Z\ ™* Z*O–da˜Sj jV\Wd –`1 Z1—\

136 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*gS V\US +131a h*a\,* h1jc1Z*–dj˜*Ud jV\WdD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

j˜\ \a˜,*`Sj gSX1,1 V\U1 aS –\a˜*,S\ d ™\—\,\`da [SY*D˛+\— h1—* 31WSY ™* Z*–da˜SY jV\WdH �*4S ™*

a1 Z1 4*,*`*,*j L 1`1YSU* 5;B=MD �d™S ad –\ –`SO`\™S aVW\ZS ™* Z*W*41 \–`*,™*[1 4* a1+ShZ1 –\Oa˜d–V1 L *V\,X1,* 5B66MD�\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[dE V\US `*4W\4S ZSad \–`*,™*[1

4* –`1VS™*[1 jV\W\,*[*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* aS Z*,1\H �\3™* U1 ˜\ S4+1—*,*[1 ˜1a˜\,*SWS ™\Y*cSf 4*™*˜*V*D �V\WSV\ –W*ZS`*j ™* Z*O–da˜SjjV\WdE ,*3Z\ U1 ™* d,S™Sj 4+\— h1—* ˜\ 4*O–`*,\ 31WSjD�V\ U1 d –S˜*[d a*Y\ 31X* ™* –\+1—Z1j \™ –`\O

+W1Y*E V*aZSU1 c1j ,1`\,*˜Z\ ™\3S,1˜S Z1–`SU*ÕZ\ \˜`13[*,*[1D

˛+\— h1—* U1 ˜\ –\—`1j*Z V\`*VH�`1VS™*[1 jV\W\,*[* U1 –\–d˜ SaV*V*[* S4

,\4* –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ a˜S—Z1j ™\ a,\— \™`1™Sj˜*D�Zd˜`* U1 Y\3™* Z1d™\+Z\E * –d˜ZSgS ad Z1–`SU*ÕZSD �WSE *V\ SaV\hSj S4 ,\4*E Z1c1j a˜ScS ™\ 31OX1Z\— Y1a˜* S ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j a1 \4+SXZ\ –\,`1O™S˜SD �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E *V\ Z*–da˜Sj jV\WdE Y\3™*Z1c1j \a˜,*`S˜S a,\U1 gSX1,1 S ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1ja˜,\`S˜S a1+S –`\+W1Y1 \™ V\USf Z1VS Y\—d daW1O™S˜S \™Y*fE * ™`d—S V*aZSU1D�`\+W1YS V\US Y\—d daW1™S˜S \™Y*fB 1`\,*Õ

Z\ c1 ˜S +S˜S YZ\—\ ˜131 ™* a1 4*–\aWSjE * *V\S da–1jE ˜\ c1 Y\3™* +S˜S aW*+SU1 –W*c1Z –\a*\

= t�\ U1 —\™ +`4\–W1˜ aS—d`Z\ a`X*d \aVd™Sgdr L�\aW\,Sg1 65B9M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙


\™ \Z\—* V\US +S Y\—*\™\+S˜S *V\ 4*,`jSjjV\WdD ˙* +S –\™YS`S\\aZ\,Z1 3S,\˜Z1 –\˜`1O+1E Y\3™* c1j Y\`*˜S™* `*™Sj ™d31E ,1`\,*˜OZ\ d \V`d31[d —\`1Y \™\Z\— V\U1 ˜`1Zd˜Z\ SY*j d jV\WSD�`\+W1YS V\US Y\—d daW1™S˜S V*aZSU1B �a˜`*O

3S,*[* –\V*4dUd ™* V\™ \ZSf V\US `*ZSU1 –`1VSZdjV\W\,*[1 –\a˜\US ,1c* ,1`\,*˜Z\c* ™* c1 +S˜SaW*+SU1— 4™`*,X*E ™* c1 4*,`jS˜S d 4*˜,\`d SWS4*,SaS˜S \™ a\gSU*WZ1 –\Y\cSD�*`*,Z\E 4*,`j1˜*V jV\W1 ZSU1 —*`*ZgSU* ™*

c1j a,1 ˜\ S4+1cSD �WS 4*j˜\ +S –`1VS™*[1YjV\OW\,*[* a1+S a˜,\`S\ Z1–\˜`1+Z1 –`\+W1Y1H

˛*j˜\ U1 ™\+`\ ™* Z1 Z*–dj˜*j jV\WdH˙\™dj1E *V\ aS d–`*,\ ™\+S\ aW*+d \g1Zd SWS aS

SY*\ ˜13*V ™*Z d jV\WSE Y\3™* 31WSj ™* ™S—Z1j`dV1 P a,*VS +d™dcS –`\O+W1Y ™1WdU1 ˜S +14Z*h*UZ\d –\`101[d a* \ZSY j˜\˜1 ˜`1Zd˜Z\ YdhSD �WS –`1Z1—\ j˜\ V`1Z1j WSZSU\YY*[1— \˜–\`*E \aY\˜`SV*V\ U1 YW*™SY* V\U1 aY\`*ZSU1 gS˜S`*WS –\Y\—W\˜\ j˜\ ZSad Z*–da˜SWSjV\WdD

�`1VS™*[1jV\W\,*[*U1 –\–d˜ SaV*V*[* S4 ,\4*–`1 Z1—\ j˜\ a˜S—Z1j™\ a,\— \™`1™Sj˜*

138 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�V\WSV\ ˜S U1 ˜1jV\ djV\WSE 4*Y\WS `\™SO˜1X1 ™* ˜S \W*Vj*UdVdcZ1 \+*,141 ˜*V\ ™*SY*j ,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z*4* dh1[1D

�˚� ��

�`,1Za˜,1Z* dW\—* \+`*4\,*[* U1 ™* ˜1 \a–\Oa\+S 4* –\a*\ V\US c1 ˜S \Y\—dcS˜S ™* S4™`3*,*ja1+1 S –\`\™Sgd V\Ud c1j U1™Z\— ™*Z* Y\3™*SY*˜S L6D \Wd[*ZSY* 7B5>E 56MD ˙* WS ,1c 4Z*jhSY1 +S ,\W1\ ™* a1 +*,Sj S V*V\ ˜1 ,`1Y1 V\U1–`\,1™1j d jV\WS Y\31 \a–\a\+S˜S 4* ˜*U –\a*\HW1™1c* –S˜*[* ˜S Y\—d –\Y\cS ™* –`\,1`Sj ™*WS S™1j d –`*,\Y aY1`dB

\U1 ad Y\U1 ™\+`1 \a\+SZ1 S a–\a\+Z\a˜SH L�`SY1`*`*™SE ™* WS a1 ™\+`\ aW*31j a ™`d—SY*H ˙* WS ,\WSj™* `*™Sj a,\USY `dV*Y*E ™* S4`*0dU1j SWS –\–`*,X*ja˜,*`SH ˙* WS dY1j ™\+`\ ™* *Z*WS4S`*j S `1j*,*j–`\+W1Y1HM

ı..................................................................................................

� V\USY +S –\aW\,SY* Y\U1 a–\a\+Z\a˜S Y\—W1 ™\cS ™\S4`*3*U*H

..................................................................................................

*V,1 ad Y\—dcZ\a˜S 4* 4*–\aW1[1 d V`*Ud —™1 3S,SYH

..................................................................................................

\US c1 Y1 –`1™Y1˜S V\U1 a*™* SY*Y \a–\a\+S˜S ™* U1™Z\—™*Z* Z*01Y –\a*\H

..................................................................................................

\U1 Y\—dcZ\a˜S YS jV\W* –`d3* V*V\ +Sf W*Vj1 \a˜,*O`S\ a,\U1 gSX1,1H

..................................................................................................

�1 4*+\`*,S ™* U1 ˜,\U gSX ™* ™\+SU1j ™S–W\Yd a V\U\Yc1j ad˜`* Y\cS ™* Z*01j –\a*\D ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U ScS d ™`d—dV`*UZ\a˜ S –\a˜*˜S t,1hS˜S a˜d™1Z˜rP V\US Z1 +S ™* tS4*O01 S4 ,\4*r U1` 31WS ™* S4+1—Z1 \™—\,\`Z\a˜S V\U1 Z\aS\™`*aW\ ™\+*D�

� �Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 7<D –\—W*,XdD

Y\US gSX1,S

t�*dhSW* a*Y ™* Sa˜`*U*,*Y S ™* +d™1Y 1Y\gS\OZ*WZ\ U*h*D �*V\01 a*Y af,*˜SW* ™* \™ Y1Z1 4*,SOaS ™* WS cd d3S,*˜S d \Z\Y j˜\ `*™SYD � jV\WSa˜Sh1Y ,1j˜SZ1 –\˜`1+Z1 4* Y\U +d™dcS –\a*\ ™SO4*UZ1`*r L*f1W*MDt�*™* 4Z*Y ™* Y\—d ™* \a˜,*`SY a,\U1 gSX1,1 *V\

™*Y a,1 \™ a1+1D �a`1™[\U jV\WS SY*Y –`*V˜ShZdZ*a˜*,d V\U* YS –\Y*31 ™* a1 ™\+`\ \+dhSY 4* `*™Z* j˜*Y–*`aVSY Y*jSZ*Y*r L \`01MDt˛*˜\ j˜\ ZSa*Y \™da˜*\E Z*dhS\ a*Y ™\+`\ ™*

hS˜*Y S –Sj1YD �jV\WS a*Y Z*dhS\ ™* –`Sf,*˜*YV`S˜SVd S ™* a1 U*aZ\ S W\—ShZ\ S4`*3*,*YE * ˜\

’’ �1 Y\31j –\+1cS \™ –`\+W1Y*D"V\W* ˜1 dhS ™* +`*ZSj a,\U1 a˜*,\,1E* ˜\ c1 ˜S –\aW1 –\Y\cS S Z* `*™Z\YY1a˜d S +SW\ —™1 ™`d—™1‘‘ L�*Y\Z*M

�V\ SY*Y –`\+W1Y a Z1VSY –`1™Y1˜\YE Z1cdZ*–da˜S˜S jV\WdE ,1c cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�V\ 4+\— –`1Y\`* –\31WSY ™* Z*–da˜SY jV\WdE–`1™d41cd aW1™1c1 V\`*V1 ™* ˜\ Z1 d`*™SY

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

YS U1 –\˜`1+Z\ d Y\U\U f`Sjc*ZaV\U aWd3+Sr L*OU*ZMDt"V\W* Y1 dhS ™* `1j*,*Y –`\+W1Y1E V*V\ d

dhS\ZSgS ˜*V\ S +SW\ —™1 ™`d—™1D �*V\01 4Z*Y V*V\™* a1 –\a˜*,SY V*™* SaV`aZd `*4WShS˜S –`\+W1YSd jV\WSE Y10dXd™aVSY \™Z\aSY* SWS Z* ™`d—SY–\™`dhUSY*D �\ YS 4*Sa˜* –\Y*31 ™* +d™1Y 4`1WSOU*r L�SZ™SMDt"V\W* Y1 –`S–`1Y* 4* S4*4\,1 Z* `*™Z\Y Y1O

a˜dD � [\U a*Y a1 ˜*V\01 Z*jW* d +`\UZSY aS˜d*gSOU*Y* V*™* a*Y Y\`*W* ™* Sa–S˜*Y `*4W\—1 4* a,\U*,1`\,*[*D ˛*˜\ Y\—d `1cS ™* YS jV\W* –\Y*31 ™*a1 dh,`a˜SY d ,1`Sr L\d4MD�d™`S V`*X �\W\Y\Z U1 Z*–Sa*\B t�\XS U1 V`*U

a˜,*`S Z1—\ –\h1˜*VD �\XS U1 \Z*U V\ U1 a˜`–XS,Z1—\ \Z*U V\ U1 \f\Wr L�`\–\,1™ZSV ;B<MD ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U\™da˜*˜SE ,1c a˜`–XS,\ `1j*,*U –`\+W1Y1 Z* V\U1Z*SW*4Sj ˜\V\Y jV\W\,*[*D �SZ1cS ˜\E d,S™1Oc1j ™* c1 S d ˜,\Y aWdh*Ud V`*U +S˜S +\XS Z1—\ j˜\aS \h1VS,*\D

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� "˜* dhSZS˜S *V\ U1 U1™*Z \™`*4W\—* 4*j˜\ Y`4SjjV\Wd ˜,\U Z*a˜*,ZSVH


˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* 4Z*j ™\+`\ ™* hS˜*jE –Sj1jS `*hdZ*jH

˘ *V\ ˜S V`*˜V\`\hZS gSX1,S ,14*ZS 4* dh1[1–\Y*3d ™* Z*U+\X1 SaV\`Sa˜Sj a,\U1jV\W\,*[1H

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* SY*j Z1Vd –`1™a˜*,d \ a,\Y4*–\aW1[d Z*V\Z 4*,`j1˜V* jV\W\,*[*H

"� � �˚��H

�� ˚�˚Y\31Y\ +S`*˜SE *WS Z*a˜*,ZSV1 d—W*,OZ\Y Z1 Y\31Y\D �\3™* ad ˜S a,S �D�D �a*YZ*1a˜\—\O™Sj[S ˙*,S™ V*31B t�SV*™* ZSa*Y SY*\ –`\+W1Y*ZS a* U1™ZSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YD * a*Y Sf –\j˜\,*\ S \ZSad Y1 ,\W1WSDr� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E Y\3™* ˜S U1 ™\+`\ –\4Z*˜\ \Z\ j˜\

55O—\™Sj[* �*`* V*31 \ a,\U\U Z*a˜*,ZSgSD t�Z* U1–`*,* 4W\c*D �\–j˜1 U1 Z1 `*4dY1YD �WS Z*Y ZSj˜*Z1 \+U*aZSE SWS U1 –`1\–jS`Z*Dr ˙* +S Z*j*\ 4*U1™O

20

"˜* *V\ SY*Y –`\+W1Ya Z1VSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YH�*,1™S a,\— \YSX1Z\— Z*a˜*,ZSV*D ı ....................

˛*j˜\ —* ,\WSjH.............................................................

�*,1™S Z*a˜*,ZSV* a V\USY˜S U1 Z*U˜131 S4*cS Z* V`*UD .......................................

142 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

ZShVS U14SV a* a,\USY Z*a˜*,ZSV\Y –`,\ ˜`1+* ™*d˜,`™Sj j˜* U1 V\ZV`1˜Z\ –`\+W1YD �*™* \˜V`SU1jd V\Y —`Yd W13S 41gE a–`1Y*Z aS ™* a1 df,*˜Sj d V\Oj˜*g a –`\+W1Y\YD �˜*,S 4Z*V � –\`1™ \Z\— j˜\ ˜Sa˜,*`* –`\+W1Y SWS ™\–SjS a,\U `*4W\—DıO �1jV\ YS U1 ™* aV*–S`*Y Z1V\— Z*a˜*,ZSV*D

O �SaWSY ™* 4*aWd3dU1Y +\X1 \g1Z1DO �1VS 0*gS SY*Ud –`\˜1VgSUdDO �*3[1Z a*Y ,Sj1 Z1—\j˜\ 4*aWd3dU1YDO �a1c*Y ™* a*Y3`˜,* ™SaV`SYSZ*gSU1DO ˙`d—\ ................................................................................

"˜* Y\31 –\Y\cSH �`,S V\`*V U1 ™* –`SY1ZSja*,1˜ *–\a˜\W* �1˜`*D �Z U1 Z*–Sa*\B t�d™S˜1 a,SaW\3ZSf YSaWSE a*\a1c*UZSr L5D �1˜`\,* 7B<MD �*V\Y\31j +S˜S a*\a1c*U*Z –`1Y* Z1V\Y t4W\Yr Z*a˜*,OZSVdH �aY\˜`S Z1V1 hS[1ZSg1 \ –`\a,1˜ZSY `*™ZSOgSY* V\U1 ˜S Y\—d –\Y\cSD�*a˜*,ZSgS ZSad Z1–\—`1jS,SD � \ZS SY*Ud a,\O

U1 t+d+1r S –`\+W1Y1E –* h*V S –`1™`*ad™1D t�V\ Z1V\d `1hSY* Z1 —`1jSE \Z U1 a*,`j1Z h\,1VE a–\a\+*Z ™*4*d4™* S g1W\ ˜1W\r L *V\,X1,* 7B6MD *W1`SU*E V\U*SY* 5= —\™SZ*E V*31B t�\U* Y*˜1Y*˜Sh*`V* ZSU1 +*j+SW* a˜`–XS,* S h1a˜\ U1 ,SV*W* Z* Z*aD ˛*˜\ Z*Y U1+SW\ ˜1jV\ ™* U1 –\j˜dU1Y\Dr ˛+\— h1—* U1 +SW* ˜*V,*Ht� `*4`1™d U1 d,1V +SW* Z1V* e`V*rE V*31 *W1`SU*EtU1` ad dh1ZSgS –`*,SWS f*\a a*Y\ ™* +S U1 U\j ,Sj1S4+*gSWS S4 ˜*V˜*Dr�S—d`Z\ ˜S U1 ™`*—\ V*™* Z1VS Z*a˜*,ZSV –`101

–`1V\ ˜,\USf —`1j*V* S –`\–da˜*E –\a1+Z\ V*™* ZSaSd e\`YSD ˙* WS S ˜S Y\31j dhSZS˜S Sa˜\ 4* a,\—Z*a˜*,ZSV*H �*–SjS \,™1 U1™*Z Z1™*,ZS ™\—*0*U d

= t�,1E ™*VW1E j˜\ 31WS˜1 ™* Xd™ShSZ1 ,*Y*E hSZS˜1 S ,S [SY*r

L�*˜1U ;B56M˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

"˜* *V\ SY*Y –`\+W1Y a Z1VSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YH 143

jV\WS S j˜* U1 –\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[d Sa–`\,\gS`*W\[1—\,d `1*VgSUdD

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�*a˜*,ZSgS SY*Ud YSX1ZSV1D ˛*YSaWS S4*4\,a V\USY a1 ad\h*,*Ud ˜,\US Z*a˜*,ZSgSB �\WSV\ 0*V*S4 ˜,\— \™1X1[* 31WS ™* +d™1 Z* h*adH �\WSV\ \ZSfV\US ˜\ 31W1 Y\—d ™* a1 V\Zg1Z˜`Sjd Z* U1™*Z –`1™OY1˜ +*`1Y –\W* a*˜*H �\WSV\ 0*V* U1™,* h1V* ™* Z*Z*a˜*,ZSV1 Sa˜`1a1 a,\U1 e`da˜`*gSU1 S Z14*™\,\XOa˜,\H � a*™* 4*YSaWS ™* SY*j –\a*\ ™* –\dh*,*j 6>E7> –* h*V S ,Sj1 ˜,\USf ,`j[*V* S ™* U1 `1h \ Z1h1Yj˜\ a*Y\ Z1V\WSV\ [Sf 31WS hd˜SD ˛*` Z1 +S ,Sj1–*3[1 –\VW\ZS\ \ZSY* V\US –`*˜1 \Z\ j˜\ —\,\`SjH�a˜SZS 4* ,\XdE Z1j˜\ j˜\ S4—W1™* V*\ hSa˜* –`\O

˜1VgSU* 4*Sa˜* Y\31 4*+\W1˜SD � U1™Z\Y a,\Y Z*a˜*,OZSVdE �*˜*j* U1 `1VW*B t�Z U1 \™`10S,*\ `\V V*™* aY\Y\`*WS 4*,`jS˜S 4*™*˜V1E *WS U1 d,1V —W1™*\ V`\4–`a˜1 hW*Z\,SY* U1™Z\— a–\`˜aV\— ˜SY* S ZSV\Y,Sj1D �* a*™ ˜\ V*\ Z1Y* ,141 j˜\ U1 \Z +S\ –\Y\cOZS ˜`1Z1` ˜\— ˜SY*Dr �V\ a1 Z1j˜\ aWShZ\ ™1j*,*S V\™ ˜1+1E `*4YSaWS ™* WS ˜S U1 Z1j˜\ daV`*c1Z\V*™* U1 `1h \ Z*a˜*,SD �V\ ZSU1E 4*j˜\ +S a1 \Z™*

d4Z1YS`*,*\ S +S\ Xd+\Y\O`*Z Z* ™`d—1H�*–SjS j˜* +S U\j Y\—*\

d`*™S˜S ™* +S a,\Y Z*a˜*,OZSVd U\j U*aZSU1 –\V*4*\ ™*˜1 4*ZSY* [1—\, –`1™Y1˜D

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................

�*a˜*,ZSgS Z1 `*4dY1Uddh1ZSV1D �\Z1V*™ adV\+WShZ\a˜S SWS Z1a–\`*4dY

144 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�,\US Z*a˜*,ZSgS ad,1`\,*˜Z\ ™1a1˜SZ1–* S a˜\˜SZ1 –d˜*\™`3*WS Sa˜S h*a d™`d—SY `*4`1™SY*D˛*˜\ SY U1 Y\3™* ˜1OjV\ ™* a,\U1 h*a\,1S4Z\a1 a \™dj1,X1O[1Y V\U1 ad SY*WSd –\h1˜VdD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

™\,1™1 ™\ ˜\—* ™* Z*a˜*,OZSV SY* –SV Z* ˜1+1D �\Oa˜*,X*[1 –S˜*[* Y\31 a1˜dY*hS˜S V*\ +dZ˜\,ZSj˜O,\E * Z1V* –`\,*W* V*\ 4Z*VZ1–\j˜\,*[* SWS Wd™\a˜SD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S *V\

aS –\—`1jZ\ af,*c1ZH �SO+WSU* V*31B t�SV\Y1 Z1,`*c*U˜1 4W\ 4* 4W\DD D �V\ U1Y\—dc1E V\WSV\ \™ ,*a 4*,SaSE +d™S˜1 d YS`d a* a,SYXd™SY*r LSYX*ZSY* 56B5;E 5<MD ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U ™* ˜1O`*j SZ*˜ Z*a˜*,ZSVd a V\USY SY*j –`\+W1YD �4+1O—*,*U +1a–\˜`1+Z1 adV\+1D �1Y\U Yd ™*˜S \–`*,™*Z1`*4W\—1 4* –`S˜d3+1D � a˜,*`SE –\Vdj*U ™* +d™1j–`SU*˜*ZD G�`SU*˜*ZH �`1Y* [1YdHFE –S˜*j a1D �*V\U1E d,1V a1 a –\j˜\,*[1Y \+`*c*U Z*a˜*,ZSVd V*™* —*a`1˜Z1jD �V\ aS a˜*WZ\ –`SU*˜*ZE h*V a1 S a ,`1Y1OZ* Z* ,`1Y1 Z*aY1jSjE ˜\ —* Y\31 Z*,1a˜S ™* –`\OY1ZS YSjX1[1 \ ˜1+S LSYX*ZSY* 56B6>E 65MD�* –`SY1`E �1Z U1 SY*\

Z*a˜*,ZSV1 V\US ad —* h1Oa˜\ –\—`1jZ\ –`\g1[SO,*WSD t * a*Y U*V\ a˜SO™XS,rE V*31 \ZE tS ZSV*™*ZSa*Y `*4—\,*`*\ a* a,\OUSY Z*a˜*,ZSgSY*Dr "˜*a1 ™1aSW\ d [1—\,\Y aWdOh*UdH t�f,*˜S\ a*Y ™* add Z*U,1c1Y +`\Ud aWdh*U1O,* Z*a˜*,ZSgS +SWS ˜d ™*YS –\Y\—ZdD ˛*˜\ a*Y a1+S–\a˜*,S\ gSX ™* a,1 a,\U1

�*a˜*,ZSgS ad –\–d˜ V*Y1[* V\U1 ˜S–\Y*31 ™* –`101j –d˜ \™ Z14Z*[* ™\4Z*[*E *WS ˜S Y\`*j ™* –`101j ˜*U –d˜

"˜* *V\ SY*Y –`\+W1Y a Z1VSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YH 145

�V\ ˜S U1 Z1VSZ*a˜*,ZSV ™\a*™*ZEdaY1`S –*3[d Z*[1—\, –`1™Y1˜E* Z1 Z* [1—*D ˛*–SadU\Z\ j˜\ –`1™*U1 S+d™S 4*SZ˜1`1a\,*Z4* [1—\, –`1™Y1˜D�*V*, a˜*, U1 4*`*4*ZD

�˚� ��

Z*a˜*,ZSV1 +\X1 d–\4Z*YD �*™* a*Y ˜\ da–1\E d ,1WSOV\U Y1`S a*Y –\–`*,S\ \g1Z1Dr�*`*,Z\E W1–SY Y*ZS`SY* S `1hSY* Z1c1j d,1V

–`S™\+S˜S Z*a˜*,ZSV1D �WS +d™S a˜`–XS,D �`*X�\W\Y\Z U1 Z*–Sa*\B t�˜`–X1[1 S +W*— —\,\` Y\—dd˜Sg*˜S Z* ,W*™*`* �Z*a˜*,ZSV*� S a*,W*™*˜S a,*OVS –`\+W1Yr L�\aW\,Sg1 69B59E Contemporary EnglishVersionMD �a˜*ZS aYS`1Z S +W*— V*™* Z1VS Z*a˜*,ZSV–`1Y* ˜1+S ZSU1 e1`D �\3™* c1 –`\Y1ZS˜S YSjX1O[1 \ ˜1+S L�\aW\,Sg1 59B5MD�V\ ˜1 Z1VS Z*a˜*,ZSV –\—`1jZ\ af,*˜S SWS ZSU1

e1` –`1Y* ˜1+SE V*V\ \+ShZ\ `1*—dU1jH

ı..................................................................................................

"˜* +S +SW\ +\X1 ™* d`*™SjH

..................................................................................................

�1j*,*[1 V\ZV`1˜ZSf aS˜d*gSU**4dY1˜S Y\—dcZ\a˜S Z*a˜*,ZSV ˆ

a a*Y\ U1 –\h1˜*VD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* +S `1jS\ Z1Vd V\ZV`1˜OZd aS˜d*gSUdH �* –`SY1`E j˜* Y\31j d`*™S˜S *V\SY*j aW1™1c1 –`S˜d3+1H˛*aWd3dU1Y +\X1 \g1Z1D t�,1V a*Y SY*W* –1˜Sg1rE

V*31 �*˜*`SZ*D t�WS U1™Z1 —\™SZ1E Z*a˜*,ZSV +S\W\O—SU1 ™*\ YS U1 U1™SZSgdE S*V\ a*Y 4*aWd3SW* YZ\O—\ +\Xd \g1ZdD ˛*˜\ ad Y\US `\™S˜1XS `*4—\,*`*WSa ™S`1V˜\`\YD �WS ™\+SW* a*Y a*Y\ ™,\UVdE ˜*V\ ™*YS U1 S ™*X1 +SW\ U*V\ V`S,\Dr �V\ S ˜S SY*j aWSOh*Z –`\+W1YE Z1Y\U Z*a˜*,ZSV* 4*ad˜S –*X+\Y \adO™*D �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E d—W1™*U a1 Z* �*˜*Z* S4 �S+WSU1D �ZU1 SY*\ ˜13*V 4*™*˜*V ™* V`*Xd ˙*,S™d dV*31 Z* [1O

’’ ˙\V a*Y SjW* djV\WdE ,1\Y* a*Y a1˜`d™SW* ™* +d™1Y d ™\+`SY \™Z\aSY* a*a,SY Z*a˜*,ZSgSY*D �\j d,1V SY 4Z*YSY1Z* S V*™* Sf a`1˜Z1Y Z* dWSgS V`*˜V\–\–`Sh*Y a [SY*‘‘ L�*`Y1ZM

146 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

—\, \4+SX*Z –`\–da˜D �WS �*˜*Z ZSU1 dW1˜1\ d V`*OX1,d –*W*˜d 4*aS–*UdcS —* \–˜d3+*Y*E ,1c Yd U1 ˜*VO˜ShZ\ –`Sj*\ L6D �*YdSW\,* 56B5O;MD�WShZ\ ˜\Y1E Y\3™* S ˜S Y\31j Xd+*4Z\ S aYS`1O

Z\ –`ScS a,\Y Z*a˜*,ZSVdD �V\ S4—d+Sj —W*,d SWS —*\–˜d3Sj ™* U1 Z1a˜`dh*Z SWS Z1j˜\ U\j —\`1E ˜1jV\™* c1j —* –`S™\+S˜SD �`\+*U 4`1WSUS –`Sa˜d–D ˛*Y\OWS —* ™* ˜S \+U*aZS —™1 aS –\—`1jS\ S V*V\ a1 Y\31j–\+\Xj*˜SE * 4*˜SY aWdj*UD t�\ \™—\,*`* –`1 Z1—\j˜\ a*aWdj*rE Z*–Sa*\ U1 �\W\Y\ZE t˜\ Yd U1 Wd™\a˜ Sa`*Y\˜*r L�\aW\,Sg1 5<B57MD �*V S *V\ \g1Z* \a˜*Z1Sa˜*E ˜,\U 4`1\ Z*a˜d– aS—d`Z\ c1 a1 ™\–*a˜S ˜,\Y Z*Oa˜*,ZSVdD�SaWSY ™* Z*a˜*,ZSV SY* –`1™`*ad™1 –`1Y*

Y1ZSD �\—W1™*U j˜* a1 ™1aSW\ *f1WSD �Z* U1 d a,1™\Oh*Za˜,d SY*W* a,1 –1˜Sg1 S h1˜,\`V1D � \Z™* ad a1 d;D `*4`1™d a˜,*`S –`\Y1ZSW1D t 1™*Z Y\U Z*a˜*,ZSVU1 a,1 hSZS\ a*Y\ ™* +Sf U* –*W* —\™SZdrE V*31 *f1OW*D ˛*j˜\ U1 ˜\ `*™S\H �*a˜*,ZSV U1 U*aZ\ a˜*,S\ ™\4Z*[* S *f1WS S [1Z\U Y*UgS ™* Yd a1 Z1 ™\–*™* [SOf\,* `1WS—SU*D

˙* +S YS Z1VS ™\a*™*Z h*a +S\ 4*ZSYXS,SUSEU* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�V\ YSaWSY ™* Z1VS Z*a˜*,ZSV ZSU1 e1`–`1Y* Y1ZSE U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

"˜* a1 4*˜SY ™1aSW\H *f1W* V*31B t�,*VS –d˜ V*O™* U1 +SW\ \hS—W1™Z\ ™* YS U1 Z*a˜*,ZSV 4+\— –`1™`*Oad™* ™*\ W\jSUd\g1ZdE Y*Y* +S a* YZ\Y ™\jW*djV\OWd S –\`*4—\,*`*W* a [SYD � ,`1Y1Z\Y U1 –`1a˜*\™* Y1 —[*,SDr �V\WSV\ S ˜S SY*j aWSh*Z –`\+W1YE\+`*˜S a1 `\™S˜1XSY* 4* –\Y\cD �ZS c1 aS—d`Z\ 31OW1˜S ™* `*4—\,*`*Ud a Z*a˜*,ZSV\Y S Y\3™* a* jV\WOaVSY \™+\`\Y V*V\ +S a1 `1jS\ ˜*U –`\+W1YD

�W1™*U ™d—\`\hZ\�\`* a1 –`S4Z*˜S ™* Z1V1 aS˜d*gSU1 Z1 ˜1Vd

—W*˜V\D �\Z1V*™ U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Y\`*j S4™`3*˜SD t 1O™*Z Z*a˜*,ZSV U1 +S\ —`\4*Z –`1Y* 0*gSY*rE V*31�*[*D t�1a˜\ Z*a U1 ,`10*\ S —\,\`S\ ™* aY\ —Wd–SD�a–`,* a*Y –W*V*W* 4+\— ˜\—*E *WS a*Y Z*dhSW* ™*[1—\,1 d,`1™1 Z1 af,*˜*Y WShZ\D �a`1™a`1™SW* a*Ya1 Z*jV\WaV1 4*™*˜V1 S –`*˜SW*[1—\,1 h*a\,1D ˛+\—˜\—* Y1 ZSU1 YZ\—\ —[*,S\ S U* a*Y +SW* Y10d `1˜VSOY* V\US ad SY*WS a\WS™Z1 \g1Z1 S4 [1—\,\— –`1™Y1O˜*D �\aW1 ™,1 —\™SZ1E ˜*U Z*a˜*,ZSV U1 ™\+S\ \˜V*4Dr�*dhS V*V\ ™* S4*01j Z* V`*U a V\Y–WSV\,*ZSY

Z*a˜*,ZSV\Y S a˜1cS c1j ,*3Zd 3S,\˜Zd ,1j˜SZdV\U* c1 ˜S ™\+`\ ™\cS *V\ ad˜`* +d™1j SY*\ Z14—\™OZ\— j1e*D �*V\01 c1j Z*dhS˜S ™* U\j ,Sj1 g1ZSj™\+`1 Z*a˜*,ZSV1D

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� SZS ˜S a1 ™* U1 ™*Z–`1V`*˜*VH �*4Z*U V*V\ ,`1Y1 Y\31 +S˜S Z*˜,\U\U a˜`*ZSD

148 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* a1 da`1™a`1™Sj Z* –`1™Y1˜1E* Z1 Z* Z*a˜*,ZSV1H

˘ *V\ ˜,\U a˜*, –`1Y* –`1™Y1˜SY* Y\31 d˜Sg*˜SZ* a˜*, ˜,\USf Z*a˜*,ZSV* –`1Y* ˜1+SH

"� � �˚��H

�\UaSU1 U1 SY*\ YZ\—1 –\—\™Z\a˜S d 3S,\˜dD �™`*Oa˜*\ U1 Z* e*`*\Z\,\Y ™,\`d S +S\ U1 –\dh1Z a,\U1—S–*˜aV\U Yd™`\a˜S L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* ;B66MD �*V\ U1SaV\`Sa˜S\ a,\U1 \+`*4\,*[1H �\—*\ U1 a˜1cS aW*,dE+\—*˜a˜,\ S Y\cD �10d˜SYE \Z ZSU1 –\™W1—*\ –`S˜SOaVd ™`d—Sf ZS˜S U1 ™\–da˜S\ ™* —* ,\™S a1+ShZ* *YO+SgSU*D �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E \Z U1 S4*+`*\ 3S,\˜ZS –\4S,V\US U1 Z1adY[S,\ YZ\—1 S4Z1Z*™S\D �4*+`*\ U1 ™*t+d™1 4W\a˜*,X*Z 4*U1™Z\ a �\3USY Z*`\™\Yr L 1,`1OUSY* 55B69MD ˙* WS U1 Z*–`*,S\ –\—`1j*Z S4+\`H �1D˛*˜\ j˜\ U1 S4*+`*\ ™* aWd3S �\—d S –\Y*31 [1—\O,\Y Z*`\™dE \Z U1 SY*\ d4+d™XS, S Sa–d[1Z 3S,\˜D�V\WSV\ S ˜S SY*j –`SWSVd ™* a˜1VZ1j –\˜`1+Z\

a`1™[\jV\WaV\ \+`*4\,*[1E j˜* c1j dhSZS˜Sa [SYH �\—*\ +S \™WdhS˜S ™* Ud`Sj 4* Z\,g1Y SaW*,\YD �WS +S –\–d˜ �\UaSU* Y\—*\ d 3S,\˜d `*™SO˜S Z1j˜\ j˜\ SY* ™d+XS aYSa*\D �\—*\ +S a,\UdaZ*—d S ˜*W1Z˜1 V\`Sa˜S˜S ™* +S aWd3S\ �\—d S a,\OUSY +WS3[SY* L�*˜1U 66B79O8>MD �1 –\a˜\US W1–jS3S,\˜ZS –d˜I

�˛�� ˚˙��"�

�\UaSU1

˚�˚ U1 –\–d˜ Z1\+d4™*Z\— V\[*P ™* +S `*™SW\ 4* ˜1+1E Y\`*j ™*Z*dhSj ™* —* V\Z˜`\WSj1jD �*™*Z*dhSj ™* ,W*™*j [SY1E aS—d`OZ\ c1j aY*[S˜S a˜`1aE –\+\Xj*˜S \g1Z1 S 4*™\+Sc1j,1c1 –\,1`1[1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X*D t˛,dhS ad–1`rE Y\3™*V*31jE t*WS W*Vj1 U1 `1cS Z1—\ d`*™S˜SIr �a˜SZ*E Y\O3™* Z1c1 ScS +*j ˜*V\ —W*˜V\D �WS U1 S–*V Y\—dc1D�aY\˜`SY\ Z1V\WSV\ a˜,*`SD

5D –`\+W1YB Z*–`*,S˜S –W*Z"˜* Y\31 +S˜S –`1–`1V*D�\3™* ˜1 —djS ,1c S a*Y*

–\YSa*\ Z* –W*ZS`*[1D \WSj ™* +d™1j a–\Z˜*ZE * Z1,14*Z Z1VSY –W*Z\YD˛*j˜\ S–*V Z*–`*,S˜S –W*ZH �`*X �\W\Y\Z U1 Z*O

–Sa*\B t˛*YSaWS Y*`XS,\— h\,1V* aS—d`Z\ ™\Z\a1

21

�*V\™* ™\+`\

\`—*ZS4dU1Ya,\U1 ,`1Y1H

�\WSV\ +S a*˜S ,\W1\™* SY*j d ™*ZdH

ı ...................................˛* j˜* +S V\`Sa˜S\

˜1 ™\™*˜Z1 a*˜1HO �4W*aV1 a –`SU*˜1XSY*O �–*,*[1O h1[1N–`\dh*,*[1O ˙`d—\ ...........................

150 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

V\`Sa˜r L�\aW\,Sg1 65B9MD �\W\Y\Z U1 SY*\ –dZ\ \™—\O,\`Z\a˜SD �S\ U1 ad–`d—E \˜*g S V`*XD � —\™SZ*Y* U1 ,1O`\,*˜Z\ SY*\ a,1 ,Sj1 \+*,14*D �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E S ˜S aS,1c a*™* –dZ\ 4*d41˜D �*V\ —\™SZ1 \™YShdE SY*c1j a,1,Sj1 \+*,14*D "˜\ –`1 Z*dhSj ™* a1 ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dOU1jE ˜\ +\X1I"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t�`1 \V\ j1a˜ Y1a1gSE –\O

h1\ a*Y ™* `1™\,Z\ –W*ZS`*Yj˜* ˜`1+* ™* d`*™SYD˝1OW1\ a*Y ™* \W*Vj*Y a1+S 3S,\˜ S S4—W1™* ™* U1 ˜*V,\–W*ZS`*[1 +SW\ –dZ –\—\™*VIr L \`01MDt�\™a1˜ZSgS YS –\Y*3d ™* a1 –`S™`3*,*Y a,\— –W*O

Z*D �*™* SY*Y –`1,Sj1 \+*,14*E Y*Y* S U* 4*–Sj1Y\V*V\ Y\31Y\ U1™Z* ™`d—\U S4*cS d ada`1˜ S a,1 4*,`jSO˜Sr L�SWSg*MD"˜* c1 ˜S –\Y\cSD �\aY*˜`*U ˜\ Z* aW1™1cS Z*hSZB

˛*YSaWS ™* V`1c1j Z* –d˜ V\WSY* S ™* a,*VS hW*Z –\O`\™Sg1 +14 SV*V,\— `1™* d+*gdU1 ˜\`+1 d –`˜X*3ZSVD�4—W1™* ™* Z1c1 +S˜S ™\,\XZ\ Y1a˜* 4* a,1 a˜,*`SD"˜*Y\31j ™* d`*™SjH �\—*\ +S ™* Sf S4,*™Sj S –\hZ1jSa–\h1˜V*E ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j Z*U–`1 a˜*,S˜S ,1WSV1 V\e1O`1 S ˜\`+1E * \Z™* Y*[1 d –`\a˜\` V\US \a˜*Z1D�a˜\ U1 S a* 3S,\˜\YD �V\ –`,\ Z*01j –`\a˜\`* 4* \Z\

j˜\ U1 ,*3ZSU1E 4*hd™Sc1j a1 V\WSV\ c1j ,`1Y1Z* SY*O˜S 4* ™`d—1 *V˜S,Z\a˜SI L�SWS–X*ZSY* 5B5>MD �WS *V\–`,\ d`*™Sj Y*W1 a˜,*`SE \Z™* `S4SVdU1j ™* Z1c1ja˜ScS ™* d`*™Sj V`d–ZSU1D�\U1 ad Z*U,*3ZSU1 *V˜S,Z\a˜S V\U1 ˜`1+* ™* \+*,SjH

ı ................................................ ................................................

................................................ ................................................

................................................ ................................................

�*™* –\—W1™*U a–Sa*VE \™`1™S V\USY a˜,*`SY* ˜`1+*™*˜S –`S\`S˜1˜ S \4Z*hS Sf –\ `1™\aW1™d ,*3Z\a˜SD�V\ –`,\ d`*™Sj \Z\ j˜\ U1 ,*3ZSU1E ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j

= G�`\ad™S˜1 j˜* U1 Z*U,*3ZSU1FLSWS–X*ZSY* 5B5>M˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dU1Y a,\U1 ,`1Y1H 151

a1 S4Z1Z*™S˜S V\WSV\ c1j ,`1Y1Z* SY*˜S 4* Z1j˜\™`d—\D"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD �*+*,S i1–ZS –W*Z1` S –\

,*3Z\a˜S d–SjS a˜,*`S V\U1 ˜`1+* ™* \+*,SjD �aSY–W*Z1`* Y\3™* +S Y\—*\ ™* V\`Sa˜Sj S Z1j˜\ \™ \,™1Z*,1™1Z\—D

O �*W1Z™*` d Y\+SWZ\Y O �*WS Z\˜1aO �*W1Z™*` d V\Y–Ud˜1`d O ˛S™ZS SWS a˜\ZS V*W1Z™*`

6D –`\+W1YB –`S™`3*,*˜S a1 –W*Z*"˜* Y\31 +S˜S –`1–`1V*D �*V\Z jV\W1 31WSj ™* a1

Y*W\ \–da˜Sj S —W1™*j ˜1W1,S4SUd a*Y\ Z1V\WSV\ YSOZd˜*D �WS Z*Y1`*,*j ™* dhSjE *WS \Z™* ™\+SU1j ��–\`dVd ™* S4*01j Z1—™1 a ™`dj˜,\YD �ZS ˜1 Z1c1 h1V*O˜S S 4*˜\ `*4YSjX*j ™* \™W\3Sj dh1[1 4* V*aZSU1d,1h1D G�aSY ˜\—*FE V*31j a1+SE GhSZS YS a1 ™* +\X1dhSY –\™ –`S˜SaV\YDF˛*j˜\ a1 S–*V –`S™`3*,*˜S –W*Z*H �Y*c1j +\X1

\g1Z1 *V\ dhSj V*™* aS \™Y\`*Z S +\X1 V\Zg1Z˜`Sa*ZD�\,`f a,1—*E 4*` ,1c ZSaS ™\,\XZ\ –\™ –`S˜SaV\YH ˛*Oj˜\ +S U\j ,Sj1 \˜13*,*\ aS˜d*gSUd ˜SY1j˜\ Z* +`4SOZd –`1W*4Sj —`*™S,\ V*aZ\ Z\cdH "˜* c1 +S˜S dUd˜`dH�\—*\ +S ™* a1 da–*,*jE ™* +d™1j –\™ ,1WSVSY a˜`1a\YE˜`hSj S4 Vdc1 S Y\3™* 4*V*aZSj d jV\Wd L�\aW\,Sg1:B5>E 55MD"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t\WSY ™* —W1™*Y ˜1W1,SO

4SUdE a,S`*Y —S˜*`d S ™`d3SY a1 a –`SU*˜1XSY*D �SOj˜* \™ ˜\—* ZSU1 –\—`1jZ\E*WS –\Z1V*™ 4+\— ˜\—* ,*O3ZSU1 a˜,*`S Y\`*Y ™* d`*O™SY Z* +`4SZdr L \,*ZMD"˜* c1 ˜S –\Y\cSD �1Y\U

a*Y\ –W*ZS`*˜S a˜,*`S V\U1Y\`*j ™* d`*™Sj ,1c SaO–W*ZS`*U S \Z\j˜\ ,\WSj ™*`*™SjD t�*Vj1 YS U1 ™* –`,\d`*™SY \Z\ j˜\ Y\`*YE V*™4Z*Y ™* –\aW1 Y\—d ™* d3SO,*Y d \Z\Y j˜\ ,\WSYrE

152 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�V\ d U1™*Z ™*Z Z*˜`O–*j –`1,Sj1 a˜,*`SV\U1 31WSj ™* –\a˜S—OZ1jE +Sc1j –\™ a˜`1Oa\YD �V\WSV\ –\a˜*,Sj–`S\`S˜1˜1E \Z™* c1j4Z*˜S j˜* Y\`*j 4*,`OjS˜S ˜\— ™*Z*E * j˜*Y\31j S Z1V\— ™`d—\—D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

V*31 \,*ZD \j U1™Z* S™1OU*B V*™* 31WSj ™* \a˜,*`SjZ1VS ,1cS gSXE –\a˜*,S a1+SS Y*W1 gSX1,1 V*V\ +S –`*O˜S\ ™\VW1 aS a˜S—*\D"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD

�*,1™S U1™*Z SWS ™,* `1*WZ*gSX* V\U* +S Y\—*\ \a˜,*`SO˜S d Z*`1™ZSf j1a˜ Y1a1gSD

ı ...................................................

...................................................

�\US `1*W*Z gSX +S Y\—*\ –\a˜*,S˜S 4* Z*`1™Z1 ™,1—\™SZ1 S j˜* ,1c a*™* ˜`1+* ™* `*™Sj ™* +S —* \a˜,*O`S\H�

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

7D –`\+W1YB+S˜S d`1™*Z"˜* Y\31 +S˜S –`1–`1O

V*D �\3™* Z1 d,S0*j V*V\˜S d`1™Z\a˜ Y\31 –\Y\cS ™*+\X1 V\`Sa˜Sj a,\U1 ,`1Y1D�\`1™ ˜\—*E YZ\—\ U1 W*Vj1+S˜S Z1d`1™*ZD �\+d Y\31ja–`1YS˜S S ad˜`* P SWS Z1Y\`*j d\–j˜1I �1+S Z1 aY1˜*

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d 7=D –\—W*,Xd \,\—˜\Y*D

�`1Y1 U1 –\–d˜ Z1\+d4™*Z\— V\[*P ™* +S `*™SW\ 4* ˜1+1E Y\`*jZ*dhS˜S ™* —* V\Z˜`\WSj1j

�*V\ ™* ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dU1Y a,\U1 ,`1Y1H 153

�1Y\U –\Vdj*,*˜S ™*\™U1™Z\Y –`SY1ZSja,1 –`1™W\—1 V\US adS4Z1a1ZS d \,\Y –\O—W*,XdD �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*Ed Z*`1™ZSf Y1a1g ™*Z*–`\+*U ™* –`SY1ZSja*Y\ U1™*ZD *™*da–1j d ˜\Y1E S4*+1`SaW1™1cS Z* V\Y c1j`*™S˜SD

�˚� ��

f*\aE –* 4*j˜\ \Z™* \™ ˜\—* –`*,S˜S –`\+W1YH �WSE ™*WS U1 +*j ˜*V\H˛*j˜\ S–*V +S˜S d`1™*ZH �V\ U1 a,1 \V\ ˜1+1 d`1™Z\

S Z* a,\Y Y1a˜dE dj˜1™1c1j ,`1Y1 V\U1 +S d˜`\jS\ ˜`*O31cS 4*—d+X1Z1 a˜,*`SD �aSY ˜\—*E –\j˜1™1c1j a1+1Z1`,\41 L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 58B8>MD"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t�\Z1V*™ Z1 a˜S—Z1Y ™*

aW\3SY \™1cd –* d ˜\Y f*\ad 4*—d+SY a˜,*`S V\U1 ad YS–\˜`1+Z1Ir L�*`SU*MDt�1™1Xd ™*Z* ZSa*Y Y\—*\ ™* –`\Z*01Y Z\,h*ZSV S

a˜,*`Z\ a*Y a1 Z1`,S`*\ 4+\— ˜\—*D �\Z*hZ\ a*Y —* –`\OZ*j*\ ™\V a*Y a–`1Y*\ a\+dr L�SWS–MD"˜* ˜S Y\31 –\Y\cSD �\˜`d™S a1 ™* a,*Vd a˜,*` j˜\

–`1 ,`*˜Sj Z* a,\U1 Y1a˜\D �SZS ˜\ `1™\,Z\ S ˜*V\ Z1Oc1j a˜,\`S˜S f*\aD"˜* Y\31j ™* d`*™SjD�1V* ˜S d`1™Z\a˜ –`101 d Z*O

,SVdD ˙`3S a,1 Z* a,\Y Y1a˜d S d,1`Sc1j a1 ™* c1 ˜S ˜\\W*Vj*˜S 3S,\˜D

’’ �Wdh*UZ\ a*Y hd\ U1™Zdj*Wd Z* Y\U `*hdZD�1VWS ad ™* \Z*U V\ 31WS ™* a1 Z*01Y\Z1—™1 d h1˜S`S ˜`1+* ™* YS V*31 ™* ™\01Yd ˜`SD �*™* a*Y af,*˜S\ ™* Y\`*Y +\X1 ™*\`—*ZS4dU1Y a,\U1 ,`1Y1‘‘ L�\+1`˜M

�Z\ h1Yd Y\—d –\a,1˜S˜S Y*[1 ,`1Y1Z* U1

..........................................................................................................................

`1Y1 V\U1 Z* ˜\Y1 dj˜1™SY –\˜`\jScd Z*

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

`1Y1 U1 Z1j˜\ j˜\ ˜SE ˜,\US ,`j[*gS S ˜,\US `\™SO˜1XSSY*˜1 d Sa˜\U Y1`SD �V\ —* ˜`*cSjE ˜\ c1 ˜S a1 \+SO˜S \ —W*,dD �V\ —* Yd™`\ \`—*ZS4dU1jE SY*c1j ,1WSV1V\`Sa˜SD �4+\` U1 Z* ˜1+SD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ad ˜,\US `\™S˜1XSSYS—`*Z˜SH ˙* WS \a1c*j V*V\ a1 Z1 dVW*–*j ZSd jV\WS ZS V\™ Vdc1H �*dhS ™* a,\U1 \V\WZ\a˜S–`1˜,\`Sj d –`1™Z\a˜D

�*V\ ™* ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dU1Y a,\U1 ,`1Y1H 155

—W1™*[d˜1W1,S4SU1 ı ................

S—`*[d S—`Sg* ................V\`Sjc1[dSZ˜1`Z1˜* ................

aWdj*[d Yd4SV1 ................

�Vd–Z\ ................

\WSV\ a*˜S\™ \,\— ,`1Y1Z*Y\—d S4™,\US˜S 4*,*3ZSU1 a˜,*`SH ................

Z* j˜* YS \™W*4S ,`1Y1H�*–SjS V\WSV\ a*˜S a,*V1a1™YSg1 –`\,\™Sj d

˘ *V\ c1 ˜S ˜\ j˜\ Z*dhSj ™* ™\+`\ \`—*ZS4dU1j,`1Y1 –\Y\cS V*™ a1 U1™Z\Y \a*Y\a˜*WSjH

˘ "˜* \ ™\+`\Y –W*ZS`*[d ,`1Y1Z* Y\31j ™*Z*dhSj \™ a,\USf `\™S˜1X*H

˘ �V\WSV\ ,1c SY*j Z1VS a,\U –W*ZE j˜* Y\31jdhSZS˜S ™* +S \Z +S\ U\j 1eSV*aZSUSH

"� � �˚��H

� ˜\Vd a1™YSg1E YW*™SS4Y10d < S 5< —\™SZ*a,\U1 a*˜1 d –`\a1Vd–`\,\™1 Z* aW1™1cS Z*hSZB

44 —W1™*UdcS ��ES—`*UdcS S—`Sg1Ej*XdcS –\`dV1 SaWdj*UdcS Yd4SVd

30d jV\WS

17a* a,\USY `\™S˜1XSY*

22

"˜* ™* `*™SY*V\ a*Y `*a˜`4*Z

S4Y10d ™,1 VdW˜d`1H

˙* WS ad˜,\US Y*UV*SWS \˜*g

SYS—`*Z˜SH

ıO ˙* O �1

˙* WS ad U14SV SWSVdW˜d`* d ˜,\U\UjV\WS ™`d—*hSUS

\™ U14SV* S VdW˜d`1d ˜,\Y ™\YdH

O ˙* O �1

��˙� ad ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS SYS—`S`*WSE ad\hSWS ad a1a YZ\—SY –`\+W1YSY*D �™U1™Z\Y ad a1 ada`1WS a XdO™SY* hSUS ad SY U14SVE VdW˜d`* S \™1,*[1 +SWS a˜`*OZSD �\31 a1 `1cS ™* ad j˜`h*WSD ˛+\— ˜\—* ad a1 ™`dO—S –`1Y* [SY* Y\3™* \–f\™SWS a Z1–\j˜\,*[1Y S–`1™`*ad™*Y*D˙* WS a1 ˜\ ™1j*,* S ˜1+SH ˙\W1 ad Z*,1™1Z1 Z1V1

a˜,*`S a V\USY* ad a1 ad\hSWS ™`d—S YW*™S d Sa˜\U aSO˜d*gSUSD �˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™ \Z\—* j˜\ ˜1+S Z*U˜1O31 –*™*D

O �aY1,*[1D �d` U1 +SW* Y*W* V*™* a1 a* a,\U\Y –\O`\™Sg\Y –`1a1WSW* S4 \`™*Z* d �1,1`Zd �Y1`SVdDt�*j* \™1c* U1 +SW* ™`d—*hSU* S 4*˜\ ad 4+SU*WS j*W1a Z*Y*rE V*31 \Z*D t� Z*Y* U1 +S\ –\˜–dZ\ a˜`*Z *Y1O`ShVS fdY\`Dr

O `S4* S™1Z˜S˜1˜*D t\01Z* a*Y d �1Y*hV\UrEV*31 ™1,\UV* –\ SY1Zd �*0*D t�d™dcS ™* ad Y\US `\™SO˜1XS �˜*WSU*ZSE —\,\`SY Z1Y*hVS a *Vg1Z˜\YD ˛*˜\Y1 ™1g* d jV\WS Z*4S,*Ud G—Wd–SY a˜`*Zg1YFD �WS V*™\™1Y d �˜*WSUdE —\,\`SY S˜*WSU*ZaVS a Z1Y*hVSY *VOg1Z˜\YD �a1c*Y ™* Z1 –`S–*™*Y ZS—™1D �™1 —\™ ™*\™1YE a,d™* a*Y a˜`*Z*gDr

t�S aY\ �˜*WSU*ZSE * \ZS ad –\4Z*˜S –\˜1Y–1`*Y1Z˜Z\Y S4`*3*,*[d \a1c*[*D�*™* 3S,SY\ d 1WSV\U �`S˜*ZSUSD �d™S ad\,™1 ad4™`3*ZS S \™Y1`1ZSD �a1c*Y ™* Z1–`S–*™*Y ZSU1™Z\U VdW˜d`S P ad,Sj1 a*Y�˜*WSU*Z ™* +Sf +S\ ˚Z—W14 S ad,Sj1 a*Y˚Z—W14 ™* +Sf +S\ �˜*WSU*Zr L�\4d1E ˚Z—W1aV*Mt jV\WS YS U1 Z*a˜*,ZSV —\,\`S\ ™* —*—W1™*Y ™\V YS a1 \+`*c*D �10d˜SYE V*™* +SfV\™ Vdc1 —W1™*\ a,\— \g* ™\V YS —\,\`SE \Z +SYS `1V*\ ™* a*Y Z1–`Sa˜\U*ZD ˛*˜\ a*Y +S\`*a˜`4*Z S4Y10d ™,1 VdW˜d`1r L�*˜`SVE `\01Zd �`*ZgdaV\U *WS *W3S`aV\— –\`1VW*M

"˜* ™* `*™SY *V\ a*Y `*a˜`4*Z S4Y10d ™,1 VdW˜d`1H 157

O dW˜d`ZS U*4 d –\`\™SgSD �Z* U1 SY*W* \a*Y —\O™SZ* V*™ a1 a –\`\™Sg\Y ™\a1WSW* d ˚Z—W1aVdD t�\U+`*˜ S U* aY\ a1 —\˜\,\ *d˜\Y*˜aVS –`SW*—\™SWS 3SO,\˜d d �\Z™\ZdrE V*31 \Z*D t�WSE Y\USY `\™S˜1XSY*˜\ ZSU1 +SW\ W*V\ U1` ad ™d—\ 3S,1WS Z* Y*W\Y –\`˜dO—*WaV\Y \a˜`,d �*™1`*Dr\Z U1 SY*W* ˜`S —\™SZ1 V*™ ad a1 [1ZS `\™S˜1XS

–`1a1WSWS S4 �*Y+\i1 d �da˜`*WSUdD t�\US `\™S˜1XSa1 ZSad +*j Z*U+\X1 dVW\–SWSrE V*31 \Z*D t� a˜,*`SEY\U \˜*g +S h1a˜\ +S\ d4Z1YS`1Z S Xd˜ V*™* U* ZSa*Y`*4dY1W* [1—\, a˜*, S Z*hSZ `*4YSjX*[*Dr

O �14ShV* +*`SU1`* d –\`\™SgSD �U*Z U1 SY*\\a*Y —\™SZ* V*™* a1 [1—\,* –\`\™Sg* –`1a1WSW* S4˚V,*™\`* d�dU\`VD �*V\Zj1a˜ —\™SZ* d �Y1`SgSE \ZV*31B t�*™* ,Sj1 V\`Sa˜SY 1Z—W1aVS * Y*[1 j–*ZOaVSD �jV\WS Z*a˜*,ZSgS —\,\`1 1Z—W1aVSE Y\US –`SOU*˜1XS —\,\`1 1Z—W1aVSE * S a* +`*˜\Y –`Sh*Y 1Z—W1O

aVSD ˚Z—W1aVS U1 –\a˜*\ ™1\Y1Z1E ˜*V\ ™* j–*ZaVS —\O˜\,\ S Z1 V\`Sa˜SYDr�SE V\U* U1 `\01Z* d �da˜O

`*WSUS *WS ad U\U `\™S˜1XS–\`1VW\Y S4 �*Y+\i1 V*31Bt�*™* `*4—\,*`*Y a `\™S˜1OXSY* S 31WSY ™* SY ™d+X1\+U*aZSY j˜* YSaWSY \ Z1O

VSY a˜,*`SY*E af,*˜SY ™* U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 4Z*Y ™\+`\[Sf\, Y*˜1`[S U14SVDr*ZSU1 gS˜S`*Z* �d` V*31B t�\U \˜*g U1 SZaSa˜S`*\

™* V\™ Vdc1 —\,\`SY\ *`*–aVSE *WS YS ˜\ ZSaY\ 31OW1WSD �h1[1 *`*–aV\— +S\ Z*Y U1 ™\™*˜*Z ˜1`1˜D �*jS–`SU*˜1XS —\,\`SWS ad 1Z—W1aVSD �`\—`*YS Z* ˜1W1O,S4SUS +SWS ad Z* 1Z—W1aV\YD ˛*j˜\ Z*Y \Z™* d\–j˜1˜`1+* *`*–aVSHr

"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SH�*\ j˜\ —\`1 –\Y1Zd˜S V\Y1Z˜*`S –\V*4dUdE ˜S

ZSaS U1™SZS V\US a1 ad\h*,* a ˜*V,SY S4*4\,SY*D �\O

158 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�V\WSV\ 4Z*j ,Sj1\™ U1™Z\— U14SV*ESY*j ,Sj1j*ZaS4* 4*–\aW1[1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

3™* +SY\—*\ –\Vdj*˜S ™*d –\˜–dZ\a˜S dVW\ZSj a,*OVS ˜`*— a,\— VdW˜d`Z\— Z*aW10* S a˜\–Sj a1 a Z\,\Ya`1™SZ\YD �10d˜SYE ˜\ +S a*Y\ Y\—W\ –\,`1™S˜S ˜,\OU1 `\™S˜1X1E * ˜1+1 S4Z1`,S`*˜SD ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S Z*dhS\™* a1 Z* –`*,S Z*hSZ S4+\`Sj a* a,\USY S4*4\,SY*S ™* Z*U+\X1 SaV\`Sa˜Sj a,\U1 \V\WZ\a˜SH �aY\˜`SZ1V\WSV\ –`1™W\—*B�˜*, –`1Y* SaY1,*[dD "˜* —\™ ™* `*™SjE ZSV*™*

Z1c1j SY*˜S Z*VW\Z\a˜ a,Sf Xd™SD �ZS V\US ,\W1 ™*a1 aY1Ud Z* ˜d0 `*hdZE d,1V c1 Z*cS Z1VS –\,\™ 4* ˜\L�\aW\,Sg1 5<B68MD ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U ˜`\jS˜S `1hS ™* +S–\Vdj*\ Sa–`*,S˜S [Sf\,* —W1™Sj˜* –dZ* –`1™`*Oad™*D t�ZS V\US a1 aY1Ud ™`d—SY* Z1 ,\W1 Sa–`*,V1rE–`SY1˜S\ U1 Yd™`S V`*X �\W\Y\Z L�\aW\,Sg1 59B56EContemporary English VersionMD �`1™`*ad™1 a*Y\ \˜V`SO,*Ud \—`*ZSh1Z\ `*4YSjX*[1 \Z\—* V\ Sf SY*E * Z1Z*,\™Z1 Y*Z1 3`˜*,*D�4+\`S˜S a1 a V`S4\Y S™1Z˜S˜1˜*D �*a,SY U1 Z\`O

Y*WZ\ SY*˜S 31Xd 4* –`S–*™Z\jcd Z1V\U —`d–SE V*\j˜\ ad –\`\™Sg* SWS Z1V* VdW˜d`Z* 4*U1™ZSg*D �WS–\—`1jZ\ U1 YSaWS˜S ™* U1 ˜,\U* ,`1™Z\a˜ \™`101Z*˜SY1 S4 V\U1 –\`\™Sg1 SWSVdW˜d`1 –\˜Sh1jD �d™S ˜1Y\3™* Y\—d ˜*V\ –`\g1[SO,*˜SE *WS Z1 S �\—D t�\— ZSU1–`Sa˜`*ZrE `1V*\ U1 *–\a˜\W�1˜*`E tZ1—\ S4 a,*V\— Z*O`\™* –`Sf,*˜* \Z\— V\ —* a1+\US S hSZS j˜\ U1 –`*,1™OZ\r L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 5>B78E79MD �V\WSV\ ™*U1j a,1 \™a1+1 ™* +S d—\™S\ 1f\,S�\—dE \Z c1 ˜1 aY*˜`*˜S

= t�\— ZSU1 –`Sa˜`*ZrL˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 5>B78M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

"˜* ™* `*™SY *V\ a*Y `*a˜`4*Z S4Y10d ™,1 VdW˜d`1H 159

�V\WSV\ ˜1 ,`j[*gS–`\4S,*Ud 4+\— ˜,\—1˜ZShV\— –\`1VW*E4*™`3S aYSa*\ 4* fdOY\`D �*V\ c1j W*Vj1–\™Z1˜S [Sf\,\ `dO—*[1D � ,`1Y1Z\Y c1,1`\,*˜Z\ –`1a˜*˜S™* ˜1 ™S`*UdD

�˚� ��

™1W\Y a,\U1 –\`\™Sg1 L�a*SU* 87B5>C �*`V\ 5>B6=E 7>MD�\XS S™1Z˜S˜1˜ \™ ˜\—* Z1 Y\31 a1 SY*˜SI�`1Y\a˜S˜S VdW˜d`ZS U*4 d –\`\™SgSD �\˜\,\ ™* d

a,*V\U –\`\™SgS ™\W*4S ™\ `*4WSV1 d YSjX1[d S4Y1O0d `\™S˜1X* S ™1g1D �* `*4WSV* c1 Y\3™* d ˜,\Y aWdOh*Ud +S˜S ,1c* U1` `\™S˜1XS 31W1 ™* 3S,1 d aVW*™d a*\+Sh*USY* S4 a,\U1 ™\Y\,SZ1E * ˜S31WSj ™* a1 –`SW*O—\™Sj \+Sh*USY* a,\U1 Z\,1 a`1™SZ1D �10d˜SYE dV\OWSV\ 31WSj ™* ˜S d 3S,\˜d +d™1 ™\+`\E Y\`*c1j G–\Oj˜\,*˜S \g* S Y*UVdF L˚e1j*ZSY* :B6E 7MD�Y1a˜\ ™* a1 +dZSj –`\˜S, \+Sh*U* a,\USf `\™S˜1O

X* 4*˜\ j˜\ ˜1 —dj1E –\Vdj*U ™* `*4*+1`1j 4*j˜\ Sf˜,\US `\™S˜1XS –\j˜dUd L�\aW\,Sg1 6B5>E 55MD �\a˜*O,S a1+S aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B G˙* WS ad ˜S \+Sh*US d adO–`\˜Z\a˜S a +S+WSUaVSY Z*h1WSY*H �V\ ZSadE j˜* YSa1 ˜\ –\a1+Z\ Z1 ™\–*™* d ,14S a[SY*H �*V\ Y\—d a –\Oj˜\,*[1Y `*4—\,*`*˜S a `\™S˜1XSY* \ ˜\Y1HF L˙1W**–\a˜\WaV* 9B6=MD �*`*,Z\E +Sc1 ˜S YZ\—\ W*Vj1 ™*–\j˜dU1j a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1E ™* `*4dY1j[Sf\,\ `*4YSOjX*[1 S S4`*4Sj a,\U* \a1c*[* dV\WSV\ ™\+`\ –\O4Z*U1j [Sf\, Y*˜1`[S U14SVD�*,W*™*˜S U14ShVd +*`SU1`d d –\`\™SgSD �1V1 –\O

`\™Sg1 ad –`SY1˜SW1 ™* *V\ a1 d VdcS SaVXdhS,\ —\O,\`S Y*˜1`[S U14SVE ™1g* c1 ™\+`\ Z*dhS˜S S Y*˜1`O[S U14SV S U14SV 41YX1 d V\U\U 3S,1D ˛*j˜\ ˜\ Z1 +S–\Vdj*\ d a,\U\U –\`\™SgSH �*V\01 Y\31j 4*Y\WS˜S`\™S˜1X1 ™* ˜S –\Y\—Zd ™* Z*dhSj –Sa*˜S Y*˜1`[SU14SVD �˜1WSaE V\US U1 \™`*a˜*\ d �1Y*hV\UE *WS hSUS U1Y*˜1`[S U14SV —`hVSE V*31B t�\US `\™S˜1XS ad a,*VS™*Z `*4Y*˜`*WS U1™*Z +S+WSUaVS a˜Sf a* YZ\YD �ZS+S —* hS˜*WS Z*—W*a * U* +Sf —* 4*–SaS,*\D �*™* 4Z*Y™* hS˜*Y S –Sj1Y S Z* —`hV\Y S Z* Z1Y*hV\YDr

’’ �`1c*Z a*Yj˜\ Y\—d ™* –\Y*31Y™`d—SY*D �\—d ™* –`1Z\aSY+S+WSUaVd Sa˜SZd Xd™SY* V\US —\,\`1`daVSE e`*ZgdaVS S Y\W™*,aVS‘‘ L�W1—M

160 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\U1 ad U\j Z1V1 V\`Sa˜S \™ \,*V,\— –`Sa˜d–*Ht�*dhS\ a*Y Y*˜1`[S U14SV a,\USf `\™S˜1X* U1` a*Y31W1\ ™* +d™1Y +WS3S a [SY* d 1Y\gS\Z*WZ\Y S –\Oa1+Z\ d ™df\,Z\Y –\—W1™drE V*31 `*ZSU1 gS˜S`*ZS \O4d1D t�h1[1 [Sf\,\— U14SV* –\Y\—W\ YS U1 ™* `*4dY1YV*V\ a1 \ZS \a1c*UdD � S \ZS ad Y\—WS Y1Z1 ™* `*4dY1OUdDr

�\a˜E * Z1 U*4˙* WS c1j Z* a,\U1 –\`1VW\ —W1™*˜S V*\ Z* U*4 V\US

˜1 \™,*U* \™ ™`d—Sf SWS V*\ Z* Y\a˜ V\US ˜1 –\,14dOU1 a [SY*H �Z\—S YW*™S f`Sjc*ZS ad af,*˜SWS ™*SY*Ud ™\™*˜*Z `*4W\— ™* –`1Y\a˜1 VdW˜d`ZS U*4D �ZS31W1 ™* S ™`d—SY SYS—`*Z˜SY* –`1Z\a1 ™\+`d ,1a˜ \�\3U1Y �`*X1,a˜,d L�*˜1U 68B58C 6<B5=E 6>MD t˙`*—\YS U1 j˜\ +S+WSUaVd Sa˜SZd Y\—d –`1Z\aS˜S Z* ™,*

�\ j˜\ –\4Z*U1j ,Sj1\™ U1™Z1 VdW˜d`1 Y\31+S˜S –\–d˜ Y\a˜* V\US˜1 –\,14dU1 a ™`d—SY*

˙* +Sf +\X1 4Z*\ U14SV a,\USf `\™S˜1X*EU* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

U14SV*IrE V*31 �*W\Y*dE V\US a1 ™\a1WS\ d �\Z™\Z V*™*U1 SY*\ –1˜ —\™SZ*D t�Y*W\ ZSa*Y 4*+\`*,S\ a,\U Y*O˜1`[S U14SVE –\`˜d—*WaVSE *WS a*™* S™1Y d –\`˜d—*WOaVd aVd–j˜SZd S ˜1hZ\ —\,\`SY S 1Z—W1aVS S –\`˜dO—*WaVSDr*ZSU1 gS˜S`*Z* �d` U1 4*–*4SW* ™* –\a˜\US –\˜`1O

+* 4* –`\–\,1™*[1Y Z* *`*–aV\Y U14SVdD �Z* V*31Bt�*™* S™1Y Z* h*a\,1 *`*–aV\— S –\Vdj*,*Y ™* a1 a1O˜SY \Z\—* j˜\ a*Y 4*+\`*,SW*D �`\Y1ZSW* a*Y a˜*,D�*™* 31WSY ™* Sa–`*,Z\ —\,\`SY *`*–aVS S 31WSY™* —* dhSYDr˛*Sa˜*E *V\ ˜S Z1V* ™`d—* VdW˜d`* ZSU1 a˜`*Z* S

4Z*j ™,* SWS ,Sj1 U14SV*E ˜S aS a*Y\ d –`1™Z\a˜SD �\˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS ™* +\X1 `*4dY1j Xd™1 S ™* SY –\OY\—Z1j ™* a1 –`S+WS31 �\—d L�\aW\,Sg1 59B67MD �*–`SY1`E �`S˜S U1 SZ™SUaV\— –\`1VW* * `\01Z* U1 d ˚ZO—W1aV\UD �Z* V*31B t�\j˜\ –\4Z*U1Y \+1 VdW˜d`1E aSO—d`ZSU* a*Y d aWd3+SD *4dY1Y Z*hSZ 3S,\˜* S U1™OZSf S ™`d—Sf P [Sf\,* ,1`\,*[* S [Sf\,1 a˜*,\,1Dr�\31j WS S ˜S Z* a,\U1 \V\WZ\a˜S —W1™*˜S V*\ Z*

–`1™Z\a˜ * Z1 V*\ Z* Y*ZdH 1f\,* �\— ˜1 ,\WS ˜*V,\—V*V*, U1aSE * Z1 4+\— ˜\—* S4 V\U1 41YX1 SWS –\`\™Sg1–\˜Sh1jD �\–d˜ YW*™Sf V\US ad gS˜S`*ZS d \,\Y –\O—W*,XdE Y\31j WS a,\U1 4Z*[1 S SaVda˜,\ SaV\`Sa˜SO˜S ™* +S –\Y\—*\ Xd™SY* a,\— 1˜ZShV\— –\`1VW* ™*d–\4Z*Ud Z*j1— Z1–`Sa˜`*Z\— S ™S,Z\— �\—* 1f\,dH�\ c1 ˜1 4*Sa˜* da`1cS˜SI L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 6>B79MD

162 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ *V\ ˜S `*4dY1,*[1 1˜ZShV\— –\`1VW* ˜,\USf`\™S˜1X* –\Y*31 ™* +\X1 `*4dY1j a1+1H

˘ \U1 –`1™Z\a˜S SY*j d \™Z\ad Z* ™`d—1 YW*™1V\US ad \™`*aWS a*Y\ d U1™Z\U VdW˜d`SH

"� � �˚��H

�*–SjS V*V*, aS dh1ZSV S 4*j˜\ YSaWSj ™* U1 ˜*V\D

�*–SjS Z* V\U1 ˜S Z*hSZ1 jV\W* V\`Sa˜SD

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV3"�� ˙�

ı

163

4�˚ �E��

16

5�\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜

17

2�`1™+`*hZSa1Va

17

8�*a˜d`+*gSU*

18

3�1\+*,14*Za1Va

18

8�\YgS

19

5˙1,\UV1

20

3�`*,*Xd+*,

21

2�`*V

22

1�*aVS™

22

8�1Vad*WZ\4W\a˜*,X*[1

�� j˜\ –\V*4dU1 \,*U –`SY1`E Y*W\ ™\—*0*U* –`SO,dh1 ˜\WSVd Y1™SUaVd –*3[d V*\ V*™* –\4Z*˜1 WShOZ\a˜S Z*—\,1a˜1 SWS \˜,\`1Z\ –\V*3d ™* ad f\OY\a1Vad*WgS SWS +Sa1Vad*WgSD �1VS Sf d4™S3d 4+\—

23

�*V\ ™* \+U*aZSYj˜* �S+WSU* V*31 \f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SH

�* ™\™1WS Z*—`*™* Z*a˜*U1 –`*,\ Wd™SW\ V*™*a1 ™,1 –\4Z*˜1 —WdYSg1 –\4™`*,1 a˜`*a˜,1ZSY–\Xd–g1YI �W1™*\gS ad Z*U–`1 j\VS`*ZSE *4*˜SY a1 –`\W*Y* *–W*d4 d4 –\,SV1 \™\+`*,*[*D�\Y\a1Vad*WgS ˜\ Z*4S,*Ud ˜`SUdYe\YE *aV1–˜SgS Y1™SUaV\Y *˜`*VgSU\YD �*`1™ZSf™*Z* ˜1W1,S4SU* Z\ZOa˜\– 1YS˜dU1 aZSYV1 ˜\—–\Xd–g*E * YSWS\ZS Sf —W1™*Ud Z* SZ˜1`Z1˜dD

�*V\ ™* \+U*aZSY j˜* �S+WSU* V*31 \ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SH 165

f`*+`\a˜SE ™\V Sf ™`d—S \ad0dUd 4+\— `*4,`*˜Z\a˜SD˛* `*4WSVd \™ ˜* ™,* —W1™Sj˜*E YZ\—S aY*˜`*Ud ™*U1 f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜ a*Y\ *W˜1`Z*˜S,*Z Z*hSZ 3S,\O˜*D t˙\V a*Y +S\ d jV\WSrE V*31 65O—\™Sj[S ˙*OZSU1WE th*V S YW*™S V\US ad a˜`1U˜ aY*˜`*WS ad ™**V\ SY*j Z1j˜\ –`\˜S, f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜S 4*–`*,\SY*j –`1™`*ad™1 S –`1,Sj1 aS V`d˜Dr�W1™Sj˜1 \ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜S a1 `*4WSVdU1 \™ —1Z1O

`*gSU1 ™\ —1Z1`*gSU1 S \™ 41YX1 ™\ 41YX1D �WSE –`*O,S f`Sjc*ZS Z1 ™\4,\X*,*Ud ™* Sf GZ\aS ˜*Y\O*Y\a,*VS ,1˜*` dh1[*F L˚e1j*ZSY* 8B58MD �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E\ZS a1 ™`31 \Z\—* j˜\ �S+WSU* V*31D�*V\ �S+WSU* —W1™* Z* f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜H �V\WSV\

3S,Sj –\ +S+WSUaVSY Y\`*WZSY Y1`SWSY*E j˜* +SY\—*\ `1cS \ZSY* V\US ˜1 \–˜d31 ™* SY*j –`1™`*adO™1E ™* aS –`1,Sj1 V`d˜ SWS h*V f\Y\e\+Sh*ZE ˜\ U1a˜™* —*USj Y`3[d SWS aZ*3Zd Z1˜`–1XS,\a˜ –`1Y*f\Y\a1Vad*WgSY*H �\—W1™*U aW1™1c* –S˜*[* S S4U*O,1E V*\ S –`1™W\—1 j˜* Y\31j `1cSDt"˜* �S+WSU* V*31 \ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SHrt�4 �S+WSU1 a1 U*aZ\ ,S™S ™* U1 �\— \™`1™S\ ™* –\WO

Z1 \™Z\a1 SY*Ud a*Y\ YdjV*`*g S 31Z* S ˜\ a*Y\ d+`*Vd L�\a˜*Z*V 5B6;E 6<C �1,S˜aV* 5<B66C �\aW\,SOg1 9B5<E 5=MD �S+WSU* \ad0dU1 +Wd™E� j˜\ a1 \™Z\aS

Z* f\Y\a1Vad*WZ1E *WS S Z*Z1V1 f1˜1`\a1Vad*WZ1 –\Oa˜d–V1r L�*W*˜SY* 9B5=O65MDt"˜* YSaWSj \ f\Y\a1VO

ad*WZ\a˜SHrt�1 Y`4SY f\Y\a1Vad*WO

g1E *WS YS a1 Z1 a,S0* [SOf\, Z*hSZ 3S,\˜*Dr

� �4`*4 t+Wd™r a1 d �S+WSUS Z1\™Z\aS a*Y\ Z* –\WZS \™Z\a ,1cS Z* Z*™`*3S,*[1 –\WZSf \`—*OZ* ™`d—1 \a\+1E V*\ S Z* \`*WZS S*Z*WZS a1VaD

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 6<D �� 6D ��E 6<D ��

166 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�1VS f`Sjc*ZS S4–`,\— ,1V* Z1V*™* ad+SWS f\Y\a1Vad*WgSE*WS ad a1 –`\Y1ZSWSE\hSa˜SWS a,\U 3S,\˜S ˜*V\ –\a˜*WS hSa˜Sd �\3USY \hSY*L5D \`SZc*ZSY*:B=O55MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�1Y\U 4*+\`*,S˜SB �V\ 3S,Sj –\ +S+WSUaVSY Y\O`*WZSY Y1`SWSY*E ˜\ U1 ˜,\U S4+\` S Z* ˜\ SY*j –`*O,\ L�ada �*,SZ 68B59MD �1Y\U a1 a˜S™1˜S a,\— —W1™SOj˜* L�a*W*Y 55=B8:MDt˛*` f`Sjc*ZS Z1 ˜`1+* ™* a1 a –\j˜\,*[1Y \–O

f\™1 –`1Y* a,SY Xd™SY*E +14 \+4S`* Z* [Sf\,\a1Vad*WZ\ \–`1™1X1[1Hrt�–a\Wd˜Z\D �S+WSU* V*31B G�,*V\—* –\j˜dU˜1F

L5D �1˜`\,* 6B5;MD �`1Y* ˜\Y1E –`*,S f`Sjc*ZS Z1˜`1+* ™* +d™d f\Y\e\+ShZSD �ZS ˜`1+* ™* +d™d ™\+`S–`1Y* a,SY Xd™SY*E –* ˜*V\ S –`1Y* \ZSY* V\US adf\Y\a1Vad*WgSr L�*˜1U ;B56MDt˛*` ˜,\U1 —W1™Sj˜1 \ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜S Z1 `*O

a–S`dU1 –`1™`*ad™1Hrt�1E ZSV*V\D * Z1 \™+*gdU1Y f\Y\a1Vad*Wg1 V*\ XdO

™1E a*Y\ a1 Z1 aW*31Y a [Sf\,SY Z*hSZ\Y 3S,\˜*Dr�*V\01 +S Y\—*\ ™\™*˜SB t˚,\ U1™Z\— –`SY1`*B * Z1

–djSYD ˛*–`*,\E —`\4Z* YS U1 S a*Y* –\YSa*\ Z* ˜\D�WSE `1gSY\ ™* aS ˜S –dj*hS ™* `*4YSjX*j ™`d—*hSOU1D �\ j˜\ SY*Y\ `*4WShS˜*—W1™Sj˜*E Z1 4Z*hS ™* SY*OY\ –`1™`*ad™1 U1™*Z –`1Y*™`d—\YE 4*` Z1H �a˜S –`SZOgS– ,*3S S V*™* U1 `1h \`*4WShS˜\Y a˜*,d \ f\Y\Oa1Vad*WZ\a˜SDrt˛*` a1 �ada ZSU1 4*W*O

—*\ 4* ˜\W1`*ZgSUdH �V\U1a˜1E 4*` \Z™* Z1 ˜`1+* S

=t�aY`˜S˜1E ™*VW1E \Z\ j˜\ U1 41Y*XaV\d ,*jSY d™\,SY*B +Wd™E Z1hSa˜\cdE

–\WZd –\3d™dE 4Wd 31Xd S W*V\Ya˜,\EV\U1 U1 S™\W\–\VW\Za˜,\r L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B9M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙


�*V\ ˜1 Y\3™*–\a˜d–gS ™`d—Sfd4Z1YS`dUdE S4+1—*,*Ua*Y\–`*,Sh*Z ™dfD˛*–`*,\E \ZS SY*UdaW\+\™d ™* S4*+1`dj˜* c1 –`Sf,*˜S˜SP +*j V*\ S ˜SD

�˚� ��

�*V\ U1 +Sa1Vad*WZ\a˜ 4*a˜d–X1Z* V\™ \+* –\W*ES4—W1™* ™* –\a˜*U1 a,1 d\+Sh*U1ZSU* V\™ ™1,\U*V*D \™Z1VSf U1 d –S˜*[d `*™\4Z*W\a˜D Sa*E V\U* SY* 6: —\O™SZ*E V*31B t *™* a1 d eSWY\,SY*E Z* ˜1W1,S4SUS S d–1aY*Y* a–\YS[d SWS ,S™1 ™1,\UV1 V\U1 a1 Xd+1 a ™1O,\UV*Y*E ˜SZ1Ui1`S ad d SaVdj1[d ™* ˜\ Sa–`\+*UdP Z*`\hS˜\ V*™* YSaW1 ™* d ˜\Y1 Z1Y* ZSh1— W\Oj1—Dr

\™ Z1VSf U1 d –S˜*[d Sa˜SZaV* –`S,W*hZ\a˜D t�*U1™Z\U 3d`VS a*Y d–\4Z*W* ™,1 ™1,\UV1 V\U1 ad +Sa1VOad*WV1 S V*aZSU1 YS U1 U1™Z* ™`d—*`Sg* `1VW* ™* a*YSY a1 a,S™1W*D �\h1W* a*Y ™* `*4Y1[dU1Y –\`dV1a U1™Z\Y \™ [Sf S d Y1ZS ad a1 `*4,SW* Z1V* \a1c*[*–`1Y* [\UrE V*31 ˜`SZ*1a˜\—\™Sj[* �SVSD

˙* WS ad a1 S V\™ ˜1+1 Z1V*™* U*,SW* aWShZ* \a1Oc*[*H �Z\—S +S ˜S `1VWS ™* U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ –`Sf,*˜Sja,\U1 aVW\Z\a˜S S S4U*aZSj a1 V*\ +Sa1Vad*W*gD �10dO˜SYE Z1Y\U S4—d+S˜S S4 ,S™* ™* U1 ˜\ j˜\ ˜1 –`S,W*hSSa˜S –\W h1a˜\ a*Y\ –`\W*4Z* e*4*D ˙\ ˜\— 4*VXdhV*U1 ™\jW* S �SVSD � [\Y a1 aW*31 S 5:O—\™Sj[* SO41˜D �Z* V*31B t�dZ\ YS U1 –\Y\—W\ j˜\ a*Y a `\™SO˜1XSY* `*4—\,*`*W* \ a,\USY \a1c*[SY*D �*V\01 a*YZ* h*a\,SY* +S\W\—SU1 Z*dhSW* ™* ZS,\ f\`Y\Z* d –1O`S\™d *™\W1ag1ZgSU1 Y\31 4Z*˜Z\ ,*`S`*˜SD �˜,*`Z\YSaWSY ™* +S YW*™S ˜`1+*W\ ,Sj1 ™* 4Z*Ud \ a,\Y˜1Wd U1` +S ˜*™* `*4dY1WS ™* U1 –`S,W*hZ\a˜ –`1Y*Sa˜\Y –\Wd d—W*,Z\Y –`\W*4Z*E –* Z1 +S \a1c*WS ˜\OWSVS –`S˜Sa*V ™* –\a˜*Zd f\Y\a1Vad*WgSDr

�*V S *V\ \a1c*j ™* ˜\ ZSU1 a*Y\ V`*˜V\˜`*UZ*YW*™*W*hV* e*4* ,1c Y\3™* Z1j˜\ ™d+X1E �S+WSU*˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS ™* –\a˜d–*j Sa–`*,Z\ S S4+\`Sj a1a Z1Sa–`*,ZSY 31X*Y*E V*V,1 —\™ ™* ad \Z1D

j˜* `1cS \ +Sa1Vad*WZ\a˜SH

168 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

f`Sjc*ZS ™* +d™d ˜\W1`*Z˜ZS d –\—W1™d f\Y\a1VOad*WZ\a˜SHrt�ada ZSU1 –\™a˜Sg*\ a,\U1 aW1™+1ZSV1 ™* –`Sf,*O

˜1 a,*VS Z*hSZ 3S,\˜*D �Z Sf U1 –\dhS\ ™* a–*a1[1™\+SU* \Z*U V\ GSaV*4dU1 ,1`d d [1—*F L \,*Z 7B5:MD�aV*4S,*[1 ,1`1 d �ada* –\™`*4dY1,* S –\a˜d–*[1–\ �\3USY Y\`*WZSY 4*V\ZSY* V\US 4*+`*[dUd \™`1O01Z\ –\Z*j*[1 P dVXdhdUdcS S f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜rLSYX*ZSY* 5B6:E 6;MDt�\Y\a1Vad*WgS a1 Z1 Y\—d –`\Y1ZS˜SD �ZS ad

˜*V,S `\01ZSDrt�S+WSU* Z1 —\,\`S \ +S\W\jVSY V*`*V˜1`Sa˜SV*O

Y* f\Y\a1Vad*W*g*E –`1Y™* –`S4Z*U1 ™* ad Z1V1 Xd™OaV1 aVW\Z\a˜S ™d+\V\ dV\`1[1Z1 L6D �\`SZc*ZSY*5>B8E 9MD �WSE h*V S *V\ Z1V\—* –`S,W*h1 \a\+1 Sa˜\—–\W*E �S+WSU* V*31 f`Sjc*ZSY* ™* a1 VW\Z1 —1U Z*OhSZ* 3S,\˜*Dr�*,1˜B �1Y\U a1 d–WS˜*˜S d `*a–`*,d \ d4`\gSY*

f\Y\a1Vad*WZSf 31X*E ,1c Sa˜*VZS ™* �S+WSU* 4*O+`*[dU1 f\Y\a1Vad*W*Z Z*hSZ 3S,\˜*D �\31j V\`SOa˜S˜S aW1™1c1 –\`101[1B t�Z\—S ˜,`™1™* U1 d4`\V Z*aSWZ\— –\Z*j*[* d —1OZSY* S ™* 4+\— ˜\—* Z1V1 \a\+1 SY*OUd ,1cd aVW\Z\a˜ V* Z*aSXd L�\OaW\,Sg1 6=B66MD �14 \+4S`* ™* WS U1˜\ Sa˜SZ* SWS Z1E �S+WSU* \ad0dU1S4WS,1 —Z1,* L�a*W*Y 7;B<C ˚e1Oj*ZSY* 8B75MD ˙* WS +S \Z™* ˜\+S+WSUaV\ Y1`SW\ ˜`1+*W\ aY*O˜`*˜S Z1–`*,1™ZSY a*Y\ 4*˜\j˜\ ad Z1VS Xd™S aVW\ZS Z*OaSXdHr

*™* U1 `1h \ Z1V\Y–\–dW*`Z\Y —W1™Sj˜dEf`Sjc*ZS SY*Udf`*+`\a˜S ™* a1 ™`31a,\— a˜*,* d–`V\aYSjX1[d ,1cSZ1

t*V\ �\— Y\31 ˜`*3S˜S ™* a1 \a\+* V\Ud –`S,W*OhS Sa˜S –\W VW\ZS f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SH �\ U1 \V`d˜OZ\Drt�*V,\ `*4YSjX*[1 a1 ˜1Y1XS Z* –\—`1jZ\Y —W1O

™Sj˜d ™* a1 Xd™S Y\`*Ud ,\™S˜S –\WZSY Z*—\ZSY*D�S+WSU* d,*3*,* ™\a˜\U*Za˜,\ h\,1V* ˜*V\ j˜\ –\OV*4dU1 ™* a1 \Z Y\31 \™d–`1˜S a,\USY Z1–`SVW*™ZSYa1Vad*WZSY 31X*Y* dV\WSV\ ˜\ a˜,*`Z\ 31WSr L�\OW\j*ZSY* 7B9MDt�*V\ ZSaS —1UE ˜`1+* ™* –`\Y1ZSj a,\U1 —W1™SO

j˜1 \ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜SDr

’’ �1™*Z ™1hV\ S4 jV\W1 aY*˜`*\ U1 ™*a*Y —`\4Z* U1` Z1 –`Sf,*˜*Y[1—\, Z*hSZ3S,\˜*D WS V*™* a*Y Yd \+U*aZSW* ™* ˜\Z1Y* ,141 a [SY V*\ \a\+\Y S V*™* U1 af,*˜S\™* YS U1 \™+\UZ* Z1 a*Y\ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜,1c S a,*VS \+WSV Z1Y\`*W*E –\h1\ U1 ™*Y1 –\j˜dU1 S h*V ™* Y1 +`*ZS V*™ +S Y1™`d—S 4*™S`VS,*WS‘‘ LZ™`SU*Z*M

�V\ Z1V\ ˜,`™S ™* U1 \Z\ j˜\ �S+WSU* V*31\ f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜S 4*a˜*`1W\E `1cS cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

˙* +Sf U*aZ\ `*4—`*ZShS\ ™* ZSa*Y –`\˜S,f\Y\a1Vad*W*g*E ,1c –`\˜S, [Sf\,\— Z*hSZ*3S,\˜*E `1cS cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

t1gSY\ ™* U* Z1 ,\WSY V\gV*[1E * ˜S ,\WSjD ˙* WS+S +SW\ `*4dYZ\ ™* Y1 –`SY\`*,*j ™* –`\Y1ZSY a,\Ua˜*, a*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ a1 YSWS\ZS Xd™S V\gV*UdHr˛*™`3S Z* dYd ™* f\Y\a1Vad*WgSE V*\ S ,1cSZ*

Xd™SE –\j˜dUd Z1V1 V\™1Va1 –\Z*j*[* –\ V\USY*E Z*–`SY1`E \ad0dUd Z1–\j˜1[1E Z1–`*,™d S `*˜\,1D �SO+WSU* ˜\ ˜*V\01 \ad0dU1E *WS 4*+`*[dU1 S \™`101Z1,`a˜1 SZ˜SYZ\a˜SE dVXdhdUdcS S f\Y\a1Vad*WZ\a˜L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* :B=O55MD�S+WSU* Z1 –\a˜*,X* Z1`*4dYZ1 4*f˜1,1 ZS˜S `*O

a–S`dU1 –`1™`*ad™1D �*V\ a1 \™ \ZSf V\US SY*Ud f\Y\Oa1Vad*WZ1 31X1 Z1 \h1VdU1 ZSj˜* ,Sj1 Z1—\ \™ \a\O+* V\U1 –`S,W*hS ad–`\˜*Z –\WE Z*SY1E ™* G+131 \™+Wd™*F L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* :B5<MD�S[1ZSg* U1 ™* 4+\— +`\UZSf SaVdj1[* YSWS\ZS

f1˜1`\a1Vad*W*g* V\US 31W1 ™* 3S,1 –\ +S+WSUOaVSY Y1`SWSY* Y\`*Ud Sa–\X*,*˜S a*Y\a*,W*™*,*O[1D �10d [SY* ad S YZ\—S a*YgS a Y*WSY S4—W1™SY*4* +`*VE V*\ S \a\+1 hSUS +`*hZS ™`d— S4 Z1V\— `*4W\O—* Z1 Y\31 SY*˜S –\WZ1 \™Z\a1D �*V\ Z1 d™\,\X*,*OUd a,\USY –\WZSY 31X*Y*E \ZS ,\™1 a`1c*Z 3S,\˜D�a˜\ Y\—d S \ZS V\US SY*Ud f\Y\a1Vad*WZ1 aVW\Z\Oa˜SE dV\WSV\ SaV`1Z\ 31W1 ™* d—\™1 �\—d L�\Z\,X1OZS 4*V\ZS 7>B5=MD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 1V1 gd`1 YSaW1 ™* c1 a1Va–`\™d+S˜S [Sf\, \™Z\a a ™1hV\YD �*Y*Z –\aW*I�*4Z*U 4*j˜\ ˜\ ZSU1 ˜*V\D


˘ ˛*j˜\ �\— SY* –`*,\ ™* Xd™SY* –\a˜*,X*Y\`*WZ1 4*V\Z1H

˘ \U1 ™\+`\ –`\Sa˜Sh1 S4 ˜\—* j˜\ a1 ™`3Sj+S+WSUaVSf 4*V\Z* \ Y\`*WdH

"� � �˚��H

24

˙* WS c1 a1Va\U*h*˜S Z*jd ,14dH�1™1` a1 ,S0* a �*UVW\Y ˜1V ™,* Y1a1g*E *WSSY* \a1c*U V*\ ™* a1 \™d,1V 4Z*UdD �1–`1a˜*Z\`*4Y1[dUd –\`dVSg1 S a*˜SY* `*4—\,*`*Ud˜1W1e\Z\YD �\WSV\ a1 ™\+`\ `*4dY1Ud ™* h*VU1™Z\ ™`d—\Y ™\,`j*,*Ud `1h1ZSg1I WS a*™*E™\V \+*aU*ZS Y1a1hSZ\Y a1™1 d –*`VS`*Z\Y*d˜dE �*UVW 31WS ,Sj1 \™ `*4—\,\`*D�\V\Y –`\˜1VW* ™,* Y1a1g*E �*UVW S �1™1` ada1 a*Y\ ™`3*WS 4* `dV1 S –\Z1V*™ –\Xd+SWSD�1™1` Z1 31WS ,Sj1 \™ ˜\—*E *WS Z1 31WS ZS ™*S4—d+S �*UVW*D �\`1™ [1—* a1 \a1c* ˜*V\ W1–\YS –\a1+Z\YD G�aSY ˜\—*FE `*4YSjX* \Z*E G�*UVWS U* a1 ,\WSY\DDDF

172 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˚�� Y\31j ™* –`1˜–\a˜*,Sj ™\ h1—* +S \,*aS˜d*gSU* Y\—W* ™\,1a˜SD� �WS Y\3™* Z1 d,S0*j V\OWSV\ +S –\WZS \™Z\a Y\—*\ ™`*a˜ShZ\ d˜Sg*˜S Z* [SOf\,d ,14d P S ˜\ Z1 Z* –\4S˜S,*Z Z*hSZD *4YSaWSY*W\ \ aW1™1c1YB�V\ S—Z\`Sj1j eS4ShV1 4*V\Z1 V*\ j˜\ U1 4*V\Z

—`*,S˜*gSU1E \a1˜Sc1j –\aW1™Sg1D �a˜\ ,*3S S *V\ Z1–\j˜dU1j Y\`*WZ1 4*V\Z1 –\–d˜ \,\—B G�4™`3*,*U˜1 a1\™ +Wd™*F L5D �\Wd[*ZSY* 8B7MD �\U1 ad –\aW1™Sg1 Z1–\OaWdjZ\a˜S ˜\Y 4*V\ZdH �S+WSU* V*31B t�\ hSZS +Wd™E

—`1jS a,\Y ˜1Wdr L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* :B5<MD

� �\,\Y –\—W*,XdE hS˜*\gd a1 \+`*Oc*Y\ d 31ZaV\Y `\™dE Y*™* a1 SZO

e\`Y*gSU1 \™Z\a1 Z* \+* –\W*D

� V\Y aYSaWdH �\Vdj*U ™* a1 a1˜Sj ˜`S W\j1 a˜,*`SV\U1 Y\—d SaVdaS˜S \ZS V\US a1 d–da˜1 d –`1™+`*hZ1 \™OZ\a1D5D ı .........................................................................................

6D .............................................................................................

7D .............................................................................................

�*™* –\—W1™*Uj˜* aS 4*–Sa*W*D ˙* WS aS Z*,1W* –\WOZ\ –`1Z\aS,1 +\W1a˜SE Z131X1Zd ˜`d™Z\cd SWS —d+SO˜*V �\3U1 Z*VW\Z\a˜SH �\ ad a*a,SY aS—d`Z\ —\`V1 –\OaW1™Sg1 V\U1 \a1c*Ud \ZS V\US V`j1 �\3US Y\`*WZS4*V\Z \ –\WZSY \™Z\aSY*D�* S–*VE Y\3™* ˜S U1 ˜1jV\ ™* a1 \™d–`1j SaVdj1O

[dD �\3™* `*4YSjX*jB G�1ZS a1 ZSj˜* Z1c1 ™\—\™SO˜SD �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E ˜\ a,S `*™1DF � jV\WS aWdj*jV*V\ a1 ˜,\US ,`j[*gS f,*W1 *,*Z˜d`*Y* S S4—W1™*™* a1 [SY* ZSj˜* W\j1 Z1 ™1j*,*D �\3™* h*V –\O–d˜ �1™1`E V\Ud aY\ –\Y1ZdWS d d,\™dE YSaWSj ™* c1

˜1 a1Va 4+WS3S˜S a ™1hV\YD�aSY ˜\—*E ZSV\ Z1 31WS™* —* SaY1,*Ud 4*˜\ j˜\ U1Z1,SZD ˛*` ZSU1 +\X1 –\–dOa˜S˜SH�WSE a*h1V*U Y*W\I �*\

–`,\E ZSU1 Sa˜SZ* ™* ˜\ a,S`*™1D ˙\™dj1E Y\3™* 4Z*j™* Z1VS –\™*gS dV*4dUd ™* a1,1WSVS +`\U YW*™Sf d–dj˜*

d a1Vad*WZ1 \™Z\a1D �* –`SY1`E U1™Z\ Sa˜`*3S,*[1 d��˙ –\V*4*W\ U1 ™* U1 ™,1 ˜`1cSZ1 YW*™Sf a1Vad*WZ\*V˜S,Z\ –`1 4*,`j1˜V* a`1™[1 jV\W1D �WS ˜\ ˜*V\01–\V*4dU1 ™* U1™Z* ˜`1cSZ* P j˜\ U1 –`SWSh*Z +`\UP ZSU1D "˜* a1 Y\31 `1cS 4* \Z1 V\US ˜\ U1adH �a˜`*O3S,*[* –\V*4dUd ™* a1 YZ\—S \™ [Sf ad\h*,*Ud a U1™OZ\Y SWS ,Sj1 +\WZSf hS[1ZSg*D5̋D �� ˚� � ��˚D 1cSZ* YW*™Sf V\USad a1 d–da˜SWS d –`1™+`*hZS a1Va V*31 ™* ad V*aZSU14*3*WSWS 4+\— ˜\—*D

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 8D 9D �� 6D ��E 8D 9D ��

174 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*V\Z j˜\ Z1VS Y\Y*Va–*,* a* a,\U\Y ™1,\UOV\YE ,1c* U1 ,1`\,*˜Z\Oc* ™* c1 U1 \a˜*,S˜S S–\˜`*3S˜S ™`d—dD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

6̋D �� ˚� � �˚��˚ ˚�˚D �*V\Z j˜\ ada–*,*WS 4*U1™Z\E S YW*™Sc S ™1,\UV* –\hS[d ™* a1 –SO˜*UdB G� VSY U1 U\j +SW*N+S\HF7̋D �� ˚� � �˛�� ˚D ˙d+\V\ d a1+SYZ\—1 ™1,\UV1 31W1 ™* –\`1™ a1+1 SY*Ud Z1V\— V\ c1Sf j˜S˜S˜SE * Z1 SaV\`Sjc*,*˜SD �Z\—S YW*™ScS Z1,\W1 ™1,\UV1 V\U1 –\–da˜1 [Sf\,SY 31X*Y*D�\`1™ \,Sf hS[1ZSg*E d4YS d \+4S` U\j Z1j˜\B

�Z\—S Y\YgS ad `1VWS ™* a1 ZSV*™ Z1 +S \31ZSWS ™1O,\UV\Y a V\U\Y ad a–*,*WSD ˛+\— h1—*H ˛*˜\ j˜\ +S `*O™SU1 S4*+`*WS \Zd V\U* U1 Z1,SZ*I˙* WS ˜1 V*\ ™1,\UVd ˜\ S4Z1Z*0dU1 P Y\3™* h*V XdO

˜SH ˛*˜\ Z1 4*+\`*,SB �WSV* V\U* a1 \ –`1™+`*hZ\Ya1Vad a˜Sh1 Z* \aZ\,d eSWY\,* S ˜1W1,S4SU1 –\˜–dZ\U1 ™`d—*hSU* \™ a˜,*`Z\a˜SD �Z™da˜`SU* 4*+*,1 S™1*OWS4dU1 ˜SZ1Ui1`aVS a1Va S –`SV*4dU1 —* V*\ +14*4W1Zd*,*Z˜d`d SWS h*V –`*,d Xd+*,D �WS Z1Y\U +S˜S Z*S,OZ*I �ZS V\US +S ˜1 –\Vdj*WS Z*—\,\`S˜S ™* a˜d–Sjd –`1™+`*hZ1 \™Z\a1 —W1™*OUd a*Y\ a,\Ud V\`Sa˜ L5D �\O`SZc*ZSY* 57B8E 9MD �* V`*OUd V`*U1,*E 4*` +S \Z*U V\˜1 SaV`1Z\ ,\WS d—`\4S\˜,\Ud eS4ShVd S 1Y\gS\OZ*WZd ™\+`\+S˜H L�\aW\,SOg1 9B7E 8MD �V\ Yd U1 a˜,*`OZ\ a˜*W\ ™\ ˜1+1E ™* WS +S˜`*3S\ ™* Z*`djSj a,\U1–`SU*˜1Xa˜,\ a �\—\YH L 1O,`1USY* 57B8MD�V\WSV\ aS ™1hV\ S 4*+*O

,X*j a1 a Z1V\Y ™1,\UV\YE

= t�13S˜1 \™ +Wd™*DD D �\ hSZS +Wd™E—`1jS a,\Y ˜1Wdr L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* :B5<M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙* WS c1 a1Va \U*h*˜S Z*jd ,14dH 175

*™* U1 d –S˜*[d–\Z*j*[1 –`1Y*ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdE™\+`\ U1 ™* aW1™SjaW1™1c1 –`*,SW\B�1Y\U V`Sj\Y `*™S˜S\Z\ j˜\ Z1 +S ,\W1W*™* 4Z*Ud ˜,\US`\™S˜1XSD

�˚� ��

\Z\ j˜\ U1 d \,\Y –\—W*,Xd Z*,1™1Z\ ˜`1+* ™* ˜S–\Y\—Z1 ™* `*4YSjX*j \ a,\U\U ,14SD ˛*˜\ a1 –S˜*UBG˙* WS YS U1 4*Sa˜* a˜*W\ ™\ Y\U1 ™1,\UV1HF �V\ U1a˜1EV*V\ U\U ˜\ Z* Z*U+\XS Z*hSZ Y\31j –\V*4*˜SH �*V\j˜\ c1j a1 a*,1aZ\ ™`3*˜S �\3USf 4*V\Z* \ Y\`*OWd S Yd™`\ a1 VW\ZS˜S SaVdj*,*UdcSf \V\WZ\a˜SD �*OV\01E ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j U\U –\V*4S,*˜S Xd+*, d4SY*UdcSd \+4S` [1Z\ ™\+`\D �V\WSV\ +d™1j ˜*V\ –\a˜d–*\E\Z™* c1 \Z* ,1`\,*˜Z\ \a1c*˜S –`1Y* ˜1+S aWShZ\ V*\j˜\ U1 �dW*YV* S4 ™`1,ZSf ,`1Y1Z* \a1c*W* –`1Y*a,\Y ™`*—\YB t˙`*—S Y\U Y1ZS –`S–*™*E * U* [1Ydr L�1OaY* Z*™ –1aY*Y* 6B5:MD �`*˜V\ `1h1Z\E +Sc1j [1Z ™1OhV\ S4 aZ\,*I

’’ �\j˜\3S,Sj –\ �\3USY Y1`SWSY*ESY*j \a\+SZ1 4+\— V\USf a1 ™\–*™*j™`d—SY*D ˛*˜\ Y\`*j +S˜S \–`14*Z S\™+S˜S Z1Y\`*WZ1 –\Zd™1D �d™S a,1a˜*Za,\USf ,`1™Z\a˜S S Z1Y\U Sf ˜1V ˜*V\–\—*4S˜SI‘‘ L!\jd*M

�*™ a*Y a Z1VSY ad–`\˜Z\— –\W*E SaVdj*,*Udc1\V\WZ\a˜S Y\—d +S˜S

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�V\ Z1V\ ad–`\˜Z\— –\W* 31WS ™* a1 a*a˜*Z1a* YZ\Y Z*a*Y\E U* cd `1cS

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1W* ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�SW\ ™* aS YW*™Sc SWS™1,\UV*E dV\WSV\ a1 d–dOa˜Sj d –`1™+`*hZS a1VaE

–\ZS4Sc1j a1+1 U1` c1j a1 Z* ˜*UZ*hSZ \™`1cS Z1h1— ,`W\ ™`*—\g1Z\— LSO

YX*ZSY* 5B68MD �SU1 hd™\ j˜\ a1 YZ\—S Z*V\Z ˜\—*\a1c*Ud –`*4Z\ S +14,`1™Z\E U1` ad W*V\YSaW1Z\ –\—*O4SWS a1+1I �1Y\U ™\4,\WS˜S ™* ˜S a1 ˜\ ™\—\™SD �V\ ˜1Z1V\ Z*—\,*`* ™* a–*,*j a [SY S V*31 ˜SB t˙* Y1,\WSjE d`*™SW* +S ˜\rE \™WdhZ\ `1gSB t˙* ˜S ,\WSjY1Z1E Z1 +S ˜\ ˜`*3S\Ir�,\U1 ˜1W\ U1 S ad,Sj1 ™`*—\g1Z\ ™* +S —* Z1V\Y1 ˜1V

˜*V\ ™*W*D �\V*3S ™* SY*j aZ*—d ,\X1 ™* –\aWdj*j�\3Ud 4*–\,1a˜ \ d4™`3*,*[d \™ +Wd™*D � \Z™*E *V\ a1U1™Z\— ™*Z* d™*jE Y\cS c1j d3S,*˜S d SZ˜SYZ\a˜SOY* +`*V* +14 +`S—*E V*U*[* S Z1aS—d`Z\a˜S V\U1 h1a˜\\a1c*Ud \ZS V\US a1 –`1 +`*V* d–dj˜*Ud d –\WZ1 \™Z\Oa1 L�\aW\,Sg1 ;B66E 67C 5D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B7MD

�–dj˜*[1 d –`1™+`*hZS a1VaU1 V*\ V*™ +S a1 –`1W1–* aWSV*V\`Sa˜SW* V*\ \˜S`*h

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� \WSV\ U1 \–*aZ*Y*a˜d`+*gSU*H

˙* WS c1 a1Va \U*h*˜S Z*jd ,14dH 177

˘ �*V\ –`1™+`*hZS \™Z\aS Y\—d +S˜S SaVdj*,*UdcSE4*j˜\ YSaWSj ™* ˜`1+* ™* Sf S4+1—*,*jH

˘ "˜* c1j d`*™S˜S *V\ Z1V\ V*31 ™* 31WS ™* a–*,*a ˜\+\YH

"� � �˚��H

��˙� d01j d –d+1`˜1˜E a1Vad*WZ1 31X1 Y\—d –\a˜*O˜S ,1\Y* U*V1D ˛*˜\ Y\3™* Y\31j d–*a˜S d 4*YOVd Y*a˜d`+*gSU1D� �Z\—S +S `1VWS ™* ˜\ ZSU1 ZSj˜*a˜`*jZ\D �\3™* `*4YSjX*Ud ™* ˜\ ZSV\—* Z1 –\,`1O0dU1D �10d˜SYE –\a˜\U1 ™\+`S `*4W\4S 4*j˜\ ˜\ ˜`1O+* S4+1—*,*˜SD �–\a˜\W �*,W1 U1 Z*–Sa*\B t�aY`˜SO˜1E ™*VW1E \Z\ j˜\ U1 41Y*XaV\ d ,*jSY d™\,SY*DDD–\WZd –\3d™dr L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B9MD �*a˜d`+*gSU* Z1–\Y*31 ™* a1 a1Vad*WZ* 31X*E ™* ˜*V\ V*31Y\E daOY`˜S ,1c U1 `*a–S`dU1D �\`1™ ˜\—*E `*4YSaWS S \ aW1O™1c1YB

˘ �*a˜d`+*gSU* –\™a˜Sh1 a˜*,\,1 V\US ad ™\ V`*UZ\Oa˜S a1+ShZSD �* –`SY1È ˜\V\Y Y*a˜d`+*gSU1E \a\+*YSaWS a*Y\ Z* a,\U1 ˜1W1aZ\ 4*™\,\X1[1D

˘ �1V\ V\ SY* –`\+W1Y a Y*a˜d`+*gSU\Y —W1™* Z*\a\+1 ad–`\˜Z\— –\W* V*\ Z* –dV1 \+U1V˜1 SWS a`1™Oa˜,\ 4* a*Y\4*™\,\X*,*[1D

˘ �1+ShZ\ `*4YSjX*[1 V\U1 Z*a˜*U1 4+\— Y*a˜dÒ+*gSU1 Y\31 \˜13*,*˜S SZ˜SYZ1 \™Z\a1 d +`*VdD

� �*a˜d`+*gSUd Z1 ˜`1+* Y1j*˜S a Z1Z*Y1`ZSY a1Vad*WZSYd4+d01[1YD �* –`SY1È Y\Y*V a1 Y\31 –`\+d™S˜S a1Vad*WZ\ d4+dO01Z SWS Y\31 SY*˜S Sa˜Sg*[1 a1Y1Z* ˜\V\Y Z\cSD �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E™1,\UV1 Y\—d Z1Z*Y1`Z\ ™\3S,1˜S 1`\ãV\ d4+d01[1E Z*`\hS˜\–`1 SWS –\aW1 Y1a1hZ\— gSVWda*D ˛* `*4WSVd \™ ˜\—*E Y*a˜d`+*gSOU* U1 Z*Y1`Z\ S4*4,*Z\ a1Vad*WZ\ d4+d01[1D

25

�*V\ ™* –`1VSZ1Ya Z*,SV\Y Y*a˜d`+S`*[*H

t�\h1\ a*Y a Y*a˜d`+*gSU\Y V*™ a*Y SY*\\a*Y —\™SZ*D �*aZSU1 a*Y a*4Z*\ V*V\ �\— —W1O™* Z* ˜\D �,*VS –d˜ V*™ +Sf –\VW1V*\E \a1c*\a*Y a1 d3*aZ\D G�*V\ �\— Y\31 ™* ,\WS Z1V\—V*\ j˜\ a*Y U*HFE –S˜*\ a*Y a1r L�dSaM

178 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�1Y\U –`S+1—*,*˜S Y*a˜d`+*gSUS ™* +S 4*™\,\OXS\ a,\U1 –\˜SaZd˜1 a1Vad*WZ1 31X1E ,1c –\V*4dU a*OY\a*,W*™*,*[1 L5D �\Wd[*ZSY* 8B8E 9MD ˙* +S ˜S ˜\+SW\ W*Vj1E –`SY1[dU +S+WSUaVS a*,1˜ ™* S4+1—*,*jaS˜d*gSU1 V\U1 +S d ˜1+S Y\—W1 –`\+d™S˜S a1Vad*WZd31Xd L�\aW\,Sg1 9B<E =MD �10d˜SYE j˜* *V\ aS –\a˜*\`\+ Y*a˜d`+*gSU1H �\3™* aS –`\+*\ ™* –`1a˜*Z1jE*WS ˜S Z1 S™1D �*™* +S a1 W*V\ Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S ™* –\YSOaWSj ™* aS S4—d+X1Z aWdh*U S ™* Z1 Y\31j 3S,1˜S –\�\3USY Y1`SWSY*D �*V\ U1 ™1hV\ –\ SY1Zd �1™`\ YSOaWS\ \ a1+SD t�*™* +Sf –\VW1V*\E \a1c*\ a*Y a1 —`\O4Z\rE V*31 \ZD t�SaWS\ a*Y ™* ZSj˜* Z1 Y\31 S4+`SOa*˜S \Z\ j˜\ a*Y d`*™S\D �SW\ YS U1 ˜1jV\ ™* a1Y\WSYDr�V\ a1 S ˜S ˜*V\ \a1c*jE Z1Y\U VW\Zd˜SI �SU1 a,1

˜*V\ g`Z\D �Z\—S YW*™S S a˜*`SUS da–1WS ad ™* a*,W*O™*Ud ˜d W\jd Z*,SVdD �\ Y\31j S ˜SD

�a1c*[1 V`S,Sg1�*\j˜\ U1 ,1c `1h1Z\E \ZS V\US ad d–*WS d 4*YVd Y*O

a˜d`+*gSU1 h1a˜\ a1 Ydh1 a* \a1c*[1Y V`S,Sg1D �1OadY[S,\ U1 ™* ˜1 G3*W\a˜ V\U* U1 d aVW*™d a �\3U\Y,\X\YF Y\31 –\™a˜*cS ™* a*,W*™*j ˜d W\jd Z*,SVdL6D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B55MD �WS –`1˜1`*Z* V`S,Sg* Y\31+S˜S j˜1˜Z*D ˛+\— [1 a1 Y\31j \a1c*˜S ˜\WSV\ U*™OZ\ ™* U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ –\31WSj ™* \™da˜*Z1j d a,\U\U +\`O+S L�\aW\,Sg1 68B5>MD˛*˜\E ˜`d™S a1 ™* Z* a,\Ud aS˜d*gSUd —W1™*j S4 SaO

–`*,Z\— d—W*D �*a˜d`+*gSU*U1 \+WSV Y\`*WZ1 Z1hSa˜\Oc1D ˛+\— [1 Y\31j –\a˜*˜SG`\+ `*4ZSf 31X* S d3S˜*OV*F S Y\31j `*4,S˜S j˜1˜OZ1 a˜*,\,1 L�S˜d 7B7MD �1O0d˜SYE Y*a˜d`+*gSU* ZSU1˜13*V a1Vad*WZS —`1fE V*\j˜\ U1 +Wd™ L d™SZ* ;MD �V\OWSV\ SY*j –`\+W1Y a Y*O

�*V\ ™* –`1VSZ1Y a Z*,SV\Y Y*a˜d`+S`*[*H 179

�W*+ScS a1 –`1–dj˜*OUd –\WZSY Z*—\ZSY*D�*V YdjV*`*g S U*V*31Z* –\V*4dUd a*Y\Oa*,W*™*,*[1 h*V SV*™ ad a*YSD

˙ � ˛��DDD ?

a˜d`+*gSU\YE Z1Y\U 4*VXdhS˜S ™* aS –\hSZS\ Z1\–`\Oa˜S, —`1fD �S˜Z\ U1 ™* a1 \™d–`1j ˜\Y Z*—\Zd S ™*ZSV*™* Z1 \™da˜*Z1j d +\`+SI�*V\Z –*™*E W*V\ U1 VW\Zd˜S ™df\YD �*™* a1 ˜\ ™1aSE

`*4YSaWS \ `1hSY* S4 �\aW\,Sg* 68B5:B t�V\ –`*,1™OZSV S a1™*Y –d˜* –*™Z1E \–1˜ c1 da˜*˜SE * 4WS c1 –\a`OZd˜S d Z1,\XSDr �`S,`1Y1ZS –*™ Z1 4Z*hS ™* aS 4W*\a\+*D ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U \™da˜*˜SI �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E *Z*WS4S`*UV\U1 ad aS˜d*gSU1 ™\,1W1 ™\ –*™* S Z*a˜\U ™* Sf aW1™1OcS –d˜ S4+1—Z1jD�™,\U ,`1Y1 ™* `*4YSjX*j \ �\3U\U Xd+*,S S YSO

W\a`0dD �a*WYSa˜* ˙*,S™E V\US U1 –\–da˜S\ ˜1W1aZSYaW*+\a˜SY*E Z*–Sa*\ U1B t�*\ j˜\ U1 \˜*g YSW\a`™*ZaSZ\,SY* a,\USYE ˜*V\ U1 S 1f\,* YSW\a`™*Z \ZSY*V\US —* a1 +\U1D 1` \Z ™\+`\ –\4Z*U1 —`*0d Z*jdE –*YO˜S ™* aY\ –`*fr L�a*W*Y 5>7B57E 58MD ˙*E 1f\,* d4SY*

d \+4S` Z*jd Z1a*,`j1Z\a˜S Ga–`1Y*Z U1 ™* \–`\a˜SFL�a*W*Y <:B9MD � ™`d—1 a˜`*OZ1E \Z 31WS ™* a1 ˜`d™SOY\ ™* a1 –\–`*,SY\D �˜\—*EV\U1 –`*V˜ShZ1 V\`*V1 Y\O31j –`1™d41˜S ™* +S a*,W*O™*\ \,d W\jd Z*,SVdH�Z*WS4S`*U a,\Ud 4*+*,dD

˙* WS —W1™*j eSWY\,1 S˜1W1,S4SUaV1 –`\—`*Y1 V\US

�V\ –*™Z1j ™\V ˜`hSjEZ1 Y\`*j a1 ,`*c*˜SZ* –\h1˜*VP *V\™\3S,Sj –*™ d +\`+Sa Y*a˜d`+*gSU\YEda˜*ZS S Z*a˜*,S +\`+d

180 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\WS a1 –`1 Z1—\ j˜\Z*—\ZS –\a˜*Zd U*VSD�`*3S \™ �1f\,1 ™*˜S ™* GS4d41˜Zd aZ*—dF™* +S a1 S4+\`S\a* SaVdj1[1YL6D \`SZc*ZSY* 8B;MD

�˚� ��

Y\—d –`\+d™S˜S a1Vad*WZ1 Z*—\Z1 S ™* WS –\a1cdU1j,1+a*U˜\,1 ˜*V,1 a*™`3SZ1H �a*WYSa˜* U1 –\V*4*\ YdO™`\a˜ V*™* a1 Y\WS\ �\—dB t�™,`*˜S \hS Y\U1 \™ \Z\—j˜\ U1 +14,`1™Z\r� L�a*W*Y 55=B7;MD�*˜1`*U a1+1 ™* `*4YSjX*j \ Z1h1Y ™`d—\YD 1f\O

,SZ a,1™\V –\ SY1Zd SWSU*Y –`d3* aW1™1cS a*,1˜Bt�`1 Z1—\ j˜\ –\01j Z* a–*,*[1 hS˜*U +S+WSUaVd WSO˜1`*˜d`dD 1\Y* U1 ,*3Z\ ™* ™*Z 4*,`jSj a Z1V\Y ™dOf\,Z\Y YSaWSr L�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B<MD�\,1`S a1 Z1V\YD �\3™* ˜S U1 4+\— a`*Y* ˜1jV\ ™*

a1 –\,1`SjD �10d˜SYE `*4—\,\` ˜S Y\31 –\Y\cS ™*

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 77D –\O—W*,XdD

=t�13S \™ YW*™*W*hVSf 31X*E * ˜13S 4*–`*,1™Z\jcdE ,1`\YE Xd+*,XdE YS`\YE4*U1™Z\ a* \ZSY* V\US S4 hSa˜\— a`g*–`S4S,*Ud �\a–\™*r L6D �SY\˜1Ud 6B66M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˛*™`3*cd YSaWS Z* \Z\Y j˜\ U1 h1a˜S˜\ *V\

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

�1cd –\–da˜S˜S –`1™ Z*—\Z\YE ,1c cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

a*,W*™*j a,\Ud W\jd Z*,SVdD �\ U1 \˜V`S\ S ˙*,S™D �ZV*31B t�\,1`S\ a*Y a1 a,\Y \gdD �SV*™* Z1cd 4*+\O`*,S˜S j˜* YS U1 `1V*\D �* dYS`dUdcSY \aY1f\Y Z*WSgdE \Z U1 `1V*\B G�*j a*Y –\Z\a*Z Z* ˜1+1DF ˛Z*\ U1V\WSV\ YS U1 +SW\ ˜1jV\ ™* Yd a1 d\–j˜1 \+`*˜SYD �SOV*V,* ™`d—* S4U*,* ZSU1 Y1 Y\—W* ˜\WSV\ –\™ScS S™*˜S YS aZ*—d ™* a1 +\`SYDt�*™* YS U1 –\V*4*\ Z1V1 a˜Sf\,1 V\US ad YS –\Y\O

—WS ™* ,S™SY ™* ZSa*Y \˜Sj*\ –`1™*W1V\E *WS S Z1V1™`d—1 a˜Sf\,1 Z* \aZ\,d V\USf a*Y `*4dY1\ ™* ˜\ j˜\`*™SY ZSU1 ZSY*W\ +14*4W1Z\E ,1c ,1\Y* \4+SXZ\D 1OV*\ YS U1 ™* –\Vdj*Y ™* a1 S4+\`SY Z* U1™*Z –1`S\™E–* c1Y\ –\Z\,\ –`Sh*˜SD �*V\01 Y1 U1 a*,1˜\,*\ ™* a1Z1 –`1™*Y *V\ –\VW1VZ1YE ,1c ™* aW1™1cS –d˜ a*Y\S4™`3SY ™d3S –1`S\™Dr �* \aZ\,d a,\— SaVda˜,*E ˙*O,S™ U1 4*VXdhS\B t�\ j˜\ U1 Z1V\ 4Z*\ 4* Y\U –`\+W1YS –\Y*—*\ YS +SW\ U1 \™ Z1S4Y1`Z1 V\`Sa˜SDr�

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE a˜`*Z167=O685D

’’ �˜V*V\ a*Y a*,W*™*W* ˜*U –`\+W1YESY*Y hSa˜d a*,1a˜ –`1™ �1f\,\YE* ˜\ Z1 +Sf Y1[*W* ZS 4*j˜*Z* a,1˜dI‘‘ L�*`*M

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 1\+*,14*Z a1Va ZSU1 Z1j˜\+14*4W1Z\D �*4Z*U 4*j˜\ U1 \,* ˜,`™[* ˜*hZ*D

182 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* d–*Y˜SY\ ™* U1 �1f\,*Ga–`1Y*Z ™* \–`\a˜SFH L�a*W*Y <:B9M

˘ *V\ hS[1ZSg* ™* �\— \™ ˜1+1 \h1VdU1 ™*—*USj a*Y\a*,W*™*,*[1E S*V\ ˜S U1 ™*\ a1Vad*WZ131X1E –\V*4dU1 ™* \Z SY* –\,1`1[1 d ˜1+1H

"� � �˚��H

˙�� a1 YZ\—S YW*™S f,*W1 V*V\ a1 d–dj˜*Ud d +WSg*,*Z˜d`1 +14 SV*V,\— 1Y\gS\Z*WZ\— ,14S,*[*D �1VSh*V V*3d V*V\ SY*Ud `1™\,Z1 –*`˜Z1`1 a*Y\ 4* a1VaE+14 tV\Y–WSV*gSU*r V\U1 Z\aS Xd+*,Z* ,14*D�1Y\U a1 S4Z1Z*™S˜S *V\ ˜1 ˜\ –`S,W*hS L 1`1YSO

U* 5;B=MD ˚™,*`™ V*31B t�Z\—1 ™1,\UV1 YS a1 Z*+*gdOUd S 4* Y1Z1 V*\ f`Sjc*ZSZ* Z*U,1c* U1 +\`+* ™* a1\™d–`1Y ˜\Y1D �1jV\ U1 `1cS Z1Ir �\U* +S+WSUaV*

26

"˜* `1cS \Z1\+*,14Z\Y

a1VadH

t�Z\—S YW*™S a1 Yd,*Ud a*Y\ ™* +S ,S™1WS ™*WS U1 ™`d—* a˜`*Z* a–`1YZ* 4* Z1j˜\ ,Sj1 S ™*+S ™\™*WS U\j U1™Z\ SY1 a–SaVd \ZSf a V\USY*ad a–*,*WSr L�\Y*Z*Mt�\YgS \˜,\`1Z\ —\,\`1 \ Z1\+*,14Z\Ya1VadD �,*W1 a1 ™* SY*Ud ™1,\UVdE *WS S YZ\—1G–`SU*˜1XSg1F a*Y\ 4* a1Var L˚™,*`™M

"˜* `1cS \ Z1\+*,14Z\Y a1VadH 183

Z*h1W* ˜`1+* ™* SY*j Z* dYd *V\ ˜S Z1V\ Zd™S Z1\O+*,14*Z a1VaH

˛*j˜\ U1 Z1\+*,14*Z a1Va –\—`1j*ZH�Wd™ U1 ˜\WSV\ \4+SX*Z —`1f ™* \ZS V\US —* hSZ1

tZ1c1 Z*aW1™S˜S �\3U1 V`*X1,a˜,\r L5D �\`SZc*ZSOY* :B=E 5>MD �*`*,Z\E ˜\ U1 —`1f +14 \+4S`* ™* WS ™,\OU1 ˜,`™1 V*V\ ad Z*,\™Z\ 4*Xd+X1ZS SWS a1 a*Y\d–dj˜*Ud d a1Va +14 1Y\gSU*D ˙* +S d a,SY \,SY aSO˜d*gSU*Y* \™\W1\ SaVdj1[dE Z* +Wd™ Y\`*j —W1™*O˜S S4 1f\,SZ\— d—W*Dt�,1`1Z* a*Y ™* U1 Z*U+\X1 ™* 3S,SY\ \Z*V\ V*V\

˜\ 1f\,* 31WSr L�*`1ZE �*Z*™*MDt*4YSjX*U \ ˜\Y1 ™* aS Z1hSUS aSZE \™Z\aZ\ c1`O

V*E ™* SY*j –dZ\ –`SU*˜1X* S ™* aS ™1\ aVd–j˜SZ1D�V\ –\–da˜SjE a,1 c1j Sf S4Z1,1`S˜SIr L�S˜1`E 1OWSV* �`S˜*ZSU*MD�V\ da,*U*j 1f\,SZ a˜*, \ +Wd™dE GY`41c1j

\Z\ j˜\ U1 4W\FE d–`V\a ˜1W1aZSY 31X*Y* L�a*W*Y=;B5>MD�`1™W\— 4* hS˜*[1B �\a˜*Z*V 7=B;O=D ˛*–*4S V*V\

a1 \aSe f`*+`\ \™d–`\ SaVdj1[d ™* –\hSZS +Wd™S j˜* Yd U1 –\Y\—W\ ™* ˜\ dhSZSD

�d™S –\Z\a*Z Z* a,\U*,1`\,*[*�*a,SY U1 Z\`Y*WZ\ ™*

YW*™S –\Z\aZ\ +`*Z1 a,\OU* d+101[*D �S SY*j h*a˜™* a,\USY –\Z*j*[1Y –\O™d–S`1j �\3U1 Y\`*WZ1–`SZgS–1D ˛*˜\ a1 Z1Y\Ua˜S™1˜S a,\— a˜*,* \ –`1™O+`*hZ\Y a1VadDt�™Y*f d a˜*`˜d a˜*,S ™\

4Z*[* ™* SY*j a,\U1 –`SZOgS–1r L�W1ZE �1Y*hV*MD

184 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�1f\,* 31WS ™*d3S,*j d –\WZSY\™Z\aSY* \Z*V\ V*V\U1 \Z ˜\ 4*YSaWS\P d+`*hZSY \V,S`SY*D�*™* Z1c1j \a1c*˜S–\aW1™Sg1 +Wd™* V*\j˜\ ad 4*+`SZd˜\a˜EZ1S4,1aZ\a˜ S V*U*[1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

t�\YgS S4 jV\W1 ad 4Z*WS V\ a*Y S ™* +S a1 i*+1˜`d™SWS \V\ Y1Z1r LSVSE ��˙MD�\ j˜\ a1 +\`Sj 4* a,\U a˜*, 4Z*hS ™* S4`*a˜*j d

4`1W\— f`Sjc*ZSZ* L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 58B6>MD�`1™W\— 4* hS˜*[1B �\aW\,Sg1 6;B55D ˛*–*4S

V*V\ ˜,\U1 Sa–`*,Z\ –\a˜d–*[1 d˜Sh1 Z* 1f\,SZ\a`g1I

�d™S \™Wdh*ZI*3Z\ U1 ™* V*31j tZ1rD �WS Z1V\ ˜\ Y\31 –\—`1O

jZ\ –`\˜dY*hS˜S V*\ ™* a1 a*Y\ e\WS`*jDt�,1 \ ˜1+S P ˜,\U1 \™1,*[1E —\,\`E a VSY `*4—\O

,*`*j S a VSY a1 ™`d3Sj P ˜`1+* ™`d—SY* ™* a˜*O,S ™\ 4Z*[* ™* Z1c1j –\–da˜S˜Sr L!\UE �S—1`SU*MDt�\`*j U*aZ\ –\V*4*˜S ™* ˜\ ZS –\™ V*V,SY daW\O

,SY* Z1 ™\W*4S d \+4S`D �SV*™* Z1Y\U ™* –`SY*j–\VW\Z1 \™ Y\Y*V* V\US –\Vdj*,*Ud ™* ˜S a1 ™\™,\O`1D �ZS ˜\ Y\—d SaV\`Sa˜S˜S S ˜`*3S˜S G–`\˜S,OdaWd—dF r L�*`*E 1WSV* �`S˜*ZSU*MD 1f\,* c1 ˜S –\Y\cS *V\ +d™1j \™Wdh*ZD �a*WO

YSa˜* ˙*,S™ U1 S4 WShZ\—SaVda˜,* Y\—*\ `1cS 4* 1Of\,dB G� \ZSY V\ U1 ,1`*Z–\a˜d–* ,1`Z\F L�a*W*Y5<B69MD�`1™W\— 4* hS˜*[1B 6D �1O

˜\–Sa* 5:B=D ˛*–*4S V\WSV\U1 1f\,* a–`1Y*Z ™* –\Y\—OZ1 \ZSY* V\US 31W1 ™* SaO–`*,Z\ –\a˜d–*UdD

’’ �d™S U*V*I �*™* YS a1 Z1VS ™1hV\Z*+*gdU1E U* V*31YB G�VW*[*U `dVda Y\— `*Y1Z*IF S a \4+SXZSY S4`*4\YWSg* \™1Y \™*˜W1‘‘ L˚W1Z*M

"˜* `1cS \ Z1\+*,14Z\Y a1VadH 185

�*™S Z* a,\U\U WShZ\a˜SL5D �1˜`\,* 7B7E 8MD �V\3S,Sj –\ +S+WSUaVSYY1`SWSY*E Y*[* U1 ,1O`\,*˜Z\c* ™* c1j SY*O˜S –\aW* a Xd™SY* V\USSY*Ud W\j1 Z*Y1`1D

�˚� ��

�d™S Yd™*`� �S+WSUS a˜\USB t�*Y1˜*Z h\,1V ,S™S 4W\ S aVW*O

[* a1r L�\aW\,Sg1 66B7MD �*V\ ˜\ Y\31j –`SY1ZSO˜S Z* a1+1H �1Y\U +S˜S –\,`j*ZIt�\WSV\ —\™ Y\31jE S4+1—*,*U \Z1 V\US –`Sh*Ud \

˜\Y1r L�*\YSE *–*ZMDt�1Y\U ZSV\Y1 Z1–`\YSjX1Z\ ™*,*˜S WShZ1 –\O

™*˜V1E V*\ j˜\ ad *™`1a* S +`\U ˜1W1e\Z*r L˙*U*Z*E1WSV* �`S˜*ZSU*MD�Z*WS4S`*U a,\U —\,\`E –\Z*j*[1 S ™`dj˜,\E V*\

S Y1a˜* —™1 a1 V`1c1jD ˛*˜SY `*4YSaWS \ aW1™1Oc1Y –S˜*[dB G˙* WS Z1a,1aZ\ j*X1Y aS—Z*W1 4+\—

= t˙*U˜1 a,1 \™ a1+1 ™* ,*a ��\— Z*01hSa˜1E +1a–`1V\`Z1 S d YS`dr

L6D �1˜`\,* 7B58M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*hd,*cd Y\`*WZd hSa˜\cd –\–d˜ \aSe* *V\

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�1cd –\—`1jS˜S V*\ ˙SZ* *V\

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

V\USf c1 Y1 ™`d—S h1jc1a˜*`˜\,*˜S a –\Zd™\Y 4*a1VaHF�`1™W\— 4* hS˜*[1B �\a˜*Z*V 78B5E 6D ˛*–*4S V*O

V,1 ad ˜`*—ShZ1 –\aW1™Sg1 4*™1aSW1 ˙SZd U1` U1 +SW*Z* –\—`1jZ\Y Y1a˜dD˛*–*Y˜SE S*V\ ad a1Vad*WZ1 *,*Z˜d`1 YZ\—SY*

–`Sf,*˜XS,1E 1f\,S ZSadE * ZS ˜1+S Z1 ˜`1+* ™* +dO™dD �V\ a1 \™WdhZ\ ™`3Sj \Z\—* j˜\ U1 Sa–`*,Z\EY\31j a*hd,*˜S hSa˜d a*,1a˜ –`1™ [SY S a,\U1 a*OY\–\j˜\,*[1D ˙1,\UV* –\ SY1Zd �*`\WSZ* \ ˜\Y1V*31B t˛*j˜\ ™* ™\–da˜Sj ™* ˜1 Z1V\ SaV\`Sa˜S 4*a,\U1 ˜`1Zd˜Z\ 4*™\,\X1[1I �d,*U a,\U \™Z\a a �\O—\YE 4* V\US aS a1 ˜\WSV\ ˜`d™S\Ir

�V\ a1 d–dj˜*jd Z1\+*,14*Z a1VaEdY*[dU1j a,\Ud,`1™Z\a˜

�1a–W*˜Z\

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� \U1 ad ™1,\UV1 –`S,W*hZ1Y\YgSY*H �\3™* c1 ˜1 \™—\,\` S4Z1Z*™S˜SI

"˜* `1cS \ Z1\+*,14Z\Y a1VadH 187

˘ �*V\ Z1™\4,\X1ZS a1Vad*WZS \™Z\aS Y\—d +S˜S–`S,W*hZSE 4*j˜\ ad S–*V –\—`1jZSH

˘ "˜* c1j dhSZS˜S *V\ Z1V\ V*31 ™* 31WS ™*a–*,* a ˜\+\YH

"� � �˚��H

27

˛*j˜\Y1 Y\YgSZ1 ,\W1H

�Z 4Z* ™* a*Y —W*,Z* e*g*U1` a*Y Yd `1VW* ™* a1 a,S0*YY\YgSY*D �Y1U*\ a1 ™\V a*Y Yd–`Sh*W* V*V\ ad —Wd–1 Z1V1 Y\U1™`d—*`Sg1D �*V\01 Y\31 ™*,S™S ™* a*Y –*Y1˜Z*E U1` a*Y—* Z1V\WSV\ –d˜* Sa–`*,SW*V*™* U1 Z1j˜\ `1V*\D �S˜*[1U1 h*a* V*™* c1 Y1 –\4,*˜S

™* S4*01Y\D

�1–* U1E *WS ™1WdU1˜*V\ –WS˜V\I �1™,*™\W*4SY ™\ `1hS \™[1D �*™* Z1j˜\S V*31YE \Z* Y1–\VW\–SI ˙\+`* U14* S4+1—*,*[1D

˙� �� ˜1 +`SZ1 –\YSa*\ ™* a1 Z1 a,S0*j Y\YgSOY*H �Z\—1 ™1,\UV1 +`SZ1E h*V S \Z1 4* V\U1 ZSV*O™* Z1 +S `1VW* ™* SY*Ud ˜*U –`\+W1YD �* –`SY1`E!\*Z U1 W1–*E SZ˜1WS—1Z˜Z* S V\YdZSV*˜S,Z* ™1O,\UV*D �* S–*VE \Z* V*31B t�1a˜\ SY*Y d˜Sa*V ™*a1 Z1 ™\–*™*Y Y\YgSY*D �1VS \™ \ZSf V\US ad YSa1 a,S0*WSE U1™Z\ ,`1Y1 ad –\V*4S,*WS 4*ZSY*[14* Y1Z1E * \Z™* ad –`1a˜*WS h*V S ™* `*4—\,*`*Uda* YZ\YIr"˜* Y\YgS ,\W1 V\™ ™1,\U*V*H "˜* Z1 ,\W1H

"˜* +S Y\—W* ™* d`*™Sj V*V\ +S –`S,dVW* –*3[dZ1V\— eSZ\— YW*™Sc*H

"˜* ˜`1+* ™* `*™Sj˘ �d™S aS—d`Z* d \Z\ j˜\ YSaWSj S \a1c*jD

�˜V*V\ aS djW* d –d+1`˜1˜E ,1`\,*˜Z\ ˜1 Y\YgS,Sj1 –`S,W*h1D �\3™* ˜S a1 a,S0* h*V ,Sj1[SfD�\ U1 a*a,SY Z\`Y*WZ\D �WS *V\ +`4\ –\VW\ZSja`g1 –`,\Y ™1hVd 4+\— V\— ˜S \Z\ U*h1 4*Vdg*E Y\O—W* +S ™* d—`\4Sj a,\U ™df\,ZS S 1Y\gS\Z*WZS`*4,\UD �\˜`1+Z\ U1 ,`1Y1 ™* a1 ˜*V\`1cS –`1\O+`*4SjE ˜\ U1a˜ ™* Z* a˜,*`S –\hZ1j —W1™*˜S S4�\3U1— d—W* S \a˜,*`Sj Z1V1 a,\U1 gSX1,1 LSOYX*ZSY* 56B6C 5D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B7:C �\W\j*ZSOY* 7B=E 5>MD�a˜SZ*E YZ\—SY YW*™ScSY* a1 a,S0*Ud ™1,\UV1

V\U1 Z1Y*Ud S4—`*01Z1 a˜*,\,1 S V\U1 ad Z*S,Z1D�WSE ˜*V,S YW*™ScS ad –`,1Za˜,1Z\ 4*SZ˜1`1a\O,*ZS 4* [Sf\, S4—W1™E * Z1 4* [Sf V*\ \a\+1D �SO[1ZSg* U1 ™* c1 d`*,Z\˜131Z YW*™Sc ˜`*3S˜S ™1O,\UVd V\U* c1 SY*˜S j˜* ™* –`d3S d [Sf\,\U ,14SL�*˜1U 5=B:MD"˜* Y\YgS V*3dB t�,S0* YS a1 V*™* ™1,\UO

V* `*4YSjX* a,\U\Y —W*,\YE V*™* SY* a,\U1 U*rL!1UYaMDt�Y*˜`*Y ™* U1 4*ZSYXS,* \Z* ™1,\UV* V\U*

\˜,\`1Z\ S a –\j˜\,*[1Y dY1 ™* S4`*4S a,\U1

˛*j˜\ Y1 Y\YgS Z1 ,\W1H 189

YSjX1[1 S V\U* a1 Z1 aW*31 d,1V a* a,SYj˜\ V*31YD�*V S *V\ U1 ™1,\UV* W1–*E Z1 \a1c*Y a1 –`SU*˜Z\ d [1OZ\Y ™`dj˜,d *V\ —\,\`S a*Y\ \Z\ j˜\ 31WSY ™* hdOU1Yr L˙*ZSU1WMD"˜* YSaWSj \ V\Y1Z˜*`SY* \,Sf Y\Y*V*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ �*dhS ™* –\j˜dU1j ™`d—1D �*\ j˜\ ˜S SY*j –\O˜`1+d 4* Xd+*,XdE ˜*V\ S Y\YgS SY*Ud ,1WSVd –\O˜`1+d 4* –\j˜\,*[1YD �SU1 aWdh*UZ\ j˜\ �S+WSU*V*31 ™* YdjV*`*g ˜`1+* ™* ,\WS a,\Ud ad–`d—dE * \Z*™* t™d+\V\ –\j˜dU1r a,\— Yd3* L˚e1j*ZSY* 9B77MD �aVW*™d a ˜SYE d U1™Z\U *ZV1˜S V\U\Y U1 +SW\ \+df,*c1OZ\ ,Sj1 a˜\˜SZ* YW*0Sf YdjV*`*g*E –`1V\ :> –\a˜\[Sf U1 `1VW\ ™* SY U1 –\j˜\,*[1 ,*3ZSU1 \™ Xd+*,SD�a˜S \™—\,\` U1 ™*W\ ,Sj1 \™ ;> –\a˜\ YdjV*`*g*4`1WSU1— ™\+*D�\j˜\,*[1 Z1 4Z*hS ™* a1 Y\`*j \™`1cS a,\— –`*O

,* ™* SY*j ™`d—*hSU1 YSjX1[1 S aW\+\™Z\ —* S4`*O4Sj L�\a˜*Z*V 65B5>O56MD �WSE Z*hSZ Z* V\US —* S4`*O3*,*j ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1 d˜Sg*˜S Z* ˜\ ™* WS c1j Z1V\—Y\YV* –`S,dcS SWS \™+S˜SD �V\ Yd a˜*WZ\ –`\˜S,`1OhSj SWS —* Sa–`*,X*jE \Z c1 Y\3™* aY*˜`*˜S ™* —*Z1 –\j˜dU1jD �10d˜SYE *V\ d,*3*,*j [1—\,\ —W1™SOj˜1 S V*31j Yd j˜* ˜S a1 a,S™1W\E ,1c* U1 ,1`\,*˜OZ\c* ™* c1 \Z –`Sf,*˜S˜S S g1ZS˜S ˜,\U1 YSjX1[1D

’’ �`S4Z*U1Y ™* Y1 h1a˜\ Z*U–`1 –`S,dh1Z1V* W1–* ™1,\UV*D WS ˜\ a1 +`4\ –`\Y1ZSdV\WSV\ \Z* Z1Y* V\ZV`1˜Z1 S ,`1™Z1gSX1,1 –`1™ a\+\YD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ 4Z*j˜*31WS d3S,\˜dE –\a1+Z\ *V\ U1 ,1c\a˜,*`SW* Z1V1 a,\U1 –W*Z\,1P ˜\ U1 hSZS,1\Y* –`S,W*hZ\Y‘‘ L˙*YU*ZM

190 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*`*,Z\E –`\ZSgXS, YW*™Sc c1 ˜*V\01 4*–*4S˜S ™*WS a1 a –\j˜\,*[1Y \–f\™Sj S –`1Y* hW*Z\,SY*a,\U1 –\`\™Sg1 S ™`d—SY*D"˜* Y\YgS V*3dB t�SaWSY ™* U1 Z* –\h1˜Vd ,141

Z*U,*3ZSU1 –\j˜\,*[1D �d+*, a1 Y\31 `*4,S˜S SV*aZSU1r L�™`SU*ZMDt�V\ ™1,\UV* –\V*31 ™* Y1 –\j˜dU1E 4Z*Y ™* \Z™*

aS—d`Z\ Y\31 S ™* Y1 ,\WSr L�*`V\MD"˜* YSaWSj \ V\Y1Z˜*`SY* \,Sf Y\Y*V*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ �+W*hS a1 –`Sa˜\UZ\ S ,\™S `*hdZ* \ WShZ\UfS—SU1ZSD �,\U1 \™1,*[1 S S4—W1™ ad –\–d˜ 4,dhZSV*V\US –`1Z\a1 ˜,\U* `*4YSjX*[* S a˜*,\,1D �Z\—\–`1 Z1—\ j˜\ Sj˜* V*31jZ1V\Y ™1hVdE \™1c* V\Ud Z\OaSj ,1c Yd U1 ™\a˜* `1VW* \˜1+SD �V\ U1 \Z* –`Sa˜\UZ* SdVdaZ*E –`1Z1c1 ,1\Y* –\O4S˜S,Zd –\`dVd L5D �SY\˜1OUd 6B=MD �V\WSV\ U1 S4*4\,OZ* SWS Z1dVdaZ*E –\`dV* c1Sa˜\ ˜*V\ +S˜S U*aZ* S —W*OaZ* P *WS Z1—*˜S,Z*I

�d+*, S –\j˜\,*[1ad –\–d˜ ˜\hV\,*Z* +SgSVWdP –\™U1™Z*V\ ad ,*3ZS

˛*j˜\ Y1 Y\YgS Z1 ,\W1H 191

�1Y\U –`1˜1`S,*˜S a*jYSZV\YD �\ Y\31 –`dO3S˜S –\—`1j*Z d˜Sa*VD�\3™* Y\31 4Z*hS˜S™* aS d\+`*31Z* SWSh*V ™* \h*UZShVS 31OWSj –`S,dcS –*3[dD

�˚� ��

"˜* Y\YgS V*3dB t�*hSZ \+W*h1[* ™1,\UV1 —\,\O`S YZ\—\ \ [1Z\Y a˜*,d –`1Y* 3S,\˜dD �V\WSV\ Z\aS—*`™1`\+d V\U* –`1,Sj1 \˜V`S,* [1Z\ ˜1W\ SWS U1Z1dVdaZ*E ˜\ –\V*4dU1 ™* +S dhSZSW* a,1 a*Y\ ™* –`SO,dh1 –*3[dr L�™`SU*ZMDt˙\–*™* YS a1 V*™* ™1,\UV* +`SZ1 \ a,\U\U V\aSE

W1–\ YS`Sj1 S aYS`1Z\ —\,\`SD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E U1™OZ* –`1W1–* ™1,\UV* YS a1 a,S™1W*E *WS Y1 U1 \™+SW*[1Z* Z1d`1™Z\a˜r L*U*ZMDt�`\,\V*˜S,Z\ \+dh1Z* ™1,\UV* c1 d –`,S Y*f aSO

—d`Z\ –`S,dcS –*3[dD �WS ˜\ ZSU1 ™1,\UV* a V\U\Y+Sf 31W1\ ™* 4*–\hZ1Y ,14dr L�SV\W*aMD"˜* YSaWSj \ V\Y1Z˜*`SY* \,Sf Y\Y*V*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* Z1 ˜`1+* ™* `*™Sj˘ �1Y\U ™* eW1`˜dU1jD ˝1Z1 Y\—d aZ*3Z\ d˜Sg*O

˜S Z* YdjV*`g1D �Z1 ˜\ Y\—d V\`Sa˜S˜S d ™\+`1 SWSW\j1 a,`f1 L�\a˜*Z*V 6=B5;E 5<C �\aW\,Sg1 ;B:O67MD�V\ ˜\ 31WSj ™* Sa–`\+*j Z* a,*V\Y ™1hVd V\— d–\O4Z*jE ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j +S˜S Z* —W*ad V*\ ™1,\UV* V\U*,\WS ™* eW1`˜dU1D"˜* Y\YgS V*3dB t�*V S a1™1[1 `*Y1 d4 `*Y1 –\O

`1™ W1–1 ™1,\UV1 Y\31 d4+d`V*˜S 1Y\gSU1 Z1V\— YW*O™Sc*D ˛*˜\ YSaWSY ™* ™1,\UV* V\U* ˜1 h1a˜\ ™\™S`dU1™\V `*4—\,\`* a ˜\+\YE 4*–`*,\ eW1`˜dU1r L�SV\W*aMD

t�V\ ™1,\UV* a˜*WZ\ –`\OZ*W*4S Z*hSZ1 ™* ™\™S`dU1`dVd a,*V\— ™1hV* V\— d–\O4Z* SWS V\V1˜Z\ —W1™* a,*OV\— Y\YV* V\US –`\01E YSOaWSY ™* eW1`˜dU1 S ˜\ ZSU1ZSY*W\ –`S,W*hZ\r L�\a1MD

˘ �1Y\U —* —djS˜SD �*™*a1 Z1VS –*` ,1Zh*E �S+WSU*

192 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�V\WSV\ \™ a,\—™1hV* 4*f˜1,*j ™*a,d –*3[d –\VW*[*a*Y\ ˜1+SE ˜SY1YSZS`*j ,*jd ,14dD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

V*31 ™* \ZS –\a˜*Ud tU1™Z\ ˜1W\r L�\a˜*Z*V 6B68MD �˜*V,\Y \™Z\adE \+* ad–`d3ZSV* a1 \™`Shd YZ\—Sf ,SO™\,* aW\+\™1 V\Ud ad SY*WS –`1 +`*V* S –\a˜*Ud –`1O™*ZS U1™Z\ ™`d—\Y1 L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B76O78MD �10dO˜SYE *V\ ˜1V d–\4Z*U1j Z1V\— YW*™Sc*E \Z™* ZS ˜S ZS\Z Z1Y*˜1 –`*,\ ™* \h1VdU1˜1 U1™Z\ \™ ™`d—\— ˜*U a˜1O–1Z –`1™*Z\a˜SD� ˛*–`*,\E dV\WSV\ d,*3*,*j [1—\O,\ –`*,\ ™* SY* S ™`d—1 –`SU*˜1X1E U\j ,Sj1 c1j Yda1 a,S0*˜SD � ˜1+S c1 Z*hSZ V*V\ V\`Sa˜S ˜d aW\+\O™d \˜V`S˜S YZ\—\ \ [1—\,\Y V*`*V˜1`d L�\aW\,Sg16>B55MD"˜* Y\YgS V*3dB t�SaWSY ™* Y1 ™1,\UV* –`1,Sj1

\—`*ZSh*,* *V\ 31WS ™* 4Z* a,*VS Y\U V\`*V S ™1WdOU1 V*\ ™* d [1Z\Y 3S,\˜d Z1 –\a˜\U1 ™`d—S Xd™S S SZO˜1`1a\,*[*r L˙*ZSU1WMDt�SaWSY ™* U1 W\j 4Z*V V*™* YS ™1,\UV* a V\U\Y a1

V`*˜V\ –\4Z*U1Y Z1–`1a˜*Z\ j*X1 –\`dV1 S 31WS ™*4Z* a VSY a*YE * Z*`\hS˜\ SY1Z* ™1,\U*V* d ™`dj˜O,dr L*U*ZMDt˙1,\UV* V\U* ˜S Z1 ™\4,\X*,* ™* –`\,\™Sj ,`1Y1

a ™`d—\,SY* S Xd˜S a1 *V\ S \Z* ZSU1 d,1V a ˜\+\YE–`1,Sj1 U1 –\a1aS,Z*r L�™`SU*ZMD

� �*`*,Z\E *V\ ad –*`\,S ,1`1ZSE a –`*,\Y Y\—d\h1VS,*˜S ,Sj1–`1™*Z\a˜S U1™Z\ \™ ™`d—\—D

�a\+SZ* V\Ud V\™ a1+1 31WSY ™*–\–`*,SY U1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1W* ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

"˜* YSaWSj \ V\Y1Z˜*`SY* –\Y1Zd˜Sf Y\Y*V*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˙`3S a1 a,\USf Y1`SW*1`\,*˜Z\ –\4Z*U1j ™1,\UV1 V\U1 +S a,1 dhSZSW1 ™*

4*™\+SUd –*3[d S Z*VW\Z\a˜ Z1V\— ™1hV*D ˙`d—1 Y\O3™* aZS3*,*Ud a,\U* Y1`SW* a*Y\ ™* +S –`\Z*jW1 ™1OhV* SWS h*V ™* +S a1 d™*W1D �10d˜SYE S d ˜SY aWdh*OU1,SY* ,*3S Z*h1W\ Gj˜\ –\a1U1jE ˜\ c1j S –\3[1˜SFL�*W*˜SY* :B;O=MD �V\ Z1 g1ZSj a1+1 S Y1`SW* –\ V\OUSY* Z*a˜\USj ™* 3S,SjE ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j –`S,dcSY\YV1 V\US Z1 g1Z1 ZS ˜1+1 ZS ˜,\U* Y1`SW*D�S[1ZSg* U1 ™* a1 Z1c1j ™\–*a˜S a,SY Y\YgSY*

P S ˜\ Y\31 +S˜S ™\+`\ 4* ˜1+1I �WS *V\ ,\™Sj `*OhdZ* \ a,\U\U dZd˜`*j[\U S a–\X*j[\U W1–\˜SE +SOc1j G™`*—\g1Z* d �\3USY \hSY*F S aS—d`Z\ c1j a1™\–*a˜S YW*™Scd V\US V*\ ™* U1 a˜,\`1Z a*Y\ 4* ˜1+1IL5D �1˜`\,* 7B8MD

= t�d–V\a˜ Y\31 +S˜S W*3Z* S W1–\˜*Sa–`*4Z*E *WS 31Z* V\U* a1 +\US �1f\,1

4*aWd3dU1 f,*Wdr L�\aW\,Sg1 75B7>M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� "˜* *V\ aS ™1hV\ S –S˜*j a1BG˛*j˜\ Y1 ™1,\UV1 Z1 ,\W1HF

194 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ *V\ Y\31j –\V*4*˜S ™* –\j˜dU1j`*4YSjX*[* S \a1c*[* Z1V\— YW*™Sc*H

˘ *V\ Y\31j –\V*4*˜S ™* g1ZSj a1+1H

"� � �˚��H

28

˛*j˜\ Y1™1,\UV1 Z1

,\W1H

�S—d`Z\ a*Y U1 \+\`S\a Z\—dD �,1 a*Y U\U `1V*\

\ a1+S P a˜,*`S V\U1 SY*YE—™1 a*Y a,1 +S\ S V\—* a,1–\4Z*U1YD �\`* ™* dYS`1\™ 31X1 ™* U1 –S˜*Y™* a1 4*+*,X*Y\I

˛1YX\E \˜,\`S a1I�*V\ ZSj˜*Z1 V*–S`*H

�*V\ ™* –`1VSZ1Y`*4—\,\`E * ™* Z1Sa–*™Z1Y —`d+*H

�Z\ j˜\ aS a–\X*Y*[1 U1 ,*3Z\\™ \Z\—* j˜\ aSS4Zd˜`*D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

��˝˙� aS ™\,\XZ\ \™`*a˜*\ ™* a1 4*+*,X*j a Z1OVSYD \W1\ +S ™* Z*01j Z1V\— V\ W1–\ S4—W1™* S V\SY* Sa˜* ,1`\,*[* V*\ ˜S L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B7=MD�WSE V*™ —\™ aS –\Vdj*\ ™* 4*–\hZ1j ,14dE Z* V`*OUd aS SY*\ \a1c*U ™* aS t–`\–WS,*\rD "˜* U1 –\jW\Z*\–*V\H ˙* WS ™1,\UV1 —W1™*Ud a*Y\ Z*U4—\™ZSU1Y\YV1H t�SjScS ZSad Z* \™Y1˜rE V*31 ™1,\UV* –\SY1Zd �S4*D �10d˜SYE ,1cSZ* ™1,\U*V* ˜`*3S Z1Oj˜\ ™`d—\D t�1 4Z*hS ™* 4—\™ZS Y\YgS d,1V SY*UdG\Z\ Z1j˜\F rE V*31 5<O—\™Sj[* �1`SD"˜* U1 ˜\ Z1j˜\H �V\ 31WSj ™* +\X1 d–\4Z*j

Z1Vd ™1,\UVdE V\U1 e*V˜\`1 ˜`1+* ™* d4Y1j d \+4S`H�\USf +S+WSUaVSf Z*h1W* +S +SW\ ™\+`\ ™* a1 –`SOa1˜SjH

�`,S V\`*V�`1 Z1—\ j˜\ \™WdhSj ™* –`S01j ™1,\UgS V\U*

˜S a1 a,S0*E Z*U–`1 ˜`1+* ™* a*,W*™*j Z1V1 \aZ\,OZ1 a˜,*`S V\U1 c1 ˜S –\Y\cS ™* aVW*–*j –`SU*˜1XOa˜,* a* a,SY*D �aY\˜`S aW1™1c1 a*,1˜1D

˘ �\V*4dU W1–1 Y*ZS`1D �S+WSU* V*31 ™* GXd+*,Z1 –\V*4dU1 W\j1 Y*ZS`1F L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 57B9ETodayGs English VersionMD �1–S Y*ZS`S ad 4Z*V ™* –\Oj˜dU1j ™`d—1 S ™* aS Z* –d˜d ™* –\a˜*Z1j 4`1\ S™\+*` h\,1VD �10d˜SYE \ZS ZSad –\–d˜ \™1W*V\U1 Z\aSj ™* +S \a˜*,S\ ™\+*` d˜Sa*V Z* ™`dO—1E * 4*˜SY —* aVS™*j V*™* a1 ,`*˜Sj VdcSD˛*˜\ a1 4*–S˜*UB G˙* WS –\V*4dU1Y W1–1 Y*ZS`1 d

\–f\01[d –`1Y* hW*Z\,SOY* a,\U1 –\`\™Sg1HF �V\ ˜\ZSU1 aWdh*UE \Z™* c1j S4O—W1™*˜S S4,1j˜*h1Z\ *V\Z* a,\U1 –\Z*j*[1 –*4Sja*Y\ V*™* aS ,*Z Vdc1D˛*–*Y˜S ™* c1 Yd™`* ™1O,\UV* –\aY*˜`*˜S V*V\ a1–\Z*j*j d V`d—d –\`\™SO

196 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

g1 ™* +S \˜V`SW* ˜,\U1 –`*,\ WSg1 L˚e1j*ZSY*:B5E 6MD"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t�Z\—\ YS a1 ™\–*™* V*™* Y\O

Y*V –\V*4dU1 W1–1 Y*ZS`1 d Y*WSY a˜,*`SY*E V*\j˜\ U1 \˜,*`*[1 ,`*˜*E *WS S d ,1WSVSYE V*™* U1Xd+*4*Z S \+4S`*Z Z1 a*Y\ –`1Y* Y1ZS ,1c S –`1OY* Y\U\U –\`\™SgSr L�SZ*MDt�˜`*jZ\ YS aY1˜* V*™ Z1V\ V\—* a*Y ˜1V d–\O

4Z*W* –\a˜*,X* –`1,Sj1 WShZ* –S˜*[*E ˜S–*B G˙*WS a1 4*+*,X*j a Z1VSYHFE G�\US ad ˜,\US gSX1,SHF�\ U1 Z1–`Sa˜\UZ\ S ™\,\™S Y1 d Z14—\™Zd aS˜d*gSOUdIr L�*c*MDt�̀ \4Z\ YS U1 V*™* Y\YgS YSaW1 ™* a1 Y\—d S—`*O

˜S a Z*jSY \a1c*[SY*E V*\ ™* \Z* ZSad ,*3Z* SV*\ ™* aY\ YS Z1V1 \h*UZSg1 V\U1 31W1 ™* a1 d™*UdS h1V*Ud ™* a1 \ZS aYSWdUdr L�W1Va*Z™`*MD

= G�+dgS˜1 Z\,d WShZ\a˜ V\U* U1 a˜,\`1Z*–\ �\3U\U ,\XS d Sa˜SZaV\U –`*,1™Z\a˜S

S ,1`Z\a˜SF L˚e1j*ZSY* 8B68M˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

1–S Y*ZS`S ZSad –\–d˜\™1W* V\U1 Z\aSj ™* +S\a˜*,S\ ™\+*` d˜Sa*V Z*™`d—1E * 4*˜SY —* aVS™*jV*™* a1 ,`*˜Sj VdcS

˘ \™S `*hdZ* \ WShZ\U fS—SU1ZSD ˙\+`\Y WShOZ\Y fS—SU1Z\Y –\V*4dU1j ™* –\j˜dU1j Z1 a*Y\™`d—1 ,1c S a1+1 L�*˜1U ;B56MD �V\ –\j˜dU1j a1+1E,1c* U1 ,1`\,*˜Z\c* ™* c1 ˜1 S ™`d—S –\j˜\,*˜SD� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ aS Z1Y*`*Z d –\—W1™d fS—SU1OZ1E ˜1jV\ ™* c1j a1 ™\–*a˜S Z1V\U ™1,\UgSD"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t 1™*Z ™1hV\ V\Y1 a*Y a1 a,SO

0*W* SY*\ U1 4*Sa˜* Z1–`SU*˜*Z 4*™*f S4 da˜*D 1™OZ\a˜*,Z\ ZSa*Y Y\—W* –`1cS –`1V\ ˜\—*r L�a1ZSOU*MD

˘ �`d™S a1 ™* +d™1j ™\+*` a*—\,\`ZSVD ˙\+`*V\YdZSV*gSU* U1 \aZ\,* ˜`*UZ1 ,141D �\ ZSU1 `*4—\O,\` a*Y\ \ ˜,\USY SZ˜1`1a\,*[SY* ,1c S \ \Z\OY1 j˜\ 4*ZSY* ˜,\Ud a*—\,\`ZSgd L�SWS–X*ZSY*6B7E 8MD �\ 4Z*hS ™* 4*Sa˜* aWdj*j j˜* ˜S \Z* —\O,\`S S ™* g1ZSj [1Z\ YSjX1[1D"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t�™dj1,SY a1 V*™* Z1VS ™1O

hV\ —\,\`S –`S`\™Z\E V*™* a1 a1c* \Z\—* j˜\ a*Y`1VW* S –\a˜*,X* –S˜*[* V*V\ +S `*4—\,\` S ™*X1˜1V*\r L�`Sa˜SZ*MDt�SaWSY ™* Y\YV1 –`S,W*hS \Z\ j˜\ ,S™1E ™\V

™1,\UV1 ,Sj1 –`S,W*hS \Z\ j˜\ hdUdr L�*d`*MDt�\VW\ZS ad ad–1`D �WS *V\ ™1hV\ dY1 W1–\ ™*

`*4—\,*`* S ™* a,\USY `1hSY* d˜1jS S –\™S—Z1DDD˚E ˜\ U1 ,1c Z1j˜\I �\ U1 \Z\ j˜\ \a,*U*Ir L˚Y*MDt�\4Z*U1Y U1™Z\— ™1hV* V\US U1 VdW˜d`*Z S ZSV*O

™* ZSU1 –`1,Sj1 –`Sa*ZD �\31Y\ eSZ\ `*4—\,*`*O˜SE * ™* \Z Z1 V*31B G�1–\ YS`Sj1jF SWS G˙*Z*aad–1` S4—W1™*jFD �Z 4*Sa˜* aWdj* j˜* SY*Y ™*

’’ �\YgS YSaW1 ™* c1 –\a1+*Z a˜SW \+W*h1[*S S4—W1™ –`S,dcS ™1,\UV1D �*V\ U1 ˜\ d Z1V\UY1`S ˜*hZ\E YSaWSY ™* YZ\—1 ™1,\UV1 ,Sj1–`S,W*hS W1–* WShZ\a˜‘‘ L�*˜*`SZ*M

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 7D �� 6D ��E 7D ��

198 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˛*Y\WS Z1V\WSV\\™`*aWSf \a\+* ™* ˜SV*3d j˜* YSaW1 ™* U1Z*U,*3ZSU1 4* U1™Z\—YW*™Sc* S ,S™S ™* WSad ˜\ –\™`dhU* Z* V\USOY* ˜`1+* ™* `*™SjD

�˚� ��

V*31Y S –\`1™ [1—* +S a1 a,*V* ™1,\UV* ™\+`\ \a1Oc*W*r L�1˜MDt˙1eSZS˜S,Z\ +Sf +SW* a–`1YZ* ™* +\X1 d–\O

4Z*Y ™1hV* V\US SY* aYSaW* 4* fdY\È *WS V\US ˜*OV\01 dY1 ™* `*4—\,*`* \ \4+SXZSY ˜1Y*Y*E * ™* a1Z1 e\WS`*r L�a1ZSU*MD

˘ �\V*3S ™* aS \™—\,\`*ZD � �S+WSUS a˜\USBt�,*V\ c1 Z\aS˜S a,\U ˜1`1˜r L�*W*˜SY* :B9MD ˙1,\UOV1 Z1c1 31W1˜S ™* a1 4+WS31 a ™1hV\Y V\US Z1 Y\31™* a*hd,* –\a*\ U1` U1 W1[ SWS –`1,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z*˜`\jS Z* 4*+*,dD"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t\W1W* +Sf V*™ +S Z1VS

Y\YgS +SWS \™—\,\`ZSUSD �˜,*`Z\ U1 ,1WSVS YSOZda V*™* ˜\ ZSadD �1 \™*Ud ™\+*` d˜Sa*Vr L�\`SMDt�1VS Y\YgS Z1 4Z*Ud j˜* 31W1 d 3S,\˜dD �V\ SY

a1 Z1V* ™1,\UV* ™\–*™Z1E \ZS a*4Z*Ud j˜* ad [1ZSgSX1,S S \Z™* V*3dB G�d–1È ˜\ S U* 31WSYIF �WS[Sf\, 3S,\˜ ˜`1Zd˜Z\ —\,\`S ™`d—*hSU1r L�1˜MD�*\ j˜\ a1 ™* 4*VXdhS˜SE *V\ aS \™—\,\`*ZE ™`dO

—*`Sg1 c1 ˜1 ,Sj1 —\˜S,S˜SD �10d˜SYE j˜* ˜`1+*™* `*™Sj V*™ af,*˜Sj ™* a Z1V\Y ™1,\UV\Y 31WSj,14dH

�W1™1cS V\`*V˘ �`1d4YS SZSgSU*˜S,dD �V\ aY*˜`*j ™* +S

Z1V* ™1,\UV* V\U\U a1 ™SO,Sj Y\—W* +S˜S ™\+*`+`*hZS ™`d—E –\V*3S U\U™* aS 4*SZ˜1`1a\,*Z 4*[dD �d™S U*a*Z S \˜,\`1Z™\V —\,\`Sj \ a,\USY \a1Oc*[SY*D 1`\,*˜Z\ c1jSY*˜S ,1WSVd ˜`1Yd U1à1 –W*jSj \™+SU*[*D�WSE ˜\ j˜\ aS a–`1Y*Z™* –`1d4Y1j SZSgSU*˜S,d

˛*j˜\ Y1 ™1,\UV1 Z1 ,\W1H 199

U1a˜1 4Z*V 4`1W\a˜SD �10d˜SYE Y\`*j ,\™S˜S `*OhdZ* ™* ˜\ ZSU1 Sa˜\ j˜\ S –`\aS™+*D ˛*˜\ +d™S \™OY1`1ZD �`1,Sj1 a*Y\d,1`1Z SWS \4+SX*Z Z*a˜d–Y\31 ™1,\UVd d–W*jS˜SE * Z1 –`S,dcSD"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t * Z1 dY1Y ™* hS˜*Y YSaWSD

�V\ Z1V\ 31WS ™* Y1 +\X1 d–\4Z*E Y\`* YS ˜\ SaOV`1Z\ S \˜,\`1Z\ `1cSr L�SZ*MDt�\3™* a˜1 Sa–`,* +SWS –`SU*˜1XS –* Yd U1 a*™

Z14—\™Z\D �WS U* +Sf –\j˜\,*W* \Z\—* V\ +S YS U1™OZ\a˜*,Z\ `1V*\ ™* 31WS ™* +d™1Y\ Z1j˜\ ,Sj1 \™–`SU*˜1X*r L�1W1ZMD

˘ �\j˜dU [1Zd \™WdVdD "˜* *V\ ™1,\UV* V\Ud aS–S˜*\ 4* ,14d ˜\ Z1 31WSH �\V*3S ™* U1 –\j˜dU1jS ™* Z1 adY[*j ™* \Z* 4Z* j˜* 31WSE V*\ S ™*[1Z\ Z1 4Z*hS Z1D �SW\ +S Z14`1W\ ™* –\hZ1j ™*U\U ™\a*0dU1jD �V\WSV\ a1 Z1 \+*4S`1j Z* [1Z\ U*OaZ\ \™+SU*[1 S h*V a1 Xd˜Sj 4+\— [1Z1 \™WdV1E–S˜*U a1 ™* WS ˜S U1 a˜,*`Z\ a˜*W\ ™\ [1 SWS a*Y\™\ a1+1H L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 57B55MD"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t�1`,S`* Y1 V*™* U*aZ\ V*O

31Y Z1E *WS \Z Z1 \™da˜*U1r L�\[*MDt�+U*aZSW* a*Y U1™Z\Y ™1hVd ™* Z1 31WSY ™* a1

4*+*,X*Y\E *WS \Z U1 S ™*X1 SZaSa˜S`*\ ™* Yd ™*Y+`\U ˜1W1e\Z*D ˝1W1W* a*Y ™* +d™1Y eSZ*E U1` YdaS—d`Z\ ZSU1 +SW\ W*V\ ™* YS –`S01D �WSE Z* V`*OUd a*Y Y\`*W* ™* +d™1Y \™a1hZ*r L�*`*MD

"˜* Z1 ˜`1+* ™* `*™Sj�1VS YW*™ScS aY*˜`*Ud ™* Y\—d W*V\ 4*™\+S˜S

Z*VW\Z\a˜ ™1,\U*V*D �ZS a1 h*V ˜*VYSh1 d ˜\Y1 V\c1 –`S,dcS ,Sj1 ™1,\U*V*D �10d˜SYE ˜*V,\ –\a˜dO–*[1 U1 \V`d˜Z\ S ™\,1jc1 ˜1 Z* W\j —W*a L�\aW\O,Sg1 6>B55MD �\31j ˜\ S4+1cS dV\WSV\ –`SY1[dOU1j aW1™1c1 a*,1˜1D

˘ �1Y\U ™* eW1`˜dU1jD �1V\ V\ eW1`˜dU1 V\`SOa˜S W*aV*, —\,\` S 4*,\™ZShV1 —1a˜\,1D �Z Z1Y*

200 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\™`dhU1 Z* V\Y Y\—d +S˜S dh˜S,SUS U1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

˙* +Sf a1 –\+\Xj*\ d V\Z,1`4*gSUSEU* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

Z*Y1`d ™* 4*–\hZ1 ,14dD �*V,SY –\a˜d–gSY* Sa˜*,\,SY* S—Z\`Sj1 +S+WSUaVS a*,1˜ ™* a1 –`1Y*GYW*0SY 31Z*Y* \–f\™S V*\ a* a1a˜`*Y* P a* a,\Yh1a˜S˜\jcdF L5D �SY\˜1Ud 9B6MD �\YgS V\US eW1`˜dOUd ad W\jS –`SU*˜1XS S U\j —\`S ad–`d3ZSgSD �dO™`1 ™1,\UV1 ad a,1aZ1 ˜\—*D"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t1\Y* U1 `d3Z\ V*™* ˜S Z1V\

W*aV*E * ˜S 4Z*j ™* U1 ˜1 Sa˜1 `1hS —\,\`S\ ˜,\U\U™`d—*`SgS –`1 a*Y\ Y1a1g ™*Z*r L�1W1ZMDt 1™*Z aW*™*V ™1hV\ U1 –\h1\ ™* eW1`˜dU1

a* YZ\YE —\,\`1cS d—W*,Z\Y \ a1+SD �*™* Z*Y a1–`S™`d3SW* ™`d—* ™1,\UV*E Sa˜d –`Shd U1 a1`,S`*\S [\UD ˛*˜SY U1 –`SjW* S ˜`1c*E * \Z U1 Z*a˜*,S\d Sa˜\Y a˜SWdD �\ U1 +SW\ —`\4Z\Ir L�SZ*MD

˘ �1Y\U a1 S—`*˜S ˜d0SY \a1c*[SY*D �1Y\U™* \h1VdU1j ™* c1 –`SU*˜1Xa˜,\ a Z1V\Y ™1,\UV\Y+S˜S Sa˜\ V*\ S –`SU*˜1Xa˜,\ a ˜,\USY ™`d—*`SOY*D ˛+\— h1—*H *4YSaWSB �V\ a,\Y ™`d—d V*31j

™* Yd ™\+`\ a˜\US Z\,\ \™1W\ SWS `1™\,Z\ `*4—\O,*`*j a [SY S –\,1`*,*j Yd a1E Y*W* U1 ,1O`\,*˜Z\c* ™* c1 \Z –\YSaWS˜S ™* aS +*gS\ \V\Z* [1—*D �WS *V\ Z1V\U ™1,\UgS d–dcdU1j V\Y–WSOY1Z˜1 SWS `1™\,Z\ `*4—\,*`*j a [\Y S –\,1`*O,*j U\U a1E Y\—*\ +S U1 Z*,1a˜S ™* –\YSaWS V*V\˜S a1 a,S0*D"˜* ™1,\UV1 V*3dB t�SaWSY ™* Y\YgS U1™Z\a˜*,O

Z\ Z1 `*4dY1Ud ™* a1 Z1 Y\—d –\Z*j*˜S –`1Y* ™1O,\UV*Y* Sa˜\ V*\ S –`1Y* a,\USY ™`d—\,SY*r L"1O`SWMDt1gSY\ ™* Z1VS ™1hV\ d4Y1 Y\U +`\U ˜1W1e\Z* S

–\j*X1 YS –\`dVdD "˜* a*™ ˜\ ˜`1+* ™* 4Z*hSH�\Z1V*™ a1 a Z1VSY a–`SU*˜1XSj –`1V\ –\`dV* S–\U*,1 a1 \a1c*[*E *WS ˜\ ZSU1 ˜\E U1` V\WSV\ Z1V\O—* Y\31j d–\4Z*˜S –`1V\ –\`dV*Hr L�*`SZ*MDt�SaWSY ™* Y\YgS Z1 af,*˜*Ud V\WSV\ a1 +`4\

Y\—d `*4,S˜S \a1c*[* V\™ Z1V1 ™1,\UV1E –\a1+OZ\ *V\ U1 ™1hV\ –*3XS, S *V\ U1 W*V\ `*4—\,*`*O˜S a [SYD �\ Z1 4Z*hS ™* U1 ™1,\UV* Z1V* U*™ZSg*D 1™Z\a˜*,Z\E ,1cSZ* ™1,\U*V* 31WS ™* a1 4*XdO+S S —W1™* ™* WS c1 a1 –\U*,S˜S G\Z*U –`*,SF r L�WSOa*MD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� *V\ Y\31j `*4WSV\,*˜S–`*,d Xd+*, \™ 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜SH

202 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ *V\ Y\31j –\V*4*˜S ™* –\j˜dU1j a1+1H

˘ *V\ Y\31j –\V*4*˜S ™* –\j˜dU1j`*4YSjX*[* S \a1c*[* Z1V1 ™1,\UV1H

"� � �˚��H

˚�� ˜S ZSU1 +S\ –`\+W1Y ™* \™—\,\`Sj Z*\,* –S˜*[*D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E W*V\ U1 ˜1\`1˜aVS d\OhS˜S `*4WSVd S4Y10d Xd+*,S S 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜SD�10d˜SYE a,1 ˜\ Y\31 –*a˜S d ,\™d *V\ a1 4*—W1O

™*j d Z1Vd \a\+d S4 a,\USf aZ\,*D �™U1™Z\Y aS –`1O–W*,X1Z \a1c*[SY* S ZSj˜* ™`d—\ ˜S ZSU1 ,*3Z\D�a1c*j a1 +*UZ\D �WSE ™* WS U1 ˜\ Xd+*, SWS 4*OXd+X1Z\a˜H �*V\ ˜\ Y\31j 4Z*˜SH �`1 Z1—\ j˜\

29

�*V\ ™*4Z*Y ™* WSU1 ˜\ –`*,*

Xd+*,H�™—\,\`S Z* aW1™1c*–S˜*[*B5D �*V\ +S ™1eSZSa*\ Xd+*,H

ı ...........................................................

...........................................................

6D �*V\ +S ™1eSZSa*\4*Xd+X1Z\a˜H.................................................................

.................................................................

7D �\U* U1 `*4WSV* –\ ˜,\YYSjX1[dH..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

I love you

I love you too

�*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* WS U1 ˜\ –`*,* Xd+*,H 203

�1VS YW*™S V\US \W*V\dW*41 d ,14d S `*aVS™*OUdE ˜*V\`1cS ,13+*Ud4* `*4,\™ V*™* U1™Z\Ya˜d–1 d +`*VD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

Z*01j \™—\,\` Z* \,\ –S˜*[1E \aY\˜`S –`,\ V*V\ a14*™[Sf —\™SZ* ˜,\U a˜*, –`1Y* ad–`\˜Z\Y –\Wd ,1O`\,*˜Z\ Y1[*\D �* –`SY1`E `*4YSaWS \ aW1™1cSY–S˜*[SY*B

˘ "˜* aS YSaWS\ \ ad–`\˜Z\Y –\Wd V*™* aS SY*\–1˜ —\™SZ*H

˘ "˜* YSaWSj \ ad–`\˜Z\Y –\Wd a*™*H�,\US \™—\,\`S c1 ,1`\,*˜Z\ –\V*4*˜S ™* aS Z*V\Z

dW*aV* d –d+1`˜1˜ –\h1\ ™`d—*hSU1 ™* —W1™*j Z* adO–`\˜ZS –\WD t�`SY1˜S\ a*Y V*V\ ad ™1,\UV1 –\a˜*W1W1–j1rE V*31 56O—\™Sj[S �\U*ZD ˚W1UZE V\U* SY* 5:—\™SZ*E –`Sa1c* a1 ™* a1 –`1 Z1V\WSV\ —\™SZ* Z1Oj˜\ –`\Y1ZSW\ S V\™ [1D t�,1 ™`d—*`Sg1 ad –\h1W1™* –`Sh*Ud \ Y\YgSY*rE V*31 \Z*E t* S U* a*Y SY*W*YZ\—\ aSY–*˜SU*Dr�*™*E V*™* aS –\h1\ ™* 4*–*3*j ad–`\˜ZS –\WE

V*V\ a1 Y\31j S4+\`S˜S a ˜SY aZ*3ZSY \a1c*[SOY*H �1 +S +SW\ ™\+`\ ™* Sf –\˜SaVdU1jE U1` c1j Sf˜*V\ a*Y\ –\U*h*˜SD �Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E ˜\ U1 \™WShZ* –`SOWSV* ™* Z1j˜\ V\`SaZ\ Z*dhSj \ –`S,W*hZ\a˜SE 4*OXd+X1Z\a˜S S Xd+*,SD �*™ Z1j˜\ a*4Z*j \ \,1 ˜`Sa˜`*Z1 Z1V1 `\Y*Za1E –\j˜1™1c1j a1+1 Xd+*,ZSfU*™* S a ,`1Y1Z\Y c1j Z*cS –`*,d Xd+*,D

�� @ �Z\ j˜\ ,S™Sjt�\US \`˜*gS S U* Z1–`1a˜*Z\ –`Sh*Y\ \ ™1,\UV*O

Y*D ˝1WSY\ ™* –`Sh*Y\ S \ Z1h1Y ™`d—\YE *WS hSY–`\01 Z1V* W1–* gd`*E a,1 –*™* d ,\™d S YS 4*+\`*O

,SY\ —™1 aY\ a˜*WSIr L�W1VOa*MDt�\Y*V a V\USY \a˜,*O

`SY ,S4d1WZS V\Z˜*V˜E V\OUS SY* W1– \aY1f S aS—d`*ZV\`*V \+*,14Z\ –`S,dh1Y\Ud –*3[dr L�\`*MD�*a,SY U1 Z\`Y*WZ\ ™*

Z*a –`S,dh1 Z1V\ V\ U1 W1–

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 5D 7D �� 6D ��E 5D 7D ��

204 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙* +S +S\ aS—d`*ZV\WSV\ ™\+`\ –\4Z*OU1j Z1V\— V\ ˜S a1™\–*™*E d`*™S ˜1a˜V\US a1 Z*W*4S d6D ˜\YdE Z* 7=D a˜`*ZSL4* ™1,\UV1M S 8>D a˜`*OZS L4* YW*™Sc1MD

�˚� ��

SWS SY* W1–d eS—d`dD �WS ZSU1 4W*˜\ a,1 j˜\aSU*D �4—W1™ Y\31 ™* ,*`*D � �S+WSUS a˜\USB t�*\4W*˜Z* *WV* Z* —d+SgS a,S[1E ˜*V,* U1 31Z* V\U* U1W1–* *WS ZSU1 `*4dYZ*r L�\aW\,Sg1 55B66MD �*`*,OZ\E Sa˜S –`SZgS– ,*3S S 4* YW*™Sc1D

˛��˚�� @ �Z\ j˜\ \a1c*jt�* 56 —\™SZ* +SW* a*Y ™\ djSUd 4*Xd+X1Z* d U1™O

Z\— ™1hV*D �*™* a*Y —* –`1+\W1W*E af,*˜SW* a*Y 4*Oj˜\ YS a1 ™\–*™*\D �SW\ U1 ˜\ a*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ ad a1a,1 Y\U1 ™`d—*`Sg1 4*ZSY*W1 4* Y\YV1 P –* a*Y\Z™* S U*D "˜* `1cSIr L˚W1UZMDt�1a˜\ a*Y a1 4*Xd+XS,*\E *WS d—W*,Z\Y d S4—W1™

Z1V1 gd`1D � \Z™* V*™ +Sf U1 +\X1 d–\4Z*\E ,S™1\ +Sf™* +*j S ZSaY\ a`\™Z1 ™dj1r L�*`V\MD˛*Xd+X1Z\a˜ a1 \™Z\aS a*Y\ Z* \a1c*[*D

�d+*, Z1 SaVXdhdU1 \a1c*[*E *WS \+df,*˜* YZ\O—\ ,Sj1D �d+*, S 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜ SY*Ud –\˜–dZ\™`d—*hSUS ˜1Y1XD ˛*Xd+X1Z\a˜ U1 –\,`jZ* S ˜1OY1XS a1 Z* 4*–*3*[d Z1OhSU1— S4—W1™*D ˛*Xd+X1Z*\a\+* U1 aW1–* V*™ U1 `1h \aW*+\a˜SY* ™`d—1 \a\+1 S–`1d,1WSh*,* [1Z1 ,`WSOZ1D ˛+\— ˜\—* U1 4*Xd+X1OZ\a˜ –\a˜\U*Z* V\WSV\ SVdW* \™ –1aV*D t�Z* Z1 ˜`*OU1 ™d—\rE V*31 �S\Z*D t˛*O˜`1aV*j a1 d Z1V\—E * \Z™*Z*V\Z Y1a1g ™*Z* d Z1V\—™`d—\—Ir

= t�S YZ\—1 ,\™1 Z1 Y\—d d—*aS˜S Xd+*,ZS˜S U1 `1V1 Y\—d \™Z1˜Sr

L�1aY* Z*™ –1aY*Y* <B;M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* WS U1 ˜\ –`*,* Xd+*,H 205

�� @ �Z\ j˜\ 4Z*jt�SaWSY ™* V*™* \a1c*j–`*,dXd+*, \Z™*31WSj

Z1V\Y ™* a1 –`S+WS3Sj 4*˜\ j˜\ SY*j –W1Y1ZS˜1`*4W\—1D �4* –`*,1 Xd+*,S Z1 a˜\U1 a1+ShZS Y\˜SO,Sr L˙*,S™MDt * YSaWSY ™* –`*,* Xd+*, a ,`1Y1Z\Y ˜`1+* ™*

`*a˜1D � –\h1˜Vd aS a Z1VSY ™\+*` –`SU*˜1XD � \Z™*V*V\ ˜d \a\+d d–\4Z*U1jE –\hS[1j ™* —*USj \a1c*O[* V\U* ZSV*™* `*ZSU1 ZSaS SY*\r L *Z*MD�d+*, a1 ˜1Y1XS Z* ™\+`\Y –\4Z*,*[d S U*hSf S

aW*+SUSf a˜`*Z* Z1V1 \a\+1D ˛*˜\ ZSU1 ZSV*V,\ hd™\j˜\ �S+WSU* V*31 ™* Xd+*, \+df,*˜* YZ\—\ ,Sj1 \™\a1c*[*D � [\U a1 V*31 ™* U1E S4Y10d \a˜*W\—E XdO+*, t™d—\˜`–XS,* S ™\+`*DDD �,1 –\™Z\aSE a,1 ,1`dU1Ea,1Yd a1 Z*™*E a,1 ˜`–SD �d+*, ZSV*™* Z1 –`1a˜*U1rL5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 57B8E ;E <MD ˙* +S \a\+* –\V*4S,*OW* ˜*V,d Xd+*,E –\˜`1+Z\ U1 ™* –\4Z*U1 hS[1ZSg1E* Z1 ™* +d™1 aW1–* S ™* 4*˜,*`* \hS –`1™ a˜,*`Z\OjcdD

�`SY1` –`*,1 Xd+*,S�S+WSUaV* –`Sh* \ *V\,d S *f1WS d–1h*˜XS, U1

–`SY1` –`*,1 Xd+*,SD �ZS ad a1 a`1WS Z* U1™Z\Y +dOZ*`d V*™* U1 *f1W* SjW* ™* Z*–\US a˜*™\ a,\— \g*D�Z* a1 \™Y*f ™\–*W* *V\,dD ˛*j˜\H ˛*˜\ j˜\ U1E

˛*Xd+X1Z\a˜ U1 –\–d˜ VdW1 \™ –1aV*P +`4\ Z1a˜*U1

206 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙* +Sf 4Z*\ ™* WS ad Y\U* \a1c*[* –`1Y*Z1V\U \a\+S 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜ SWS Xd+*,E U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

S4Y10d \a˜*W\—E +SW* GW1–\— a˜*a* S W1–\— WSg*F L�\Oa˜*Z*V 6=B5;MD�10d˜SYE a1˜S a1 ™* a1 –`*,* Xd+*, Z1 ˜1Y1XS

a*Y\ Z* eS4ShV\Y S4—W1™dD *V\, U1 ,S™1\ ™*E –\`1™W1–\˜1E *f1W* SY* S ™`d—1 V,*WS˜1˜1D �a˜,*`SE �SO+WSU* V*31 ™* Yd daV\`\ ZSU1 +SW* a*Y\ –`S,W*hZ*Dt *V\, U1 4*,\W1\ *f1Wdr L�\a˜*Z*V 6=B5<MD˙* WS a1 \,*V\ 4*,`jSW* \,* `\Y*Z˜ShZ* –`Sh*H

�1D �S\ U1 \,\ ˜1V –\h1˜*VD ˛+\— *f1WSZ\— \g*E *OV\, U1 Y\`*\ h1V*˜S a1™*Y —\™SZ* –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ a1\31ZS\ *f1W\YD �1` SWS Z1E *V\,X1,* Xd+*, U1+SW* a˜*,X1Z* Z* Sa–S˜D ˙* U1 ˜\ +SW* a*Y\ 4*XdO+X1Z\a˜E \Z U1 Z1 +S h1V*\D �*Y\ –`*,* Xd+*, Y\31S4™`3*˜S Sa–S˜ ,`1Y1Z*D "˜* U1 ™*X1 +SW\H � �SO+WSUS a˜\USB t *V\, U1 aWd3S\ 4* *f1Wd a1™*Y —\™SOZ*E *WS ˜\ Yd a1 hSZSW\ V*\ Z1V\WSV\ ™*Z*E 4*˜\j˜\Ud U1 ,\W1\r L�\a˜*Z*V 6=B6>MD"˜* Y\31j Z*dhS˜S S4 \,\— –`SY1`*H �`*,* XdO

+*, c1 –\W\3S˜S Sa–S˜ ,`1Y1Z*D �*™*X1E \Z* a1 Z1

’’ �d+*, a*,W*™*,* –`1–`1V1E ™\V4*Xd+X1Z\a˜ Z1a˜*U1 hSY a1 –`\Y1Z1\V\WZ\a˜S SWS SaV`aZd –`\+W1YSD�\˜`1+Z\ U1 ™\a˜* ,`1Y1Z* ™* +S a1`*4,SW* –`*,* Xd+*,‘‘ L˙*ZSU1W*M

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 �\— a˜,\`S\ Xd™1 ™* \a1c*Ud ˜*V\aZ*3Zd –`S,W*hZ\a˜ –`1Y* ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdH

˘ ˛*j˜\ YZ\—1 ˜SZ1Ui1`aV1 tXd+*,Sr Z1Y*Udf1–S1Z™H

"� � �˚��H

˜1Y1XS a*Y\ Z* eS4ShV\Y S4—W1™dD � a˜,*`SE Y\O31j 4*,\W1˜S Z1V\— V\ ˜S Z* –`,S –\—W1™ S ZSU1 +S\–`S,W*h*ZD �aY\˜`S U1™*Z –`SY1`D �*`+*`* U1 d–\O4Z*W* U1™Z\— YW*™Sc* V\US U\U a1 Sa–`,* S ZSU1 Z1Oj˜\ ™\–*™*\D t�WS V*™ a*Y —* +\X1 d–\4Z*W*rE V*31\Z*E ta˜,*`S ad a1 –`\Y1ZSW1D ˛*–*4SW* a*Y V\WSV\a1 �˜S,1Z +`SZ1 S 3`˜,dU1 4* ™`d—1D ˛Z*W* a*Y ™* ad˜\ \a\+SZ1 V\U1 V`*a1 ™\+`\— ad–`d—*D �\h1\ U1 ™* YSa1 ™\–*™* S 4*,\W1W* a*Y —*Dr �* ,14* U1 –`1`*aW* da˜*+SW*Z +`*VD�V\WSV\ aS ™\,\XZ\ 4`1\ ™* a1 4*+*,X*j S `*4YSO

jX*j \ +`*VdE V*V\ c1j 4Z*˜S ™* WS aS Z*j*\ –`*O,d Xd+*,H �1Y\U aWdj*˜S a*Y\ a,\U1 a`g1 ,1c S a,\U`*4dY S +S+WSUaV* Z*h1W*D �1Y\U +S˜S 4*™\,\X*Za*Y\ WSg1Y V\U1 Z1V* \a\+* –\V*4dU1 d U*,Z\a˜SD ˙*Ua,\U\U ,14S ™\,\XZ\ ,`1Y1Z* ™* a1 `*4,SU1D ˛*–*Y˜S™* 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜ h1a˜\ S4+W1™S Z*V\Z V`*c1— ,`1OY1Z*D �a˜SZaV* Xd+*, a ,`1Y1Z\Y –\a˜*U1 a,1 U*h*S –`1˜,*`* a1 d Ga,14d a*,`j1Za˜,*F L�\W\j*ZSY*7B58E edaZ\˜*MD�1Y* adY[1 ™* S ˜S Y\31j –`\Z*cS ˜*V,d Xd+*,

dV\WSV\ Z*dhSj ™* —W1™*j ™d+X1 \™ –`S,W*hZ\a˜SL\Z\— j˜\ ,S™SjM S 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜S L\Z\— j˜\ \a1Oc*jMD �*,1˜S Z* aW1™1c1 ˜`S a˜`*ZSg1 Y\—d ˜S –\OY\cS d ˜\Y1D

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� 1gSY\ ™* aS Z*j*\ –`*,dXd+*,D *V\ Y\31j 4Z*˜S ™* WS aS a–`1Y*Z 4* +`*VH

208 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* WS U1 ˜\ –`*,* Xd+*,H 209

�SW\j S �`1Z* S4W*41 ˜`S Y1a1g* S �`1Z* V*31™* U1 GWd™\ 4*Xd+X1Z*FD �SW\j U1 G\–hS[1ZF �`1Z\YP h*V U\U —\,\`S S j˜* ™* \+dh1 S a VSY a1 Y\31™`d3S˜SE * a VSY Z1 Y\31D ˙`3S U1 V*\ Y*W\ ,\™1Z* ™W*Zd P a,1 ™\ \Z1 Z1™1X1 V*™* Ud U1 \j*Y*`S\U1` Ud U1 Gdf,*˜S\F V*V\ –`Sh* a Z1VSY ™1hV\YD

�Z V*31B t�`1Z* ˜`1+* ™* 4Z* ™* a1 –W*jSY ™*cd U1 S4—d+S˜SD � a*Y* –\YSa*\ ™* YS U1 Z1V\ Y\31\˜1˜S ™\,\™S Y1 ™\ Wd™SW*D �1jV\ YS U1 j˜\ a*Y U1d™*`S\I �WS Z1 Y\—d –\™Z1˜S ZS ™* —W1™* Z1V\— ™`dO—\—D �\a˜*W\YE S4,SZS\ a*Y a1Ir

�Z* V*31B t�\US `\™S˜1XS V*3d ™* �SW\j 31WS™* —\a–\™*`S Z*™* YZ\YE *WS \Z a*Y\ SY* ,Sa\V*Y1`SW*D �SV*™* ZSU1 –\Vdj*\ ™* Y1 –`SaSWS ™*d`*™SY Z1j˜\ Z1Y\`*WZ\D � ˜\ j˜\ Y1 U1 d™*`S\P j˜\ ZSa*Y –\Y1ZdW* `\™S˜1XSY* P 1E –* U* a*Y–`Sh*W* a ™`d—SY ™1hV\YD �SW\j dY1 ™* +d™1 XdO+\Y\`*ZE * ˜\ YS –\Z1V*™ —\™SD �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*ES4,SZS\ a1 S \+1c*\ ™* ˜\ ,Sj1 ZSV*™* Z1c1 dhSZSO˜SDr

�*V\ ˜S ,S™Sj aS˜d*gSUdB ˙* WS ,S™Sj Z1V14Z*V\,1 \–*aZ\a˜S d [Sf\,\U ,14SH \U1H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* +S �`1Z* ˜`1+*W\ ™* d`*™SH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* +S ˜S d`*™SW*H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

j˜* +S ˜S d`*™SW*H

�SWS– a1 ,S0* a �Z™`SU*Z\Y ™,* Y1a1g*D �1cU1 –`SY1˜S\ ™* dY1 ™* +d™1 Z14—\™Z*E –\a1+Z\ –`1OY* a,\USY `\™S˜1XSY*D � a˜,*`SE a˜*WZ\ a1 a,*0*a [SY* S \+ShZ\ –\+1™SD �\WSV\ dY1 ™* SZaSa˜S`*™* +d™1 –\ [1Z\Y ™* a1 `\™S˜1XS dY\`1 S –\,dVdD�,*WSW* a1 �SWS–d V*V\ t,`˜S `\™S˜1X1 \V\ Y*W\—–`a˜*rD

�Z V*31B t�Z™`SU*Z* Z1Y* ™W*V1 Z* U14SVdD �SV\U\U ZSj˜* Z1 Y\31 P h*V ZS `\™S˜1XSD �1Z ˜*˜*a˜,*`Z\ Y\31 ™* aY*`* S ZSU1 ZS hd™\ j˜\ \Z* –\OWd™SD �WS ZSU1 d –S˜*[d a*Y\ ,SV*D �Z* –W*h1E ™d`Sa1 S dYSX*,* P `*™S j˜* —\™ U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™* +SS4,dVW* \™ Y*Y1 S ˜*˜1 j˜* 31WSDr

�Z* V*31B t�SU1 Y1 +`S—* V\ aSE j˜* aS S V\US–\W\3*U SY*jE U* cd ˜S `1cS j˜* YSaWSYE S ˜\ +14d,SU*[*D �\U ™1hV\ �SWS– ˜\ 4Z*D �S™1\ U1 V*V,*a*Y a `\™S˜1XSY*Dr

�*V\ ˜S ,S™Sj aS˜d*gSUdB ˙* WS ,S™Sj Z1V14Z*V\,1 \–*aZ\a˜S d [Sf\,\U ,14SH \U1H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* +S �SWS– ˜`1+*W\ ™* d`*™SH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* +S ˜S d`*™S\H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

j˜* +S ˜S d`*™S\H

210 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙\–SjS `1h V\U* Z1™\a˜*U1 d aW1™1cSY S4U*,*OY*D ˙* WS U1 d –S˜*[d Xd+*, SWS 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜H

5D t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � U1 aW1–* S 4*˜,*`* \hS –`1™a˜,*`Z\jcdr L�*`W\MD

6D tV\WSV\ d ™`dj˜,d Z1V1 ™1,\UV1 Y\`*Y ™* +d™1Y\Z\ j˜\ ZSa*YE ˜\ U1 \Z™* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � r L�\Y*aMD

7D t�1j˜\ ˜S Y\3™* S™1 Z* 3S,g1 V\™ \a\+1D �WSE *V\U1 ˜\ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � E \Z™* S ™*X1 31WSj +S˜S a ˜\Y\a\+\Y S Z1V*V\ `1jS˜S –`\+W1Yr L�\+1`˜MD

8D t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ˜1 Z*,\™S ™* —W1™*j a*Y\ \Z\ j˜\,*Y U1 4*U1™ZShV\r L�W*d™SU*MD

9D t�*™* U1 d –S˜*[d � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � E \Z™* Z1 V`SU1j\Z\ j˜\ 4*Sa˜* U1aSr L˚,*MD

:D t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � U1 a1+Sh*Z Z*hSZ ™* \a˜,*`Sj a,\UgSX P Y\3™* a*Y\ ™* +S `1VW* ™* SY*j ™1hV*rL�`SU*Z*MD

;D t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ,S™S Y*Z1 S G+d+Sg1F ™`d—1 \a\+1E*WS Y\31 a ˜SY 3S,1˜Sr L�Z*MD

<D t�\™ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � E Z1 Y\31j \+U*aZS˜S 4*j˜\˜1 Z1V* \a\+* –`S,W*hS P U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ ˜1 –`S,W*hSrL˙*,S™MD

=D t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Z1 –`d3* –`\a˜\` 4* —`1jV1rL�SW,SU*MD

5>D t�*™ U1 d –S˜*[d � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � E \Z™* ,Sj1 Z1–`SY1cdU1j ™1,\UV1 \Z*V\ V*V\ aS ˜\ `*ZSU1 hSZS\ U1`aS a*™* –`S,`31Z a,\U\U ™1,\UgSr L˙*ZSU1WMD

�™—\,\`SB ˛*Xd+X1Z\a˜B 5E 6E 8E :E <E =D �d+*,B 7E 9E ;E 5>D

™* WS U1 ˜\ Xd+*,SWS 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜H

�*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* WS U1 ˜\ –`*,* Xd+*,H 211

��˚ S a˜`1–[1 d ,14Sa +`*V\Y ad Z\`Y*WZ1E h*VS V*™* ,\WSj a,\— –\˜1ZgSOU*WZ\— +`*hZ\— ™`d—*D �d™dOcS ™* SY* ˜\WSV\ YZ\—\ Z1Oa`1cZSf +`*V\,* S `*4,\™*E

30

�*j*\ aS a`\™Zd™djd S ™\,\XZ\ ™d—\a1 4*+*,X*˜1 ™* +S+S\ aS—d`*Z ™* U1,\WSjD �* f\`S4\Z˜da1 Z*4S`1 +`*VD WS–`1 ™\Z\j1[* U1™Z1\™ Z*U,1cSf \™WdV*d 3S,\˜dE –\hS[1j™* a1 –S˜*j ™* WS aSa˜,*`Z\ a–`1Y*ZH

˙* WS aY\4*Sa˜*

a–`1YZS4* +`*VH

`*4dYXS,\ U1 j˜\ –`Sa˜d–*j \–`14Z\ ˜\Y V\`*VdV\US c1 ˜S S4Y1ZS˜S 3S,\˜D �*V\ Y\31j 4Z*˜S ™* WSaS a–`1Y*ZH �*™* ,Sj1 Z1—\ SV*™* `*ZSU1 ˜`1+* ™*a1 \aW\+\™Sj e*Z˜*4SU* \ +`*Vd S ™* a˜1VZ1j U1™Zd`1*WZd aWSVdD �1 e*Z˜*4SU1 Y\—d +S˜SB5̋D ��˛ � t˝S,1c1Y\ \™ Xd+*,SDr�˜,*`Z\a˜B�d+*, Z1 Y\31 –W*˜S˜S `*hdZ1 ZS˜S

S4,dcS S4 eSZ*ZaSUaVSf –`\+W1Y*D � a˜,*`SE Z1V*Sa˜`*3S,*[* ad –\V*4*W* ™* U1 Z\,*g U1™*Z \™ —W*,OZSf d4`\V* +`*hZSf a,*0* S Z* V`*Ud `*4,\™*D �1dO`*,Z\˜131Z\ —W1™Sj˜1 \ Z\,gd Y\31 ˜S Z*Z1˜S ™dOf\,Zd S 1Y\gS\Z*WZd j˜1˜d S d—`\4S˜S ˜,\U \™Z\aa* ad–`d3ZSV\Y L5D �SY\˜1Ud :B=E 5>MD �\dV*H �1Y\Uh1V*˜S ™* a˜d–Sj d +`*V ™* +S a* a,\USY +d™dcSY adO–`d3ZSV\Y `*4—\,*`*\ \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ –W*ZS`*˜1 ™*˜`\jS˜1 Z\,*gD"˜* V*31 �S+WSU*B t�\ \™ ,*aE V*™ 31WS ™* —`*™S

VdWdE Z*U–`1 Z1 a1™Z1 S –`\`*hdZ* ˜`\j*VHr L�dV*58B6<MD�*,1˜B *4—\,*`*U a +d™dcSY +`*hZSY ™`d—\Y \

Z\,gd a*™* P –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ d01˜1 d +`*V L�\aW\,Sg157B5>MD *4Y\˜`S˜1 aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B �*V\ c1Y\ `*Oa–\`10S,*˜S –`Sf\™1H ˙* WS c1Y\ SY*˜S 4*U1™ZShVSSWS \™,\U1Z +*ZV\,ZS `*hdZH �\ U1 \™ Z*a ™,\U1 ,1Oj˜SUS ™* ,\™S 1,S™1ZgSUd \ Z\,gd S ™* a1 +`SZ1 4*–W*c*[1 `*hdZ*H� �\WSV\ Z\,g* Y\31Y\ ˜`\jS˜S\™,\U1Z\E * ™* a1 Z1 V\ZadW˜dU1Y\H �*™* U1 ,`1Y1 ™*–\hZ1˜1 ™* `*™S˜1 V*\ ˜SYI L�`\–\,1™ZSV 8B=E 5>MD6̋D ��˛ � t�S c1Y\ +S˜S a*,`j1Z +`*hZS–*` U1` Z* a,1 —W1™*Y\ Sa˜\ P ZSV*™* a1 ZSaY\`*4SjWS d `*4YSjX*[SY*Ir�˜,*`Z\a˜B �\ j˜\ ™\a*™ ZSa˜1 SY*WS `*4WShS˜*

YSjX1[* ,1`\,*˜Z\ U1 4+\— ˜\—* j˜\ a˜1 –*3XS,\

� G`aZ* 31Z*F S4 �\aW\,Sg* 75B5>O6< \+*,X* YZ\—* ,*3Z* 4*O™d31[* V\U* ™S`1V˜Z\ SY*Ud ,141 a –\`\™ShZSY +di1˜\YD S™Sa˜Sf\,1 57E 58E 5:E 5< S 68D

˙* WS aY\ 4*Sa˜* a–`1YZS 4* +`*VH 213

S4+1—*,*WS ˜1Y1 V\U1 +S Y\—W1 ™\,1a˜S ™\ adV\+*D�WS f˜1WS Z1 f˜1WSE d +`*Vd c1 S ˜\ ™\cS Z* ™Z1,OZS `1™I � a˜,*`SE Z1 –\a˜\U1 ™,1 Z1a*,`j1Z1 \a\+1V\U1 a1 d a,1Yd a*,`j1Z\ –\VW*–*UdE ˜*V\ ™* U1 Y1`*Z1aW*—*[* Z1S4+13Z* LSYX*ZSY* 7B67C *V\,X1,*7B6MD �SU1 ™\,\XZ\ a*Y\ d˜,`™S˜S V\WSV\ a1 aW*31O˜1 ,1c S j˜* a1 ™1j*,* V*™* a1 Z1 aW*31˜1D *Vd ,14da*hS[*,*Ud \a\+1 V\U1 \˜,\`1Z\ –`S4Z*Ud ™* –\a˜\USZ1aW*—*[1E *WS V\U1 4`1W\ S YS`\Xd+S,\ –`Sa˜d–*OUd `1j*,*[d –`\+W1Y*D"˜* �S+WSU* V*31B t�1 S™S˜1 d V`1,1˜ Xd˜Sr L˚e1O

j*ZSY* 8B6:E Contemporary English VersionMD�*,1˜B ˙\+`\ `*4YSaWS V*V\ aS ™\ a*™* `1j*,*\

adV\+1 d a,\U\U –\`\™SgSD �*–`*,S ˜*+1Wd aWShZd\Z\U V\U* a1 –\U*,XdU1 Z* =7D a˜`*ZS \,\— ˜\Y* SWSZ* 665D a˜`*ZS 6D ˜\Y*D ˛*–SjS V\ZV`1˜Z1 ™\—*0*OU1 V\US ad ™\,1WS ™\ Z1aW*—*[*E V*V\ aS `1*—\,*\S V\U* +S `1*VgSU* +SW* +\X*D �* –`SY1`E *V\ aS

Z* Z1Vd `*4WSVd d YSjX1O[d `1*—\,*\ ˜*V\ j˜\ aS\™Ud`S\ d a,\Ud a\+d S +1aZ\˜`1aZd\ ,`*˜SY*E Z*–SjSj˜* +S +SW\ +\X1 dhSZSO˜S P Z1j˜\ j˜\ c1 –\OY\cS ™* a1 –`\+W1Y `1jSE* Z1 –\—\`j*D �V\WSV\ a*™*Z*dhSj ™* ™\+`\ `1j*,*jadV\+1E a˜1cS c1j ,1j˜SZdV\U* U1 Z1\–f\™Z* 4* a`1c*Z+`*VD

= t�\,1V �c1 \a˜*,S˜S a,\— \g* S a,\UdY*UVd S –`S\Zdc1 d4 a,\Ud 31Zd S \ZS c1

–\a˜*˜S U1™Z\ ˜1W\r L�\a˜*Z*V 6B68M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

LZ*a˜*,*V Z* 65<D a˜`*ZSM214 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*4—\,*`*U a U1™ZSYa˜*`SUSY +`*hZSY –*O`\Y S –S˜*U Sf V\US +Sa*,1˜ \ZS ™*WS Z\,\Y+`*hZ\Y –*`d \ ˜\Y1V*V\ SY*˜S da–1j*Z+`*V L�\aW\,Sg16;B5;MD

�˚� ��

�™\,Sg* d˜* U1 ™\+*` –`SY1` ,1`Z\a˜SD �Z* a1ZSU1 ,`*˜SW* d™\+ZSU1Y 3S,\˜d d `\™Z\Y —`*™dE ,1cU1 \™*+`*W* ™* \a˜*Z1 d4 a,\Ud \a˜*`1Wd a,1V`,d �\U1OYSZdD �*V\ U\U U1 ˜\ dY*[SW\ j*Za1 ™* –`\Z*01 Z\,\—ad–`d3ZSV*E \Z* a1 V\Zg1Z˜`Sa*W* Z* ™`d—1 a˜,*`SD�d+*, –`1Y* �\U1YSZS S31X* ™* +d™1 a �1f\,SZSYZ*`\™\Y 4Z*hSW1 ad U\U ,Sj1 \™ 31X1 ™* a˜d–S d +`*VLd˜* 5B<O5;MD˙* WS S ˜S `*4YSjX*j \ +`*VdH �Z™* Z1V* ˜S d4\`

+d™1 d˜*D �1Y\U YSaWS˜S a*Y\ Z* a,\U* \a1c*[* S–\˜`1+1 ,1c `*4YSjX*U S \ ˜\Y1 j˜* c1j ˜S tdZ1˜Srd a,\U +`*VD �* –`SY1`E ™* WS –\V*4dU1j ,1`Z\a˜ S a*OY\–\3`˜,\,*Z\a˜H ˙* WS a1 ™`3Sj +S+WSUaVSf Z*Oh1W*E h*V S V*™* ˜1 Z1a*,`j1Z\ ˜1W\ aZ*3Z\ ,dh1 dad–`\˜Z\Y –`*,gdH d˜* ZSU1 \h*UZShVS ˜`*3SW*+`*hZ\— ™`d—*D �10d˜SYE a ,`1Y1Z\Y U1 Z*jW* Yd3*V\US a1 –\V*4*\ V*\ 4`1\ YdjV*`*g a V\USY U1 SY*W*YZ\—\ ˜\—* 4*U1™ZShV\— P S4Z*™ a,1—*E Xd+*, –`1Y*�\—dD �a˜\ Y\31 +S˜S S d ˜,\Y aWdh*UdD

�˛�� ˚˙��"�

�d˜*

�*4Y\˜`S –S˜*[* Z* \,1 ™,1 a˜`*ZSg1D �*V SfY\31j \aY\˜`S˜S 4*U1™Z\ a +d™dcSY ad–`d3ZSV\YD�+*,14Z\ –`\hS˜*U Z*,1™1Z1 a˜Sf\,1D

eSZ*ZaSUaV* –S˜*[*˚ �*V*, SY*j a˜*, –`1Y* Z\,gdH L 1,`1USY* 57B9E :M˚ �*V\ ,1c a*™* –\V*4dU1j ™* Yd™`\`*a–\W*31j Z\,g1YH L�*˜1U :B5=O65M

˚ ˙* WS ˜`1Zd˜Z\ SY*j Z1V1 ™d—\,1H �V\ SY*jEj˜* hSZSj ™* +S Sf ,`*˜S\H L�\aW\,Sg1 66B;M

˚ �\WSV\ c1 V\j˜*˜S ,1Zh*[1H �V\ U1 –\˜`1+Z\EV\WSVS ™d— aY*˜`*j ™* U1 `*4dY*ZH L�dV* 58B6<M

˚ ˙* WS c1˜1 Z*V\Z ,1Zh*[* \+\U1 `*™S˜SH�V\ f\c1˜1E V*V\ –W*ZS`*˜1 ™* daVW*™S˜1`*4WShS˜1 `*a–\`1™1 S V*V\ c1˜1 `1jS˜S–`1,\4H L�\aW\,Sg1 59B66M

˚ �™1 c1˜1 3S,1˜SH �\WSV\ c1 \˜–`SWSV1 +S˜S–\˜`1+Z\ 4* a˜*Z*`SZdE 3S,\˜Z1 Z*YS`ZSg1E\™1cd S ™`d—\ S V*V\ c1˜1 –\™YS`S˜S ˜1˜`\jV\,1H L�\aW\,Sg1 68B6;M

™* WS aS a–`1Y*Z™* a˜d–Sj d +`*VH

˙* WS aY\ 4*Sa˜* a–`1YZS 4* +`*VH 217

–\`\™ShZ* –S˜*[*˚ �*V\ a1 aW*31j a Z*Ud3\Y –\`\™Sg\YH L�4W*4*V6>B56C SYX*ZSY* 56B5<M

˚ �*V\ `1j*,*j Z1ad—W*aSg1 d –\`\™SgSHL�\W\j*ZSY* 7B57M

˚ �V\ aS ™1,\UV*E V*V\ –\V*4dU1j ™* SY*jGYS`*Z S +W*— ™dfFH L5D �1˜`\,* 7B8M

˚ ˙* WS –W*ZS`*˜1 ™1gdH L�a*W*Y 56;B7MD �V\ Z1EV\US c1˜1 ,S™ V\Z˜`*g1–gSU1 V\`Sa˜S˜SH

˚ �V\WSV\ aS YW*™ScE V*V\ –W*ZS`*j ™*–`1™,\™Sj a,\Ud –\`\™Sgd d ™df\,Z\Y–\—W1™dH L�*˜1U 9B7M

WShZ1 \a\+SZ1˚ �*V\ a1 ,1c a*™* ,S™S ™* SY*j ™\+`1 `*™Z1Z*,SV1H L�\aW\,Sg1 :B=O55C 75B5;E 5=E 65E 66E 6;M

˚ �*V\ –\V*4dU1j ™* SY*j a*Y\–\3`˜,\,*Z™dfH L�SWS–X*ZSY* 6B8M

˚ �V\ aS YW*™ScE V*V\ a1 ,S™S ™* SaV*4dU1j*d˜\`S˜1˜ Z* Z*hSZ aWSh*Z �`Sa˜\,\YHL˚e1j*ZSY* 9B69E 6<E 6=M

˚ �V\ aS ™1,\UV*E V*V\ a1 ,S™S ™* aS –\™W\3Z**d˜\`S˜1˜dH L˚e1j*ZSY* 9B66O68M

7̋D ��˛ � t*™* d01Y d +`*VE Y\U1 a1Vad*WZ131X1 +Sc1 d,1V 4*™\,\X1Z1Dr�˜,*`Z\a˜B �`*V Z1 4Z*hS ™* c1j Y\cS SY*˜S \™O

Z\a1 V*™ —\™ –\31WSjD �–*Y˜S ™* ˜,\U +`*hZS ™`d—SY* \a1c*[* V\U* a1 Y\`*Ud d41˜S d \+4S`D �\`*j+S˜S a,1a˜*Z ™* c1 +S˜S ˜`1Zd˜*V* V*™* ˜,\U +`*hZS™`d— U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1c1 +S˜S `*a–\W\31Z 4* SZ˜SYOZ\a˜SD �`*V ˜S Z1 ™*U1 4* –`*,\ ™* SZaSa˜S`*j Z*˜\Y1 ™* a1 ˜,\U1 –\˜`1+1 4*™\,\X1 L5D �\`SZc*ZSY*5>B68MD �S[1ZSg* U1 ™* U1 a*Y\a*,W*™*,*[1 ,*3Z\EV*V\ ,*Z +`*V* ˜*V\ S d +`*Vd L�*W*˜SY* 9B66E 67MD"˜* �S+WSU* V*31B t��1V*� a,*V\ \™ ,*a 4Z* ™*

\,W*™* a,\USY ˜1W\Y d a,1˜\a˜S S h*a˜SE * Z1 d Z1\O+d4™*Z\U –\WZ\U –\3d™Sr L5D �\Wd[*ZSY* 8B8E 9MD�*,1˜B˙\+`\ `*4YSaWS \ a,\USY a1Vad*WZSY31X*O

Y* S Z*—S[*[SY* S V*V\ +S \ZS Y\—WS d˜Sg*˜S Z*+`*VD �* –`SY1`E ™* WS aS aVW\Z Y*a˜d`+*gSUSH ˙*WS a1 S4W*31j –\`Z\—`*eaV\Y Y*˜1`SU*WdH ˙* WSV`SUdcS 3d™Z\ Y1`V*j ™`d—1 \a\+1 ad–`\˜Z\— –\W*H*4YSaWS \ aW1™1cSY –S˜*[SY*B G�V\ YS U1 ˜1jV\ ™*a,\U1 a1Vad*WZ1 31X1 V\Z˜`\WSj1Y –`1 +`*V*E V*V\cd Sf V\Z˜`\WSa*˜S d +`*VdHF L�*˜1U 9B6;E 6<MD \jZ1j˜\B ˙* WS eW1`˜dU1j S ˜*V\`1cS Sa–S–*,*j ˜1O`1Z V\™ ,Sj1 \a\+* ad–`\˜Z\— –\W* ˜*V\ ™* aS Y10d[SY* 4*™\+S\ `1–d˜*gSUd –W1U+\U* SWS j*`Y1`*H

�V\ U1 ˜*V\E V*V\ –W*ZS`*j™* SaV\`1ZSj ˜\ Z*—S[*O[1 d +`*VdE V*™* a,d –*3[d+d™1j Y\`*\ ™* daY1`Sja*Y\ Z* U1™Zd \a\+d P a,\—+`*hZ\— ™`d—*H L�\aW\,Sg19B59O5;MD

8̋D ��˛ � t� +`*Vd cd–`\Z*cS a,\Ud a`1cdDr

�˜,*`Z\a˜B �Z*U V\ U1 Z1Oa`1c*Z ,*Z +`*V*E \+ShZ\

LZ*a˜*,*V a* 658D a˜`*Z1M

218 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�a–1j*Z +`*V 4Z*hS™* ad Yd3 S 31Z* ™\+`S–`SU*˜1XSE ™* SY*Ud™\+`d V\YdZSV*gSUdE™* 4Z*Ud `1j*,*˜SZ1ad—W*aSg1 S ™* Z*a,\U +`*V —W1™*Ud V*\Z* ™\3S,\˜Zd–`1™*Z\a˜D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�a\+SZ* Z* V\U\U cd a*™* `*™S˜S ™* +SfSY*\ ™\+*` \™Z\a a* a,\USY +d™dcSY+`*hZSY ™`d—\Y U1

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

U1 Z1a`1c*Z S d +`*VdD˛*j˜\H ˛*˜\ j˜\ U1 a`1Oc* ,Sj1 a˜,*` a˜*,* Z1O—\ \V\WZ\a˜S L�\aW\,Sg159B59MD �ZS V\US ad aVW\OZS ™* Z1—*˜S,Z\ —W1™*UdZ* 3S,\˜ \+ShZ\ a1 da`1™Oa`10dUd Z* \Z\j˜\ SY Z1™\Oa˜*U1 d ,14SE ˜*V\ ™* Z1 ,S™1\Z\ j˜\ SY*UdD ˛*˜\ U1 U*V\ ,*3Z\ `*4,SU*˜S –\4S˜SO,*Z a˜*, –`1 +`*V*D �*™* c1 d +`*Vd ™\cS ™\ S4`*3*OU* U*h1 a˜`*Z1 S ˜1+1 S ˜,\— +`*hZ\— ™`d—*D"˜* �S+WSU* V*31B t�\X1 U1 +S˜S 4*™\,\X*Z

\ZSY j˜\ SY*j Z1—\ a˜*WZ\ 3d™1˜S 4* Z1hSY ™`dO—SYr L�`\–\,1™ZSV :B=E TodayGs English VersionMD�*,1˜B �\Z1V*™ Z1—*˜S,*Z a˜*, –`\Sa˜Sh1 S4 Z1O

`1*WZSf \h1VS,*[*D �* WSa˜ –*–S`* Z*–SjS V\U1™,1 SWS ˜`S a˜,*`S \h1VdU1j \™ +`*V*D �`\hS˜*U SfS \Z™* `*4YSaWS \ \,SY –S˜*[SY*B G˙* WS ad Y\U*\h1VS,*[* \™`*4 a*[*`1[* SWS a˜,*`Z\a˜SH ˙* WS

�1 daV*hS d +`*V–`1 Z1—\ j˜\Z1j˜\ Z1 a*4Z*j\ t,\™*Y*rd V\U1 daV*h1j

ad –\™ d˜Sg*U1Y Y1™SU*E Y\3™* `\Y*Z˜ShZSf eSWY\O,* S V[S—*H ˙* WS –\V*4dUd ™* a*Y da`1™a`101Z Z*\Z\ j˜\ U* ™\+SU*Y \™ +`*V* P Y\3™* ™* \˜VW\ZSYa,\U aZ*3*Z \a1c*U da*YX1Z\a˜SE ™* 4*™\,\XSY a,\OU1 a1Vad*WZ1 –\˜`1+1E ™* –\+\Xj*Y a,\U a˜*˜da Y10d™`dj˜,\YHF �V\ U1 ˜*V\E Y\`*c1j –\h1˜S ™* `*4YSOjX*j d YZ\3SZSD ˙* +S d ˜\Y1 da–1\E Z*,1™S ™,1SWS ˜`S a˜,*`S V\U1 \h1VdU1j ™* c1 +`*V ™\Z1˜S S˜1+S S ˜,\Y +d™dc1Y +`*hZ\Y –*`˜Z1`dD�\Y1Zd˜1 e*Z˜*4SU1 Y\—d j˜1˜Z\ d˜Sg*˜S Z*

+`*hZd a`1cdD ˛*˜\ a1 ˜`d™S ™* \™+*gSj ˜*V,\`*4YSjX*[1 S ™* a˜1VZ1j `1*WZd aWSVd \ +`*VdD�S˜*[* Z* 65:D S 65;D a˜`*ZSE Y\—d +S˜S \™ V\`SOa˜S ˜1+S S ˜,\Y +d™dc1Y 3S,\˜Z\Y a*–d˜ZSVd ™\VSjh1VdU1˜1 Z1j˜\ j˜\ Y\31 +S˜S U1™Z* \™ Z*UW1–OjSf a˜,*`S d3S,\˜dP a`1c*Z +`*VI L�\Z\,X1ZS 4*OV\ZS 68B9C �\aW\,Sg1 9B5<MD

’’ �`*V U1 \4+SX*Z S ,*3*Z V\`*VD�SU1 ,*3Z\ a*Y\ 4Z*˜S dj˜*a1 d–dj˜*j ,1c S a* VSY‘‘ L�WS,1`*M

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� *aVS™ ,141 Y\31 +S˜S –\–d˜™d+\V1 `*Z1D *V\ a1 Y\31j \–\`*,S˜SH

220 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ � Z1VSY 41YX*Y* ,1WSVS –`\g1Z*˜ +`*V\,*4*,`jS a1 `*4,\™\YD "˜* YSaWSjE 4*j˜\ U1˜\ ˜*V\H

˘ \U1 \–*aZ\a˜S a1 V`SUd *V\ dW*4Sj d +`*V a*Y\™* +S –\+1—*\ S4 W\j1 aS˜d*gSU1 d a,\Y ™\YdH

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* a1 ™`3Sj +S+WSUaVSf Y1`SW*d a,\Y +`*VdH

"� � �˚��H

31

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY`*aVS™H

t˙`d3SWS aY\ a1 –1˜ —\™SZ*E * 4*+*,X*WSj1a˜ Y1a1gSD �*™ U1 \™WdhS\ ™* `*aVSZ1EZSU1 a1 d™\a˜\US\ h*V ZS ™* YS ˜\ WShZ\ V*31D�1™Z\a˜*,Z\ U1 –`1VSZd\ a,*VS V\Z˜*V˜a* YZ\YD �a1c*W* a*Y a1 +1a–\Y\cZ\ SaW\YX1Z\D �˜*WZ\ a*Y a1 –S˜*W*B G�™1a*Y –\—`1jSW*HF r L�*f1W*M

221

��˙ ˜1 Y\31 WSjS˜S `*™\a˜S S 4*,S˜S ˜,\U 3SO,\˜ d ˜d—d S \h*UD� �aY\˜`S –`SY1` �1Y*[1 S �d4*OZ1E V\US ad a1 4*+*,X*WS ™,1 —\™SZ1D ˛* ˜\ ,`1Y1 4*SOa˜* ad a1 ,14*WSD �1Y*[* U\U U1 ˜\V\Y ™*Z* aW*\ ��–\`dV1E S4`*3*,*UdcS U\U Xd+*,D �\Z1V*™ U\U U1 ™*O,*\ –\VW\Z1 ™* +S U\U –\V*4*\ ™* YSaWS Z* [dD t�,1VU1 +S\ a–`1Y*Z ™* Y1 a*aWdj* S `*4dY1rE V*31 �d4*OZ*D t�\`1™ [1—* a*Y a1 \a1c*W* –\a1+Z\YDr�aV\`\ ad –\h1WS ™* `*4—\,*`*Ud \ +`*Vd S \ ˜\Y1

—™1 c1 3S,1˜S V*™* a1 ,1Zh*UdD �1Y*[* U1 h*V –S˜*\�d4*Zd 4* ,1WShSZd –`a˜1Z*D � \Z™* U1 \™U1™Z\Y `*OaVSZd\I �d4*Z* U1 +SW* \h*UZ*D �™ j\V* U1 S4Zd˜`*+SW* Y`˜,* S a,1 U1 `*™SW* a*Y\ Y1f*ZShVSD t�SW*a*Y –aSfShVS S eS4ShVS Sag`–X1Z*rE V*31 \Z*D

˛*j˜\ ˜\WSV\ +\WS�V\ aS ™\3S,1W* Z1j˜\ aWShZ\ V*\ �d4*Z*E Y\3™*

a1 –S˜*jB G˙* WS cd a1 SV*™* a*a˜*,S˜SHF �,\U +\W U1`*4dYXS,D G�d+*, U1 U*V* V*\ aY`˜FE Z*–Sa*\ U1 V`*X�\W\Y\Z L�1aY* Z*™ –1aY*Y* <B:MD ˛*˜\ U1 `*aVS™Y\3™* U1™Z* \™ Z*U,1cSf ˜`*dY* V\U1 aS ™\3S,1OW*D � a˜,*`SE Z1VS ad `1VWS ™* ad \a1c*WS V*\ ™* U1™1\ [Sf dY`\D �\3™* h*V –`SY1cdU1j ™* –`\W*4SjV`\4 aW1™1c1 ˜S–ShZ1 e*41 SWS Z1j˜\ aWShZ\B�\`Sg*[1D G�1Y\—dc1 ™* U1 \,\ V`*UD �`1™\YSaWSO

c1 a1 4* ™*ZO™,*DF�1aD G�*V\ U1 Y\—*\ ™* YS ˜\ d`*™SH �1 Y\—d ™* —*

aYSaWSYIF˙1–`1aSU*D G * ZSa*Y

,`1™Z* Xd+*,SD �SV\ Y1ZSV*™* Z1c1 ,\W1˜SDF�`Sf,*˜*[1D G�Sc1 a,1

�D�D *aVS™ U1 +\W*ZE *WS–\W*V\ ™\W*4SY a1+SDF

� �*V\ ad d \,\Y –\—W*,Xd gS˜SO`*Z1 ™1,\UV1E Sa˜* Z*h1W* ,*31 4*\+* –\W*D

222 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*U,1cS +`\U ,14* d˜SZ1Ui1`aV\Y d4`*a˜dZ1 4*,`jS a1 +`*V\YE* \Z1 S4 V\USf S–*V–`\Sa˜1VZ1 +`*V SY*Ud,1WSVd a˜\–d `*4,\™*D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�d4*Z*E V\Ud aY\ –\Y1OZdWS Z* –\h1˜Vd \,\—–\—W*,X*E 4*–Sa*W* U1Z1V1 +S+WSUaV1 a˜Sf\,1S ™`3*W* Sf –`S `dgS™* +S Sf hS˜*W* V*™* U\UU1 +SW\ ˜1jV\D �\3™* S˜S Y\31j ™* dhSZSjSa˜\ a Z1VSY \™ a˜Sf\O,* gS˜S`*ZSf d \,\Y–\—W*,XdD

�˚� �� f`*+`dUdc1 U1 4Z*˜S ™*Y\31j ™\cS d e*4d V*™*c1j –`Sf,*˜S˜S \Z\ j˜\a1 ™1aSW\D �\WSV\ c1 ,`1OY1Z* –`\cS ™\ ˜*™* 4*,SaS\™ +`\UZSf hSZSW*g*E V*\j˜\ ad ™d3SZ* ,141 S ™\OVW1 U1 \Z* Z*–`1™\,*W*D �Y10d,`1Y1ZdE j˜* Y\31jd`*™S˜S 4* a,\U1 aW\YX1Z\a`g1H

�\`*V –\ V\`*V™\ \–\`*,V*�\3™* 4Z*j 4* S4`1Vd ™*

,`1Y1 W1hS a,1 `*Z1D �WSE ˜\ 4* ˜1+1 –\aW1 `*aVS™*Y\—d +S˜S a*Y\ –`*4Z1 `1hSD �\ U1 4+\— ˜\—* j˜\ U1–`\W*4*V ,`1Y1Z* a*Y\ ™1\ `1j1[*D ˙* ˜\ –`SV*O31Y\B �*™* a1 –\a1h1jE `*Z* c1 a ,`1Y1Z\Y 4*g1OWS˜SE *WS a*™* +\WSD �\`*j ™* 4*da˜*,Sj V`,*`1O[1 S d+W*3Sj +\WD �*V\01E Y\`*j ™* –*4Sj ™* Z1™\01 ™\ SZe1VgSU1D �a˜S U1 aWdh*U S a* 1Y\gS\Z*WOZ\Y `*Z\YD �*™* ˜1 +\WSD �WSE –\a˜\U1 V\`*gS V\U1Y\31j –`1™d41˜S ™* +S d+W*3SW* +\W S a–`1hSW*™* a1 ˜*V,* `*Z* SZeSgS`* \—\`h1Z\jcdD `1Y1

c1 dhSZS˜S a,\U1E *WS S ˜S ˜`1+*™* dhSZSj a,\U ™1\D �\Vdj*UaW1™1c1B

�*aVS™ U1 –\–d˜ `*Z1P +\WSE *WS c1a ,`1Y1Z\Y –`\cS

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY `*aVS™H 223

224 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙* WS ˜S U1 +S,jS ™1hV\ `1V*\ `*4W\— 4* `*aVS™H �V\U1a˜1E 4*–SjS ˜\ j˜\ U1 `1V*\ +14 \+4S`* Z* ˜\ ™* WSaY*˜`*j ™* U1 \–`*,™*Z\D

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

"˜* YSaWSjE ™* WS ad Y\3™* –\a˜\U*WS U\j Z1VS`*4W\4SH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

*™* a*™* a*—W1™*j a˜,*`SE ™* WS aS Y\—W* dhSZS˜SZ1j˜\ j˜\ +S ™\,1W\ ™\ ™`d—*hSU1— Saf\™*H �V\ U1aSEj˜* U1 ˜\H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˙* WS aS S4 \,\— SaVda˜,* d,S™1W* Z* h1Yd +S Y\—W*™* `*™Sj V*V\ +S –\a˜*W* ™df\,Z\ S 1Y\gS\Z*WZ\4`1WSU*H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

�V\ +S –\h1W* Z\,d ,14dE ™* WS +S d Z1h1Yd –\a˜d–SW*™`d—*hSU1H

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

j˜* Y\—d Z*dhS˜S S4 `*aVS™*H

˘ �1Y\U –\˜SaVS,*˜S \a1c*[*D �1Y* ZSj˜* W\Oj1 d ˜\Y1 ™* a1 ™\+`\ Sa–W*h1jD �* V`*Ud V`*U1O,*E �S+WSU* V*31 ™* –\a˜\US t,`1Y1 V*™ a1 –W*h1r St,`1Y1 V*™ a1 ˜d—dU1r L�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B5E 8MD �d41 ZSad4Z*V aW*+\a˜SD �*V U1 S f`*+`S `*˜ZSV ˙*,S™E V*™*U1 +S\ d –\a1+Z\ ˜1jV\Y 1Y\gS\Z*WZ\Y a˜*[dE –`SO4Z*\B t�,d Z\c ad4*Y* –\a˜1Xd a,\Ud V,*aSYE S Z*O˜*–*Y W13*U a,\Ur L�a*W*Y :B:MD

˘ �`SZS \ a,\Y 4™`*,XdD 13+*[1 S \™—\,*`*UdOc* Saf`*Z* –\Y\cS c1 ˜S ™* \+Z\,Sj aZ*—d S4—dO+X1Zd daW1™ 1Y\gS\Z*WZ1 Sag`–X1Z\a˜SD G�1W1OaZ\ ,13+*[1 V\`Sa˜SFE V*31 �S+WSU* L5D �SY\˜1Ud8B<MD�* V\U* –\™`dhU* +SY\—W* ™* \+`*˜Sj–*3[d V*™*

U1 d –S˜*[d ˜,\U1 4™`*,X1H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ �d™S *V˜S,Z*D �1Y\U –`1a˜*˜S ™* `*™Sj a˜,*O`S V\U1 ,\WSjD �*™* U1 ,Sj1 Z1—\ SV*™* ,*3Z\ ™* a1Z1 \a*YXdU1j L�\aW\,Sg1 5<B5MD ˙`d31[1 a* \a\+*OY* V\USY* U1 a˜*W\ ™\ ˜1+1 –\Y\cS c1 ˜S ™* a1 da`1™Oa`1™Sj Z* –\4S˜S,Z1 a˜,*`SD�\U1 gSX1,1 Y\31j a1+S –\a˜*,S˜SH

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

= t��1f\,* W1hS \Z1 V\US ad aW\YX1Z\—a`g*E S –`1,SU* [Sf\,1 +\WZ1 `*Z1r

L�a*W*Y 58;B7M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY `*aVS™H 225

˙* +Sf –\aW1 `*aVS™* Z*a˜*,SW* ™*edZVgS\ZSj1YE U* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

�* h1Yd +Sf Y\—W* ™* `*™SY j˜\ YSY\31 V\`Sa˜S˜S d aW1™1c\U ,14S

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1W* ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˘ �4Z1aS a,\U* \a1c*[* d Y\WS˜,SD �\ U1 –\Z1V*™˜1jV\D �\aW1 `*aVS™*E Z1VS h*V aY*˜`*Ud ™* Sf U1�\— S4Z1,1`S\D �ZS YSaW1B G�\aW1 ˜\WSV\ Y\WS˜,S™* –`\Z*01Y Z1V\—*E ,S™S j˜* a1 a*™* ™\—\™SW\IFL�a*W*Y 5>B5MD �WSE ™* WS +S +SW\ Sa–`*,Z\ aY*˜`*O˜S �\—* +`*hZSY –\a`1™ZSV\YH �*a,SY aS—d`Z\ Z1+SD �*V\01E \Z ZSU1 \™—\,\`*Z ZS V*™* U1™Z* a˜`*Z*31WS ™* \V\Zh* ,14dD �\31Y\ +S˜S –\˜–dZ\ d,1`1OZS d aW1™1c1 `1hSB t�Z +`SZ1 4* ,*ar L5D �1˜`\,*9B;MD ˛*˜\ Yd d Y\WS˜,S –\,1`S a,* a,\U* \a1c*[*D�S+WSU* V*31B t�4Z1aS˜1 a,\U1 Y\W+1 �\—dD � �\3USYS` V\US –`1,*4SW*4S a,*VS dY hd,*c1 ,*j* a`g* S,*j1 YSaWS –`1V\ �`Sa˜* �ada*r L�SWS–X*ZSY*8B:E ;MD˛* V\U1 a1 V\ZV`1˜Z1 a˜,*`S Y\31j Y\WS˜S 1f\O

,S ™\V Z*a˜\USj ™* a1 \–\`*,Sj \™ `*aVS™*H

ı ..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

˘ "˜* aS \ a1+S Z*dhSW* S4 –`\jW1 ,141H

˘ "˜* aS Z*dhSW* \ ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdH

"� � �˚��H

�W*,d —\`1I�*V\Z j˜\ –`\01 Z1V\ ,`1Y1 S `*Z* 4*g1WSE +SW\

+S ™\+`\ ™* `*4YSaWSj \ \Z\Y1 j˜\ a1 ™\—\™SW\ d+S,j\U ,14SD �*™* +d™1j a–`1YZ*E Y\3™* c1 ˜S V\O`Sa˜S˜S ™* 4*–Sj1j a,\U1 \™—\,\`1 Z* –S˜*[* V\U*a1 Z*W*41 d \V,S`d t"˜* a*Y Z*dhSW* S4 `*aVS™*HrZ* 668D a˜`*ZSD�*3*W\a˜E ˜,\U1 4*+*,X*[1 a1 ZSU1 4*,`jSW\ \Z*O

V\ V*V\ aS \h1VS,*W*D �WS d–*Y˜S aW1™1c1B �*V\ U1da`1™ \WdU1 ,S™1˜S a*Y\ Y`*hZ\ Z1+\ S VSjdD �*S–*VE VSj* Z* V`*Ud a˜*Z1 S Z1+\ a1 `*4,1™`SD ˙1O,\UV1 V\U1 ad gS˜S`*Z1 d \,\Y hW*ZVd a ,`1Y1Z\Y ad–`1+`\™SW1 ˜*U ˜13*V –1`S\™ S Z*a˜*,SW1 ™*X1D �\c1j aS—d`Z\ Y\cS S ˜SI

’’ � –`\W*aV\Y ,`1Y1Z*E a˜,*`S –\hZ1jU*aZSU1 a*—W1™*,*˜SD �\W*V\ ,Sj1 ZSaS–\™ ˜\WSVSY 1Y\˜S,ZSY Z*+\U1YE ˜*V\™* Z* aS˜d*gSUd Y\31j —W1™*˜S\+U1V˜S,ZSU1 S ,S™1˜S a,1˜W\ Z* V`*Ud˜dZ1W*D �*™*X1E Y\31j ™\a˜* ˜\—* Z*dhS˜S\ a1+S Sj˜*31WSj \™ a,\— +d™dc1—+`*hZ\— ™`d—*D �*V\01 4Z*j Z*j˜* ™*–*4Sj ™* a1 ˜*V\ Z1j˜\ Z1 +S –\Z\,SW\d +d™dcZ\a˜S‘‘ L�\`SZ*M

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� \U1 V\`*V1 Y\31j–`1™d41˜S ™* +S a1 4*j˜S˜SW* \™ a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[*H

�*V\ ™* –`1+\WSY `*aVS™H 227

˙�� ,W*™* –`*,* 1–S™1YSU* a1Vad*WZ\— Z*aSX* SYW*™S ad h1a˜\ Y1˜* Z*–*™*D� �1V*™* ad Z*–*™*hS–\˜–dZS a˜`*ZgS V*\ d aWdh*Ud �Z1˜D �1V*™* ad d –SO˜*[d \a\+1 S4 V\YjSWdV*D �\ U1 +SW\ d aWdh*Ud �*O˜*WSD �*™* U1 SY*W* 5> —\™SZ*E a1Vad*WZ\ Ud U1 4W\Oa˜*,X*\ U1™*Z ˜SZ1Ui1` V\US U1 3S,1\ +WS4d [1Z1Vdc1D t�SW* a*Y ˜*V\ –`1–W*j1Z* S \a`*Y\c1Z* ™*d –`,S Y*f ZSV\Y ZSa*Y `1VW*rE V*31 \Z*D

� � \,\Y –\—W*,XdE hS˜*\gd a1 \+`*c*Y\ d 31ZaV\Y `\™dE Y*™*a1 SZe\`Y*gSU1 \™Z\a1 Z* \+* –\W*D

32

�*V\ ™* a1 4*j˜S˜SY\™ a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[*H

�,*V1 —\™SZ1E YSWS\ZS –\a˜*Ud 3`˜,1 aSW\,*[*SWS ™`d—Sf \+WSV* a1Vad*WZ\— 4W\a˜*,X*[*D�a˜`*3S,*[* –\V*4dUd ™* ad YW*™S —W*,Z* Y1˜*D�* –`SY1`E –`\g1[dU1 a1 ™* ad \V\ –\W\,SZ1 3`˜*,*aSW\,*[* d �U1™S[1ZSY ˙`3*,*Y* \a\+1 Sa–\™5< —\™SZ*D ˛+\— ˜*V,1 `*jS`1Z\a˜S a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[*E ,*3Z\ U1 ™* \aY\˜`Sj \,d ˜1YdD

t˛—`*+S\ Y1 U1 S +*gS\ Z* 41YXd –`1 Z1—\ j˜\a*Y af,*˜SW* j˜* a1 ™\—*0*D �,1 a*Y –`\+*W*V*V\ +Sf a1 \™+`*ZSW*D �*V a*Y S4,*™SW* S+S+1` a–`1U S f˜1W* ™* Yd –\j–`Sg*Y d \hSE*WS \Z YS —* U1 S4+S\ S4 `dV1D �\Vdj*W* a*Y ™*,`Sj˜SYE *WS Y1 U1 —W*a S4™*\D �d`*W* a*Y —*Ed™*`*W* S —`1+*W*D \Z™* a*Y \a1˜SW* d+\™Z\3*D �\˜–dZ\ a*Y a1 \™d41W*r LZ1˜M

228 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�Z\—S YW*™S ™\3S,1 4W\a˜*,X*[1 d –\`\™SgSDt�™ Y\U1 9D ™\ 56D —\™SZ1E 4W\a˜*,X*\ Y1 U1 \˜*grEV*31 31Z* –\ SY1Zd �*`Y1ZD t�\Z*hZ\ a*Y a* 6> —\O™SZ*da–1W* ™* —* ad\hSY a ˜SYD 1V*\ U1 ™* Yd U1 3*\E™* +S Y1 –\aW1 a*Y\ Z1V\WSV\ Y1a1gS S4+*gS\ S4Vdc1Dr˛*+`S[*,*Udc1 U1 V\WSV\ U1 ™*Z*a d\+Sh*U1Z\ ™*

4W\a˜*,X*hS +d™d V\YjSU1E –`SU*˜1XS SWS hW*Z\O,S –\`\™Sg1D� �WS ad`\,\a˜ –`1Y* YW*™SY* ZSU1 Z\O,SU1— ™*˜dY*D �Z* U1 –\a˜\U*W* h*V S d ,`1Y1 V*™* U1�S+WSU* –Sa*Z* L \SW\ 7B7C �*˜1U 6B5:MD ˙*Z*a ad4*Sa˜* ˜1jV* ,`1Y1Z*D �Z\—S ad G+14\a1c*UZS –`1OY* ™`d—SY*F S d\+Sh*U1Z\ U1 ™* ™1,\UhSg1 Lh*V S ™1Oh*gSM +d™d a1Vad*WZ\ 4W\a˜*,X*ZS L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5OO7MD �*V\ \–`14 Z1 —*`*Z˜dU1 –\˜–dZd +14+1™Z\a˜ES–*V –\a˜\US ™\a˜* ˜\—* j˜\ Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* +Sa1 4*j˜S˜SW*D �4YS d \+4S` aW1™1c1 a*,1˜1D�d™S \–`14Z*D �*™ S4*01j S4 Vdc1E ,\™S `*hdZ* \

˜\Y1 j˜* a1 ™1j*,* Sa–`1™ ˜1+1E S4* ˜1+1 S Z* \+1a˜`*Z1D ˛* Z1V1 dWSg1 a1 4Z* ™* ad \–*aZ1E –\—\˜\,\Z\cdD �\WSV\ U1 —\™ Y\—dc1E S4+1—*,*U ˜*V,* Y1a˜*SWS a1 +*`1Y Z1Y\U V`1˜*˜S a*Y* L�\aW\,Sg1 6;B56MD�1Y\U \™*,*˜S –\—`1j*Z d˜Sa*VD �4+1—*,*U

eW1`˜\,*[1 S –`\,\V*˜S,Z\ \™1,*[1D �\31 a1 a˜1OcS d˜Sa*V ™* aS 4*SZ˜1`1a\,*Z* 4* a1Va SWS ™* +*O`1Y Z1Y*j ZSj˜* –`\˜S, L5D �SY\˜1Ud 6B=E 5>MD�\a˜*,S U*aZ1 —`*ZSg1D �V\WSV\ a1 4*+*,X*jE

`*4—\,*`*U a ™1hV\Y \ ˜\Y1 j˜* U1 –`Sf,*˜XS,\ –\OZ*j*[1E * j˜* Z1–`Sf,*˜XS,\D� �*™* U1™Z\Y –\Oa˜*,Sj —`*ZSg1E Z1Y\U a1 S4W*—*˜S Z14—\™ZSY aSO˜d*gSU*Y* d V\USY* Y\31j +S˜S 4W\a˜*,X*Z*L�\aW\,Sg1 57B5>MD

� �\a˜\U1 S aWdh*U1,S V*™* YW*™Sc aSWdU1 ™1,\UVd a V\U\Y a1 4*O+*,X*E ˜*V\j˜\ U1 –`SY\`* Z* \™Z\a1 SWS U1 –`,\ ™`\—S`* –* \Z™*aSWdU1D� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 8D –\O

—W*,XdD

�*V\ ™* a1 4*j˜S˜SY \™ a1Vad*WZ\— 4W\a˜*,X*[*H 229

�1VS Z1 V\`Sa˜1 eS4ShVd aSWd ™* +S –`SY\`*WS ™1O,\UV1 Z* a1VaE ,1c WdV*,\ S—`*Ud Z* [Sf\,* \a1c*[*D *V\H �*V\ j˜\ SY —\,\`1 a˜,*`S –\–d˜B t�*E a,S ˜\`*™1rE t�SV\ Z1c1 a*4Z*˜Sr SWSE V*\ j˜\ U1 –\Y1Zd˜\ d68D –\—W*,Xd \,1 V[S—1B t˙* Y1 ,\WSjE d`*™SW* +S ˜\Dr�1Y\U ™\–da˜S˜S ™* ˜1 +SW\ V\US ™1hV\ Z*,1™1 ™* –\O—`1jZ\ YSaWSj ™* U1 a1Va Sa˜\ j˜\ S Xd+*,D � a˜,*`SE\Z*U V\ YSaWS ˜*V\ a*Y\ Z*a˜\US ™* 4*™\,\XS a,\U1 a1O+ShZ1 31X1D �Z Z1 YSaWS ZS Z* ˜1+1 ZS Z* ˜,\U1 ™\+`\D˛* `*4WSVd \™ [1—*E –`*,S YdjV*`*g c1 a˜*,X*˜S ˜,\Ud™\+`\+S˜ Sa–`1™ a,\USf SZ˜1`1a* S SY*c1 aZ*—1 ™* a1™`3S �\3USf Y\`*WZSf Y1`SW* L5D \`SZc*ZSY*5>B68MD �`*,S YdjV*`*g Z1c1 ˜`1˜S`*˜S ™1,\UVd V*\\+U1V*˜ 4* 4*™\,\X*,*[1 a,\USf a1Vad*WZSf 31X*D �Y1Oa˜\ ˜\—*E \Z c1 GYW*01 31Z1 —W1™*˜S V*\ a1a˜`1 P a*a,\Y h1a˜S˜\jcdF L5D �SY\˜1Ud 9B5E 6MD

t*V\ Y1 ,\WSjDDDr

�1Y\U cd˜*˜SD �1Y* ZSj˜* W\j1 *V\ \™a1hZ\ V*O31jB t�`1a˜*ZS a ˜SYIrE SWS t�1 ™\™S`dU Y1Ir �1Y\Ua1 da˜`dh*,*˜S S4 a˜`*f* ™* c1j S4—d+S˜S ™1hV*D �V\4+\— ˜\—* `*aVSZ1 a ˜\+\YE \Z™* S ZSU1 ,`1™*Z ™* +d™1˜,\U ™1hV\I �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E 4*aWd3dU1j Y\YV* V\USc1 –\j˜\,*˜S S ˜,\U1 ˜1W\ S ˜,\U1 –`SZgS–1D�d™S \–`14Z* ™\V aS Z* SZ˜1`Z1˜dD �SV*™*

Z1Y\U ™*,*˜S SZe\`Y*gSU1SWS a˜*,X*˜S e\˜\—`*eSU1Z* \aZ\,d V\USf a1 Y\31 a*O4Z*˜S —™1 3S,SjD� �V\WSOV\ –`SYSj –`\,\V*˜S,Zd–\`dVd Z1Y\`*WZ\— a*™`O

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YSY\31j Z*cS d 6D ˜\YdE 55D –\—W*O,XdD

230 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

� �U1™S[1ZSY ˙`3*,*OY*E ,Sj1 \™ => –\a˜\Y*W\W1˜ZSV* V\US ad+SWS 3`˜,1 a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[* –\4Z*Ud\Z\— V\ Sf U1 Z*–*\D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�V\WSV\ aS +SW* 3`˜,*a1Vad*WZ\— 4W\a˜*,X*O[*E Z*–SjS a1+S Z1V1d˜1jZ1 a˜Sf\,1D �\—d˜\ +S˜S �a*W*Y 7;B6<C8:B5C 55<B9O=C �\aW\O,Sg1 5;B5;C �SWS–X*OZSY* 8B:E ;D

�˚� ��

3*U*E Z*U+\X1 U1 ™* d\–j˜1 Z1 \™—\,\`SjD �*™* Z1Y*\™—\,\`*E ,1cSZ*Y*ZSU*V* a* SZ˜1`Z1˜* Z1 Y\31 ˜SZSj˜*D�`1˜f\™Z\ Z*,1™1ZS V\`*gS Y\—d +S˜S ™\+`1 –`1O

,1Z˜S,Z1 Y1`1 L�\aW\,Sg1 66B7MD �10d˜SYE Z1c1jd,1V Y\cS +S`*˜S a,\U1 \V\WZ\a˜SD �* –`SY1`E Z1Oc1j d,1V SY*˜S Z1V\— –\`1™ a1+1 S Z1c1j d,1V Y\cSS4+1cS \–*aZ* Y1a˜*D �\31 +S˜S ™* h*V S 3S,Sj dZ1V\Y \–*aZ\Y V`*UdD�\3™* aS S4 Z1V\— —\`V\— SaVda˜,* af,*˜SW* ™* a1

W\j1 a˜,*`S ™1j*,*Ud d–`V\a ˜\Y1j˜\ Z*a˜\USj ™*a1 VW\ZSj –`\+W1Y*D �\–d˜ �Z1˜E gS˜S`*Z1 d d,\O™dE Y\3™* aS S4Z1Z*™* +SW* df,*c1Z* S a*,W*™*Z*D�WS aS –\–d˜ �*`Y1Z V*\ ™1˜1 +SW* 3`˜,* 4W\a˜*O,X*[*E ˜*V\ ™* ZSaS Y\—W* ZSj˜* –`1™d41˜S SWSh*V ZSaS Y\—W*d –\˜–dZ\a˜S af,*˜S˜Sj˜* a1 ™1j*O,*D �*V\ a1 Y\31j S4+\`S˜S a V`S,Sg\Y V\U* h1Oa˜\ YdhS 3`˜,1 a1Vad*WZ\—4W\a˜*,X*[*H

�aW\+\™S˜S a1V`S,Sg1�Z1˜ a1 U\j d,1V +\`S

a* \a1c*[1Y V`S,Sg1 4+\—\Z\— j˜\ a1 ™\—\™SW\D t *a*Y a*Y* a1+S Z*U—\`S Z1O–`SU*˜1XrE V*31 \Z*D t�˜*WOZ\ ,`˜SY d —W*,S ˜\ j˜\ YSa1 ™1aSW\D �a1c*Y ™* U1 ˜`1O+*W\ ™* a1 ,Sj1 +\`SYD �WSE

=t� –\aW1™[SY ™*ZSY* Z*a˜*c1 Z*`\hS˜\

˜1jV* ,`1Y1Z*D �1` Xd™S c1 +S˜Sa1+ShZSDDD +14\a1c*UZS –`1Y* ™`d—SY*DDDZ1\+d4™*ZSE \V`d˜ZSE +14 Xd+*,S –`1Y*

™\+`\˜Sr L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5O7M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�*V\ ™* a1 4*j˜S˜SY \™ a1Vad*WZ\— 4W\a˜*,X*[*H 231

hS[1ZSg* U1 ™* a*Y Z*V\Z d+\™* Z\31Y +SW* –*`*WSOa*Z* \™ a˜`*f*D �Sa*Y Y\—W* ZSj˜* ,Sj1 ™* dhSZSYE* S–*V \a1c*Y ™* U1 ˜`1+*W\Dr��*˜*WS a1 +\`S a* \a1c*[1Y V`S,Sg1D t�SU1 ˜`1O

+*W\ ™* +d™1Y ˜*V\ Z*S,Z*rE V*31 \Z*D t�\US `\™SO˜1XS ad a1a˜`S S Y1ZS —\,\`SWS ™* a1 Z*–\Xd d,1VS—`*Y\ 4*U1™Z\E *WS U* ZSa*Y aWdj*W*D �SaWSY ™*a*Y ˜\Y ™1hVd ™*W* –`SWSVd ™* Y1 –\,`1™SD �\ j˜\a1 ™1aSW\ Z*Z1W\ U1 +\W Y\U\U –\`\™SgS S U* a1 \a1Oc*Y V`S,\Y 4+\— ˜\—*D �\ YS Z*U˜131 –*™*Dr�V\ a1 –\–d˜ �Z1˜ SWS �*˜*WS S ˜S +\`Sj a* \a1O

c*[1Y V`S,Sg1E V*V\ a1 Y\31j S4+\`S˜SH �*\–`,\E U*V\ U1 ,*3Z\ ™* 4*™`3Sj d YSaWSY* ™* U1 aSOW\,*[1 +SW\ –`\˜S, ˜,\U1 ,\X1D �1VS dY*[dUd \4O+SXZ\a˜ ˜\—* V\`Sa˜1cS S4`*41 –\–d˜B t�*E ˜*V,S adYdjV*`gSr SWS —\,\`1 ™* ad 3`˜,1 a*Y1 V`S,1 j˜\ad +SW1 aSW\,*Z1D �WS ZSV\ Z1 4*aWd3dU1 ™* +d™1 aSOW\,*ZI �V\ aS S ˜S +SW*3`˜,* ˜\— —ZdaZ\— hSZ*E 4Z*U™* ZSaS ZSj˜* V`S,*I�*`*,Z\E W*V\ U1 –`\hS˜*˜S S4U*,d tZSaS ZSj˜*

V`S,*rE *WS U1 YZ\—\ ˜131 ˜\ –`Sf,*˜S˜SD �1VS a,1—d˜*Ud d a1+S S 4*˜\ Sf V`S,Sg* S ™`d—* Z1—*˜S,Z*\a1c*[* `*4*`*UdD �10d˜SYE V\Y1 \™—\,*`* ™* ˜\™`3Sj d a1+S P ˜1+S SWS \Z\Y V\ ˜1 U1 4W\a˜*,X*\H˛+\— a,\— WShZ\— ™\+`*E `*4YSaWS S \ aW1™1c\U \–OgSUSD

�\,1`S a1� �S+WSUS a˜\US ™* U1 Z* ,`fdZgd a,\U1 ˜1aV\+1E

–`*,1™ZS \, `1V*\B t�˜,\`1Z\ cd S4`*4S˜S +`S—dV\Ud \a1c*Y 4+\— a˜*[* a,\—D �\,\`Scd d —\`hSZS

’’ 1\Y* U1 ˜1jV\ —\,\`S˜S \ 4W\a˜*,X*[dE*WS ˜\ U1 Z1j˜\ Z*U+\X1j˜\ Y\31jd`*™S˜SD �*4—\,\` ˜S –\Y*31 ™* \™*—Z*j˜d—d S Xd˜[d S ™* –\Z\,\ a˜*Z1jZ* a,\U1 Z\—1‘‘ L�*˜*WSM

232 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

™dj1 a,\U1r L \, 5>B5MD ˙\+`\ U1 ™* S ˜S dhSZSj ˜*V\Z1j˜\D *4—\,\` a Z1VSY d V\— SY*j–\,1`1[* Y\31˜S –\Y\cS ™* a1 S4+\`Sj a –\aW1™Sg*Y* aSW\,*[*S \W*Vj*j a,\Ud –*˜[dD� a˜,*`SE dV\WSV\ aS �,1™\VE ,*3Z\ U1 ™* \ ˜\Y1

j˜\ a1 ™1aSW\ `*4—\,*`*j a Z1VSY aVd–j˜SZaVSYa˜*`1jSZ\YD �˜1jZ1 `1hS Z1V\— +`S3Z\— –*a˜S`*Y\—d ˜1 d,1`S˜S ™* aS ˜S3`˜,* aSW\,*[* S ™* aS Z1O™d3Z*E * ™* U1 ™`d—* \a\+* –\OhSZSW* —`1fD �\ U1 af,*˜SW*S �Z1˜D �Z* V*31B t�\,1O`SW* a*Y a1 +WSaV\U –`SU*O˜1XSgS S \Z* Y1 U1 –\™Oa˜*VW* ™* –\`*4—\,*`*Y a*aVd–j˜SZaVSY a˜*`1jSZ*OY*D ˙`*—\ YS U1 j˜\ a*YU1 –\aWdj*W*D �ZS ad Z1OV\WSV\ –d˜* `*4—\,*`*WS

�a1c*[* Z*V\Z4W\a˜*,X*[* Y\—d+S˜S –`1˜1jV* ™*Sf a*Y* Z\aSjD˛*j˜\ Z1 ™\–da˜Sj™* ˜S Z1V\ –\Y\—Z1H

�*™* \a1˜SY V`S,Sgd 4+\— \Z\— j˜\ a1 ™1aSW\EU* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1W* ™* –S˜*Y`\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˘ ˛*j˜\ U1 ™\+`\ ™* a1 –\,1`Sj Z1V\Y ™* aS +SW*4W\a˜*,X*Z*H

˘ "˜* +S a1 Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S S ˜1+S S ™`d—SY* *V\ +S˜\ ™`3*W* d a1+SH

"� � �˚��H

a* YZ\Y S `1VWS YS +*j \Z\ j˜\ YS U1 +SW\ –\˜`1+OZ\ P ™* ZSa*Y V`S,* 4* \Z\ j˜\ a1 ™1aSW\D ˙* ZS 4*j˜* ZSa*Y V`S,*Dr�V\ V*31j j˜* a1 ™1aSW\ S S4Z1a1j a,\U* \a1c*O

[*E ˜\ c1 ˜1 a*hd,*˜S \™ –\aW1™Sg* —Z1,* S \—\`h1OZ\a˜S L�a*W*Y 7;B<MD �*V\01 c1j \a1˜S˜S \W*Vj*[1EY\3™* –`,S –d˜ –\aW1 ,Sj1 —\™SZ*D �*˜*WS U1 ˜\ \a1O˜SW*E Z*V\Z j˜\ a1 –\,1`SW* `\™S˜1XSY* ™* U1 +SW*4W\a˜*,X*Z*D t�ZS ad Y1 –\™`3*WSrE V*31 \Z*D t�\™Oa˜*VWS ad Y1 ™* a1 \˜,\`SY S –\Y\—WS YS ™* Z1 +d™1Y˜\WSV\ Z1a`1cZ* S Xd˜*Dr �*˜*WS U1 ˜*V\01 Z*jW*d˜1fd d Y\WS˜,SD t�\WS˜,* �\—d YS U1 –\Y\—W* Z*`\OhS˜\ d ˜`1ZdgSY* V*™* YS U1 +SW\ ˜1jV\ ™* `*4—\,*O`*Y a +SW\ VSY ™`d—SYD �*™* a1 Y\WSYE —\,\`SY S4a`g*D �\ YS 4*Sa˜* ™*U1 YS` S a–\V\Ua˜,\Dr�� ˜S Y\3™* d,S0*j ™* –\a˜\US t,`1Y1 V*™ a1 W1hSr

L�`\–\,1™ZSV 7B7MD �aW\ZS a1 Z* –`SU*˜1X1 V\US \™O—\,*`*Ud\–Sad a˜*`1jSZ*E V\US ad –\–d˜ G4*VW\Z* \™,1˜`* S d˜\hSj˜* \™ \WdU1F L�a*SU* 76B6MD \™S `*OhdZ* \ a,\Y ˜1Wd S 1Y\gSU*Y*D ˙\,\XZ\ a1 \™Y*`*UD� j˜\ U1 Z*U,*3ZSU1E \aW\ZS a1 Z* 1f\,dE �\—* a,*OV1 d˜1f1D �Z c1 daV\`\ da–\a˜*,S˜S Z\,S a,1˜ d V\Yc1 +S˜S GSa˜`1+X1ZS \ZS V\US 4W\ hSZ1E * \ZS V\USa1 d [1—* d4™*Ud –\a1™\,*c1 41YXdF L�a*W*Y 7;B=MD

� �\Z1V*™ 3`˜,1 4W\a˜*,X*[* –*™Zd d \4+SXZd ™1–`1aSUdD �*™*+S Y\3™* +SW\ Yd™`\ –\a*,1˜\,*˜S a1 a W1V*`1YD Sj1 SZe\`Y*OgSU* \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ a1 S4+\`S˜S a Z1—*˜S,ZSY \a1c*[SY* Y\31jZ*cS d 57D S 58D –\—W*,Xd \,\— ˜\Y*D

234 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*–SjS ˜`S –`SZgS–* V\USf aS \™Wdh*Z ™* a1 ™`3SjD�*–SjS S 4*j˜\ YSaWSj ™* U1 a,*VS \™ [Sf Yd™*`D�

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV4˚�E ��

� �* –`SY1`E t�1cd a–*,*˜S ZS a* VSY –`1 +`*V* S ,1`dU1Y ™* U1 ˜\Z*U+\XS –d˜ U1`DDDr *3Z\ U1 ™* ˜\ +d™1 \™`*4 ˜,\USf Y\`*WZSf ,`1™Z\Oa˜SE * Z1 ˜d0SfD

5D

6D

7D

ı

235

5��˙˚�� "��˚

23

7�dj1[1

24

6�WV\f\W

25

2˙`\—*

33

�\WSV\ 4Z*Y\ –dj1[dH

�˜*,S 4Z*V � Sa–`1™a,*V1 a˜*,V1 4*V\Ud YSaWSj ™*\–SadU1 ˜1+1D

O �*™\4Z*\ a*YDO �\™ a˜`1a\Y a*YDO ˝1WSY ™* +d™1Y –`Sf,*c1ZDO �\cd ™* aY`j*YD

ı

237

�� aS \4Z*hS\ +SW\ V\Ud \™ Z*,1™1ZSf a˜*,VSE \Z™*SY*j Z1j˜\ 4*U1™ZShV\ a ,`j[*gSY* V\US –dj1 SWS`*4YSjX*Ud \ ˜\Y1D� �* –`SY1`B˛*™\,\XS˜S `*™\4Z*W\a˜D t�S˜*W* a*Y a1 V*V\ ˜\

S4—W1™*D ˛*˜\ a*Y d41W* gS—*`1˜d \™ ™`d—*`Sg1 S4jV\W1E a*V`SW* a1 d U1™*Z c\j*V S 4*–*WSW*r L�`1UOaSMD�˜`1a S –\˜`1+* 4* –`Sf,*˜*[1YD t�W*™S d jV\WS

V\US –dj1 V*3dB G�\`*Y \™Y*f ™* 4*–*WSYFE * \Z™* V*™–\,dVd ™SYO™,* V*3dB G˚E a*™ YS U1 W*Vj1IF �*™* YS U1˜1jV\E S U* 31WSY ™* d`*™SY ˜\ Sa˜\r L�SV\WSZ*MD�Y`j*˜SD t�1V1 gd`1 –dj1 ™* +S +SW1 ,S˜V1D �\ U1

YZ\—\ W*Vj1 Z1—\ ™`3*˜S ™SU1˜dIr L�*Y*Z˜*MD�WS –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ 4*–*WSjE +SW\ ™* U1 ˜\ –`,S –d˜

SWS ™* ,1c Z1V\ ,`1Y1 –djSjE a˜*ZS S `*4YSaWSD �1OY\U +S˜S –\–d˜ `S+1 V\U* a1 d–1g* Z* d™SgdD �a˜SOZ*E \Z* Y\31 +S˜S Z*—`*01Z* dVdaZSY 4*W\—*U1YE *WSZ* V`*Ud ˜\ –W*˜S —W*,\YI ˛*˜\ –\aWdj*U +S+WSUaVS

� �*V\ a1 d\,\Y –\—W*,Xd`*4Y*˜`* –dj1[1gS—*`1˜*E Sa˜S –`\O+W1YS S \–*aZ\a˜S \™Z\a1 a1 S Z* 3,*V*[1 ™d,*Z*D

"˜* 4*–`*,\ 4Z*j \ –dj1[dH

�4Z*hS a,*Vd S4U*,d V*\ ˜*hZd SWS Z1˜*hZdD

5D �dj1[1 aY*[dU1 a˜`1aDı

O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

6D �\—dc1 U1 Z1 d,W*hS˜S ™SYD O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

7D �dj1[1 Z1 d˜Sh1Z* 4™`*,X1 ™\V aS YW*™D O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

8D � gS—*`1˜\Y S4—W1™*Y–`S,W*hZSU1 ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdD O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

9D V\ –djSYE ˜\ U1 Y\U* WShZ*a˜,*`E U1` ˜\ j˜1˜S a*Y\ Y1ZSD O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

:D �\—d U1 a,1U1™Z\ ™* WS–djSY SWS Z1D O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

238 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

a*,1˜ S V\`Sa˜S 4™`*, `*4dY L6D �1˜`\,* 7B5MD �™—\O,\`S Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*D

�™—\,\`S5D �1˜*hZ\D �*V\ –dj1[1 ˜`1Zd˜Z\ aY*[dU1 Z*–1O

˜\a˜ V\U* Z*a˜*U1 4+\— –\˜`1+1 4* gS—*`1˜\YE Z*dhZSOgS ad \˜V`SWS ™* ZSV\˜SZ 4*–`*,\ –\,1c*,* ZS,\f\`Y\Z* a˜`1a*D6D �1˜*hZ\D �1V1 a˜d™SU1 –\V*4dUd ™* –`1V\ <> –\O

a˜\ h1a˜Sg* ™d,*ZaV\— ™SY* \a˜*U1 d ˜,\Y ˜1WdD7D �1˜*hZ\D �*V\ a ,`1Y1Z\Y `S4SgS \™ –dj1[* `*O

a˜dE Z1V1 –\aW1™Sg1 Y\31j \a1c*˜S ,1c a*™*D �1VS –\Oa˜*Zd 4*,SaZSgS Z*V\Z –`,1 gS—*`1˜1D �Y*[dU1 a1 V*O–*gS˜1˜ –Wdc* S ™\+SU* a1 V*j*X V\US ˜1jV\ –`\W*4SD�\3* U1 aVW\ZSU* +\`*Y* S –`1,`1Y1Z\Y a˜*`1[dD �dOj1[1 Z1—*˜S,Z\ d˜Sh1 S Z*`1–`\™dV˜S,Zd a–\a\+Z\a˜E™\,\™S ™\ Z*–*™* –*ZSV1 S™1–`1aSU1D8D �1˜*hZ\D �a˜`*3S,*h

�\U™ !\Za˜\Z U1 da˜*Z\O,S\ ™* ˜SZ1Ui1`S V\US –dOj1 tZ*Uh1jc1 S4—W1™*Ud+14 ,141 ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdrD9D �1˜*hZ\D ˛+\— –*aS,Z\—

–dj1[* dY`1 fSX*™1 Xd™Sa,*V1 —\™SZ1D �Z\ jV\™S˜,\U\U –\`\™SgSE ˜,\USY –`SOU*˜1XSY* S ™`d—SY*D

�\–d˜ `S+1 V\U* a1 d–1g*Z* d™SgdE –dj*h Y*W\™\+SU* d \™Z\ad Z* g1ZdV\Ud Y\`* ™* –W*˜S

�\WSV\ 4Z*Y \ –dj1[dH 239

˙d,*Z V\US a1 Z1–djSE V*\ j˜\ U1 \Z*Uj˜\ a1 3,*c1E Sa–dOj˜* ,Sj1 ZSV\˜SZ*\™ gS—*`1˜* S a*™`O3S \V\ 69 ˜\VaSZ*V\US –\,1c*,*Ud `SO4SV \™ ™\+SU*[* `*V*—`W* S da˜*D

˙ � ˛��DDD ?

:D �1˜*hZ\D �ZS V\US 31W1 ™* d—\™1 �\—d Y\`*Ud a1\hSa˜S˜S \™ ta,*V1 –`X*,j˜SZ1 ˜1W*r L6D �\`SZc*OZSY* ;B5MD �1Y* adY[1 ™* –dj1[1 –`X* ˜1W\D �V\OWSV\ \™*+1`1j ™* –djSj S ™* a1 Z* ˜*U Z*hSZ –`OX*jE Z*Z\a1cS j˜1˜d S a1+S S ™`d—SY*E Z1 Y\31j+S˜S �\3US –`SU*˜1X L�*˜1U 66B7=C �*W*˜SY* 9B5=OO65MD

�*V\ a1 \™d–`1˜S"˜* c1j dhSZS˜S *V\ ˜S Z1V\ –\Zd™S gS—*`1˜dH

�1a˜\ U1 ™\,\XZ\ a*Y\ \™WdhZ\ `1cSB t�1 f,*W*E Z1–djSYDr �V\ Z1V\ Z*,*XdU1 SWS ˜1 SaY1,*E 4*–*Y˜S™* SY*j –`*,\ Z* WShZS S4+\`D �\—*\ +S `1cSB

˘ t�Ze\`YSa*\ a*Y a1 V\WSV\ U1 –dj1[1 \–*aZ\ Saf,*˜S\ a*Y ™* ˜\ ZSU1 4* Y1Z1Dr

˘ t�Wdc* c1 YS U\j ˜`1+*˜SE U1` 31WSY ˜\WSV\ ˜\—*™* –\a˜S—Z1Y d 3S,\˜dDr

˘ t˛*` Z1Y*Y –`*,\ ™* S4*+1`1Y j˜* f\cdHr�10d˜SYE V*\ S d aWdh*Ud YW*™Sf gS˜S`*ZSf d \,\Y

–\—W*,XdE Y\3™* Z*U,1cS –`S˜Sa*V –\˜Sh1 \™ ˜1+1a*Y\—D �V\ U1 ˜\ aWdh*UE \Z™* Y\31j –\+1™S˜S a1+1dV\WSV\ *Z*WS4S`*j aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B

˘ G˙* WS cd *V\ –djSY a˜,*`Z\ Z1j˜\ –\a˜ScSH �*–`SY1`E ™* WS c1 YS –dj1[1 4*Sa˜* –\Y\cS ™* a1dVW\–SY d ™`dj˜,\E S*V\ SY*Y Y*W\ ˜\—* 4*U1™ZShOV\— a [SY*H ˙* WS d\–j˜1 31WSY ™* a1 dVW\–SY a*\ZSY* V\USY* +S +SW\ ™`*—\ ™* Z*`djSY a,\U1 4™`*O,X1HF

˘ G�*V\ c1 a1 –dj1[1 \™`*4S˜S Z* Y\U1 S4™*˜V1E4™`*,X1 S d—W1™HF

˘ G˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*Z ™* –`SU*˜1Xa˜,\ a �\—\Y 4*OY1ZSY 4* gS—*`1˜1HF

’’ �*™* YS Z1V\ –\Zd™S gS—*`1˜dE U* a1a*Y\ Z*aY1jSY S V*31YB G�1 f,*W*EZ1 31WSY ™* ™\+SU1Y `*VF‘‘ L�1,1Z*M

240 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\WSV\ 4Z*Y \ –dj1[dH 241

t�1VS V*3d ™* U1 V\`Sjc1[1 Y*`Sfd*Z1S4W*4 S4 –`\+W1Y*rE V*31 ˚W1Z S4 �`aV1EtS ™* U1 –\˜–dZ\ Z1jV\™XS,*Dr ˙* WS aS S˜S hd\ aWShZ1 S4U*,1 \ Y*`Sfd*ZSH�aY\˜`S Z1V1 d\+Sh*U1Z1 4*+Wd™1E * 4*˜SYS hS[1ZSg1D

˛*+Wd™*D�*`Sfd*Z* ZSU1 j˜1˜Z*D�S[1ZSg*D � –\4Z*˜1 –\aW1™Sg1 SWS \Z1 Z* V\U1 a1

adY[* ™* SY*Ud ˜`*UZS 1e1V*˜ d+`*U*Ud a1B –`\+W1YSa –*Yc1[1Y S dh1[1YE W\jSUS SYdZ\W\jVS aSa˜1YS `1–`\™dV˜S,Z\ 4™`*,X1 S YdjV*`*g* S 31Z*D�\31 ™\,1a˜S ™\ Z*–*™* d4Z1YS`1Z\a˜SE –aSf\41 S–*`*Z\U1D ˙1g* V\Ud Z* a,1˜ ™\Z1ad Y*UV1 V\U1 –dj1Y*`Sfd*Zd Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1 c1 SY*˜S –`\+W1Y*˜ShZ\–\Z*j*[1E aY*[1Zd –*3[d S ˜131 c1 SY –*™*˜S™\Z\j1[1 \™WdV*D

˛*+Wd™*D ˙SY Y*`Sfd*Z1 U1 Y*[1 j˜1˜*Z \™ ™SY*gS—*`1˜1D

�S[1ZSg*D � –\`101[d a ™SY\Y gS—*`1˜1E™SY Y*`Sfd*Z1 Y\31 ™* \a˜*,S h1˜S`S –d˜* ,Sj1V*˜`*Z* Z* ™djZSVd S –`1Z\aS –1˜ –d˜* ,Sj1\˜`\,Z\— d—X1ZOY\Z\VaS™* d V`,D �dj1[1 a*Y\ –1˜i\SZ˜* Y*`Sfd*Z1 Y\31 ™* \aW\+\™S Sa˜d V\WShSZd\˜`\,ZSf Y*˜1`SU* V\U1 S4*4S,*Ud `*V V*\ S g1W*–*VW* gS—*`1˜*D

˛*+Wd™*D�*`Sfd*Z* Z1 a˜,*`* 4*,SaZ\a˜D�S[1ZSg*D �SZ1Ui1`S V\US SY*Ud Y1Z˜*WZSf

SWS 1Y\gS\Z*WZSf –`\+W1Y* Y\—d +`4\ –\a˜*˜S4*,SaZSgSD ˙`d—S ˜\ Y\—d –\a˜*˜S Z*V\Z S4,1aZ\—,`1Y1Z*D �\`1™ ˜\—*E a˜d™SU1 –\V*4dUd ™* ad ˜SZ1Ui1`SV\US –dj1 Y*`Sfd*Zd S4W\31ZS ,1c1Y `S4SVd ™*–`10d Z* ™`d—d ™`\—dE V*\ j˜\ U1 V\V*SZD

™* WS U1 Y*`Sfd*Z*4*Sa˜* ˜*V\ W\j*H

�4+1—*,*U a*Y\4*,*O`*,*[1 ˜S–*B G�*Y\U1™*Z ™SYDF �ZS V\US˜\ d`*™1 h1a˜\ –\Z\,\–`\–dj1 L�1`1YSU*5;B=MD

�˚� �� 10d˜SYE j˜* *V\ aS ,1c–\a˜*\ 4*,SaZSVH "˜* Y\O31j dhSZS˜S V*V\ +S –`1OVSZd\ a –dj1[1YH

�*V\ –`1a˜*˜S5D �d™S \™Wdh*ZD �*–SjS

a,\U1 `*4W\—1 4+\— V\USf 31OWSj ™* –`1a˜*Z1j a –dj1O[1YD �1a˜\ +*gS –\—W1™ Z*

[SfD ˝1X* ™* +d™1j hSa˜ d �\3USY \hSY* SY* ,1WSOVd aZ*—d LSYX*ZSY* 56B5C ˚e1j*ZSY* 8B5;O5=MD6D ˛*˜`*3S –\Y\cD �V\WSV\ aS ˜*UZ\ –djS\E a*™* U1

,`1Y1 ™* a1 a˜,*` S4Z1a1 Z* hSa˜*gD 1gS \ZSY* \™V\USf aS a1 V`S\ ™* 31WSj ™* –`1VSZ1j a –dj1[1Y S™* ˜S ˜`1+* [Sf\,* –\™`jV*D �V\WSV\ 31WSj ™* aWdO3Sj �\—dE Y\WS a1 ™* ˜S –\Y\—Z1 L5D \,*Z\,* 9B58MD7D �™`1™S V\ZV`1˜*Z ™*˜dYD �™`1™S ™*Z V*™* c1j

d Z*`1™Z1 ™,1 Z1™1X1 –`1a˜*˜S a –dj1[1YD �–SjS˜*U ™*˜dY d V*W1Z™*`D �*3S hW*Z\,SY* –\`\™Sg1 S–`SU*˜1XSY* ™* ˜\— ™*Z* –`1a˜*U1jD8D �`\Z*0S S dZSj˜SD �`1 Z1—\ j˜\ ™\01 ™*Z 4*

V\US aS `1jS\ ™* –`1VSZ1j a –dj1[1YE –`1˜`*3Sa\+dE \™1cd S a,1 \a˜*W\D �,*Vd gS—*`1˜d V\Ud Z*01jdZSj˜SD �aW\+\™S a1 d–*X*h*E jS+Sg* S –1–1X*`*D

�V\ Y1 Z1V\ d jV\WS Z*—\,*`* ™* 4*–*WSYEU* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

9D �4™`3S aSY–˜\Y1 \™,SV*,*[*D �SU ™\a˜* ,\™1S ,\cZSf a\V\,* S ™\,\XZ\ a–*,*UD ˛*™`3S Z* dYd ™*U1 V`S4* –`S,`1Y1Z*E * ™* ad V\`Sa˜S ˜`*UZ1I:D �4+1—*,*U a,1 j˜\ ˜1 Y\31 \aW*+S˜SD �W\ZS a1

Y1a˜* S aS˜d*gSU* V\U1 Y\—d +S˜S SaVdj*,*Udc1D �\O3™* c1j Y\`*˜S S4+1—*,*˜S ™`d31[1 a* \ZSY* V\US–dj1 L�\aW\,Sg1 57B6>MD

�1 ™\4,\WS ™* +d™1j Z*a*Y*`1Z�,*V1 —\™SZ1E e*+`SV1 ™d,*Z* –\˜`\j1 YSWSU*`™1

™\W*`* Z* `1VW*Y1D �* V\—* –\a1+Z\ gSX*UdH �Z1V\Y™\VdY1Z˜d U1™Z1 e*+`SV1 ™d,*Z* a˜\USB t�d˜`*j[S`1™\,ZS –dj*hS Z*W*41 a1 Y10d ™*Z*j[SY ˜SZ1Ui1O`SY*Dr�1 ™\4,\WS ™* ˜S j1e\,S ™d,*ZaV1 SZ™da˜`SU1

S4,dVd Z\,*gD ˛*j˜\ a1 d–1g*˜S Z* [Sf\,d d™SgdH�S \ZSE ZS ˜,\US ™`d—\,S V\US –dj1 Z1 YSaW1 Z* ˜,\OU1 ™\+`\D �Y1a˜\ ™* aWdj*j [SfE +\X1 U1 ™* aWdj*ja*,1˜1 V\US a1 Z*W*41 d �S+WSUS S ™* d,S™Sj j˜* U14* t˜,\U1 ™\+`\r L�a*SU* 8<B5;MD

= t�hSa˜SY\ a1 \™ a,*V1 –`X*,j˜SZ1rL6D �\`SZc*ZSY* ;B5M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˙* WS ˜1 ™`dj˜,\ Z*—\,*`*™* –SU1j *WV\f\WH �*4Z*U 4*j˜\ ˜`1+* ™* SY*jS4—`*01Z a˜*, \ ˜\Y1D

�\WSV\ 4Z*Y \ –dj1[dH 243

˘ �*V\ 4Z*j V\U1 ad \–*aZ\a˜SE 4*j˜\ ˜1 –dj1[1Y\3™* S ™*X1 –`S,W*hSH

˘ ˛+\— h1—* aS d,1`1Z ™* U1 –dj1[1 W\j* a˜,*`H

"� � �˚��H

V*V\ ™d,*Z d˜Sh1Z* ˜,\U1 ˜1W\

�–\`1™S 4™`*, S4—W1™ –dj*h* V\US a1 –\U*,XdUdd Y1™SUSY* S –\aW1™Sg1 V\U1 –dj1[1

4*Sa˜* \a˜*,X* Z* ˜1W\D

�a˜* S —`W\�\31 ™\,1a˜S ™\ `*V*

*Zg1` Z* U14SVd

`g1 �˜,`™[*,* S ad3*,**`˜1`SU1E WSj*,* a`g1VSa1\ZSV* S h1˜S`S –d˜*

–\,1c*,* `S4SV\™ a`h*ZSf \+\X1[*

˛*h1–X1[1 *`˜1`SU1

�Wdc* �ZSj˜*,*–WdcZ* V`SW*E ™\,\™S

™\ 4*–*X1[*™djZSV* S 67 –d˜*–\,1c*,* `S4SV \™

™\+SU*[* `*V* –Wdc*D

�Wdc* –dj*h*

244

�\4*V�1˜S`S –d˜* ,1cS`S4SV \™ jW\—*

�\3*�`1`*Z\ a˜*`S

˛d+S�\a˜*Ud 3d˜S

˜\Y*V �*a˜*U1 `*V

�*ZV`1*a �*a˜*U1 `*V

�1jSV* �*a˜*U1 `*V

�d+`14S�*a˜*U1`*V

34

"˜* SY* W\j1d \–SU*[dH

�*V\ +S \™—\,\`S\ Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*H�˜*,S 4Z*V � d V,*™`*˜Sc Sa–`1™ a,\— \™—\,\`*D

˙* WS a1 Z1V\ \™ ˜,\USf ™`d—\,*\–SU*E SWS –SU1 *WV\f\W S*V\ –`1Y*

4*V\Zd Z1Y* ™\,\XZ\ —\™SZ* ™*+S d\–j˜1 Y\—*\ –S˜SH

ıO ˙* O �1

˙* WS ad ˜1 ™`d—\,S SV*™*Z*—\,*`*WS ™* –SU1j *WV\f\WH O ˙* O �1

˙* WS aS a1 SV*™* \–S\H O ˙* O �1

�� aS d SaVdj1[d ™* a1 Z*–SU1jE SWS ™* –SU1jS*V\ –\ 4*V\Zd Z1Y*j ™\,\XZ\ —\™SZ* ™* +S aY1\ –S˜S*WV\f\WE ZSaS U1™SZSD �Z\—S YW*™S 4W\d–\˜`1+X*O,*Ud *WV\f\WD� �1VS a1 d–dj˜*Ud d 1Vag1aS,Z\ –SU1[1E–\4Z*˜\ d 1Z—W1aV\Y U14SVd S V*\ tbinge drinkingrD "˜*U1 1Vag1aS,Z\ –SU1[1H �1VS —* U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ ™1eSZSjdV*\ –SU1[1 ™* +S a1 Z*–SW\D �*V\ Z1 –\a˜\US U1™SZa˜,1OZ* ™1eSZSgSU*E –`1Y* U1™Z\Y S4,1j˜*Ud *Y1`ShV\— �*OgS\Z*WZ\— SZa˜S˜d˜* 4* +\`+d –`\˜S, *WV\f\WS4Y* S4W\d–\˜`1+1 *WV\f\W*E ˜* ,`a˜* \–SU*[* a1 t\+ShZ\ ™1OeSZSj1 V*\ V\Z4dYS`*[1 –1˜ SWS ,Sj1 *WV\f\WZSf–Sc* 4*`1™\Y V\™ YdjV*`*g* S h1˜S`S SWS ,Sj1 –Sc*4*`1™\Y V\™ 31Z*rD�10d˜SYE –\a˜*,S a1+S aW1™1c1 –S˜*[1B G˙* WS a*Y

™\+`\ `*4YSaWS\ \ `*4W\4SY* 4+\— V\USf 31WSY ™* –SOU1Y S V*V\ *WV\f\W d˜Sh1 Z* Y1Z1HF �* –`SY1`E V*V\ +S\™—\,\`S\ Z* ™\[* –S˜*[*H �˜*,S 4Z*V � d V,*™`*˜Sc˜*Y\ —™1 YSaWSj ™* U1 S4U*,* ˜*hZ* \™Z\aZ\ Z1˜*hZ* S4*˜SY `*4Y\˜`S Z*,1™1Z1 hS[1ZSg1D

5D �SZ1Ui1`S –SUd a*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ ,\W1 dVda *WV\Of\W*D �™—\,\` P Z1˜*hZ\D �\V\Y U1™Z1 *ZV1˜1 V\U* U1d �da˜`*WSUS a–`\,1™1Z* ™* +S a1 da˜*Z\,SW\ V\WSV\

� S™S \V,S` t�\ ˜\ `*™SHr Z* 68=D a˜`*ZSD

5D �SZ1Ui1`S –SUd a*Y\ 4*˜\j˜\ ,\W1 dVda *WV\f\W*D

ıO �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

6D �\j˜\ ad ˜SZ1Ui1`S YW*0SS d +\X\U e\`YSE *WV\f\WZ1 d˜Sh1 ˜\WSV\ W\j1 Z*

[Sf V*\ Z* \™`*aW1D O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

7D �–SU*[1 ˜1 Z1 Y\31 d+S˜SD O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

8D �S+WSU* d –\˜–dZ\a˜S4*+`*[dU1 –SU1[1 *WV\f\W*D O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

9D �–SU*[1 W\j1d˜Sh1 a*Y\ Z* 4™`*,X1D O �*hZ\ O �1˜*hZ\

"˜* SY* W\j1 d \–SU*[dH 247

Xd™S 4Z*Ud \ d˜Sg*Ud *WV\f\W*E 7: –\a˜\ YW*™Sf `1VW\U1 ™* –SU1 –`,1Za˜,1Z\ ™* +S a1 tdVW\–SW\ d ™`dj˜,\rD ��U1™S[1ZSY ˙`3*,*Y*E U1™Z* *ZV1˜* U1 –\V*4*W* ™* U1:: –\a˜\ YW*™Sf `1VW\ ™* U1 –`S˜Sa*V ,`j[*V* —W*,ZS`*4W\— 4*j˜\ –SUdD �10d˜SYE ,Sj1 \™ –\W\,SZ1 U1 `1VW\™* –SUd 4*˜\ j˜\ 31W1 ™* 4*+\`*,1 –`\+W1Y1D6D �\j˜\ ad ˜SZ1Ui1`S YW*0S S d +\X\U e\`YSE *WO

V\f\W Z1 d˜Sh1 ˜\WSV\ W\j1 Z* [Sf V*\ Z* \™`*aW1D�™—\,\`P Z1˜*hZ\D t�\,SU* Sa˜`*3S,*[* –\V*4dUd ™*YW*™S V\US –SUd d—`\3*,*Ud a,\U1 4™`*,X1rE V*31 a1 dU1™Z\Y hW*ZVd d h*a\–Sad DiscoverD ˛*j˜\H t�SZ1Ui1`SV\US Z1dY1`1Z\ –SUd d 4Z*˜Z\U Y1`S dZSj˜*,*Ud a,\U1Y1Z˜*WZ1 a–\a\+Z\a˜SDr�`1˜1`*Z\ V\Z4dYS`*[1 *WV\f\W* ˜*V\01 d˜Sh1 Z*

–\U*,d *VZSE –`1`*Z\— a˜*`1[* V\31E ,SjV* VSW\—`*OY*E 4*,SaZ\a˜S \™ *WV\f\W* S ™`\—1D �*V\01 Y\31 –\—d+OZ\ ™1W\,*˜S Z* Z1`,ZS aSa˜1YE U1˜`d S a`g1D7D �–SU*[1 ˜1 Z1 Y\31 d+S˜SD �™—\,\` P Z1˜*hO

Z\D �`1˜1`*ZS dZ\a *WV\f\W* WSj*,* Y\4*V VSa1\ZSOV* S ,S˜*WZ1 ˜1W1aZ1 edZVgSU1 ad Z*`dj1Z1 SWS aV`\4

–`1a˜*UdD �1VS aSY–˜\YS ad–\,`*c*[1E Z1a,1a˜ S da–\O`1Z\ SWS Z1dU1™Z*h1Z\ ™Sa*O[1D �\Z1V*™ Y\31 ™\cS S ™\aY`˜SD8D �S+WSU* d –\˜–dZ\a˜S

4*+`*[dU1 –SU1[1 *WV\f\OW*D �™—\,\` P Z1˜*hZ\D �SO+WSU* Z1 \ad0dU1 –SU1[1 *WOV\f\W*E ZS˜S U1 –`\˜S, ˜\—*™* a1 YW*™S 4*+*,1 L�a*W*Y5>8B59C �`\–\,1™ZSV 5>B5=MD�*`*,Z\E *V\ 3S,Sj d 41OYXS d V\U\U –\a˜\US a˜*`\aZ*

= G�SU*ZSg* c1 \aS`\Y*jS˜SFL�\aW\,Sg1 67B65M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

248 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�`1Y* U1™Z\U a˜d™SUS`*01Z\U d ��˙E tV\™\ZSf V\US h1a˜\ 1Vag1OaS,Z\ –SUd –\a˜\US\a*Y –d˜* ,1cS `S4SV™* c1 +13*˜S a* h*a\O,*E SY*˜S W\j da–1f djV\WSE +S˜S –\,`101OZS S –`ShS[*,*˜S Y*O˜1`SU*WZd j˜1˜drD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

—`*ZSg* Sa–\™ V\U1 ZSU1 ™\4,\X1Z\ –S˜S *WV\f\WE \Z™*a1 ˜\—* Y\`*j –`S™`3*,*˜S LSYX*ZSY* 57B5MD�10d˜SYE �S+WSU* \ad0dU1 –`1˜1`S,*[1 d *WV\f\WdD

tSZ\ U1 –\™`d—XS,\E \–\UZ\ –Sc1 +dhZ\E S V\—* \Z\4*,1™1E ˜*U ZSU1 Yd™*`r L�\aW\,Sg1 6>B5MD �WV\f\W˜1 Y\31 Z*,1a˜S ™* \™ a1+1 Z*–`*,Sj Wd™dI �a˜SZ*E*WV\f\W ˜S Y\31 d ˜`1Zd˜Vd –`SU*˜SE *WS *V\ –`1˜1O`*j a [SYE \Z™* tdU1™* V*\4YSU*rE \a˜*,X*UdcS ˜1 a —\OYSW\Y –`\+W1Y* L�\aW\,Sg167B76MD9D �–SU*[1 W\j1 d˜Sh1

a*Y\ Z* 4™`*,X1D �™—\,\`P Z1˜*hZ\D �V\ a1 Z*–SOU1jE S4W*31j a1+1 YZ\—SY\–*aZ\a˜SY*E h*V S aSW\,*O[dD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E Y\3™* Sa*Y –\a˜*Z1j \–*a*Z –\ ™`dO—1 S –\hZ1j ™* a1 –\Z*j*j

"˜* SY* W\j1 d \–SU*[dH 249

�`1Y* U1™Z\Y Sa˜`*3S,*[d a–`\,1™1Z\Y Y10djV\W*`gSY* d ˚Z—W1aV\UE "V\˜aV\U S �1WadE th*Va,*VS h1˜,`˜S 57O—\™Sj[*V S 58O—\™Sj[*V ˜,`™S\U1 ™* U1 4*`1™\Y Sa–S\ Z*UY*[1 –1˜ *WV\f\WZSf–Sc*rD �a˜\ U1 `1V*\ aV\`\ a,*VS ™`d—S SZ˜1`,UdSa*OZS 59O—\™Sj[*V S 5:O—\™Sj[*VD �`1Y* –\™*gSY*U1™Z1 a˜d™SU1E Y10d YW*™SY* d4`*a˜* 5: —\™SZ*E d�`+SUS a1 ˜\V\Y 6>><D h*V ˜`1cSZ* dh1ZSV* L76 \™Oa˜\M S4U*aZSW* V*V\ U1 +*` U1™Z\Y –`SWSV\Y d ˜\Vd–\aW1™[Sf Y1a1g ™*Z* –\–SW* –1˜ S ,Sj1 –Sc* 4*O`1™\YD �1™Z\ Sa˜`*3S,*[1 a–`\,1™1Z\ d �da˜`*WSOUS \˜V`SW\ U1 ™* a1 ˜*Y\ \–SU* ,Sj1 ™1,\U*V* Z1—\YW*™Sc* S ™* \Z1 –\–SUd \™ 57 ™\ 7> –Sc* 4*`1™\YI

V\ ˜\ `*™SH

�˜,`™S V\US ad `*4OW\4S 4*j˜\ 31WSj™* –SU1j *WV\f\WD ˛*O˜SY `*4YSaWS V\US ad4™`*,SUS Z*hSZS ™* a14*+*,Sj SWS dYS`Sj˜1aV\+Z* \a1c*[*D

�˚� ��

–\˜–dZ\ ™`d—*hSU1 \™ \Z\—* j˜\ 4*–`*,\ U1aSD � �S+WSOUS a˜\US d–\4\`1[1 ™* *V\ a1 Z*–SU1j tZ1c1jY\cS U*aZ\™* `*4YSjX*j S —\,\`Sjr L�\aW\,Sg1 67B77E TodayGsEnglish VersionMD �V`*˜V\ `1h1Z\E –\Z*j*c1j a1 Z1Z\`OY*WZ\I \j Z1V1 –\aW1™Sg1 \™Z\a1 a1 Z* —d+S˜*V –`SU*O˜1X*E W\j da–1f d jV\WS S Z* –\aWdE Y\—dcZ\a˜ ™* 4*O`*™Sj V`SYSZ*WZS ™\aSU1 S 4*–*™Z1j d aS`\Y*j˜,\L�\aW\,Sg1 67B65MD"˜\ U1 Z*U,*3ZSU1E d4YS d \+4S` S ™df\,Zd j˜1˜d V\Ud

Y\31 –`\d4`\V\,*˜S Z*–SU*[1D 1f\,* �\— 31WS ™* YdaWd3Sj ta,SY a,\USY dY\Yr P Z1 dY\Y V\US 4+\— Z*–SOU*[* Z1 edZVgS\ZSj1 V*V\ ˜`1+* L�*˜1U 66B7;MD �\3U*1h \ad0dU1 S G–SU*Zh1[1F S GZ*™Y1˜*[1 d –SU1[dF L5D �1O˜`\,* 8B7MD ˛*˜\ U1 \–SU*[1 d ad–`\˜Z\a˜S a ,\X\Y Z*Oj1— �˜,\`S˜1X* S \Z\ ˜1 a–`1h*,* ™* +d™1j �\3US –`SOU*˜1XD

"˜* c1j S4*+`*˜SH˙* WS c1j a1 U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ –`SVXdhS˜S ™`d—\,SY* V\O

US 4W\d–\˜`1+X*,*Ud *WV\f\WH t˛*` Z1 4Z*˜1rE a˜\US d�S+WSUSE t™* *V\ a1 Z1V\Y1 ™*U1˜1 d `\–a˜,\ S \+*,14dOU1˜1 Z* –\aWdjZ\a˜E `\+\,S a˜1 \Z\—* V\—* aWdj*˜1Hr

’’ �*™* YS 1VS–* S4 jV\W1 –\Zd™S *WV\f\WEU* SY V*31Y ™* YS Z1 ˜`1+* –Sc1 ™*+Sf a1 ™\+`\ \a1c*\‘‘ L�*`V\M

�V\ Y1 Z1V\ +d™1 Z*—\,*`*\ ™* –SU1Y *WV\f\WEU* cd `1cS

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

LSYX*ZSY* :B5:MD ˛*` 4*Sa˜* 31WSj ™* –\a˜*Z1j `\+a,\USf ™`d—*`* SWS *WV\f\W*H"˜* c1j d`*™S˜S dV\WSV\ aS –\h1\ ™* a1 \–SU*jH �™O

Y*f 4*˜`*3S –\Y\c \™ `\™S˜1X* SWS Z1V\— 4`1W\— –`SOU*˜1X*D �+`*˜S a1 1f\,S �\—d S Y\WS —* 4* –\Y\cD �*V`*Ud V`*U1,*E \Z U1 t–\Y\c V\U* a1 d Z1,\X*Y* W*V\ Z*OW*4Sr L�a*W*Y 8:B5MD �\j˜\ ™\ \–SU*[* S –SU1[* *WV\Of\W* Sa–\™ 4*V\Z\Y ™\4,\X1Z\— d4`*a˜* h1a˜\ ™\W*4S4+\— d˜Sg*U* ,`j[*V*E Y\3™* c1j Y\`*˜S Z*–`*,S˜S™`*a˜ShZd –`\Y1Zd d S4+\`d –`SU*˜1X*D� �*V,1 –`\Y1OZ1 Z1c1 +S˜S W*V\ Z*–`*,S˜SE *WS d4 1f\,SZd –\Y\cY\31j da–1˜SD

� Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* \ \,\U ˜1YS Y\31j Z*cS d <D S =D –\—W*,Xd\,\— ˜\Y* S d 59D –\—W*,Xd 6D ˜\Y*D

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� ˛*,SaZ\a˜ \™ ™`\—1 Y\31 a1a*,W*™*˜SD �*4Z*U V*V\D

�WV\f\W Y\31+S˜S –\–d˜4YSUaV\— dU1™*

"˜* SY* W\j1 d \–SU*[dH 251

˘ ˛*j˜\ ˜,\US ™`d—\,S 31W1 ™* SY a1 ™`d—S–`S™`d31 d 4W\d–\˜`1+S *WV\f\W*H

˘ ˙* WS c1j 4+\— 4W\d–\˜`1+1 *WV\f\W* +S˜S4*ZSYXS,SUS ad–`\˜Z\Y –\WdH ˛*j˜\ ˜*V\\™—\,*`*jH

"� � �˚��H

˙� �� aS –\a˜*\ 4*,Sa˜*Z \™ ™`\—1H �\3™* 4Z*j ™*™`\—* dZSj˜*,* ˜,\U dY S ˜,\U1 ˜1W\D �\3™* aS h*V –\OVdj*,*\ ™* –`1VSZ1j a [\YE * \Z™* aS a1 \–1˜ ,`*O˜S\D �V\ U1 ˜*V\E Z1Y\U –*™*˜S d \h*UI � ™`d—S ad da–1OWSE –* Y\31j S ˜SD �* –`SY1`E \aY\˜`S V*V\ ad ˜`S\a\+1 `*4WShS˜\— –\`1VW* da–1W1 d ˜\Y1D

�˚B �*`˜*�� "��D �1a˜`* S U* aY\ \™`*aW1 +14 \g*E U1`Y*Y* ZSU1 +SW* ,1Zh*Z* V*™* Y1 U1 `\™SW*D �™ 56 —\O™SZ* V`1ZdW* a*Y –\ ™SaV\˜1V*Y* a U1™Z\Y a,\U\Y ˜1O˜V\Y V\U* U1 ,\W1W* ™* S—`*D �SW* a*Y ,1\Y* 3S,* Sd+`4\ a*Y d–*W* d W\j1 ™`dj˜,\D �`\+*W* a*Y ™`\—d,1c a* 57 —\™SZ*D �*V\01 a*Y –\h1W* ™* d4SY*Y S V\OV*SZD �a–`,* YS U1 +SW\ W1–\D �WSE d+`4\ a*Y –\h1W*™* f*WdgSZS`*Y S ™* a1 –W*jSY —\˜\,\ a,1—*D � V*™*+S ™1W\,*[1 ™`\—1 –`1a˜*W\E YdhSW1 ad Y1 YSaWS \ a*OY\d+Sa˜,dD ˝1W1W* a*Y ™* –`1a˜*Z1Y ™* a1 ™`\—S`*YE*WS ZSa*Y SY*W* ™\,\XZ\ aZ*—1D

�� ˚� ��D �\h1W* a*Y ™*`*4YSjX*Y \ �\—d S h*V a*Y Z1V\WSOV\ –d˜* SjW* d g`V,dD �WS –\aW1

˜\—* a*Y +SW* U\j +14,\XZSU*D �*5< a*Y –\h1W* ™* 3S,SY a ™1hOV\Y S a [SY a*Y ™\+SW* aSZ*D�\ j˜\ a*Y –\a˜*W* Y*UV*E –\O,1c*W\ U1 d Y1ZS 31Xd ™* –`\OY1ZSY 3S,\˜D 1™Z* –`SU*˜1OXSg* V\Ud Z1V\ ,`1Y1 ZSa*Y

,S™1W* ™\a1WSW* a1 –`1OV\ –d˜* Y1Z1D �\a1˜SOW* Y1 U1 S –S˜*W* V*V\

35

�*V\ ™* a1 \aW\+\™SY4*,SaZ\a˜S \™ ™`\—1H

252

a*YD �˜,\`SW* a*Y U\U a`g1D 1VW* YS U1 ™* U1 –\a˜*W* 1f\,SZ a,1™\V S –`1™W\3SW* YS ™* –`\dh*,*Y �SO+WSUd a [\YD �`Sf,*˜SW* a*YD�f,*˜SW* a*Y ™* a1 Y\U Z1Y\`*W*Z Z*hSZ 3S,\˜* Z1

™\–*™* �\—d S ™* Y\`*Y –`1VSZd˜S a ™`\—\Y S gS—*O`1˜*Y*D �WS ™`\—* Y1 U1 ™`3*W* d j*gSD �1V\WSV\–d˜* ™Z1,Z\E a,SY a`g1Y a*Y a1 Y\WSW* 1f\,S �\—d™* YS –\Y\—Z1 ™* –`1VSZ1Y a W\jSY Z*,SV*Y*D ˝1OW1W* a*Y ™* Yd d—\™SY L�\aW\,Sg1 6;B55MD �*V\Z j1a˜Y1a1gS –`\dh*,*[* �S+WSU1 S V\Z˜*V˜* a 1f\,SZSYa,1™\gSY*E da–1W* a*Y ™* \a˜*,SY ™`\—dD �*™* SY*YaYSa*\ d 3S,\˜dD �Sa*Y ,Sj1 ˜*V\ ™1–`1aS,Z*D �–\O4Z*W* a*Y U1™Z\— ™S,Z\— 1f\,SZ\— a,1™\V* S d™*W* a1D�,\— aSZ* \™—*U*Y d aVW*™d a +S+WSUaVSY Z*h1WSY*D�\WSV\ a*Y 4*f,*WZ* 1f\,S j˜\ U1 hd\ Y\U1 Y\WS˜,1S –\Y\—*\ YSI

�˚B �*`aS\�� "��D �™`*a˜*\ a*Y d –`1™—`*0SY* �*Z˜\�Z™`1*E —da˜\ Z*a1X1Z\— —`*™* d ™`3*,S �*\ �*dW\ d�`*4SWdD *Z\ a*Y –\h1\ a* gS—*`*Y*E ™`\—\Y S V`*O0\YD �1V\WSV\ Y\USf –`SU*˜1X* +SWS ad dY1j*ZS dV`*0d V\W* S ˜`—\,SZd ™`\—\YD 1™*Z \™ [Sf U1 +1aO–W*˜Z\ ™*,*\ ™`\—d VWSZgSY* S4 V`*U*D �*™*+S a1 Z*,dVWSE Vd–\,*WS ad ™`\—d \™ [1—*D�\WSgSU* U1 a˜*WZ\ –*O

˜`\WS`*W* Z*jSY dWSg*OY*D �1V\WSV\ –d˜* a*Y +S\df*–j1Z 4+\— aS˜ZSf –`1Oa˜d–* S U1™Z\Y –\™ adY[\Y™* a*Y –`1–`\™*,*\ ™`\O—dD �1a˜\ a*Y d VdcS hd,*\V`*™1Z1 a˜,*`S S \`d3U1Z1VSf +*Z™SD

’’ �*™ a*Y daVW*™SW*3S,\˜ a �S+WSU\YEZ*jW* a*Y a`1cd S aYSa*\d 3S,\˜d‘‘ L�*`˜*M

�d™S ad Y1 a1 –W*jSWSD�hS ad YS d,1V +SW1 4*V`,*O,X1Z1D �\˜\,\ ZSV*™ a1 ZSOa*Y aY1U*\D � a˜,*`SE S4`*4WSg* YS U1 +S\ V*\ ™* cd a,*OV\— h*a* Z1V\— d+S˜SD ˙\+S\a*Y Z*™SY*V t�de*dr L�*UOedZM U1` —™1 a*Y +S\ U*E ˜d U1+SW* S Z1,\X*D �*V\01 a*Y

YZ\—\ –S\ S Z1Y\`*WZ\ 3S,1\D �Z\—S Y\US –*U˜*jSad dY`WS SWS 4*,`jSWS d 4*˜,\`dD �S\ a*Y ˜\WSV\ ™1O–`1aS,*Z ™* a*Y U1™Z\Y 4*,14*\ V\Z\–*g \ ™`,\ S f˜1\™* a1 \+1aSYD�� ˚� �� ˙��D �\WS\ a*Y a1 �\—d ™* YS–\Y\—Z1D �*V\ a*Y d–\4Z*\ 1f\,SZ1 a,1™\V1 S –\h1\™* –`\dh*,*Y �S+WSUdD �*4Z*\ a*Y ™* a1 �\— 4\,1 1Of\,*E ™* Yd U1 a˜*W\ ™\ \ZSf V\US 31W1 ™* 3S,1 –\[1—\O,SY Y1`SWSY* S ™* SY d ˜\Y1 –\Y*31 L�a*W*Y <7B5<C5D �1˜`\,* 9B:E ;MD �`1+*W\ U1 –dZ\ ˜\—* ™* –`\Y1ZSYD 1™Z* \™ Z*U˜13Sf a˜,*`S +SW* U1 ™* Z*dhSY ™* a1 aY1OU1YD�˜*WZ\ a*Y a1 Y\WS\ 1f\,S 4* –\Y\c S –`SY1[SO

,*\ +S+WSUaV1 a*,1˜1D �* –`SY1`E –`1a˜*\ a*Y ™* a1™`d3SY a +S,jSY t–`SU*˜1XSY*r S ™* S™1Y d +*`\,1D�Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E –\h1\ a*Y ™* a1 ™`d3SY a* \ZSY* V\US ad3S,1WS –\ �S+WSUSD �4+\`S\ a*Y ˜1jVd +\`+dE*WS ,Sj1 ZSa*Y W\–\, S Z*aSWZSVD �`1a˜*\a*Y ™* d4SY*Y ™`\—d –`1 ,Sj1 \™ U1™Z1 ™1Og1ZSU1 S ZSa*Y –\VW1OV*\D

�˚B �`1U—�� "��D �™`*Oa˜*\ a*Y Z* U1™Z\U e*`OYS d d3Z\U �da˜`*OWSUSD �˜*g YS U1 +S\*WV\f\WSh*` S Y*UV* a1`*4,1W* \™ [1—* V*™*

254 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙`\—* Y\31 S4Y1ZS˜S—`*0d ˜,\— Y\4—* S–\`1Y1˜S˜S [1—\,\Z\`Y*WZ\ edZVgS\OZSa*[1D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

a*Y SY*\ \a*Y —\™SZ*D �\Z\,\ a1 d™*W* S \a˜*\ a*Y ™*3S,SY a [\Y ™\ a,\U1 5;D —\™SZ1D �*™* a*Y Z*dhS\ ™*jSj*Y \,g1 S –`S™`d3S\ a*Y a1 Z1VSY* V\US ad d –\O˜`*4S 4* ˜*V,SY –\aW\Y SjWS \™ Y1a˜* ™\ Y1a˜*D �\Oh1\ a*Y ™* a1 ™`\—S`*Y S ™* –SU1YD �da˜S\ a*Y V\adD˛*˜SY a*Y U1 –`1Y*4*\ ,\aV\Y S d–W1\ d –W1˜1ZSg1a –1`W*Y*D �Y*\ a*Y W\jd Z*`*,D �S\ a*Y Xd+\Y\`*ZS Z*aSW*ZD Sj1 –d˜* a*Y 4*,`jS\ d 4*˜,\`dD�`1a1WS\ a*Y a1 d U1™*Z —`*™Sc d ˛*–*™Z\U �da˜`*O

WSUS S –\h1\ ™* 3S,SY a U1™Z\Y ™1,\UV\Y V\U* U1 `*™SOW* V*\ j*ZV1`Sg* d f\˜1WdD�+\U1 aY\ –djSWS S –SWSE *S –\a*™SWS aY\ S d4—*U*WSY*`Sfd*ZdD�� ˚� �� ˙��D�–`*,\ aY\ +SWS \+`*WS Y*O`Sfd*ZdE V*™* ad 1f\,SZSa,1™\gS –\Vdg*WS Z* ,`*˜*Z*j1 a˜*`1 S \`\ZdW1 Vdc1D�Sa*Y ˜1V ˜*V\ –`Sf,*O˜S\ \Z\ j˜\ ad `1VWSD �*V\U1 ,`1Y1 –`\W*4SW\E d,1`S\

= G�1f\,* U1 aZ*—* Y\U* S aSW* Y\U*FLa*SU* 56B6M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�V\ U1 SV*V\ Y\—dc1ES4+1—*,*U Xd™1E Y1a˜*S a˜,*`S a V\USY* aS™\W*4S\ d ™\™S` V*™*aS a1 ™`\—S`*\D �a˜`*O3S,*[* –\V*4dUd ™*˜\ W*V\ Y\31 –\,`*O˜S˜S 31Xd 4* ™`\—\YD

�˚� ��

�V\ –\Z\,\ d4Y1Y ™`\—dE \Z™* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

˘ ˛*j˜\ \a\+* Y\3™* Y\`* Z*–`*,S˜S ™`*a˜ShZ1–`\Y1Z1 d 3S,\˜d ™* +S –`1VSZdW* a ™`\—\YH

˘ *V\ d ˜\Y1 –\Y*31 dh1[1 \ �\—dH

"� � �˚��H

a*Y a1 ™* U1 \Z\ j˜\ �S+WSOU* V*31 Sa˜SZ*D �Z™* a*Y –\OW*V\E U1™*Z –\ U1™*ZE `1j*,*\a,\U1 –`\+W1Y1D�+`4\ a*Y af,*˜S\ ™* Y\`*Y

–`1VSZd˜S a Y*`Sfd*Z\YD "˜* U1 ˜\ 4Z*hSW\H �dZ\a*Y a1 ˜`d™S\ \V\[1Z\— d4—\U*E ˜*V\ ™* a*Y d –`,S Y*f–\YSaWS\ ™* U1 Z1V\Y –\VW\ZSYD �10d˜SYE af,*˜S\a*Y ™* ˜\ ZSU1 `1j1[1 S 4*˜\ a*Y U1 dZSj˜S\D �\WSO˜,* U1 \™S—`*W* ,1\Y* ,*3Zd dW\—d d Y\Y \™,SV*,*[d\™ ™`\—1 S –Sc*D �\WS\ a*Y a1 �\—d 4* [1—\, ™df ™* YS–\Y\—Z1 d Y\U\U +\`+SD �*V\01 a*Y –`1VSZd\ ™`d31[1a* \ZSY* V\US ad W\j1 d˜Sg*WS Z* Y1Z1D ˙\V a*Y da,*OU*\ +S+WSUaV* dh1[*E a˜Sg*\ a*Y aS—d`Z\a˜ V\U* YS U1+SW* –\˜`1+Z* ™* –\–dZSY Z1V1 `d–1 dWShZ\a˜SD �\U*™1,\UV* U1 ˜*V\01 –\h1W* ™* –`\dh*,* S –`\Y1ZSW* U1a,\U1 –\Z*j*[1 S Z*hSZ 3S,\˜*D �41WS aY\ a1D 1c 65—\™SZd SY*Y\ +\X1 4™`*,X1 S d3S,*Y\ d \™—*U*[d™,\U1 ™1g1D �˜`*jZ\ YS U1 S ™* –\YSaWSY j˜* +S YSa1 ™1aSW\ ™* YS 1f\,* ZSU1 –\Y\—*\ ™* –`\Y1ZSY a,\U3S,\˜D

�aW\+*0*[1 \™4*,SaZ\a˜S U1 –\–d˜+1—* S4 Vdc1 d –W*Y1ZdD�\`*j a1 \™`1cS™\a˜* ˜\—*E *WS c1ja–*a˜S 3S,\˜

256 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*–SjS S4 V\USf `*4W\—* Y\31j ™\cS d SaVdj1[1™* 4*–*WSj gS—*`1˜dE \–SU1j a1 SWS d4Y1j ™`\—dD

�*–SjS V*V\ a1 Y\31j 4*+*,S˜S SWS \˜VW\ZS˜SZ1`*a–\W\31[1E * ™* Z1 V\`Sa˜Sj j˜1˜Z1 ad–a˜*Zg1D

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV5��˙˚�� "�˚

ı

257

6��˙��˚�˚

25

9˚W1V˜`\ZaV1a–`*,Sg1

26

5˛*+*,*

��˙� ad ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS +SWS ˜SZ1Ui1`SE \Z™* ad � S`*™S\ +SWS —W*,ZS 1W1V˜`\ZaVS Y1™SUSD �1W1e\ZS ad˜*™* +SWS a*Y\ ˜1W1e\ZSP–`1Z\aSWS ad —W*a S Y\`*OWS ad +S˜S dVXdh1ZS d 4S™D 1 WF ˜S ˜\ 4,dhS a˜`*jZ\t*d˜rH �*V\ YSaWS ™1,\UV* –\ SY1Zd �Z*D �Z* V*31Bt"˜\ a1 ˜Sh1 ˜1fZ\W\—SU1E Y\US `\™S˜1XS ad \™`*aWS dV*Y1Z\Y ™\+dD 1™,* af,*˜*Ud V*V\ ™* V\`Sa˜1 Z1V1a˜,*`S d a,\Y Y\+SWZ\YIr

36

˙* WS a*Y 4*,Sa*Z\™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf

a–`*,Sg*H

t�˜`*jZ\ ,\WSY ™* j*X1Y –\`dV1I �SaWSY™* U1 ˜\ Z*UOZ*U a˜,*` ™\ a*™*D ˙`d—S +S h*VY\3™* `1VWS V*V\ –`1d4SY* V\Z˜`\Wd Z*™Y\USY 3S,\˜\Yr LX\j*M

˙* WS a*Y 4*,Sa*Z \™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,Sg*H 259

˙*Z*a Y\31j Z* U1™Z\U U1™SZ\U a–`*,SgS i1–Z\—e\`Y*˜* ˜1W1e\ZS`*˜SE aWdj*˜S Yd4SVdE —W1™*˜SZ1Vd 1YSaSUdE S—`*˜S S—`SgdE –\aW*˜S SY1UWE Z*–`*O,S˜S e\˜\—`*eSUd S –`Sa˜d–S˜S SZ˜1`Z1˜dD �\Oj˜\ \™`*a˜*j d4 V\Y–Ud˜1`1E Y\+SWZ1 ˜1W1e\Z1E �S SZ˜1`Z1˜E Y\3™* a1 –S˜*j d h1Yd U1 –`\+W1Y *V\aS a˜*WZ\ 4*\Vd–X1Z [SY*D �10d˜SYE Y\3™* ˜,\OUS `\™S˜1XS YSaW1 ™* aS –\a˜*\ 4*,Sa*ZD �V\ –\OV*3d 4*+`SZd˜\a˜E Z1Y\U [Sf\,1 `1hS \™Y*f \˜–SOa*˜SD t�\ \™—\,*`* –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ a*aWdj*E ˜\ Yd U1Wd™\a˜rE `1V*\ U1 Yd™`S V`*X �\W\Y\Z L�\aW\,Sg15<B57MD˙* WS aS a1 –S˜*\ 4*j˜\ ad ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS 4*+`SZdO

˜SH �`*™S ˜1a˜ V\US aW1™S ™* +S ,S™1\ ™* WS –\V*4dU1jZ1V1 \™ 4Z*V\,* 4*,SaZ\a˜S \™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*O,Sg*D

`*™S ˜1a˜ P G˙* WS a*Y 4*,Sa*ZHF 1™Z* 1ZgSVW\–1™SU* ™1eSZSj1 4*,SaZ\a˜ V*\

t–`1˜1`S,*[1 a \™`101ZSY \+WSV\Y –\Z*j*[*E a V\OUSY \a\+* Z1 Y\31 SWS ZSU1 a–`1YZ* ™* –`1VSZ1E d–`OV\a \–*aZSY –\aW1™Sg*Y*rD �aY\˜`SY\ \,d ™1eSOZSgSUd ™1\ –\ ™1\D �`\hS˜*U S4U*,1 ™`d—Sf YW*™Sf S`*4YSaWS ™* WS aS S ˜S Z1V*™ Z1j˜\ ˜*V\ `1V*\ SWSdhSZS\D ˛*˜SY d–SjS a,\U1 \™—\,\`1D

�`1˜1`S,*[1D t�*˜SY*a*Y S—`*\ S—`Sg1D ˛+\— [SfZSa*Y a–*,*\ S \Z1 ad +SW1—W*,Z* ˜1Y* Y\USf `*4—\,\O`*D �™*XS\ a*Y a1 \™ –\O`\™Sg1 S S4—d+S\ a1 d 4*YSOjX1Z\Y a,1˜d S—`Sg* V\U1a*Y S—`*\r L�Z™`1UMD�\WSV\ U1 ,`1Y1Z* –\ ˜,\Y

YSjX1[d Z\`Y*WZ\ ™* d ˜\OVd ™*Z* –\˜`\jSj Z* 1W1VO˜`\ZaV1 a–`*,Sg1Hı .....................

260 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�,1 j˜\ ™*Z*a a˜*O,Sj Z* Z1VS ,1+a*U˜L+SW\ V\U* aWSV* S \Z\j˜\ Z*–Sj1j \ a1+SMY\31 +S˜S ™\a˜d–Z\–\˜1ZgSU*WZSY –\aW\O™*,gSY* S ™`d—SY*U\j YZ\—\ —\™SZ*D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

"˜* YSaW1 ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS V\WSV\ U1 ,`1Y1Z* –`SOf,*˜XS,\ ™* –`\,1™1j d ˜\Y1H ı.....................

�\WSV\ dVd–Z\ ,`1Y1Z* a,*V\— ™*Z* –`\,1™1j d aW*O[d –\`dV*E —W1™*[d ˜1W1,S4SU1E –\a˜*,X*[d aWSV* SV\Y1Z˜*`* Z* SZ˜1`Z1˜E S—`*[d 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf S—`Sg*S ˜*V\ ™*X1H .....................

�\—W1™*U a,\U1 \™—\,\`1 S \Z™* \4Z*hS ™* WS YSaWSj™* aS \˜Sj*\ –`1™*W1V\ d V\`Sjc1[d 1W1V˜`\ZaVSfa–`*,*H O ˙* O �1

�1a–\a\+Z\a˜ SWS Z1a–`1YZ\a˜ ™* a1 –`1VSZ1Dt\™S˜1XS Y1 a˜*WZ\ —`™1 ™* –`1,Sj1 j*X1Y –\`dOV1D �WS d –\`101[d a ™`d—SY YW*™SY*E U* a*Y ad–1`D�*`*,Z\E d \™Z\ad Z* Y\U1 `\™S˜1X1 aS—d`Z\ j*X1Y,Sj1 –\`dV*D �WS ˜\ Z1 Y\31 ™* a1 –\`1™SD �ZS SY*Ud8>E * U* 59 —\™SZ*r L�X\j*MD˙* WS ad ˜S `\™S˜1XS SWS –`SU*˜1XS aV`1ZdWS –*O

3[d ™* –`1,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z* –`\,\™Sj Z* Z1V\U 1W1VO˜`\ZaV\U a–`*,SgSH O ˙* O �1

˙* WS U1 a˜,*` d ˜\Y1 ™* Z1 Y\31j SWS ZSaS a–`1Y*Z™* \—`*ZShSj ,`1Y1 V\U1–`\,\™Sj Z* ˜*U Z*hSZH

O ˙* O �1

�–*aZ1 –\aW1™Sg1D t�\U1™`d—*`Sg1 S ™`d—\,S a˜*WOZ\ j*Xd –\`dV1E h*V S V*™,\41D �\ U1 U*V\ \–*aZ\IrL *Z*MDt�*™ a*Y ™\+SW* a,\U –`,S

Y\+SWZSE a˜*WZ\ a*Y ˜1OW1e\ZS`*W* S aW*W* –\`dOV1D �\ZOa˜\– a*Y G,SaSW*FZ* [1YdD ˛*˜\ U1 ˜`–1\ Y\U

= t�1 YSaWS 4* a1+1 ™* aS Yd™*`D �\U a1�1f\,1 S VW\ZS a1 4W*r L�\aW\,Sg1 7B;M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙* WS a*Y 4*,Sa*Z \™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,Sg*H 261

˙* +S ™`3*\ –\™ V\ZO˜`\W\Y V\`Sjc1[1˜1W1e\Z*E a˜*,S a,\OUSY –`SU*˜1XSY* ™\4Z*[* ™* –\a˜\US ,`1OY1 V*™* SY Z1c1j\™Y*f \™—\,\`S˜S Z*–\`dVdE SY1UW SWS ˜1OW1e\ZaVS –\4S,D

�˚� ��

\™Z\a a –\`\™Sg\YE –* S Z1VSY –`SU*˜1XSY*D �*™*EV*™ a*Y d Z1V\Y ™`dj˜,dE ™1j*,* a1 ™* Y1 –`1VSZd d–\W* `1h1ZSg1 `1hSY*B G�*h1V*U Y*W\D �\`*Y ™* \™—\O,\`SY Z* \,d –\`dVdDF �\ U1 U1™*Z \™ `*4W\—* 4*j˜\ ZSOa*Y ˜*V\ +WSaV* a [SY*r L"S`WSMD˙* WS a1 ™1j*,* ™* hS˜*j SWS j*X1j –\`dV1 ™\V

,\4SjE ™\V aS Z* h*ad d jV\WS SWS Z* Z1V\Y a*a˜*ZOVd a* ad,1`ZSgSY*H

O ˙* O �1

�*™* `*4—\,*`*j a –\`\™Sg\Y SWS –`SU*˜1XSY*E ™*WS a˜*WZ\ j*X1j Y1UW\,1E ˜1W1e\ZS`*j SWS j*X1j��H O ˙* O �1

˙* WS 4+\— V\`Sjc1[* 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,* Z1 a–*O,*j ™\,\XZ\ S 4*–\a˜*,X*j dh1[1H O ˙* O �1

˙* WS aS 4*–*4S\ ™* U1 –\˜`1+Z\ ™* Z*–`*,Sj Z1V1S4Y1Z1H �V\ U1 ˜*V\E \aY\˜`S aW1™1c1 –`1™W\—1D

�*V\ +S˜S d`*,Z\˜131Z�V\WSV\ V\`Sa˜Sj Z1Vd 1W1V˜`\ZaVd a–`*,d P +SW\

™* U1 d –S˜*[d V\Y–Ud˜1`E Y\+SWZS ˜1W1e\Z S ˜\Y1aWShZ\P –\a˜*,S a1+S h1˜S`S –S˜*[* V\U* aW1™1D �SO+WSUaVS a*,1˜SE V*\ S Z1V1 a˜,*`S V\U1 ˜`1+* SWS Z1˜`1+* ™* hSZSjE –\Y\cS c1 ˜S ™* Z1 ™\4,\WSj 1W1VO˜`\ZaVSY a–`*,*Y* ™* 4*,W*™*Ud ˜,\USY 3S,\˜\YD˘ *V*, U1 a*™`3*UH t"˜\ U1 —\™ Sa˜SZS˜\E j˜\ U1 —\™–W1Y1ZS˜\E j˜\ U1 —\™ –`*,1™Z\E j˜\ U1 —\™ hSa˜\E j˜\U1 —\™ ™\–*™XS,\E j˜\ U1 —\™ –\f,*WZ\E j˜\ U1 —\™ h1Oa˜S˜\ S j˜\ U1 —\™ f,*W1 ,`1™Z\E \ ˜\Y1 `*4YSjX*U˜1rL�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B<MD

’’ �1V\WSV\ a˜,*`S YS U1 –\Y\—W\ ™*a*,W*™*Y 4*,SaZ\a˜ \™ —W1™*[* ˜1W1,S4SU1D�*˜1`*W* a*Y a1+1 ™* \—`*ZShSY ,`1Y1—W1™*[*D �˜*WZ\ a*Y –`Sh*W* a Y*Y\Y\ a,\Y –`\+W1YdD �*V\01 a*Y a1 S –dZ\Y\WSW*‘‘ L�1˜WSZM

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 7>D �� 6D ��E 7>D ��

262 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�V\WSV\ YS V\`Sjc1[1 ...............................................

S4Y*VZ1 V\Z˜`\WSE –`\,1jcd a*Y\ ................... a*˜S

Z1™1XZ\ d V\`Sjc1[d ˜1 a–`*,Sg1D

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdIı

� ˙\+`\ U1 ™* \a˜*Z1j d V\Z˜*V˜da –`SU*˜1XSY* S –\`\™Sg\Y ™* +S a [SY*–\™1WS\ W1–1 ,1a˜S S a,\U* `*4YSjX*[*

L�\aW\,Sg1 69B69C ˚e1j*ZSY* 8B6=MD� �\—`1jZ\ U1 ™* jS`Sj ˜`*h1,1E ˜1Va˜\,1 SWS

aWSV1 Z1Y\`*WZ\— a*™`3*U* S ™* —W1™*j Z1Y\`*WZ1,S™1\OVWS–\,1 S –`\—`*Y1 L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B9C 5D �1O˜`\,* 8B59MD˘ *™* Sf V\`Sa˜SYH t�,1 SY* a,\U1 ,`1Y1r L�`\–\O,1™ZSV 7B5MD

� ˙\+`\ U1 ™* \™`1™Sj V\WSV\ ,`1Y1Z* Y\31 ™* ˜S\™1 Z* ˜1W1e\ZaV1 –\4S,1 S –\`dV1E —W1™*[1 –`\—`*OY* S S—`*[1 S—`Sg*D

� �\—`1jZ\ U1 ™* ™\4,\WSj ™* ˜S 1W1V˜`\ZaV1a–`*,1 \™d4SY*Ud ,`1Y1 V\U1 aS \™,\US\ 4* –`SU*˜1X1S –\`\™SgdE 4* –`\dh*,*[1 SWS dh1jc1 d ™df\,ZSY

˙* WS ˜S SY*j ,W*a˜ Z*™ a,\USY1W1V˜`\ZaVSY a–`*,*Y* SWS \Z1SY*Ud ,W*a˜ Z*™ ˜\+\YH

*V˜S,Z\a˜SY* L˚e1j*ZSY* 9B59O5;C �SWS–X*ZSY*6B8MD˘ � VSY a*Y d V\Z˜*V˜dH t�1 4*,*`*,*U˜1 a1I �\j1™`dj˜,\ V,*`S ™\+`1 Z*,SV1r L5D �\`SZc*ZSY*59B77MD

� ˙\+`\ U1 ™* V\`Sa˜Sj 1W1V˜`\ZaV1 a–`*,1 ™* +S\U*h*\ ,141 a* \ZSY* V\US –\4S˜S,Z\ d˜Shd Z* ˜1+1L�\aW\,Sg1 66B5;MD

� �\—`1jZ\ U1 *V\ YSaWSj ™* Z1c1j –\–`SYS˜SY1`SW*E U14SV S `*4YSjX*[* \ZSf a V\USY* a1 ™`dO3Sj –`1V\ SY1UW\,*E �� –\`dV*E ˜1W1,S4SU1E ,S™1\OOaZSY*V* S SZ˜1`Z1˜* L�\aW\,Sg1 57B6>MD˘ \WSV\ YS ,`1Y1Z* \™1H G�`\ad™S˜1 j˜* U1 Z*U,*O3ZSU1F L�SWS–X*ZSY* 5B5>MD

� ˙\+`\ U1 ™* ,\™Sj 1,S™1ZgSUd V\WSV\ ,`1Y1Z*–`\,\™Sj d4 Z1Vd 1W1V˜`\ZaVd a–`*,dD

� �\—`1jZ\ U1 *V\ S—Z\`Sj1j –`SY1™+1 a,\USf–`SU*˜1X* SWS `\™S˜1X* V*™* ˜S V*3d ™* –`1,SOj1 ,`1Y1Z* –`\,\™Sj a Z1VSY 1W1V˜`\ZaVSY d`10*OU1Y L�\aW\,Sg1 6:B56MD*ZSU1 gS˜S`*ZS �Z™`1U Z* W1– Z*hSZ adYS`* j˜*

U1 d`*,Z\˜131Z\ V\`Sjc1[1 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,Sg*D�Z V*31B t˚W1V˜`\ZaV1 a–`*,Sg1 ad ad–1`E *WS a*Y\*V\ Sf V\`Sa˜Sj V`*˜V\D * a*Y d ˜\Y1 da–1\ S a*™*,Sj1 Z1 ™\4,\X*,*Y ™* ˜1fZ\W\—SU* a˜,\`S U*4 S4Y1O0d Y1Z1 S Y\U1 –\`\™Sg1 S –`SU*˜1X*Dr

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� *V\ Y\31j d+1™S˜S`\™S˜1X1 ™* ˜1 –da˜1 ™* a1 Y*W\ –`\,1™1jH

264 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ ˜S Y\31 +S˜S ˜1jV\ ™* d,S™Sj ™* aS–\a˜*\ 4*,Sa*Z \™ ˜1fZ\W\jVSf Z*–`*,*H

˘ "˜* +S a1 Y\—W\ ™1aS˜S *V\ Z1 +S V\Z˜`\WSa*\d–\˜`1+d 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf a–`*,*H

"� � �˚��H

37

˛*j˜\ Y1 `\™S˜1XSZ1 –da˜1 ™* a1 Z1V*™

–`\,1™1YH˛* ˚WSa\Z S4 da˜`*WSU1E a,*VS –\Z1™1X*V dUd˜`\ djV\WS Sa˜* –`Sh* \™ V\U1 U\U U1 YdV*Dt�,1 ™`d—*`Sg1 –`Sh*Ud j˜* ad `*™SW1 4* ,SV1Z™rEV*31 \Z*D t�`Sh*Ud ˜*V\ d4+d™XS,1 –`Sh1E Z* –`SOY1`E Z* V\WSV\ ad 3d`VS +SW1E a* V\WSV\ Y\Y*V* ada1 –\Xd+SW1E h*V S ™* ad +13*W1 \™ –\WSgSU1DDD ˛,dhSa˜`*jZ\E *WS S –`SY*YXS,\I `*c*Ud a1 VdcS dUd˜`\d –1˜ S [Sf\,SY `\™S˜1XSY* ˜\ Z1 aY1˜*D U* Y\`*Yd V`1,1˜ S –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ \Z1 V`1Zd d 3S,\˜It�*V\Z j˜\ YS Sa–`Sh*Ud a,\U1 *VgSU1 ˜\V\Y ,SOV1Z™*E –S˜*Ud Y1 j˜* a*Y U* `*™SW*DDD �YE * U* a*YSjW* Z* a*a˜*Z*V S +SW* d aWd3+SD ˛*Sa˜* \a1c*YV*V\ a*Y –`\–da˜SW* ™* a1 Y*W\ 4*+*,SYD ˛*˜\ SY\+ShZ\ V*31Y ™* ZSa*Y ZSj˜* `*™SW*D \Z1 Y1 \Z™*–S˜*Ud 4*j˜\ ZSa*Y SjW* a [SY*Dt�*™* –`\01 –\Z1™1X*VE YSaWSj ™* c1j Y*W\ \™*fOZd˜SD WS Z1I �™ d˜\`V* ,1c a,S –\hS[d ™* –`Sh*Ud \–`1™a˜\U1c1Y ,SV1Z™dD �* \+ShZ\ a1™SY S aWdj*Yj˜* \ZS —\,\`1D �a1c*Y V*V\ a˜`*jZ\ \™d™*`*Y \™a,SfIr

˙� �� S ˜S –\Z1™1XV\Y dUd˜`\ d jV\WS aWdj*jaWShZ1 –`Sh1H �\3™* YSaWSj V*V\ U1 ,*Z Vdc1 a˜`*O,* –`\,\™E * ˜S aS 4*VXdh*Z d [\UD �WS V*\ ™* aS d Z1OV\Y 4*+*,Z\Y –*`VdE *WS ˜S `\™S˜1XS Z1 ™*Ud ™* a1–`\,\4*j ZSU1™*Z V`d—D �1 31WSj ˜S ™* `*™Sj a,1j˜\ `*™1 ˜,\US ™`d—\,SD �*Y\ +S ,\W1\ ™* a1 –\Z1V*™W1–\ –`\,1™1jD �* –`SY1`E j˜* +S Z*U`*™SU1 `*™S\d aW\+\™Z\ ,`1Y1 \,\— ,SV1Z™*H

O \˜Sj*\ Z* –Sc1 O Sj*\ Z* V\Zg1`˜O Sj*\ Z*3d`Vd O ™`d—\O —W1™*\ Z1VS eSWY .................................................

�*`*,Z\E 4*+*,* ˜S U1 –\˜`1+Z*D � a˜,*`SE Z*j�˜,\`S˜1X 31WS ™* d3S,*j d a,\U\U YW*™\a˜S L�`\O–\,1™ZSV 7B5E 8MD � ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS ˜*V\01 31W1 ™* ˜S+d™1 W1–\E S*V\ ˜S a1 –\Z1V*™ hSZS ™* ZSU1 ˜*V\D �1O0d˜SYE \ZS ,1`\,*˜Z\ SY*Ud aW1™1c* ™,* \–`*,™*OZ* `*4W\—* 4* 4*+`SZd˜\a˜B L5M j˜* c1j `*™S˜S SL6M a VSY c1j +S˜SD"˜* *V\ aS –\4,*Z ™* S4*01j a Z1VSY ™`dj˜,\YE

*WS ZSaS aS—d`*Z V*V\ c1 `1*—\,*˜S ˜,\US `\™S˜1XSH*4Y\˜`S aW1™1c1 ˜`S \–gSU1 S ™\ h1—* \Z1 ,\™1D

�̋�� ˚ ��P �˚˙�� ˛*j˜\ Y\3™* `*4YSjX*j \ \,\U \–gSUSD �\c1j

™* 4*™S,Sj a,\U1 ™`dj˜,\ ˜SY1 V*V\ aS a*Y\a˜*W*ZD�SaWSj V*V\ 4Z*j ,Sj1 \™a,\USf `\™S˜1X* SWS aW*O+\ g1ZSj [Sf\,\ YSjX1O[1 L�\aW\,Sg1 58B5<MD˙\ h1—* ,\™SD �,\US –`SO

U*˜1XS Y\—d +S˜S 4*™S,X1OZSE *WS ˜*V\01 af,*˜*Ud U\jZ1j˜\ P ™* aS a–`1Y*Z™* ,*`*jD �V\ aS a–`1Y*Z™* –`101j a,\U1 `\™S˜1OX1E \Z™* aS Y\3™* a–`1Y*Z™* –`101j S [SfD �V\ ˜,\OUS `\™S˜1XS \˜V`SUd j˜* aS

ı

266 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�\3™* YSaWSj V*V\ad ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS –`1O,Sj1 \–`14ZSD �WS \ZS˜1 ,\W1D �V\WSV\ Z1`*4dY1Ud j˜* ˜`*3SjSWS SY Z1™\a˜*Ud Z1VS,*3ZS ™1˜*XS d ˜,\U\U–`ShSE ,1WSV* U1 ,1`\O,*˜Z\c* ™* ˜1 Z1c1–da˜S˜S ™* S™1jD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

d`*™S\E +Sc1 –\,`101ZS S S4Z1,1`1ZSE * ˜S c1j ,1O`\,*˜Z\ ™\+S˜S Z1V1 4*+`*Z1I �1 aWdj*˜S `\™S˜1X1S \˜ScS +14 [Sf\,\— 4Z*[* 4*Sa˜* U1 Z1–`\YSjX1Z–\˜14 L�\aW\,Sg1 56B59MD

�̋�� ˚ ��P �˚ ��˛*j˜\ Y\3™* `*4YSjX*j \ \,\U \–gSUSD �S˜*j

a1 ™* WS ™* S4*01j a ™`dj˜,\YE *WS d,S0*j ™* +Sa˜1`*™SWS Z1j˜\j˜\ U1 d ad–`\˜Z\a˜S a ˜,\USY –`SZgSO–SY* SWS ™* Z1VS –\4,*ZS ZSad +*j Z*UO™`dj˜,\L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 59B77C �SWS–X*ZSY* 8B<MD � ™`d—1a˜`*Z1E Y\3™* ˜S a1 S™1E *WS Z1Y*j f`*+`\a˜S ™* –SO˜*j `\™S˜1X1D˙\ h1—* ,\™SD �V\ Z1 S™1j 4*˜\ j˜\ ,S™Sj ™* +S

˜\ +SW\ –\—`1jZ\E SY*c1j ,Sj1 a*Y\–\d4™*[* V*™*\™—\,*`*j a,\USY –`SU*˜1XSY*D �WS *V\ Z1 S™1ja*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ Z1 aY1j ™* –S˜*j `\™S˜1X1E Y\3™*c1j a1 Z* V`*Ud aY*`*˜S V\™ Vdc1 S YSaWS˜S V*V\ U1O™SZ\ ˜S ZS—™1 Z1 S™1jD

�̋�� P �� ˙˚��˛*j˜\ Y\3™* `*4YSjX*j \ \,\U \–gSUSD �`S4Z*O

U1j `\™S˜1XaVS *d˜\`S˜1˜S g1ZSj [Sf\,\ YSjX1O[1 L�\W\j*ZSY* 7B6>MD \OWSj a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 S Z131WSj ™* Sf –\,`1™Sj˜SY1 j˜\ +S `*™S\ Z1j˜\S4* [Sf\,Sf W10* L�\aW\O,Sg1 5>B5MD �*V\01 SY*j–`SWSVd ™* S4Z1a1j a,\UdY\W+dD˙\ h1—* ,\™SD \™S˜1O

XS d,S0*Ud ™* Sf ,\WSj S

= t�d™S Yd™*`E aSZ1 Y\UE S \+`*™dUYS a`g1r L�\aW\,Sg1 6;B55M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˛*j˜\ Y1 `\™S˜1XS Z1 –da˜1 ™* a1 Z1V*™ –`\,1™1YH 267

*™ S™1j Z* Z1Vd 3d`OVdE d,1V SY*U a–`1YX1Zt–W*Z 4* 1aVS,S`*[1rD�`1 Z1—\ j˜\ ˜*Y\\™1jE +d™S aS—d`*Zj˜* c1j d`*™S˜S SWS`1cS ˜*V\ ™*E dV\WSV\+d™1 –\˜`1+Z\E hSa˜1a*,1a˜S \™1j \™*˜W1D

�˚� ��

–\j˜dU1jD �V\ ,S™1 ™* U1 ˜\ j˜\ ˜`*3Sj `*4dYZ\EY\—WS +S ˜1 –da˜S˜S ™* S™1jD

˛*j˜\ `\™S˜1XS Y\3™* V*3d tZ1r"˜* *V\ ˜1 `\™S˜1XS Z1 –da˜1H �\ Y\31 +S˜S

˜1jV\D �10d˜SYE V*™* a˜,*`S a*—W1™*j S4 [Sf\,\—d—W*E W*Vj1 c1j –`Sf,*˜S˜S Z1V* \—`*ZSh1[*D �*–`SY1`E Y\3™* ZSad a–`1YZS ™* ˜S d™\,\X1 S4 Z1V\—\™ aW1™1cSf `*4W\—*D1c1 4Z*[1 S SaVda˜,\D �V\WSV\ +S Y\—*\ ™* +SO

`*jE aS—d`Z\ +S `*™SU1 –WS,*\ Z* –W*3S Z* V\U\U –\Oa˜\U1 a–*aS\gSD ˛*j˜\H ˛*˜\ j˜\ ™\V d3S,*j d ,\™SZSaS ™\,\XZ\ a,1a˜*Z Y\—dcSf \–*aZ\a˜SD �WS a–*OaS\gS SY*Ud \™WSh*Z –\W\3*U a V\— SY*Ud +\Xd –`1O—W1™Z\a˜ S Y\—d 4*–*4S˜S Z1Vd \–*aZ\a˜D�WShZ\ ˜\Y1E –\j˜\ SY*Ud ,1c1 4Z*[1 S SaVda˜,\E

S ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS 4Z*Ud ™* –\a˜\U1 \–*aZ\a˜S V\U1 ˜SZ1 ,S™SjD �*\ ZS a–*aS\gS Z* –W*3SE ZS \ZS Z131W1 ™* ˜S –\V,*`1 d3S,*[1E ,1c a*Y\ ™* ˜S –\Y\—OZd ™* S4+1—Z1j \–*aZ\a˜S V\U1 +S ˜S Y\—W1 –\V,*`SO˜S d3S,*[1 d 3S,\˜dD�ZS ˜1 ,\W1D \™S˜1XS SY*Ud aZ*3Zd 31Xd ™* 4*O

j˜S˜1 a,\U1 ™1˜1D �d+*, Sf Z*,\™S ™* ™*Ud a,\U –`SOa˜*Z*V V*™* Y\—dE *WS S ™* Z1j˜\ Z1 ™\4,\W1 V*™*˜*V\ Y\`*UdD �*™* Sf –S˜*j 4* ™\4,\Wd ™* Z1j˜\ d`*O™SjE \ZS a*YS a1+1 –`1Sa–S˜dUd ™* WS Y\—d ™* ˜S d™\O,\X1 S –\aW1 3S,1 a* \ZSY ™\ h1—* +S ˜\ Y\—W\ ™\,1Oa˜SD �™—\,\`Sc1 –\˜,`™Z\ S a1+S S ˜1+S a*Y\ *V\ add `*4dYZ\U Y1`S aS—d`ZS ™* ˜S a1 ZSj˜* W\j1 Z1c1™1aS˜SD

’’ �S\ a*Y ˜*V\ —Wd– V*™ a*Y +S\ YW*0SD�a–\a˜*,SW\ a1 ™* Z1V1 a˜,*`S V\U1 ad+SW1 Ga˜`*,* 4*+*,*FE ™d—\`\hZ\ —W1™*Z\E˜\ +*j S ZSad +SW1D �*™O˜*™ a˜ScS c1 ˜1\Z\j˜\ `*™SjD �*U1Y a1j˜\ ZSa*YaWdj*\ `\™S˜1X1‘‘ L�\U*ZM

� "˚ � �� ˚� � "˚ � �� ˚� � 6D ��E 76D �� 6D ��E 76D ��

268 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*V\ ™* –\,1c*j j*Za1 ™* ™\+SU1j–`Sa˜*Z*V�1˜S`S e*V˜\`* S—`*Ud dW\—dD�aV`1Z\a˜D �`,\ Y\`*j a1+S SaV`1Z\ \™—\,\`S˜S

Z* aW1™1c* –S˜*[*B G�\US U1 –`*,S `*4W\— 4+\— h1—*31WSY ™* S™1YH ˙* WS 4*˜\ j˜\ YS a1 S™1 SWS 4*˜\j˜\ 31WSY ™* a1 dVW\–SY d ™`dj˜,\H ˙* WS 4*˜\ j˜\c1 ˜*Y\ +S˜S Z1V\ V\ YS a1 a,S0*HF � \Z™* SaV`1Z\–\`*4—\,*`*U a `\™S˜1XSY*D � \ZS ad Z1V*™* +SWSYW*™S S ™\+`\ ˜1 –\4Z*UdD ˛*˜\ c1 S\Z*V\ –`\,*WS˜S4*j˜\ 31WSj ™* S™1jD �V\ aS SaV`1ZE \ZS c1 ˜\ g1OZS˜SE * ˜S c1j Z1j˜\ Z*dhS˜S \™ [Sf L�\aW\,Sg1

�\–d˜ a–*aS\g* Z* –W*3SE˜,\US `\™S˜1XS SY*Ud+\Xd –`1—W1™Z\a˜ ™*4*–*41 \–*aZ\a˜

�V\WSV\ a*,1a˜ –\hZ1 ™* Y1 \–˜1`1cdU1 4+\—\Z\— j˜\ ,S™SY SWS hdU1Y ˜\V\Y Z1V\— eSWY*SWS ™\V a*Y Z* Z1V\U 3d`gSE U* cd

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

;B5E 6MD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ aS Z1SaV`1ZE \ZS c1 –\Oa˜*˜S adY[Sh*,S S Y*[1 ad j*Za1 ™* ˜1 –da˜1D�`*,S ˜`1Zd˜*VD �1Y\U —[*,S˜S `\™S˜1X1 hSY

™\0d a –\aW* SWS V*™* ad V\Zg1Z˜`Sa*ZS Z* Z1j˜\™`d—\D �`S0S SY V*™ ad \–dj˜1ZSD �WS Z1Y\U h1V*˜SZS 4*™[S YSZd˜ S ˜1`*˜S Sf ™* ˜S \™Y*f \™—\,\`1D�ZS Z1 ,\W1 ™* +`4\ ™\Z\a1 \™WdV1D �S˜*U Sf ™\,\XOZ\ dZ*–`1™E ™*UdcS SY ,`1Y1Z* ™* `*4YSaW1 S \ZS c1g1ZS˜S j˜\ aS ˜*V\ –*3XS,D�`*,1 `1hSD�1Y\U +S˜S Z1\™`101ZD *aZ\ SY S4Z1O

aS j˜* 31WSjD \™S˜1X1 +`SZd \™—\,\`S ˜S–*B t�14Z*YrE –\a1+Z\ V*™* ˜1 –S˜*UdB t�\ c1 ˜*Y\ +S˜SHrEt˙* WS c1 +S˜S Z1V\ a˜*`SUSHrE t�*™* c1 a1 4*,`jSO˜SHr�˜*,D �1Y\U Z* a,\U1 `\™S˜1X1 —W1™*˜S V*\ Z* Z1O

–`SU*˜1X1D �W1™*U Sf V*\ Z* ™1\ a,\— ˜SY*E U1` V*™ a1a,1 d4Y1 d \+4S`E \ZS ˜\ S U1adD �V\ Sf ,S™Sj Z* a,\U\Ua˜`*ZSE \Z™* Z1c1j +S˜S `*˜\+\`*ZE * \ZS c1 +S˜Sa–`1YZSUS Z* a*`*™[dD �4+1—*,*U ™* SY —\,\`Sj Z1Oj˜\ V*\B tS YS Z1 ,1`dU1˜1rE t�,S ˜\ `*™1r S t\™S˜1OXS Y\USf ™`d—\,* [SY* ˜\ ™\–dj˜*UdrD �\V*3S `\™SO˜1XSY* ™* aS ™\,\XZ\ 4`1\ ™* a1 –\YS`Sj a[Sf\,\Y\™WdV\Y S ™* U1 Sa–\j˜dU1jD �V\ ˜\ hSZSjE S \ZS c1–\j˜\,*˜S ˜1+1D �Z™* c1 aW1™1c1— –d˜* +S˜S a–`1YOZSUS ™* ˜1 –da˜1D

270 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˛*j˜\ Y\3™* Z1`*™\ \˜V`S,*j `\™S˜1XSY*a,1 ™1˜*X1 V*™* ˜`1+* ™* ˜S Z1j˜\ ™\4,\W1H

˘ \U1 +S Y\—W1 +S˜S –\aW1™Sg1 *V\ ˜S `\™S˜1XSZ1j˜\ ™\4,\W1E *WS aS –`S ˜\Y 4*˜*US\ ,*3Z1hS[1ZSg1H

"� � �˚��H

�–SjS Z1™*,Zd aS˜d*gSUd V*™* ˜1 `\™S˜1XS ZSad –dOa˜SWS ™* S™1j Z1—™1 ™* +S a1 4*+*,S\ S j˜* YSaWSj4*j˜\ `\™S˜1XS –\Z1V*™ Z1 d™\,\X1 ˜,\USY 31X*Y*D

�*,1™S Z1V1 a˜,*`S S4 \,\— ™1W* V\U1 ˜S Y\—d –\Y\cS™* ˜S `\™S˜1XS h1jc1 ™\4,\W1 \Z\ j˜\ ˜`*3SjD

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV6��˙�� ˚�˚

ı

271

7��˝��

27

3�*V\d3S,*˜Sd[\UH

28

0�SX1,S

38

�*V\ ™* d3S,*Yd aWd31[d �\—dH

"1aZ*1a˜\—\™Sj[S �,*Z W13S Z* a,\Y V`1,1˜dD�1—\,* Y*UV* a˜\US Z* ,`*˜SY*D ta˜*UE �,*Z1IrEa˜`\—\ Yd V*31D t˛Z*j ™* ,1h1`*a SY*Y\a*a˜*Z*VIr �,*Z \™`*a˜* d –\`\™SgS �,1™\V* S–`Sada˜,\,*[1 f`Sjc*ZaVSY a*a˜*ZgSY* ,1\Y*U1 ,*3Z\ d [1—\,\U –\`\™SgSD �10d˜SYE d 4*™[1,`1Y1 [1Yd a1 +*j S Z1 S™1 Z* a*a˜*ZV1Dt˙*UE Y*Y*rE +dZS a1 \ZE t4*` +*j Y\`*Y ™*S™1YHrt�`1a˜*ZS ™* VdV*jE ,1c a1 a–`1Y*UrE V*31 \Z*Dt�1 31WSY ™* \–1˜ V*aZSY\Dr ˛*˜SY a1 \V`1c1 S\a˜*,X* �,*Z*Dt�dUE Y*Y*rE ™\+*gdU1 \Z ™\V —* \Z* U\j Y\31hd˜SD t�\ U1 Y\3™* ˜,\U* `1WS—SU*E *WS ˜\Z1 4Z*hS ™* U1 S Y\U*Dr ˛Z* ™* —* U1 Y*UV*hdW*E U1` U1 Z* ˜`1Zd˜*V 4*a˜*W*E * \Z™*+14 SU1™Z1 `1hS \˜SjW*D�,*Zd U1 V`S,\ j˜\ U1 ˜\ `1V*\D �ZZ1 31WS ™* –\,`1™S Y*UVdD WS Z131WS ZS ™* a1 S4,SZSD �1™SZ\ j˜\ Yd–`1\a˜*U1 U1a˜1 ™* a1 a–`1YS S V`1Z1D4™SjdcS –\hS[1 ™* a1 a–`1Y*D ˛*˜SYV*31 d a1+SB t�`1 SWS V*aZSU1E U* cd\™WdhS˜S ™* WS 31WSY ™* –\a˜*Z1Y�,1™\V SWS Z1D �* ZSa*Y V*\ ™`d—S d˙,\`*ZS �`*X1,a˜,*D �SaWSY ™* ˜\ZSU1 4* Y1Z1Dr

273

˙� �� aS a1 SV*™* \a1c*\ –\–d˜ �,*Z*H ˙* WS ˜Sa1 –\Z1V*™ hSZS ™* ™`d—S d3S,*Ud d f`Sjc*ZaVSY*V˜S,Z\a˜SY*E * ™* ˜S ˜\ `*™Sj a*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ Y\O`*jH �* –`SY1`B

˘ ˙* WS U1 –`\dh*,*[1 �S+WSU1 4* ˜1+1 V*\ U\j U1O™*Z ™\Y*cS 4*™*˜*VH

˘ ˙* WS \a1c*j \™+\UZ\a˜ –`1Y* aWd3+S \™ ,`*O˜* ™\ ,`*˜*H

˘ ˙* WS a1 h1a˜\ ™\a*0dU1j Z* a*a˜*ZgSY*H�1Y\U a1 \+1af`*+`S˜S *V\ aS –\˜,`™Z\ \™—\,\O

`S\D �\31j Z*dhS˜S ™* d3S,*j d aWd3+S �\—dD�aY\˜`SY\ V*V\D

5̋D ��˚� �`\dh*,*[1 �S+WSU1˛*j˜\ ZSU1 W*V\D �\3™* YSaWSj V*V\ ˜S ZSaS

˜S– 4* Z1VS dYZS `*™D �1 ™`3S ˜1 Y1a˜\ P ˜1jV\˜S U1 ™* a1™Sj S V\Zg1Z˜`Sj1j a1I �\`1™ ˜\—*E 4*`˜S ZSU1 ™\a˜* dh1[* 4* jV\WdH˛*j˜\ S–*V ˜`1+*D �S+WSU* Z1 a*Y\ j˜\ U1 Z*O

–Sa*Z* –\™ �\3USY Z*™*fZdc1Y ,1c U1 S tV\`SOaZ* 4* dh1[1 S –\Y*—*[1 Xd™SY* ™* a1 –\–`*,1 SZ*dh1 V*V\ ˜`1+* ™* 3S,1r L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B5:E Con-temporary English VersionMD �`\dh*,*[1 �S+WSU1 S™d+\V\ `*4YSjX*[1 \ –`\hS˜*Z\Y Y\31 ˜S \˜,\O`S˜S –\˜–dZ\ Z\,1 f\`S4\Z˜1 d 3S,\˜dD ˙* +d™1Y\SaV`1ZSE ZSj˜*j˜\ U1 ,`1™Z\ Z1 ™\W*4S +14 ˜`d™*D�V\WSV\ 31WSj ™* +d™1j ™\+*` d Z1V\Ua–\`˜aV\U ™SagS–WSZSE ˜`1+* ™* Z*dOhSj –`*,SW* S—`1 S ™* ˜`1ZS`*jD �V\OWSV\ 31WSj ™* +d™1j d ™\+`\U e\`YSE˜`1+* ™* ,13+*jD �WShZ\ ˜\Y1E dV\WSOV\ 31WSj ™* d–\4Z*j a,\— �˜,\`S˜1OX*E ˜`1+* ™* hS˜*j [1—\,d 1hD"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t� a`1™O

[\U jV\WS a*Y a1 Z*jW* –`1™ Z1VSY,*3ZSY3S,\˜ZSY \™WdV*Y*D �V\ Y1Z1

274 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

ad 0*gS `*™SWS YZ\—1 W\j1 a˜,*`S S U* a*Y Y\`*OW* `*4YSaWS˜S \ \,SY –S˜*[SY*B G˙* WS U1 ˜\ \Z\j˜\ 31WSYH ˙* WS ad S–*V Y\US `\™S˜1XS d –`*,dH�\`*W* a*Y a*Y* ™\cS ™\ ˜Sf \™—\,\`*F r L�1\™\`*MDt�,1V a*Y ,1`\,*W* ™* U1 \Z\ h1Yd Y1 `\™S˜1XS

–\dh*,*Ud ˜*hZ\E *WS a*Y a1 Y\`*W* a*Y* d ˜\ d,1O`S˜SD �\`*W* a*Y ˜\ da,\US˜S V*\ a,\Ud `1WS—SUdE *Z1 a*Y\ V*\ Z1j˜\ d j˜* Y\U* –\`\™Sg* ,1`dU1rL�SZ*MD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SD �*–`*,S –`\—`*Y –`\dh*O

,*[* –`SW*—\01Z a,\USY –\˜`1+*Y* S SZ˜1`1a\,*O[SY*D �*Y \™*+1`S V\U1 ˜1Y1 31WSj ™* Sa˜`*3SjD�™*VW1 Y\31j –\h1˜SH ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S V`1Zd\ \™ �SO+WSU1 S ™1˜*XZ\ Sa–S˜*\ a,\U* ,1`\,*[*E Y\3™*–\Y\cd V[S—1 "˜* �S+WSU* 4*Sa˜* Z*dh*,*H �

� �4™*WS 1f\,SZS a,1™\gSD

=G�`1\+`*4S˜1 a1 \+Z*,X*[1Y a,\— dY*E™* d˜,`™S˜1 j˜* U1 �\3U* ,\X* P j˜* U1

™\+`\E d—\™Z\ S a*,`j1Z\FL�SYX*ZSY* 56B6M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

�V\ 31WSj ™* +d™1j d eS4ShV\Ue\`YSE ˜`1+* ™* ,13+*jD�V\ 31WSj ™* +d™1j d ™df\,Z\Ue\`YSE ˜`1+* ™* –`\dh*,*j �\3Ud �1h

275

�*gS a1 Z* –\a*\I �˜*,S 4Z*V � –\`1™ ™,1 SWS˜`S ˜1Y1 \ V\USY* +S ,\W1\ Z1j˜\ ,Sj1 ™* a*4Z*jSWS Z*–SjS Z1Vd ™`d—dD

O ˙* WS –\a˜\US �\—HO �*V\ ™* +d™1Y aS—d`*Z ™* U1 �\— Z*™*fZd\ 4*–SaS,*[1�S+WSU1H

O ˛*j˜\ ™* ,1`dU1Y d a˜,*`*[1E * Z1 d 1,\WdgSUdHO "˜* U1 �\3U1 �`*X1,a˜,\ S V*V\ Y\—d ™\V*4*˜S ™* –\a˜\USHO �*V\ Y\—d \+U*aZS˜S j˜* a1 ™1j*,* –`SWSV\Y aY`˜SHO ˛*j˜\ Y\—d +S˜S aS—d`*Z ™* c1 +S˜S daV`a1[1HO �*V\ Y\—d 4Z*˜S V\U* U1 –`*,* `1WS—SU*H

ı..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

6̋D ��˚� h1a˜,\,*[1 d aWd3+S˛*j˜\ ZSU1 W*V\D *4—\,*`*˜S a Z1VSY \ �S+WSO

US SWS Z*ScS d aWd3+S Z* Z1V\— S4 jV\W1 Y\31+S˜S a˜`*jZ\D˛*j˜\ S–*V ˜`1+*D �ada U1 a,\U1 dh1ZSV1 –\dO

hS\B t�˜,*`*U˜1 dh1ZSV1DDD dh1cS Sf ™* a1 ™`31a,1—* j˜\ a*Y ,*Y 4*–\,1™S\r L�*˜1U 6<B5=E 6>MD�WS –\a˜\U1 U\j Z1VS `*4W\4S 4*j˜\ ˜`1+* –`\O

–\,1™*˜SD �˜d™SU1 –\V*4dOUd ™* d Z1VSY Y1a˜SY* ,1OcSZ* ˜SZ1Ui1`* ,1`dU1 d�\—* S �S+WSUdD �* S–*VE˜S Sa˜S YW*™S Z1Y*Ud –`*O,d Z*™d 4* +d™dcZ\a˜D �dO™dcS ™* ˜S –`\dh*,*j�S+WSUdE \Z™* SY*j SZOe\`Y*gSU1 V\U1 YZ\—S ˜,\OUS ,`j[*gS ˜`*31 S V\U1ad SY –\˜`1+Z1I �*™* –`SOh*j a ™`d—SY* \ a,\USY ,1O

276 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�SU1 –\—`1jZ\ Sa–SO˜*˜S a,\U* ,1`\,*[*D� a˜,*`SE –\a˜*,X*˜S–S˜*[*E * 4*˜SY Sf SaO˜`*3S˜S U1a˜1 ™\+*`Z*hSZ ™* d˜,`™Sj ™*WS ad ˜,\U* ,1`\,*[*4*Sa˜* ˜*hZ* L˙1W**–\a˜\WaV* 5;B55MD

˙ � ˛��DDD?

`\,*[SY*E SY*c1j +\X1 YSjX1[1 \ a1+SE S j˜\U1 U\j ,*3ZSU1E \+`*™\,*c1j 1f\,SZ\ a`g1 L�\OaW\,Sg1 6;B55MD"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t�\U* –`SU*˜1XSg* S

U* aY\ –`S–`1Y*W1 1eSV*aZ1 d,\™1 S Z*dhSW1 aY\V*V\ ™* a*,W*™*,*Y\ –`S—\,\`1 S ,`jSY\ Z*VZ*™OZ1 –\a1˜1D �*™* a*Y –\h1W* ™* a1 ,Sj1 4*W*31Y daWd3+SE \Z* U1 –\a˜*W* 4*ZSYXS,SU*r L�1WSMDt 1™Z* a1a˜`* YS U1 YZ\—\E YZ\—\ –\Y\—W*I �Z* U1

j1a˜ —\™SZ* a˜*`SU* \™ Y1Z1 S ,\™S Y1 d aWd3+d S–\Z1V*™ –\4\,1 Z* ™\`dh*VD 1™Z\Y YS U1 –\V*4*OW* Z1V1 W1–1 a˜Sf\,1 V\US ad YS –\Y\—WS ™* –`1OSa–S˜*Y a,\U1 `*4YSjX*[1D ˛+\— [1Z\— –`1™S,OZ\— –`SY1`*E a*™* aWd3+d\+*,X*Y a ,Sj1 a`g*D �14Z*Y V*V\ ™* U\U 4*f,*WSYIr L�*YS`*MD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SD ˙\—\,\`S a1 a `\™S˜1XSO

Y* ™* d aVd–j˜SZS –\˜`*3Sj Z1V\— V\ U1 a˜*`SUS\™ ˜1+1 S ™* S™1j a [SY d aWd3+d L˙1W* *–\a˜\WOaV* 5:B5O7MD � �S+WSUS a˜\USB t�*\ j˜\ a1 —,\301—,\301Y \j˜`SE ˜*V\ h\,1V \j˜`S WSg1 ™`d—\— h\O,1V*r L�\aW\,Sg1 6;B5;MD 1\Y* U1 V\`SaZ\ ™`d3SO˜S a1 a* \ZSY* V\US SY*Ud +\—*˜\ 3S,\˜Z\ SaVda˜O,\D t� a˜,*`SE W*Vj1 U1 ™`d3S˜S a1 a* \ZSY* V\USad a˜*`SUSrE V*31 5=O—\™Sj[* �W1VaSaD�*gS a1 Z* –\a*\I �*–SjS SY1 Z1V\— S4 aVd–O

j˜SZ1 V\ +S ˜SE –\`1™ ˜,\USf `\™S˜1X*E Y\—*\ –\OY\cS d aWd3+SD

ı ..................................................................................................

7̋D ��˚� �`Sada˜,\,*[1 a*a˜*ZgSY*˛*j˜\ ZSU1 W*V\D �*V\Z g1W\— ™*Z* a1™1[* d

jV\WSE a*˜ S Z1j˜\ ,`1Y1Z* a1™1[* S aWdj*[*+S+WSUaVSf —\,\`* Y\31 S4—W1™*˜S V*\ ,1hZ\a˜D˛*j˜\ S–*V ˜`1+*D �S+WSU* –\™a˜Sh1 f`Sjc*O

Z1B t*4YSjX*UY\ U1™ZS \ ™`d—SY*E V*V\ +SaY\ a1

�*V\ ™* d3S,*Y d aWd31[d �\—dH 277

–\™a˜Sg*WS Z* Xd+*, S ™\+`* ™1W*E S Z1 –`\–dOj˜*UY\ a,\U1 a*a˜*ZV1E V*\ j˜\ Z1VS SY*Ud \+Sh*UEZ1—\ f`*+`SY\ U1™ZS ™`d—1E ˜SY ,Sj1 j˜\ ,S™S˜1™* a1 –`S+WS3*,* ™*Zr L 1,`1USY* 5>B68E 69MD"˜* V*3d ˜,\US ,`j[*gSD t�`S–`1Y*[1 4*

aVd–j˜SZaV1 a*a˜*ZV1 U1 *–a\Wd˜Z\ Z1\–f\™Z\D�\Z1V*™ a*Y\ ˜`1+* ™* a1 Y\˜S,Sj1jD �*™* a1–`S–`1YSjE \Z™* d3S,*j d a*a˜*ZgSY* U1` 4Z*j\ h1Yd U1 `1h S h*V Y\31j dh1a˜,\,*˜Sr L˚™S˜*MDt� U1™Z\Y ˜`1Zd˜Vd a*Y af,*˜SW* ™* ad YS a*O

a˜*ZgS YZ\—\ SZ˜1`1a*Z˜ZSUS V*™ V\Y1Z˜*`Sj1YZ* [SY*r L!1aSV*MD"˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SD �™,\U ,`1Y1 ™* a1 –`SO

–`1YSj S *V\ Y\31j ™*j +*`1Y U1™*Z V\Y1Z˜*`D

’’ �1WS—SU* d V\U\U a*Y ZSU1 a*Y\ `1WS—SU*Y\USf `\™S˜1X* ,1c S Y\U*D �1f\,* U1 Y\U �\—S Z1 31WSY ™* dhSZSY +SW\j˜*j˜\ c1Z*`djS˜S Y\U \™Z\a a [SY‘‘ L�*Y*Z˜*M

�™,\UScd ......... YSZd˜* 4* hS˜*[1 �S+WSU1a,*VS ™*Z S –`\,1jcd ......................... a,*V1 Z1™1X1d –`S–`1Y*[d 4* a*a˜*ZV1D

˙* +Sf SY*\ +\Xd –*3[d Z* a*a˜*ZgSY*EU* cd

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

"˜* +Sf \ \,\U ˜1YS ,\W1\ ™* –S˜*Y `\™S˜1X1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

,`1Y1 U1 4* *VgSUdI

ı

�*V\ c1j SY*˜S \a1c*U ™*aS dVXdh1Z d a*a˜*Z*VD˙* ˜\ –`SV*31Y\B �h1Yd

,Sj1 d3S,*jPd —W1™*[dZ1V1 d˜*VYSg1 SWS d S—`*O[dH �*`*,Z\E YZ\—\ U1W1–j1 dh1a˜,\,*˜S d d˜*VOYSgS Z1—\ a*Y\ —W1™*˜SD˛*j˜\ Z1 +S ˜*U a˜*, da,\OUS\ S V*™ a1 `*™S \ a*a˜*ZOgSY*H�*gS a1 Z* –\a*\I �*–SjS V\ZV`1˜Z\ ,`1Y1 V*O

™* +S d ˜\Vd a1™YSg1 Y\—*\ \™,\US˜S –\W* a*˜* ™*a1 –`S–`1YSj 4* Z1VS aVd–j˜SZaVS a*a˜*Z*VD

ı..................................................................................................

�Z\—S YW*™S ™\3S,X*,*Ud Sa˜SZS˜\a˜ �a*WY*78B<E d V\Y a˜\USB t�a–S˜*U˜1 S ,S™S˜1 ™* U1 1f\,*™\+*`Dr �*V\ ™1WdU1 Z* ˜1+1 V*™* hdU1j 4* Z1V\ dVdOaZ\ U1W\H ˛*` ZSU1 +\X1 V*™ —* S a*Y –`\+*jH �a˜\U1 S a* \+\3*,*[1Y �\—*D �*U+\X1 U1 ™* a*Y –`\+*jV\WSV\ U1 W1–\ dh1a˜,\,*˜S d ™df\,ZSY *V˜S,Z\Oa˜SY*D �S+WSU* V*31 ™* c1 \Z*U V\ ZSU1 a*Y\ aWdOj*h ,1c S S4,`jSW*g ™1W* t+S˜S a`1c*Z d \Z\Yj˜\ hSZSr L *V\,X1,* 5B69MD

� �˚˙˚�˚� �� *dhS V*V\ ™* –\a˜*,X*j S\a˜,*`dU1j gSX1,1D

�*V\ ™* d3S,*Y d aWd31[d �\—dH 279

�*+*,S Z1Vd a,1aVd S–\hZS ™* 4*–SadU1j—W*,Z1 ˜*hV1 Z* a*Oa˜*ZgSY*D �*V\ ˜S,`1Y1 +`31 –`\W*4SS +\X1 –*Y˜SjD

�˚� ��

˘ ˛*j˜\ +S ™df\,Z1 *V˜S,Z\a˜S Y\—W1 +S˜S™\a*™Z1 ˜SZ1Ui1`SY*H

˘ �* V\U\U +S \™ ˜`S ™df\,Z1 *V˜S,Z\a˜S \+`*01Z1d \,\Y –\—W*,Xd 31W1\ ™* `*™SjH

"� � �˚��H

� �S+WSUS a˜\USB t�1 4Z*˜1 V*V*, c1 ,*Y 3S,\˜ adO˜`* +S˜Sr L�*V\,X1,* 8B58MD �1V*™* aY`˜ Z1\h1VS,*OZ\ –`1VSZ1 3S,\˜ U1™Z1 YW*™1 \a\+1D ˙\V +d™1j hSO˜*\ \ *˜`SZS S *UWdE 4*–*4S ™* ad \ZSE ˜\V\Y a,\—V`*˜V\— 3S,\˜*E a˜1VWS ™\+`\ SY1 V\™ �1f\,1 �\—*˜*V\ j˜\ ad –\a˜*,X*WS S \a˜,*`S,*WS ™df\,Z1 gSOX1,1 L�`\–\,1™ZSV ;B5MD

*˜`SZ* U1 dY`W* a* 5< —\™SZ*E *WS U1 ,1c a* 57SY*W* a,\U t3S,\˜ZS –W*ZrE ˜\ U1a˜ a–Sa*V gSX1,*V\U1 U1 31W1W* ™* \a˜,*`SD �d ad +SWS \–j˜* –S\ZS`OaV* aWd3+*E aWd31[1 d 41YXS —™1 U1 +SW* –\˜`1+* 4*\+U*,S˜1XSY* S a*`*™[* a [1ZSY ˜*˜\Y d S4—`*™[S˙,\`*Z* `*X1,a˜,*D �Z* U1 Z*–Sa*W*B t�`1™*W* a*Ya,\U 3S,\˜ �1f\,S �\—dIr �1Z gSX U1 +S\ ™* t3S,S –\[1—\,SY Y1`SWSY*E Z* Z*hSZ V\US c1 —* `*™\,*˜SrD�* [1Z\U a*f`*ZSE +SW* U1 \–Sa*Z* V*\ t™S,Z* ™1,\UV*V\U* U1 g1\ a,\U 3S,\˜ Sa–W*ZS`*W* ™* –\a,1˜S �1f\O,SrD

\ZS ad SY*WS gSX1,1

*UW U1 U\j \™ `*Z\— ™1˜S[a˜,* –\dh1Z ™* –\a˜*,X*gSX1,1D �*V\Z ˜`*—ShZ1 a*\+`*c*UZ1 Z1a`1c1 d V\U\UU1 –\—SZd\ V*™* U1 SY*\ 6> —\™SZ*E [1—\,S `\0*gS ad–`\Z*jWS tV[S—d gSX1,*rE V\Ud Yd U1 Y*Y* –\Y\—W*™* a*a˜*,S V*™* U1 SY*\ a*Y\ h1˜S`S —\™SZ1D �d ad+SWS Z*,1™1ZS V`j˜1[1E S4Z\j1[1 —\,\`* d ˙,\`*ZS `*X1,a˜,* S aWd31[1 d �1˜1WdE —™1 +S dh1a˜,\,*\ d–`\S4,\™[S WS˜1`*˜d`1 V\U* –\Y*31 Xd™SY* ™* d–\O4Z*Ud �\—*D �*V\Z j˜\ U1 –`1—W1™*W* *UW\,d V[S—dEa*a˜*,X1Zd YZ\—\ —\™SZ* `*ZSU1E [1—\,* Y*UV* U1 `1OVW*B t *UW U1 \a˜,*`S\ a,*VS \™ \,Sf gSX1,*Dr

\U1 aS ˜S gSX1,1 a1+S –\a˜*,S\H �SV*™* Z1 4Z*jj˜* Z\aS ™*ZE * j˜* Z\cD ˛*˜\ a,*VS ™*Z SaV\`Sa˜S d–\˜–dZ\a˜SD �\–d˜ *˜`SZ1 S *UW*E SaV\`Sa˜S a,\U1,`1Y1 Z* Z*U+\XS Y\—dcS Z*hSZD �—W1™*U a1 Z* *–\Oa˜\W* �*,W*E V\US U1 –`1™ V`*U a,\— 3S,\—* Y\—*\`1cSB t˙\+`\ a*Y a1 +\`S\E ˜`Vd a*Y ™\ V`*U* Sa˜`h*\E,1`d a*Y a*hd,*\r L6D �SY\˜1Ud 8B;MD �W1™1c1 –\—W*O,X1 c1 ˜S –\Y\cS +*j d ˜\Y1I

281

˛��E Y\31j SfSY*˜S a,1 ˜`SD �*V\H�*V\ j˜\ a1+S –\a˜*O,X*j gSX1,1E * 4*˜SYSf \a˜,*`dU1jD *4YSaWS \ aW1™1c1YBSj1 a*Y\–\d4™*[*D �*™* a1+S –\a˜*,Sj Z1VS

Y*[SgSX* 4*˜SY —* \a˜,*`SjE ˜,\U1 a*Y\–\d4™*[1 `*Oa˜1 S a–`1YZSUS aS 4* ,1c1 gSX1,1D �*V\01 aS aS—d`ZSOUS V*™* U1 `1h \ a,*V\™Z1,ZSY S4*4\,SY*E V*\ j˜\ U1 Z*–`SY1` –`S˜Sa*V ™`d—Sf YW*™SfDSj1 –`SU*˜1X*D �d™S ,Sj1 ,\W1 ™* a1 ™`d31 a*

\ZSY* V\US SY*Ud gSX1,1 d 3S,\˜d P V\US 4Z*Ud j˜*f\c1 S a–`1YZS ad ™* a1 +\`1 4* ˜\DSj1 `*™\a˜SD 1™Z\ U1 aS—d`Z\ P ZSU1 ZSY*W\ 4*O

+*,Z\ ™\a*0S,*˜S a1 SWS aV`j˜1ZSf `dVd h1V*˜S ™* ˜Sa1 Z1j˜\ W1–\ ™1aSD � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E V*™* a1+S –\a˜*O,X*j gSX1,1 S ™\a˜S31j SfE SY*j \a1c*U ™* aS Z1j˜\–\a˜S—*\D �Z™*E ™* WS aS a–`1Y*ZH �*`1™Z1 a˜`*ZSg1a*™`31 V\`SaZ1 aY1`ZSg1 V\U1 c1 ˜S –\Y\cSD�

� �,S –`1™W\4S a1 \™Z\a1 Z* V`*˜V\`\hZ1 gSX1,1E *WS a1 Z*h1W*–`SY1[dUd S Z* \Z1 ™d—\`\hZSU1D

39

�*V\ Y\—d\a˜,*`S˜S a,\U1

gSX1,1H"˜* +S \™ aW1™1cSf

a˜,*`S ,\W1\ ™* SY*jHı O Sj1 a*Y\–\d4™*[*

O Sj1 –`SU*˜1X*O Sj1 `*™\a˜S

282 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

1�� 5D �`\Z*0S Z1V1 S™1U1D ˛*+*,X*U a1 ˜\V\Y \,\— V\O

`*V*I �1Y\U ™* a1 +*g*j Z* *Z*WS4S`*[1D 1™Z\a˜*,Z\Z*–SjS j˜\ ,Sj1 gSX1,*D �\˜`d™S a1 ™* Sf aYSaWSj+*`1Y 5>D6D �™Y1`S a,\U1 S™1U1D �\U* ˜S U1 Z*U4*ZSYXS,SU*H

�*U˜13*H �* V\Ud +S +S\ –\a1+Z\ –\Z\a*Z ™* U1 \a˜,*O`SjH �–*Y˜S ™* ad h1a˜\ Z*U+\XS gSX1,S \ZS V\US ˜SZ*U,Sj1 4Z*h1D7D �*–`*,S WSa˜d –`S\`S˜1˜*D �dY1`SjS a,\U1 gSO

X1,1 –`1Y* `1™\aW1™d V\USY 31WSj ™* Sf \a˜,*`SjD

’’ �*V\ U1 \+1af`*+`S˜S a1 V*™ Z1Y*j Z*j˜* ™* a1 da`1™a`1™Sj SWS ™* Sjh1VdU1jDWS V*™* \a˜,*`Sj gSX1,1 V\U1 aS a1+S–\a˜*,S\E ™\+`\ a1 \a1c*j d a,\U\UV\3S‘‘ L dVM

�`SY1` Z1VSf gSX1,*

�`SU*˜1Xa˜,\D �–`SU*˜1XS˜S a1 a Z1VSY V\

ZSU1 Y\— d4`*a˜*D �+Z\,S˜S a˜*`\ –`SU*˜1XO

a˜,\D

˛™`*,X1D 13+*˜S +*`1Y=> YSZd˜* a,*V1

a1™YSg1D �–*,*˜S \a*Ya*˜S a,*V1 Z\cSD

"V\W*D �\–`*,S˜S \g1Z1 S4 Y*˜1Y*˜SV1D

�\a˜d–S˜S Sa–`*,Z\ V*™* Y1 ™`d—S Z*,\™1 Z*

Z1j˜\ –\—`1jZ\D

˙df\,Z\a˜D �S˜*˜S �S+WSUd 59 YSZd˜* a,*O

V\— ™*Z*D *4—\,*`*˜S \,1 Z1™1X1 \ a,\USY ,1O

`\,*[SY* a Z1VSY S4 `*4`1™*D

2��

˛* a,*VSS4*+`*ZS gSXEd`*™S aW1™1c1B

284 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

"˜\ U1 gSX ,1cSE˜\ U1 ,1cS \a1c*U4*™\,\Xa˜,* Z*V\Z\a˜,*`1[* ˜\— gSX*D

˙ � ˛��DDD?

�™`1™S `\V4* \a˜,*`1[1D

�SX +14 V`*U[1— `\V* ZSU1ZSj˜* ™`d—\ Z1—\ a*ZI

�a–W*ZS`*U–\˜`1+Z1 V\`*V1D

�`1™,S™S –`1–`1V1D˛*˜SY `*4YSaWS

V*V\ c1j Sf a*,W*™*˜SD

˙*U a1+S `1hD�+1c*U a1+S ™* c1j

dhSZS˜S a,1 j˜\ Y\31j ™*+S ™\a˜S—*\ ˜*U gSXD �*™*

a1 –\˜–SjS S d–SjS ™*˜dYD

�*–SjS a,\U gSXD

�\+\Xj*˜S 4Z*[1 1Z—W1aV\— U14SV*

5D a1–˜1Y+*`

�\`*gS5D �*+*,S˜S ™\+*` di+1ZSV

1Z—W1aV\— U14SV*D

6D �*dhS˜S ™1a1˜ `1hS a,*V1a1™YSg1D

7D �Wdj*˜S \Z1 V\US —\,\`11Z—W1aVSD

8D �S˜*˜S Z1V\— ™* Sa–`*,SY\U1 —`*Y*˜ShV1

—`1jV1 S S4—\,\`D

�\—dc1 –`1–`1V1

�SV\ d +WS4SZS Z1 —\,\`S 1Z—W1aVSD

�*V\ cd Sf a*,W*™*˜S

�`1d41cd *d™S\O4*–Sa1 Z* 1Z—W1aV\Y a* a*U˜*

www.jw.orgD

............................................................

�\˜–Sa

........................

˙*˜dY

SX1,S ad –\–d˜—`*01,SZaVSf g`˜13*P –\˜`1+*Z U1 ˜`d™™* +S –\a˜*WS a˜,*`Z\a˜

�1Y\U a1 V`d˜\™`3*˜S –W*Z*D �d™SeW1VaS+SW*Z S *V\U1 –\˜`1+Z\ –`*,SZ1V1 S4Y1Z1 ™\VZ*–`1™dU1j V*\a˜,*`1[d a,\— gSX*D

�˚� ��

3 ��˚��I�\hZS \™Y*fD *4YSaWS \ ˜\Y1j˜* ,1c ™*Z*a Y\31j

d`*™S˜S ™* +S \a˜,*`S\ a,\U gSXD �a˜SZ*E Y\3™* Z1Oc1j `*4`*™S˜S a,1 ™1˜*X1E *WS Z1V* ˜1 ˜\ Z1 a–`1hS ™*\™Y*f –\hZ1jD �*\ j˜\ a˜\US d �S+WSUSE G*V\ h1V*jZ* –\,\X*Z ,1˜*` S ,`1Y1ZaV1 –`SWSV1E ZSV*™* Z1c1jZSj˜* 4*a*™S˜S S ZSV*™* Z1c1j ZSj˜* d+`*˜SF L�`\O–\,1™ZSV 55B8E TodayGs English VersionMD �`\Z*0S Z1j˜\j˜\ Y\31j ™* d`*™Sj ,1c ™*Z*aE h*V S*V\ U1 ˜\ Z1j˜\Y*W\E S \™Y*f ˜\ d`*™SI�,*V\™Z1,Z\ –`1—W1™*U a,\U1 gSX1,1D �\™a1c*U a1

4*j˜\ ˜S U1 a,*VS \™ [Sf ,*3*ZD �`*˜S Z*–`1™*V ˜*V\j˜\ c1j a˜*,S˜S 4Z*V � LSWS ™*˜dY \a˜,*`1[*M –\`1™a,*V\— V\`*V* V\US 4*,`jSjD\`Sa˜S Y*j˜dD ˛*YSaWS ™* aS \a˜,*`S\ a,\U gSXD

�a1c*U U1 1Va˜`*E 4*` Z1H ˛*˜SY a1+S ,S4d1WZ\E d ,S™dV\`*V*E –`1™a˜*,S j˜* a,1 ˜`1+* ™* d`*™Sj ™* +S \a˜O,*`S\ a,\U gSXD �WS Z1Y\U \a˜*˜S a*Y\ Z* ˜\Y1D ˙\h*O`*U a1+S V*V\ aS a,*VS \™ ˜Sf V\`*V* ,1c \a˜,*`S\ SV*V\ Z* V`*Ud d3S,*j d a,\Y –\a˜S—Zd˜\Y gSXdD � \Z™*–dZ\Y –*`\Y Z*–`1™I

=t˛*YSaWS Y*`XS,\— h\,1V* aS—d`Z\™\Z\a1 V\`Sa˜r L�\aW\,Sg1 65B9M

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

286 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ ˙* WS U1 Y\—dc1 ™* d Sa˜\ ,`1Y1 SY*j –`1,Sj1gSX1,*H L�SWS–X*ZSY* 5B5>M

˘ ˙* WS –\a˜*,X*[1 gSX1,* 4Z*hS ™* Y\`*jSa–W*ZS`*˜S a,*VS YSZd˜ a,\— 3S,\˜*HL�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B9M

"� � �˚��H

�SY\˜1U a1 a–`1Y*\ ™* \™1 \™ Vdc1E *WS Z1 ™*+S –\+1—*\ \™ –\`\™Sg1E ,1c ™* +S a1 –`S™`d3S\*–\a˜\Wd �*,Wd d YSaS\Z*`aV\U aWd3+SD 1`\O,*˜Z\ U1 SY*\ ™,*™1a1˜*V —\™SZ* S ,1c U1 +S\ \™O—\,\`*Z YW*™Sc \ V\Y ad t™\+`\ —\,\`SW* +`*c* d�Sa˜`S S �V\ZSUSr L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 5:B6MD �*O,W1 U1 +S\ aS—d`*Z ™* �SY\˜1U Y\31 –\a˜ScS YZ\O—\ ™\+`Sf a˜,*`S d aWd3+S 4* �\—*D � ˜*V\ U1 S+SW\I �SY\˜1U U1 d Z*`1™ZSY —\™SZ*Y* YZ\—\ –dO˜\,*\E \aZS,*\ aVd–j˜SZ1 S U*h*\ +`*cdD ˛+\—[1—\,Sf ™\+`Sf \a\+SZ*E �*,W1 —* U1 ,\W1\ S –\OaW1 \˜–`SWSV1 55 —\™SZ* `1V*\ �SWS–X*ZSY*Bt�1Y*Y ZSV\— ™`d—\— –\–d˜ [1—* V\ +S a1 Sa˜SZOaVS +`SZd\ 4* ,*jd ™\+`\+S˜r L�SWS–X*ZSY*6B6>MD˙* WS a1 a˜*,X*j Z* `*a–\W*—*[1 d �\3U\U aWdO

3+SH �*™* ˜1 h1V*Ud ,1WSVS +W*—\aW\,SI 1f\,*4*Sa˜* g1ZS \Z1 YW*™1 V\US a1 Ga–`1YZ\ Zd™1F ™*aWd31 L�a*W*Y 55>B7MD �*™*X1E Y\31j +S˜S aSO—d`*Z ™* 1f\,* �\— GZSU1 Z1–`*,1™*Z ™* 4*+\`*O,S ˜,\U ˜`d™F L 1,`1USY* :B5>MD

�˛�� ˚˙��"�

�SY\˜1U

�*–SjS j˜* ˜1 d,1`*,* ™* –\a˜\US �\— –dZ Xd+*,SD

�*–SjS ™,* gSX* V\U* +S a1+S –\a˜*,S\ d aWd3+S�\—dD

Y\U ™Z1,ZSV7��˝� ��

ı

288 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

��

,\ ad a*Y\ Z1V* \™ 5; –S˜*[* \ V\USY* c1 +S˜S`1hS d \,\Y ™1Wd V[S—1D �*˜1`SU*W U1 –\™1X1Z dj1a˜ ™1W\,* S dV*4dU1 Z* \™—\,*`*Udc* –\—W*,X* d5D S 6D ˜\Yd V[S—1 �W*™S –S˜*Ud P –`*V˜ShZS \™O—\,\`S Z* [Sf\,* –S˜*[*D

�`\hS˜*U \,*U ˙\™*˜*VD �V\ U1 Y\—dc1E –\–`Sh*U\ [1Yd a* a,\USY +`*hZSY ™`d—\YD ˛*˜SY V\`Sa˜Sa*,1˜1 V\US a1 d [1Yd S4Z\a1 ™* +S –\Y\—*\ a,\U\U™1gSD ™—\,\`S V\U1 c1j Z*cS ,`1™ZS ad –\,1`1O[*D ZS a1 Z1 ˜1Y1X1 Z* Z1–\d4™*Z\UE Xd™aV\U YdO™`\a˜SE ,1c Z* �\3U\U �1hSE �S+WSUS L6D �SY\˜1Ud7B5:E 5;MD��

˙ � ˙ � �

��˙��˚��t *V\ Y\—d Z*,1a˜S a,\U1 ™1˜1 ™* YS a1 \˜,\`SHr

t˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* SZaSa˜S`*Y V*™* U1 `1h\ ™\W*aVd VdcS Z* ,`1Y1Hr

t *V\ ™* a,\Y ™1˜1˜d –\Y\—Z1Y ™* SY*d`*,Z\˜131Z\ —W1™Sj˜1 \ Saf`*ZSHr

290 �\YdZSV*gSU*297 �`*,SW*302 �14*,SaZ\a˜307 �1Va S 4*+*,X*[1311 a1c*[*315 ˙df\,Z\a˜

˙\™*˜*V 289

˙* WS U1 a,*0* a +`*hZSY ™`d—\Y SWS ™1˜1˜\Y4*Sa˜* ˜\WSV\ W\j*H +`*Vd Z1 Y\31Y\ S4+1cS adV\+1 YSjX1[*D �10d˜SYE

Y\31Y\ d˜Sg*˜S Z* [Sf\, ˜\VD �* ™1gd ,1\Y* aZ*3Z\ d˜SOhd `\™S˜1XaV1 a,*01D �\ ZSU1 ZSY*W\ +1O4*4W1Z\E U1` +`*V `\™S˜1X* Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSOU1 –\a˜*U1 Y\™1W V\US ™1g* \–\Z*j*Ud V*™\™`*a˜d S U1™Z\Y S a*Y* a˜d–1 d +`*VD ˛*Oj˜\ \Z™* V*\ `\™S˜1X Z1 +S SaV\`Sa˜S\ –\O`\™ShZ1 Z1ad—W*aSg1 V*\ –`SWSVd ™* Sf –\dhSj V*V\ ™*1eSV*aZ\ `1j*,*Ud `*4WSV1 d YSjX1[dH �\Vdj*U aW1O™1c1B

�Wdj*UD �S+WSU* V*31 ™* ˜`1+* ™* +d™1Y\ G+`4S ™* hdOU1Y\E * a–\`S ™* —\,\`SY\ S a–\`S ™* a1 Xd˜SY\F L�*V\O,X1,* 5B5=MD �1Y\U ™\™*,*˜S dX1 Z* ,*˜`d ˜SY1 j˜\ +SG,`*c*\ 4W\ 4* 4W\F L�SYX*ZSY* 56B5;MD �*V\ Y\3™* ˜,\U+`*hZS ™`d— ZSU1 a–`1Y*Z ™* aWdj*E ˜S Z1Y\U ˜*V\D �S +d™Sa˜`*Z* V\U* U1 a–`1YZ* ™* aWdj*D

�+U*aZSE * Z1 V`S˜SVdUD �YS`1Z\ \+U*aZS V*V\ U1 –\Z*Oj*[1 ˜,\— ad–`d3ZSV* d˜Sg*W\ Z* ˜1+1D Lt�\,`1™SW\ Y1U1 V*™* aSDDDrM �1Y\U ™* \–˜d3dU1j S V`S˜SVdU1jD Lt�1+SZSU1 a˜*W\ ™\ Y1Z1Dr t�SV*™* Y1 Z1 aWdj*jDrM

�fW*™S —W*,dD �\Z1V*™ U1 +\X1 4*\+ScS –`\+W1Y S –\OV`1Zd˜S ˜1Yd V*™ a1 Y*W\ aYS`1 a˜`*a˜SD �S+WSUS a˜\OUSB t�*™ –\hZ1 –`1–S`V*E ˜\ U1 V*\ ™* a1 \˜,\`S +`*Z* Z*

��

� ˙˚� 5D ��E6D ��˚ 6D ��E68D ��˚

��

290 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

,\™*Y*D ˛*˜\ a1 d™*XS –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ –\hZ1 a,*0*r L�\aW\O,Sg1 5;B58MD

�4,SZS a1 +`*hZ\Y ™`d—dE S *V\ U1 ˜\ –\˜`1+Z\E a,\Y™1˜1˜dD *W1`SU*E V\U* SY* 58 —\™SZ*E V*31B t�\Z1V*™ a1`\™S˜1XS –\aW1 a,*01 S4,SZ1 Y1ZS S Y\Y a˜*`SU1Y +`*O˜d U1` 4Z*Ud V*V\ \Z* d˜Sh1 Z* Z*aDr �1Y* adY[1 ™* U1 U1™OZ* \™ Z*U,`1™ZSUSf a˜,*`S V\U\U Y\31j –\dhS˜S a,\Ud ™1gd™* –\ZS4Z\ V*3dB t�4,SZSE 3*\ YS U1Dr

�10d˜SYE j˜* *V\ U1 –`\+W1Y Z1ad—W*aSg* a ™1˜1˜\YHaY\˜`S ™* WS Y\3™* Z1Z*Y1`Z\ ™\™*U1j dX1 Z* ,*˜`dD�* –`SY1`E –\—W1™*U \Z\ j˜\ U1 \–Sa*Z\ d d,\™d 6D –\—W*O,X* Z* 59D a˜`*ZS \,\— ˜\Y*D ,S0*j WS Z1V1 a˜,*`S V\U1U1 d`*™SW* �1Uh1WSZ* Y*Y* V\U1 ad ™\–`SZ1W1 ˜\Y1 ™*™\01 ™\ a,*01H �*V\ Y\31j S4+1cS a,*0d a* a,\USY ™1O˜1˜\YH �`\+*U aW1™1c1B

˘ �4+1—*,*U –`1˜1`*Z1 S4U*,1E –\–d˜B t�S d,1VDDDr SWS t�SZSV*™DDDr �\ a*Y\ ™\,\™S ™\ ˜\—* ™* ™1˜1 4*d4Y1 \™+`*YO+1ZS a˜*,D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E aS—d`Z\ U1 d –S˜*[d –`1˜1`SO,*[1 S ™1˜1 ˜\ 4Z*D Z\ ˜*V\01 4Z* ™* ˜*V,1 S4U*,1 ,Sj1—\,\`1 \ ˜,\U\U Xd˜[S Z1—\ \ [1—\,\Y –`\–da˜dD

˘ Y1a˜\ ™* ™1˜1 ,1`+*WZ\ Z*–*™*j 4*–\hS[dcS `1h1OZSgd a* t˜SrE +\X1 U1 ™* –`Sh*j \ ˜\Y1 V*V\ Z* ˜1+1 d˜SOh1 [1—\,\ –\Z*j*[1D �* –`SY1`B ta1c*Y a1DDD V*™* ˜SDDDr 1`\,*\ SWS Z1E ˜,\Y ˜SZ1Ui1`d U1 ™d+\V\ d a`gd a˜*W\ ™\˜,\USf \a1c*[*D �*™* V*31j V*V\ a1 \a1c*jE ,1`\,*˜Z\c1 +S˜S a–`1YZSUS Z* a*`*™[dD�

˘ �\WSV\ —\™ ™* U1 ˜1jV\E a*h1V*U ™* ˜1 +1a –`\01L�\aW\,Sg1 6=B66MD V\WSV\ U1 d4`\V adV\+* ˜\ j˜\ ™1˜1Z1 S4,`j*,* a,\U1 \+*,141 –\ VdcSE \Z™* \˜,\`1Z\ –\O`*4—\,*`*U a [SYD �*–SjS V\ZV`1˜Z\ j˜* \h1VdU1j \™[1—* SE *V\ U1 –\˜`1+Z\E U*aZ\ a˜*,S ™\ 4Z*[* j˜* —*\h1VdU1 dV\WSV\ Z1 –\aWdj*D �˜`–XS,\ aWdj*U ™1˜1 ™\V

� �*4S ™* Z1 S4*4S,*j \a1c*[1 V`S,Sg1 V\™ a,\— ™1˜1˜* S ™* ˜1 a*Y\4+\— ˜\—* –\aWdj*D

��

˙\™*˜*V 291

—\,\`SE h*V S *V\ SY* –\—`1j*Z a˜*,D 1cSZ* ˜SZ1Ui1O`* +\X1 `1*—dU1 Z* a*\a1c*UZ\ aWdj*[1 Z1—\ Z* –\–\O,*[1D

˘ �`1 Z1—\ j˜\ +`4\–W1˜\ 4*VXdhSj ™* ™df –\+dZ1 d4SOY* Y*f* V\™ ˜,\— ˜SZ1Ui1`*E d4YS d \+4S` ™* U1 ,1WSVS ™1\\Z\—* j˜\ Z* [1Yd –`SY1cdU1j ™1\ [1—\,\— –`S`\™Z\—`*4,S˜V*D �\3™* U1 aVW\Z ™* a1 –`1–S`1 \V\ Z1V1 a˜,*`Sa*Y\ ™* +S ™\V*4*\ ™* ,Sj1 ZSU1 Y*WSD �1Y\U ™\4,\WS˜S™* ˜1 d,dh1 d a,*0dD ˛*–*Y˜S ™* ˜\ V*V\ `1*—dU1j Z* –`\O,\V*gSU1 [1Yd –`d3* aZ*3Zd –\dVdD ˛*˜\ \a˜*,S ™\+*`–`SY1` d a˜`–X1[d S ™d—\˜`–XS,\a˜SE S Z*U,1`\,*˜ZSU1 U1™* c1 ˜1 ˜,\U aSZ \™Z\aZ\ c1`V* \–\Z*j*˜S L�*W*˜SY*9B66E 67MD

��

�\WSV\ ™1g* ˜`1+* ™* +d™d d–\4Z*˜*a ™\—*0*USY* S4 Y\U1 –`\jW\a˜SH˛*YSaWS a1+1 d aW1™1c\U aS˜d*gSUSB 1h1`*j a* a,\USY

Yd31YE c1`V\Y S Z1VSY –\`\™ShZSY –`SU*˜1XSY*D �\V\Y`*4—\,\`*E Z1V\ \™ –`SU*˜1X* –\Y1Z1 Z1V\—a VSY aS a1 –`1 +`*V* 4*+*,X*W*D �,\U\Uc1`VS aV\`\ Sa–*™* ,SXdjV* S4 `dV1D t�S aSa1 –`1 ˜*˜1 4*+*,X*W* a Z1VSYHrE 4*–`1–*jc1Z\ –S˜*D �\–`,S –d˜ hdU1 S a*™* 31WS ™* a*4Z* ,Sj1 \ ˜\Y1D "˜* c1jd`*™S˜SH

+ShZ\ U1 Z*U+\X1 W1–\ `1*—\,*˜S Z* –S˜*[* a,\— ™1O˜1˜*D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E a,*VS –d˜ V*™* \Z\ Z1j˜\ –S˜* SaWdj* \™—\,\`E ,S V\YdZSgS`*˜1E * ˜\ U1 Z1j˜\ j˜\ ,1cSOZ* `\™S˜1X* 31WSD

�WS V\WSV\ ˜\—* \ a,\U\U –`\jW\a˜S ˜`1+* ™* –\™1WSja* a,\USY ™1˜1˜\YH �*`*,Z\E Z1c1j \˜V`S˜S Z1V1 ™1˜*OX1 V\US ZSad 4* –`ShdD �* S–*VE ™1˜1˜d Y\31 +S˜S \™ V\O`Sa˜S *V\E V*™* U1 ˜\ Z* Y1a˜dE hdU1 4* Z1V1 ˜,\U1 +\`+1D V\Y aYSaWdH

� ˙˚� 5D ��E5D ��˚

��

292 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

aY\˜`S –`SY1` *–\a˜\W* �*,W*D �1™Z\Y U1 \Z `1V*\4* a1+1B t�*™ 31WSY ™* hSZSY ™\+`\E d Y1ZS U1 4W\DDD �*O™*Z a*Y ˜S U* h\,1VIr L�SYX*ZSY* ;B65O68MD ,1 `1hS ad4*–Sa*Z1 –\™ ,\0a˜,\Y �1f\,SZ\— a,1˜\— ™df* S a*hd,*Z1d �S+WSUS 4* Z*jd V\`Sa˜D � 4*Sa˜* ad V\`SaZ1E U1` V\ a1Z1 Y\31 –\Sa˜\,1˜S˜S a �*,W\,\Y SaV`1Z\Y S4U*,\YH

�WShZ\ ˜\Y1E V*™* ™1˜1 hdU1 4* ˜,\U1 ™\+`1 S4+\`1 S—`1jV1 V\U1 aS Z*–`*,S\E \Z\ c1 +S˜S \˜,\`1ZSU1 a ˜\+\YD�a˜SZ*E ˜S aS `*a˜*\ d U1™Z\Y aV`\4 ™`d—*hSU1Y ,`1Y1ZdD�* S–*VE S*V\ ad a1 ,`1Y1Z* –`\Y1ZSW*E Xd™aV* –`S`\™*ZSU1E ZS˜S ad a1 –`\Y1ZSW* +S+WSUaV* Z*h1W* L�a*W*Y55=B588MD �*4—\,\` \ S4*4\,SY* V\U1 aS ˜S ™\3S,X*,*\E SV*V\ aS Sf a*,W*™*\E Y\31 –\Y\cS ˜,\Y ˜SZ1Ui1`d d a*O,W*™*,*[d [1—\,Sf –`\+W1Y*D t�*™* a*4Z*j ™* ad a1 S˜,\US `\™S˜1XS +\`SWS a* aWShZSY a˜,*`SY*E \Z™* ,S™Sj™* ad S \ZS Z1a*,`j1ZS S ™* SY*˜1 YZ\—\ ˜\—* 4*U1™ZShOV\—rE V*31 ™1hV\ –\ SY1Zd �˜`*fS[*D ˛*˜SY ™\™*U1B t�W1O™1cS –d˜ V*™ SY*j Z1VS –`\+W1YE `*4YSjX*j ™* WS ad S˜,\US `\™S˜1XS ˜*V\ Z1j˜\ ™\3S,1WSDr

�1h \–`14*B Z1 ˜`1+* a,1 –`Sh1 ™* a1 4*,`j1 a*,1˜\YD�a˜SZ*E Y\3™* a1 –W*jSj ™* c1 ™1˜1 S4,dcS –\—`1j*Z4*VXdh*V SWS h*V Z*cS S4—\,\` ™* Z*–`*,S aWShZ1 —`1jV1D�WS dY1a˜\ ™* V*31j ™1˜1˜d \Z\ j˜\ 31WSj ™* \Z\ S4,dOh1 S4 ,*j1— `*4—\,\`* Lt˛*˜\ ZSV*™* Z1 ˜`1+* ™*DDDrME V`*˜OV\ `1gS j˜* YSaWSj \ a,\Y –\a˜d–Vd Lt�*™* a1 \a,`Z1YE,\W1\ +Sf ™* ˜\ ZSa*Y d`*™S\ 4*˜\ j˜\DDDrMD �*V\ c1 ™1˜1S4,dcS ,*3Zd –\dVd S4 ˜,\— SaVda˜,* +14 \a1c*U* ™* Yd™`3Sj +dV,Sgd L˚e1j*ZSY* :B8MD

��

�*V\ ™* Z*,1™1Y ™1˜1 ™* YS a1 \˜,\`SH˙\V ad +SW* Y*W*E ,1`\,*˜Z\ ad ˜S ™1g* –`Sh*W* \ a,1O

Yd S a,*h1YdD �*™* aS Sf Z1j˜\ –S˜*\E \™Y*f ad \™—\,*O`*W*D ˛*–`*,\E h1a˜\ ZSaS Y\`*\ ZS ™* –\a˜*,Sj Z1V\

� ˙˚� 5D ��E5D 6D ��˚

��

˙\™*˜*V 293

–S˜*[1E `1hS ad a*Y1 S4,S`*W1 S4 [SfD � a*™*E ™\V a1 d4*OWd™Z\ ˜`d™Sj ™* a,\— ˜SZ1Ui1`* Z*,1™1j Z* `*4—\,\`EhSZS ˜S a1 V*\ ™* –\Vdj*,*j ™* S4,dh1j ,\™d S4 –`1adOj1Z\— +dZ*`*D �\3™* V*31j d a1+SB G�*V\ ˜\ ™* `*4—\,*O`* a* a,\USY –`SU*˜1XSY*E * Z1c1 a* YZ\YHF

�1Y\U \™Y*f 4*VXdhS˜S ™* ˜1 U1 ™1˜1 \™+*gSW\ SWS ™*Z1 31WS ™* +d™1j ™1\ [1—\,\— 3S,\˜*D �S[1ZSg* U1 ™* aSYd a*™* –\˜`1+ZSUS ,Sj1 Z1—\ SV*™* `*ZSU1D � ™\+`*a˜,*` U1 j˜\E V*V\ ˜\ S Sa˜`*3S,*[* –\V*4dUdE ,1cSZ* ˜SOZ1Ui1`* S ™*X1 g1ZS a*,1˜1 a,\USf `\™S˜1X* P S ˜\ ,Sj1Z1—\ a*,1˜1 a,\USf ,`j[*V* S Y1™SU*D

˛*j˜\ ad \Z™* ˜\WSV\ 4*˜,\`1ZS –`1Y* `\™S˜1XSY*HaY\˜`S j˜* ad Z1VS ˜SZ1Ui1`S `1VWS j˜* Sf a–`1h*,* ™*`*4—\,*`*Ud a* a,\USY `\™S˜1XSY*D ˛*˜SY –\a˜*,S a1+S–`\–`*˜Z* –S˜*[* S \aY\˜`S Z*,1™1Z1 a˜Sf\,1D

t�1jV\ YS U1 ™* –`S01Y ˜*˜S 4*˜\ j˜\ SY* ˜*V\ –dZ\\+*,14* S Z* –\aWd S d aVd–j˜SZSD �SZS YS a1 V*\ ™*Z1Y* –\—\™Z\— ˜`1Zd˜V* 4* `*4—\,\` a [SYr L˚Z™`dMD

G˙* WS Z1Z*Y1`Z\ j*X1Y –\`dVd ™* a*Y –`14*d41˜ 4*`*4—\,\` a* a,\USY ˜SZ1Ui1`\YH �V\ U1 ˜*V\E j˜* Y\—ddhSZS˜S ™* +d™1Y –`Sa˜d–*hZSUSH �*™* +Sf Y\—*\ `1™\,OZ\ S4™,*U*˜S ,`1Y1 4* `*4—\,\` a* a,\U\Y ™1g\YHF L�\OZ\,X1ZS 4*V\ZS :B;MD

t�* ad4*Y* a*Y –`Sj*\ Y*YS ™* +Sf U\U Sa–`Sh*\ 4*U1™Zd a,*0d d jV\WSD ˝1W1\ a*Y ™* Y1 d˜1jSE *WS Y1U1 \Z* a*Y\ S4—`™SW*D ˜*™* U\U Z1 –`Sh*Y ZSj˜* j˜\YS U1 ,*3Z\r L�dV*MD

G�*V\ `1*—dU1Y V*™* YS ™1˜1 –`S01 a Z1VSY a,\USY –`\O+W1Y\YH �*V S *V\ U1 \Z\ –\—`1jSW\E Y\—d WS Z*dhS˜S ™*–`,\ 4*a˜*Z1Y S a*\a1c*UZ\ a*aWdj*Y –`1 Z1—\ j˜\ —*Sa–`*,SYHF L�*V\,X1,* 5B5=MD

t�\™S˜1XS a˜*WZ\ –`Sh*Ud V*V\ SY Y\31Y\ a,1 `1cSS ™* a1 Z1c1 Z*Xd˜S˜SE *WS a1 \Z™* S–*V S4Z1`,S`*UdD�*™* a1 YS ˜SZ1Ui1`S \a1c*Y\ S4Z1,1`1Z\r L�*f1W*MD

��

294 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

G�V\ YS ™1˜1 Sa–`Sh* Z1j˜\ 4*+`S[*,*Udc1E V*V\ Y\—dV\Z˜`\WSa*˜S a,\Ud –`,d `1*VgSUdHF L�\aW\,Sg1 5>B5=MD

t�Z\—\ –d˜* a1 ™1aSW\ ™* a*Y Sa–`Sh*W* Y*YS Z1j˜\U*V\ –\,1`XS,\E * \Z* U1 ˜\ \™Y*f `1VW* a,\USY –`SOU*˜1XSg*Y*D ˛+\— ˜\—* ™d—\ ZSa*Y SY*W* –\,1`1[* d[dr L�*[*MD

G˙* WS –\V*4dU1Y –\j˜\,*[1 –`1Y* \a1c*[SY* a,\—™1˜1˜* ˜*V\ j˜\ Z1 \˜V`S,*Y \Z\ j˜\ YS U1 `1VW\ d –\,1O`1[dHF L�\aW\,Sg1 69B=MD

t�Y*Y ˜\WSV\ ˜\—* ™* –\™1WSY a `\™S˜1XSY*D �*Y\YS ˜`1+* [Sf\,* –\Y\c ™* V`1Z1Yr L�SW,SU*MD

G�\—d WS –`1d41˜S SZSgSU*˜S,d ™* 4*–\hZ1Y `*4—\,\` a*a,\USY ™1˜1˜\YH �\U1 U1 Z*U+\X1 ,`1Y1 4* ˜\HF L�`\–\O,1™ZSV 7B;MD

�*™* V*\ `\™S˜1X —`*™Sj Y\a˜\,1 V\YdZSV*gSU1 a*a,\USY *™\W1ag1Z˜\YE ˜\ c1 ˜S d a,*V\Y –\—W1™d V\`Sa˜SO˜SD aY\˜`S SaVda˜,\ 5;O—\™Sj[1 �dZV\ S4 �*–*Z*D t�1™OZ\Y a*Y –`S4Z*W* Y*YS ™* YS U1 W1–j1 a ™`dj˜,\Y S4jV\W1 Z1—\ a* adf`Sjc*ZSY*D �W1™1c1— ™*Z*E Z* a˜\Wda*Y Z*jW* –SaY\ V\U1 YS U1 Y*Y* Z*–Sa*W*D [1Yd YSU1 `1VW* ™* U1 S [\U Z1V*™* +SW\ ˜1jV\ U1` ad U\U e*WSWS+WSaVS –`SU*˜1XS Y10d adf`Sjc*ZSY*D �\™a1˜SW* Y1 U1Z* Z1V1 \a\+1 S4 +S+WSUaVSf ,`1Y1Z* V\U1 ad aWd3SW1 �\—dh*V S V*™ ZSU1 +SW\ ZSV\— d4 [Sf ™* Sf \f`*+`SD �*V\01 Y1U1 –\f,*WSW* j˜\ a1 ˜`d™SY ™* aVW*–*Y –`SU*˜1Xa˜,* V\U*c1 ™\+`\ d˜Sg*˜S Z* Y1Z1D �4Z1Z*™SW* a*Y a1 j˜\ ZSa*Ya*Y\ U* SY*W* ˜*U –`\+W1YD �f,*˜SW* a*Y ™* —* U1 S Y\U*Y*UV* SY*W* S ˜\WSV\ a*Y +SW* ™S`Zd˜* ™* a*Y a1 `*aO–W*V*W*D �*YSZ1 `1hS ad Y1 –\™S—W1 S \U*h*W1 ™* hSZSY\Z\ j˜\ U1 Sa–`*,Z\Dr

�*\ j˜\ U1 –\Y1Zd˜* Y*UV* S a*Y* af,*˜SW*E ˜SZ1Ui1`Sc1 a1 W*Vj1 \˜,\`S˜S *V\ 4Z*Ud ™* [Sf\,* \a1c*[* S `*4OYSjX*[* Z1c1 +S˜S SaY1U*Z* SWS SaV`S˜SV\,*Z*D �WS j˜*dhSZS˜S *V\ ˜S a1 ™1˜1 \+`*c* S4Z1`,S`*ZSY SWS h*V

��

˙\™*˜*V 295

Xd˜S˜SY ˜\Z\Y —W*a*H �4+1—*,*U Sa˜d `1*VgSUd L�SYX*OZSY* 56B65C 5D �1˜`\,* 6B67MD Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E V\WSV\ —\™ ˜\+SW\ ˜1jV\E –\V*3S a,\USY –`SY1`\Y V*V*, —\,\` S –\OZ*j*[1 \h1VdU1j \™ [1—*D

˛*–*Y˜S ™* Z* a,\Y –d˜d ™\ \™`*aW\— h\,1V*E ˜SZ1Ui1O`S –`\W*41 V`\4 Z1Vd ,`a˜d G˜`*Z4SgSU1FD �˜`dh[*gS V*3d™* ˜\V\Y ˜\— –1`S\™* [Sf\,\ –\Z*j*[1 a˜`*jZ\ ,*`S`*P U1™Z\Y a1 –\Z*j*Ud 4`1WSU1 4* a,\U1 —\™SZ1E * ™`d—S –d˜–\˜–dZ\ ™1˜S[*a˜\D �V\ –`SY1˜Sj ˜*V\ Z1j˜\ S V\™ a,\—˜SZ1Ui1`*E j˜* Y\31j d`*™S˜SE –\a1+Z\ V*™* a1 –\Z*j*Z14`1W\ 4* a,\U1 —\™SZ1H

�1Y\U —* 4*ad˜S V`S˜SV\Y ZS˜S a1 d–dj˜*˜S d ™1˜S[*a˜1`*a–`*,1D Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E –`S0S Yd V*\ Z1V\Y V\ U1 Z* –d˜d™* +d™1 \™`*aW* \a\+* L5D �\`SZc*ZSY* 57B55MD �`SY1O`* `*™SE *V\ \Z\ ™1˜S[*a˜\ `1*—dU1 S V*31B t"˜* Y1 a*Y\—[*,SjHrE Y\3™* c1j +S˜S d SaVdj1[d ™* `1*—dU1j XdO˜S˜\D �10d˜SYE ˜*V,\Y `1*VgSU\Y —d+Sj V\Z˜`\Wd Z*™`*4—\,\`\Y S ,1`\,*˜Z\ c1j +S˜S d,dh1Z d `*a–`*,dD� ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E Y\—*\ +S U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ `1cSB t�4—W1™* ™*ZSaS ™\+`1 ,\X1D ˛*j˜\ \ ˜\Y1 Z1 +SaY\ –\–`Sh*WS V*™a1 Y*W\ aYS`SjHr �* ˜*U Z*hSZE 4*™`3*\ aS V\Z˜`\Wd Z*™aS˜d*gSU\YD �*™* U1 \˜,\`1Z –d˜ 4* `*4—\,\`E * Z1 4*a,*0dD

��

296 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* SZaSa˜S`*Y V*™* U1 `1h\ ™\W*aVd VdcS Z* ,`1Y1H˙* +S ™\+S\ \™—\,\` Z* \,\ –S˜*[1E 4*YSaWS a1+1 d aW1O

™1c\U aS˜d*gSUSB �,\U aSZ V*aZS –\W* a*˜* S hdU1j V*V\ a1–\W*V\ \˜,*`*Ud dW*4Z* ,`*˜*D G�SaWS ™* a*Y 4*a–*\FE V*O31j d a1+SD �WS ˜SE Z*`*,Z\E ZSaSD ˛*–`*,\ a1™Sj +WS4d

,`*˜* \™ ,`1Y1Z* V*™ U1 ˜,\U aSZ ˜`1+*W\™* a1 –\U*,SD `*˜* a1 jS`\Y \˜,*`*Ud S[1—\,1 \hS ada`1cd a1 a ˜,\USYD "˜* c1j`1cSH "˜* c1j dhSZS˜SH

�Y*j Z1V\WSV\ Y\—dcZ\a˜SD �\—*\ +S\W*V\ –`1cS –`1V\ ˜\—* S –\YSaWS˜SB G˙1hU* –\aW*DF �WS +SY\—*\ \˜ScS d ™`d—d V`*UZ\a˜ S `1cSB G�1Y* ,Sj1 S4W*4*OV*IF Y1a˜\ ™* `1*—dU1j ˜*V\ –\™ 1Y\gSU*Y*E –`,\ ,S™S™* WS U1 d –S˜*[d Y\3™* Z1j˜\ \–`*,™*Z\D �*™* Y\31j˜d aS˜d*gSUd SaV\`Sa˜S˜S S –\dhS˜S ™1˜1 Z1h1Y U*V\ ,*O3Z\YD �*V\H

�`1™W\—B �1gS ™1˜1˜d ™* c1˜1 `*4—\,*`*˜S ad˜`*D �\Z™*E d \™—\,*`*Udc1 ,`1Y1E a1™S a [SY S `*4—\,*`*U \˜\Y1 j˜* –W*ZS`*j ™* dhSZSjD �1VS `\™S˜1XS ad –`\+*OWS aW1™1c1B *V\ [Sf\,\ ™1˜1 ™\01 Y*W\ V*aZSU1 \™ ™\—\O,\`1Z\— ,`1Y1Z*E \Z™* aW1™1cS –d˜ Y\`* ™* a1 ,`*˜S –\W*a*˜* `*ZSU1D � ™`d—1 a˜`*Z1E *V\ ™1˜1 `1™\,Z\ ™\W*4S VdcSZ* ,`1Y1 S ˜SY1 –\V*31 ™* U1 \™—\,\`Z\E Y\3™* +S Y\O—*\ `*4YSaWS˜S ™* Yd ™*j Y*W\ ,Sj1 aW\+\™1E –\,`1Y1Z\

��

� ˙˚� 5D ��E7D ��˚ 6D ��E66D ��˚

��

˙\™*˜*V 297

h*V S ™* –`\™d3Sj ,`1Y1 V*™ Y\`* ™* a1 ,`*˜S VdcSD *O3Z\ U1 ™* 4Z* d V\U1 ,`1Y1 Y\`* ™* a1 –\U*,S S V\U1 ad –\OaW1™Sg1 dV\WSV\ ˜\ Z1 dhSZSD ˛*˜SY V*\ `\™S˜1X ˜`1+* ™*a1 ™`3Sj ˜\—*D

�10d˜SYE 4*–*4S j˜* V*31 �S+WSU*B t�1V* ,*j* `*4dYOZ\a˜ +d™1 –\4Z*˜* a,SY Xd™SY*r L�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B9MD ˛*˜\–`1 Z1—\ j˜\ \™`1™Sj ,`1Y1 V*™* a1 ™1˜1 Y\`* ,`*˜S˜SVdcSE +SW\ +S ™\+`\ ™* –\`*4—\,*`*j a [SY \ ˜\Y1 S ™\O–da˜Sj Yd ™* \Z\ S4Z1a1 –`1™W\— S \+U*aZS 4*j˜\ Yd ˜\,`1Y1 \™—\,*`*D ˛*˜SY `*4YSaWS \ [1—\,\Y –`1™W\—dDV\WSV\ U1 ™1˜1 –\V*4*W\ ™* U1 \™—\,\`Z\ S ™* U1 –`1™W\—`*4dY*ZE Y\3™* +S Y\—*\ ™* d™\,\XSj [1—\,\U 31XSD

�*hZ\a˜ U1 a*a˜*,ZS ™1\ 3S,\˜*D ™`1™S˜S ,`1Y1 V*™*™1˜1 Y\`* ™* a1 ,`*˜S VdcS 4Z*hS ,Sj1 \™ ˜\—* ™* a1 \Z\aVW\ZS a* dWSg1D –S˜*[d U1 Z1j˜\ j˜\ c1 Yd ˜`*UZ\ V\O`Sa˜S˜S V*™ U1™Z\Y 4*–\hZ1 a*Y\a˜*W*Z 3S,\˜ L�\aW\,SOg1 66B:MD

��

�*V\ ™* `1jSY adV\+1 a ™1˜1˜\Y \V\\™1,*[*HaY\˜`S aS˜d*gSUd V\U* U1 \–Sa*Z* Z* –\h1˜Vd 55D –\—W*O

,X* \,\— ˜\Y*D ˛*YSaWS ™* U1 �1W1Z* ˜,\U* c1`V*D �1 Y\O31j ™* ,1`dU1j V\WSV\ U1 Z* [\U a,1 \˜,\`1Z\ S V`*˜V\D™Y*f `1*—dU1jB t�Y1a˜* ™* aS \˜SjW* da\+d S –`1a,dVW* a1 SWS Z1 S™1j ZSVd™*Ir 1`\,*˜Z\ c1 Y\`*˜S ™* ˜1 –\aWdj*D \a˜*OW\Y S Z1Y* ™`d—\— S4+\`*D �WS V*V\ U\U Y\31j –\Y\cS ™*–`\Y1ZS a,\U1 `*4YSjX*[1E * Z1 a*Y\ \™1cdH

˘ �*\ –`,\E d–*Y˜S aW1™1c1B �,\Y ™1˜1˜d U1 V*\ S ˜1+S,*3Z\E *V\ Z1 S ,*3ZSU1E V*V\ c1 Sa–*a˜S d \hSY* ™`dO—Sf *V\ a1 \+dh1 Z1–`Sa˜\UZ\D ˙d+\V\ d ™djSE \Z\ Z131WS ™* Sa–*™Z1 aY1jZ\ ZS˜S ™* –`S,dh1 Z131X1Zd –*O3[dD �˜`–XS,\ Yd \+U*aZS 4*j˜\ –`\,\V*˜S,*Z Z*hSZ

� ˙˚� 5D ��E55D ��˚

��

298 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

\™1,*[* ZSU1 Z* Y1a˜dD� �`1™W\3S Z1V1 –`*V˜ShZ1 Y\O—dcZ\a˜SD

˘ �*\ ™`d—\E +d™S `*4dY*ZD �*4YSaWS \ aW1™1c1YB G˙*WS U1 d –S˜*[d V`j1[1 Z1V\— +S+WSUaV\— Z*h1W* SWS U1 a*Y\–S˜*[1 dVda*HF L6D �\`SZc*ZSY* 5B68C 5D �SY\˜1Ud 6B=E 5>MD�V\ U1 d –S˜*[d WShZS dVdaE ™* WS +S Y\—*\ ™* ™\4,\WSja,\Y ™1˜1˜d ™* \+dh1 j˜* U1 –W*ZS`*W\H

˘ �*\ ˜`1c1E Z1Y\U ™1˜1˜d a*Y\ `1cS V\US a˜SW\,S ZSad–`SVW*™ZSD �\Y\4S Yd ™* S4*+1`1 \™1cd V\U* U1a˜1 –`SOVW*™Z*D ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S d–\˜`1+S\ –`1™W\—1 a* <6D S <7D a˜`*OZ1 \,\— ˜\Y* S –\Y\—*\ ™1˜1˜d ™* S4—`*™S Sa–`*,*Z a˜*,H�\ c1 +S˜S ,`1™Z\ S ,`1Y1Z* S ˜`d™*I

� �V\ U1 ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 d *™\W1ag1Z˜aV\Y d4`*a˜dE ,1`\,*˜Z\ U1 ,1\Y* \a1O˜XS,\ Z* a,\U S4—W1™D ˛*˜\ –*4S V*V\ —\,\`Sj ™* Z1 +S –\YSaWSW\ ™* Z1j˜\ZSU1 d `1™d a [1—\,SY ˜1W\YD

��

˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* ™\4,\WSY ™1˜1˜d ™* S—`*1W1V˜`\ZaV1 S—`Sg1H˚W1V˜`\ZaV1 S—`Sg1 ad a1 YZ\—\ –`\Y1ZSW1 \˜V*™ aS ˜S

+S\ ˜SZ1Ui1`D �*\ `\™S˜1XE V*V\ Y\31j –\Y\cS a,\Y ™1O˜1˜d ™* –`1–\4Z* Y\—dc1 \–*aZ\a˜S S ™* SfS4+1—Z1H

�Sj˜* a1 Z1 –\a˜S31 V`S˜SV\,*[1Y g1OW\Vd–Z1 SZ™da˜`SU1 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf S—*`* ZS˜S ™\—Y*˜ShZSY˜,`™[*Y* ™* ad S—`Sg1 –\˜–dZ\ —d+X1[1 ,`1Y1Z*D ˛*O–*Y˜S ™* ZSad a,1 S—`Sg1 W\j1D �10d˜SYE ˜*hZ\ U1 ™* Y\—d™\,1a˜S ™\ 4*,SaZ\a˜SD ˛*˜\ *Z*WS4S`*U V\WSV\ ,`1Y1Z*™1˜1 –`\,1™1 d4 [SfD �*™*X1E –`\,1`S S V*V,1 S—`Sg1 Yda1 a,S0*UdD �*V +S Yd Y\—*\ –\a˜*,S˜S S \,*V,* –S˜*[*B

˘ �\U* S—`Sg* U1 Z*U–\–dW*`ZSU* Y10d ˜,\USY ™`d—*O`SY*H

˘ h1Yd a1 `*™S d [\UH

˘ ˛*j˜\ YSaWSj ™* U1 –\–dW*`Z*H

� ˙˚� 6D ��E7>D ��˚

��

˙\™*˜*V 299

�\3™* c1j d,S™1˜S ™* ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 4Z* \ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSYS—`Sg*Y* ,Sj1 Z1—\ j˜\ aS YSaWS\D �\3™* h*V S—`* Z1V1V\U1 ad –\ ˜,\Y YSjX1[d –\™ 4Z*V\Y –S˜*[*D �V\ U1 ˜*V\EZ1Y\U –`1Z*—XS,*˜S a `1*VgSU\YD �\ U1 –`SWSV* ™* ˜,\U1™1˜1 `*4,SU1 ™\+`d tY\c 4*–*3*[*r L�1,`1USY* 9B58MD

�\a˜*,X*U Yd –S˜*[* V\U* c1 Yd –\Y\cS ™* S a*Y\ ,S™S4*j˜\ —* –`S,W*h1 ˜*V,1 1W1V˜`\ZaV1 S—`Sg1D �* –`SY1`EY\—*\ +S —* –S˜*˜S Z1j˜\ –\–d˜B

˘ ˙* WS \a1c*j ™* Z1j˜\ –`\–dj˜*j 4*˜\ j˜\ Z1 aY1j™* S—`*j ˜d S—`SgdH

�1VS YW*™S S—`*Ud Z1Vd –\–dW*`Zd S—`Sgd a*Y\ 4*˜\ ™*+S SY*WS \ h1Yd ™* –`Sh*Ud d ™`dj˜,dD �V\ U1 ˜\ aWdh*U SV\™ ˜,\— ™1˜1˜*E aS—d`Z\ Z1c1j `1*—\,*˜S Sa˜\ V*\ j˜\ +S`1*—\,*\ ™* ad d –S˜*[d S—`Sg1 V\U1 a*™`31 V`,*,1 SWS`*4,`*˜Z1 ag1Z1 L�\W\j*ZSY* 8B:MD

�WS j˜* *V\ ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 –`S,W*h1 +*j W\jS 1W1Y1Z˜S dZ1V\U S—`SgSH �\U1™SZS YW*™S Y\—d \™Y*f ˜,`™S˜S V*V\Z* [Sf Z1 d˜Shd V`,*,1 ag1Z1 a* 1V`*Z*D �\3™* `*4YSOjX*UdB G�*Y\ 4*˜\ j˜\ ˜\ `*™SY Z* 1V`*ZdE Z1 4Z*hS ™*cd ˜\ dhSZS˜S S d a˜,*`Z\a˜SDF �V\ ˜*V\ S ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 `*4OYSjX*E aV`1ZS Yd –*3[d Z* �a*W*Y 55B9D �*\ j˜\ ˜*Ua˜Sf U*aZ\ V*31E �\— Y`4S Z1 a*Y\ \Z\— V\ U1 Z*aSW*Z ,1cS V\ ,\WS Z*aSX1D �a˜\ Z*h1W\ ,*3S S V*™ U1 d –S˜*[d Z1OY\`*W SWS +SW\ V\US ™`d—S –\`\V V\US �\3U* �1h \ad0dU1L�a*W*Y =;B5>MD

V\WSV\ ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 SY* –`\+W1Y a* 1W1V˜`\ZaVSY S—`SOg*Y*E –`\+*U aW1™1c1B

˘ �1 ™\–da˜S ™* S—`* S—`Sgd Z* Z1V\Y S4\W\,*Z\Y Y1Oa˜d d VdcSD

˘ �\a˜*,S U*aZ* –`*,SW* LZ* –`SY1`E Z1Y* S—`*[* –`14*,`j1˜V* ™\Y*cSf 4*™*˜*V* SWS –`1 ,1h1`1 S ™`d—Sf ,*O3ZSf *V˜S,Z\a˜SMD

˘ �*—W*aS V\WSV\ ad ,*3Z1 eS4ShV1 *V˜S,Z\a˜SD

��

300 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ �\aY*˜`*U —* ™\V S—`* S—`Sg1E SWS j˜\ U1 U\j +\X1E–\Z1V*™ Sf S—`*U a [SYD

�*`*,Z\E ™* +S tSY*\ –`*,\ —W*a*r j˜\ a1 ˜Sh1 a*™`O3*U* S—`Sg*E ˜`1+* S a*Y ™* +d™1j ™\+*` –`SY1`D ˛*˜\–\a˜*,S a1+S aW1™1c1 –S˜*[1B G�\U1 ˜1W1,S4SUaV1 1YSaSU1S eSWY\,1 —W1™*YHF �1Y\U a1 4*,*`*,*˜SE ˜,\U* ™1g* \™OY*f ,S™1 *V\ SY*j ™,\a˜`dV* Y1`SW*I

��

"˜* *V\ –`SY1˜Sj ™* U1 ™1˜1 –\a˜*W\ 4*,SaZ\\™ 1W1V˜`\ZaVSf Y1™SU* V*\ j˜\ ad Y\+SWZS˜1W1e\ZSE V\Y–Ud˜1`S S ™`d—\H˙* WS ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 a˜*WZ\ t,SaSr Z* SZ˜1`Z1˜dE `*4Y1[dO

U1 +14+`\UZ1 �� –\`dV1 SWS ,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z* –`\,\™S a*a,\USY Yd4ShVSY –W1U1`\Y Z1—\ a ˜\+\YH �V\ U1 ˜*V\E j˜*Y\31j d`*™S˜SH

�\3™* ˜S a1 hSZS ™* U1 Z*UU1™Z\a˜*,ZSU1 \™d41˜S Yd ˜*Ud`10*UD �WSE Z1Y\U \™Y*f a,1 1W1V˜`\ZaV1 d`10*U1 \™+*OgS˜S V*\ —`™Z\ 4W\D �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E S ˜S ,1`\,*˜Z\ V\O`Sa˜Sj Z1V1 \™ [Sf V\U1 ˜,\US `\™S˜1XS ZSad SY*WSD ˛*˜\

Z*U+\X1 `1j1[1 ZSU1 ™* \™d4Y1j d`10*UE\aSY *V\ Z1 –\a˜\US \–`*,™*Z `*4W\— 4* ˜\DY1a˜\ ˜\—*E SaV\`Sa˜S –`SWSVd ™* –\dhSj

™1˜1 ™* Yd™`\ S d`*,Z\˜131Z\ V\`Sa˜S 1W1V˜`\ZaV1 d`1O0*U1D �*V\ ˜\ Y\31j dhSZS˜SH

�1™S a ™1˜1˜\Y S –\`*4—\,*`*U \ ˜\Y1D �`,\E `1gS j˜*˜1 4*+`S[*,*D ˙`d—\E a*aWdj*U j˜* c1 \Z\ `1cS L�\aW\O,Sg1 5<B57MD �`1c1E 4*U1™Z\ Z*0S˜1 Z1V* –`*V˜ShZ* `1Oj1[*D �1Y\U a1 da˜`dh*,*˜S ™* \™`1™Sj —`*ZSg1E *WS+d™S `*4dY*ZD t�*™* a*Y –`1˜1`S,*W* a* aW*[1Y –\`dOV*rE V*31 ˜SZ1Ui1`V* –\ SY1Zd ˚W1Z*E t`\™S˜1XS YS ZSadd41WS ˜1W1e\ZE ,1c ad YS –`d3SWS Z1V1 –`*V˜ShZ1 aY1`OZSg1D �*V*, –`Sa˜d– YS U1 –\Y\—*\ ™* +d™1Y d`*,Z\˜131OZ* d aW*[d –\`dV* h*V S V*™* `\™S˜1XS ZSad d +WS4SZSDr

� ˙˚� 5D ��E7:D ��˚

��

˙\™*˜*V 301

"˜* *V\ ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 –\`Sh1 ™* SY* –`\+W1YH �1Y\U 4*OVXdhS˜S ™* ad Yd ˜,\U1 `1hS djW1 Z* U1™Z\ * S4*jW1 Z*™`d—\ d,\D Y1a˜\ ˜\—*E +d™S a˜`–XS, S ™*U Yd Y*W\ ,`1OY1Z* ™* `*4YSaWSD �\3™* a1 d a1+S aW*31 a ˜\+\Y S \™WdOhSW\ U1 ™* Z1j˜\ –`\Y1ZSD �Z\—S YW*™S ad –\–d˜ �*Z1EV\U* V*31B t�`,\ YS U1 +SW\ V`S,\ V*™ ad YS `\™S˜1XS `1OVWS ™* a*Y –\a˜*W* 4*,SaZ* \™ V\Y–Ud˜1`*D �WS j˜\ a*Y,Sj1 `*4YSjX*W* \ ˜\Y1E a,1 a*Y ,Sj1 d,S0*W* ™* ad d–`*,dDr

�\WSVd Y1`d aW\+\™1 ˜`1+* ™* ™\–da˜SYa,\Y ™1˜1˜dH,\ –S˜*[1 Y\31 4,dh*˜S V\Y–WSV\,*Z\ V*™* U1 `1h \

–`S,*˜Z\a˜S ™1˜1˜*D �* –`SY1`E j˜* *V\ U1 ˜,\U aSZ a*Y d

�˚˛��

302 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

a,\U\U a\+SE * ,`*˜* ad 4*˜,\`1Z*H ˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* Ydd–*™Z1j +14 Vdg*[*H �WS j˜* *V\ U1 ˜,\U* c1`V* 4*+\O`*,SW* a,\U Y\+SWZS ™\V U1 3d`SW* d jV\WdH ˙* WS ˜`1+*

™* 4*,S`Sj d [1Z1 –\`dV1H

,\ ZSad W*V* –S˜*[*D �*\ `\™S˜1XESY*j –`*,\ ™* 4Z*j j˜* a1 ™1j*,* d

3S,\˜d ˜,\— *™\W1ag1Z˜* S SY*j \+*,14d ™* —* j˜S˜SjD�WS Z1 ˜`1+* ™* —WdYSjj–SUdZ* S adY[Sh*,\ –`*˜Sj a,\OU1 ™1˜1 S a,*VS [1—\, –\V`1˜D �*V\ Y\31j Z*cS `*,Z\O˜13dH

�*\ –`,\E Y\`*j af,*˜S˜S ™* ˜\ j˜\ ™1˜1 31WS –`S,*˜OZ\a˜ Z1 4Z*hS \+*,14Z\ ™* SY* Z1V1 W\j1 Z*Y1`1D �1a˜\U1 ˜\ Z\`Y*W*Z ˜\V \™`*a˜*[*D �`S,*˜Z\a˜ Yd –\Y*31™* ˜*V\`1cS Sa–`\+* V`SW* ™\V aVW*–* –`SU*˜1Xa˜,* S`1j*,* –`\+W1Y1 ™\+`\ V\`Sa˜1cS `*4dY L�SYX*ZSY*56B5E 6MD �`S,*˜Z\a˜ –\Y*31 ˜,\Y *™\W1ag1Z˜d ™* `*4,SOU* Y\c –`\ad0S,*[*E j˜\ U1 ,*3Z* ,`WSZ* d \™`*aW\Y™\+dD �*V\01 Yd \Y\—dcdU1 ™* ™d+\V\ `*4YSaWS –`1 Z1—\j˜\ ™\Z1a1 Z1V1 \™WdV1 SWS \™—\,\`S Z* ˜1jV* –S˜*[*L�\aW\,Sg1 59B6<MD

�*\ ™`d—\E d–*Y˜S ™* j–SUdZS`*[1 3S,\˜* ˜,\— ™1˜1˜*Y\31 a*Y\ ™\,1a˜S ™\ \˜–\`* S –\+dZ1 L˚e1j*ZSY* :B8C�\W\j*ZSY* 7B65MD ˙* WS ˜\ 4Z*hS ™* ˜`1+* d –\˜–dZ\a˜S™* a1 –\,dh1jH �1E U1` ˜S aS `\™S˜1XD �10d˜SYE gSX U1™* –\Y\—Z1j ™1˜1˜d ™* S4—`*™S ™\+`d a*,1a˜ L�\Z\,X1OZS 4*V\ZS :B:E ;C �\aW\,Sg1 66B:MD �* V`*Ud V`*U1,*E –`dO3*˜S ,\0a˜,\ U1 YZ\—\ 1eSV*aZSU1 \™ a˜*WZ\— Z*™4\`*D

�*\ ˜`1c1E `*4—\,*`*U a ™1˜1˜\Y \ [1—\,\U –\˜`1+S 4*–`S,*˜Z\jcdD �Wdj*U V*™ ˜S a1 \˜,\`SD ˙* WS Y\3™* SY*aWdh*U1,* V*™* +S Y\—*\ +S˜S ˜\W1`*Z˜ZSUSH �1V* ™1˜1,S™S ™* c1j Yd ™\–da˜S˜S S4,1aZd Y1`d –`S,*˜Z\a˜S a,1™\V Z1 –`\V\gV* ˜,\U1 –\,1`1[1D �*aZ\ Yd `1gS j˜* c1+S˜S *V\ +d™1 Z1–\aWdjZ\ S \Z™*E *V\ U1 –\˜`1+Z\E ™\OaW1™Z\ ˜\ S a–`\,1™SD �d™S d,1`1Z ™* Y\31j a,\Y ™1˜1˜d

� ˙˚� 5D ��E7D 59D ��˚

�˚˛��

˙\™*˜*V 303

–`d3S˜S S4,1aZd Y1`d –`S,*˜Z\a˜SE * ™* S ™*X1 \a˜*Z1j+`S3*Z `\™S˜1XD

��

�*™* Y\U1 ™1˜1 ˜`1+* ™* 4*,`jS jV\W\,*[1Ht�*a˜*,ZSgS ad ˜*V\ ™\a*™ZSIrE t�dV* YS U1 \™ ™\Y*cSf

4*™*˜*V*IrE t�1™,* ™\+SU*Y ™,\UV1E j˜\ ™* a1 \Z™* i*+1˜`d™SYHr ˛+\— ˜*V,Sf +`S—*E Z1VS YW*™S –\O31W1 ™* –`1VSZd jV\W\,*[1 S –`1 Z1—\ j˜\a˜1VZd ,1j˜SZ1 V\U1 c1 SY +S˜S –\˜`1+Z1 ™*+S ad˜`* 4*`*0S,*WS 4* 3S,\˜D �V\ ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 31WS ™* Z*O–da˜S jV\WdE j˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SH �\Vdj*U aW1™1c1B

˘ �`1Sa–S˜*U a,\U a˜*, –`1Y* jV\W\,*[dD ˙* WS aS V*™aS +S\ YW*0S Z* jV\Wd —W1™*\ V*\ Z* —d+X1[1 ,`1Y1Z*EV*\ Z* 4*˜,\`aVd V*4Zd V\Ud aS Y\`*\ S4™`3*˜S ™* +S \Z™*SY*\ ,`1Y1Z* ™* `*™Sj Z1j˜\ j˜\ aS YSaWS\ ™* U1 ,*O3ZSU1H �V\ U1aSE Y\3™* ad ˜*V*, a˜*, –\–`SYSW* S ˜,\U*™1g*D �WS hS[1ZSg* U1 ™* c1 SY ™\+`\ \+`*4\,*[1 –\Y\OcS ™* a˜1VZd tYd™`\a˜ S a–\a\+Z\a˜ –`\ad0S,*[*rE j˜\ ad\a\+SZ1 V\U1 c1 SY \Y\—dcS˜S ™* \a˜,*`1 a,\U1 gSX1,1L�\aW\,Sg1 7B65MD

˘ +14+1™S ™1˜1˜d –\˜`1+Z1 daW\,1 4* dh1[1D �1V*™1g* +S Y\—W* ™\+S˜S +\X1 \g1Z1E *WS U1™Z\a˜*,Z\ Z1 4Z*OUd V*V\ ™* dh1 SWS Z1Y*Ud \™—\,*`*Udc1 daW\,1 4* ˜\D �SdaW\,S –\™`*4dY1,*Ud `*™ZS a˜\ a ™\+`SY \a,1˜X1[1YEV*\ S –\˜`1+Z1 di+1ZSV1 S –`S+\`D �S V*\ `\™S˜1X Y\31j–\Y\cS a,\Y ™1˜1˜d ™* Z*–`1™dU1 P S d jV\WS S d ™df\,OZ\Y –\—W1™d P ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j Yd \+14+1™S˜S ™\+`1 daW\O,1 4* dh1[1 S `*4YSjX*[1D L–\`1™S˜S a 5D �SY\˜1Ud8B59DM

˘ �V˜S,Z\ a1 4*ZSY*UD �W1™*U Z* jV\WaV\ \a\+X1 V*\ Z*\Z1 V\US ad Z* ˜,\U\U a˜`*ZSE * Z1 –`\˜S, ˜1+1D –\4Z*U a1a [SY*D �*4—\,*`*U a [SY* \ gSX1,SY* S S4*4\,SY* a,\—™1˜1˜*D �V\ \Z\ SY* –`\+W1Y a* \g1Z*Y*E –`\+*U ™* a*O

� ˙˚� 5D ��E5=D ��˚

�˚˛��

304 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

4Z*j j˜* U1 d4`\V ˜\Y1D �* –`SY1È ™* WS YSaWS ™* +S4+\— ™\+`Sf \g1Z* +SW\ Y1˜* Y*W˜`1˜S`*[*H ˙* WS SY*–`\+W1Y* a Z1VSY Z*a˜*,ZSV\YH ˙* WS SY* –`\+W1Y*a Z1VSY –`1™Y1˜\YH �\j U1™Z* Y\—dcZ\a˜ U1 ™* ™1˜1 Y\O3™* SY* Z1VS –`\+W1Y eS4ShV1 –`S`\™1E V*\ j˜\ U1 W\j,S™ SWS Z1VS –\`1Y1c*U d dh1[dD

"˜\ ,Sj1 aS dVXdh1Z d \+`*4\,*[1 S ™df\,Z\ –\dh*O,*[1 a,\— ™1˜1˜*E \Z\ c1 SY*˜S ,Sj1 S4—W1™* 4* da–1fL�a*W*Y 56;B8E 9MD

��

�*V\ ™* 4Z*Y V*™* U1 ™1˜1 a–`1YZ\™* a1 \™a1WS S4 Vdc1H�*Z1W*E V\U* a1 –\YS[1 d ;D –\—W*,Xd \,\— ˜\Y*E –W*jS

a1 \™W*aV* \™ Vdc1D �\US U1 U1™*Z \™ `*4W\—*H Z* V*31Bt�*V S *V\ 31WSY ™* Vd–SY Z1j˜\ \™ a,\— Z\,g*E ˜*˜*

YS Z1 ™*D Z V*31 ™* U1 ˜\ [1—\, –\a*\D˛*˜\ Y1 –W*jS h*V S –\YSa*\ Z* ˜\ ™* a1a*Y* +`SZ1Y \V\ a,\USf ˜`\jV\,*Dr �*Z1O

WSZ \˜*g aS—d`Z\ YSaWS ™\+`\E *WS j˜* YSaWSjE ™* WS \Za,\U\U c1`VS –\Y*31 ™* Z*dhS ™* a*Y* d–`*,X* a,\USY–`Sf\™SY*H L�\aW\,Sg1 75B5>E 5<E 6;MD

˙* WS a1 –`1Y* a,\U\U ™1gS –\a˜*,X*j –`1,Sj1 4*Oj˜S˜ZShVS ˜*V\ ™* ad \Z* Z1a–`1YZ* ™* 4*–\hZd a*Y\a˜*OW*Z 3S,\˜H �*V\ ˜\ Y\31j 4Z*˜SH aY\˜`S h1˜S`S ,1Oj˜SZ1E \ V\USY* a1 —\,\`S d ;D –\—W*,Xd \,\— ˜\Y* d \V,S`d–\™Z*aW\,* t˙* WS a*Y a–`1Y*ZHrE *WS a*™* S4 d—W* `\O™S˜1X*D

�*a–\W*—*[1 Z\,g1YD ˙* WS ˜,\U* ™1g* 4Z*Ud V\WSVS ad˜`\jV\,S 4* V\YdZ*WSU1E a˜*Z*`SZd S \a˜*W\ S ™* WS +S4Z*W* ™* Sf –W*˜1H L�SYX*ZSY* 57B;MD ˙* WS ad \™—\,\ÒZ* V*™* U1 d –S˜*[d +SW\ V\U* ,à˜* 4*UY*H L�\aW\,Sg166B;MD Y1Ud WS `*a–\W*—*˜S a,\U\Y 4*`*™\Y ˜*V\ ™* 3S,1d \V,S`d ,W*a˜S˜Sf Y\—dcZ\a˜SH L�dV* 58B6<O7>MD ˙* WS ad

� ˙˚� 5D ��E;D ��˚

�˚˛��

˙\™*˜*V 305

\a1˜SW* ™`*3 Vd–\,SZ1 a,\USY Z\,g1YH ˙* WS ad \a1˜SW*U\j ,1c1 4*™\,\Xa˜,\ V\U1 –`\S4W*4S S4 S4™,*U*[* ,`1OY1Z* S a`1™a˜*,* 4* ™`d—1H L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 6>B79MD

�dcZS –\aW\,SD ˙* WS ˜,\U* c1`V* \™Z\aZ\ aSZ 4Z*Ud ™*–`S–`1Y*Ud \+`\V1H ˙* WS aS Sf –\dhS\ ™* –1`d S –1—W*OUd ,1jH �V\ SY*Ud *d˜\E ™* WS 4Z*Ud \aZ\,Z1 a˜,*`S \ \™`O3*,*[dE V*\ j˜\ U1 4*Y1Z* \aS—d`*h*E dX* S ˜\hV\,*H

�10dXd™aVS \™Z\aSD �*™* a˜*`SU* ™1g* SY*Ud adV\+E ™*WS aS ˜S d,1V ad™SU* V\US –`\Z*W*4S `1j1[1H �WS aS Sf–\dhS\ ™* a*Y* YS`Z\ `1j1 –`\+W1Y S \Z™* a,1 Sa–`Sh*OUd ˜1+SH L�*˜1U 9B67O69MD

˙df\,Z1 *V˜S,Z\a˜SD ˙* WS a,\U\U ™1gS —\,\`Sj j˜*˜`1+* ™* ,1`dUd SWS SY –\Y*31j ™* a1 a*Y* d,1`1 d \Z\h1Yd Sf –\dh*,*jH L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B58E 59MD Y1a˜\ ™* d,1V\™—\,*`*j Z* [Sf\,* –S˜*[* \ ,1`\,*[SY* S Y\`*WdE ™*WS Sf dhSj ™* a*Y* V\`Sa˜1 ta–\a\+Z\a˜ –`\ad0S,*[*rHL�\aW\,Sg1 5B8MD ˙* WS U1 ˜,\U –`SY1` WShZ\— –`\dh*,*[*˜*V*, ™* +S +S\ a`1c*Z ™* ˜1 ™1g* \–\Z*j*Ud SWS ,S™Sj™* S ZSaS ˜*V\ ™\+*` –`SY1` S ,\W1\ +S ™* ˜,\U* ™1g*+d™d +\X* \™ ˜1+1H�

�1Y* adY[1E –\dh*,*[1 ™1g1 d Z*,1™1ZSY –\™`dhUSY*S4SaVdU1 ,`1Y1 S ™\a˜* ˜`d™*D �WS V*™ a1 U1™Z\— ™*Z* ˜,\OU1 ™1˜1 +d™1 a1WSW\ \™ Vdc1 S ˜S —* –\Y1j*ZSf \a1c*[*`*™\a˜S S ˜d—1 4*—`WSjE af,*˜Sc1j V\WSV\ a1 a,1 ˜\ SaO–W*˜SW\D

� S™S a˜`*Z1 759O75< \,\— ˜\Y*D

�˚˛��

306 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�`1+* WS ™* –`Sh*Y a ™1˜1˜\Y \ a1VadH˙*Z*a ™1g* aWdj*Ud \ a1Vad d ,1\Y* `*Z\Y d4`*a˜dD �SO

+WSU* U1 ™*,Z\ –`\`1VW* ™* c1 Gd –\aW1™[SY ™*ZSY* Z*Oa˜d–S˜S Z*`\hS˜\ ˜1jV* ,`1Y1Z*F d V\USY* c1 Xd™S +S˜SGZ1\+d4™*ZS S ,Sj1 ,\W1˜S d3S˜V1 Z1—\ �\—*F L6D �SY\˜1OUd 7B5E 7E 8MD ˙*Z*j[S ˜`1Z™ Z1\+*,14Z\— a1Va* U1™*Z U1 \™

YZ\—Sf –\V*4*˜1X* ™* a1 \,\ –`\`\Oh*Za˜,\ Sa–d[*,*D

�,1˜ a1 ™`*a˜ShZ\ –`\Y1ZS\ \™,`1Y1Z* V*™* aS ˜S +S\ Y*WSD �10dO

˜SYE d Z1Vd `dVd S4*4\,S ad Sa˜SD ˛*˜\E Z1Y\U a1 \a1c*˜S Z1O™\`*aW\ SWS d–W*j1Z\ 4+\— W\jSf d˜Sg*U* V\USY* ad ˜,\U*™1g* S4W\31Z*D –`*,\ ad–`\˜Z\E +d™S \™Wdh*Z ™* ™1gS–\Y\—Z1j ™* –\a˜d–*Ud d aVW*™d a* \ZSY j˜\ U1 *–\a˜\W�*,W1 –`1 \V\ 6 >>> —\™SZ* `1V*\ f`Sjc*ZSY*B t+dgS˜1a,d �\3Ud `*˜Zd \–`1Yd ™* +Sa˜1 Y\—WS ™* a1 \™d–`1˜1�*,\W\,SY a–W1˜V*Y*r L˚e1j*ZSY* :B55MD �S[1ZSg* U1™* ad YZ\—S YW*™S �,1™\gS 4* –\f,*Wd U1` ,\™1 +\`+d 4*\Z\ j˜\ U1 Sa–`*,Z\E d–`V\a Z1—*˜S,ZSY d˜Sg*USY* \V\[SfD �*V\ ˜S Y\31j –\Y\cS a,\U\U ™1gS ™* S \Z* ˜\ hSZ1H

�1™*Z Z*hSZ U1 ™* a [SY* \˜,\`1Z\ `*4—\,*`*j V\`SOa˜1cS –\—W*,X* S4 8D ™1W* \,\— ˜\Y* S 5D S ;D ™1W* 6D ˜\Y*D�*Y\ a1 Z*W*41 ,1\Y* –\dhZS +S+WSUaVS a˜Sf\,SD ZSa*™`31 Z*h1W* V\U* ˜,\U\U ™1gS Y\—d –\Y\cS ™* d,S™1 V\OWSV* U1 h*a˜ 3S,1˜S –\ �\3USY 4*V\ZSY*D –\Y1Zd˜SY

�˚ � �˛��˚

� ˙˚� 5D ��E 67E 69D 76D ��˚ 6D ��E 8E 9E :E 6<D 6=D ��˚

�˚ ��˛��˚

˙\™*˜*V 307

–\—W*,XSY* a1 ˜*V\01 Z*,\™1 S –`SY1`S \a\+* S4 a˜,*ÒZ\— 3S,\˜* V\U1 ad 4*d41W1 a˜*, 4* \Z\ j˜\ U1 Sa–`*,Z\ S+SW1 +W*—\aW\,X1Z1E V*\ S –`SY1`S \ZSf V\US ad S—Z\`SOa*WS �\3U1 4*V\Z1 S aZ\aSWS –\aW1™Sg1D ˛*j˜\ Z1 Sa–W*OZS`*j ™* j˜\ –`1 \aY\˜`Sj a [SY* ˜*U Y*˜1`SU*WH

��

˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* ™\4,\WSY ™1˜1˜d ™* a14*+*,X*H�,\U1 ™1˜1 c1 a1 –`1 SWS V*aZSU1 ad\hS˜S a ˜1Y\Y 4*+*O

,X*[*D t�1 Y\`*Y ZSj˜* ZS ™* dhSZSYIrE V*31 �SWS–Dt�d`1 Y1 a*Y1 –\4S,*Ud ™* S4*01YE * U* a˜\USY S YSaWSYa1B G"˜* cd a*™HF �1jV\ U1 \™+S˜S U1` ad Z1V1 +*j W1–1Ir

�*U+\X* a˜,*` V\Ud V*\ `\™S˜1X Y\31j dhSZS˜S U1a˜1™* a* a,\USY ™1˜1˜\Y `*4—\,*`*j \ 4*+*,X*[dD �`S ˜\YEV*\ ˜1Y1X 4* `*4—\,\` Y\31j V\`Sa˜S˜S 5D –\—W*,X1 S46D ˜\Y*D �*4Z*U j˜* ™1˜1 YSaWS \ S4*4\O,SY* a V\USY* a1 ad\h*,* d jV\WSE –*h*V S d aVd–j˜SZSD �\Z1V*™ ˜*V,S `*4—\O,\`S ™\0d d Z1e\`Y*WZSY aS˜d*gSU*Y*E V*\ j˜\ ad tV*™a1™Sj d a,\U\U VdcS S V*™ S™1j –d˜1Yr L�\Z\,X1ZS 4*V\OZS :B:E ;MD V*V,SY —\™ \V\WZ\a˜SY* ™* a1 ,\™S `*4—\,\È+d™S G+`4 ™* hdU1jE * a–\` ™* —\,\`SjF L�*V\,X1,* 5B5=MD

�V\ ˜,\U aSZ SWS c1`V* –\V*31 4*ZSY*[1 4* Z1V\— adO–`\˜Z\— –\W*E Z1Y\U ™* ™S31j d4+dZdD t�\U ˜*˜* U1 –\WdO™1\ V*™* U1 a*4Z*\ ™* SY*Y ™1hV*IrE V*31 U1™Z* ˜SZ1Ui1ÒV*D t�\Vdj*\ U1 ™* Y1 4*a˜`*jS –S˜*[SY* \ ˜\Y1 ™* WSa*Y a–`1YZ* 4* +`*VD �\ a*Y\ ™\,\™S ™\ ˜\—* ™* YW*™S31W1 ™* \a˜*Zd d ,14S V*V\ +S ™\V*4*WS ™* `\™S˜1XS ZSadd –`*,dIr

�V\ ˜,\U ˜SZ1Ui1` 4Z* ™* \ 4*+*,X*[d Z1Y* ZS —\,\`*E\Z™* a1 Y\31 ™1aS˜S Z1j˜\ W\j1 P Y\31 a,\Ud ,14daV`S,*˜S S ˜*UZ\ a1 4*+*,X*˜SD t�*™* `\™S˜1XS –`1˜1`*OZ\ `1*—dUdE \Z™* YW*™S Z*a˜\U1 ™* +\X1 a*V`SUd ,14dD ZS

� ˙˚� 6D ��E 5E6D 7D ��˚

�˚ ��˛��˚

308 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

Z1 `*aVS™*UdD �*Y\ ,Sj1 –*41 ™* a1 Z1 \˜V`SU1rE V*31 U1™OZ* ™1,\UV*D

�Z\—\ c1j ,Sj1 –\a˜ScS *V\ \˜,\`1Z\ –\`*4—\,*`*ja* a,\U\Y ™1g\YD �\U*Z*E V\U* SY* 6> —\™SZ*E V*31B t�\US`\™S˜1XS d,1V \˜,\`1Z\ a* YZ\Y `*4—\,*`*Ud \ 4*+*,X*O[dD ZS 31W1 ™* 4Z*Ud V\ YS a1 ™\–*™* S ˜\ YS U1 ad–1`I�*˜* —W1™* ™* +\X1 d–\4Z* ˜d \a\+dD �V\ Sf +SW\ j˜* +`SOZ1E \ZS YS ˜\ V*3dD +ShZ\ ˜* \a\+* –`1a˜*Z1 ™* YS a1a,S0* h*V S –`1 –\h1˜V* 4*+*,X*[*Dr

�10d˜SYE V*™ –`\hS˜*j 6D –\—W*,X1 S4 6D ˜\Y*E Y\3™*a1 –S˜*jB G˙* WS +S a1 Y\U1 ™1˜1 4*+*,X*W\ Y1ZS S4*W10*HF ˛*–*4S j˜* ad Z1VS YW*™S `1VWS 4*j˜\ –\U1™SZgS–\hZd ™* a1 ˜*UZ\ 4*+*,X*UdE * 4*˜SY `*4YSaWS \ –`\–`*˜OZSY –S˜*[SY*D

t�1VS YW*™S Z1Y*Ud –\™`jVd V\™ Vdc1 –* U1 4*˜\˜`*31 d Y\YVd \™Z\aZ\ ™1,\UgSr L *W1Z˜SZ*MD

�*V\ V*\ `\™S˜1X Y\31j 4*aS—d`*˜S ™* ad 4*™\,\X1OZ1 1Y\gS\Z*WZ1 –\˜`1+1 ˜,\— ™1˜1˜*H ˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* a1–\+\Xj*j Z* Z1VSY –\™`dhUSY*H �V\ ™*E V\U* ad ˜\ –\O™`dhU*H

t�*™* a*Y SY*W* 58 —\™SZ*E U1™*Z ™1hV\ S4 ™`d—1jV\W1 Y1 U1 –S˜*\ ™* a1 4*+*,X*Y\D �`Sa˜*W* a*YD�SW\ YS U1 W1–\ `*4YSjX*˜S ™* SY*Y Y\YV* V\US c1Y1 —`WS˜Sr L˙SU*Z*MD

˙* U1 ˙SU*Z* ˜,\U* c1`V*E V*V\ +S a1 –\a˜*,S\ d ˜\U aSO˜d*gSUSH

t�\+SWZS ˜1W1e\ZS \W*Vj*,*Ud ˜*UZ\ 4*+*,X*[1D�\™S˜1XS Z1Y*Ud –\UY* j˜* a1 ™1j*,*Ir L�`SU*Z*MD

�\U1 Y1`1 –`1™\a˜`\3Z\a˜S Y\31j –`1™d41˜S V*™ U1`1h \ ™1˜1˜\,\Y V\`Sjc1[d Y\+SWZ\— ˜1W1e\Z*H

t�*UZ\ 4*+*,X*[1 U1 YZ\—\ W*Vj1 V*™* `\™S˜1XS Z1,\™1 ™\,\XZ\ `*hdZ* j˜* SY ™1˜1 `*™S S a* VSYrL�\Y*aMD

�˚ ��˛��˚

˙\™*˜*V 309

�\a˜\US WS Z*hSZ ™* +d™1j ,Sj1 dVXdh1Z d 3S,\˜ a,\—™1˜1˜*E * ™* Yd S–*V ™\4,\WSj \™—\,*`*Udcd Y1`d aW\O+\™1H

t+ShZ\ `\™S˜1XS ZSad V\™ Vdc1 V*™ S ™1g*D �WSSY –`1,Sj1 ,1`dUd V*™ \Z* S™d Z1—™1 a ™`dj˜,\YrL�SV\W*MD

�*4YSaWS \ Z*U+\XSY –`SU*˜1XSY* a,\— ™1˜1˜*D ˙* WS4*Sa˜* 4Z*j j˜* `*™1 V*™ ad 4*U1™Z\H

t�W*™S ad aVW\ZS ™* a1 ˜*UZ\ 4*+*,X*Ud V*™* ad SY`\™S˜1XS –`1,Sj1 a˜`\—Sr L�\WMD

�*V\ Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* G˜,\U* `*4dYZ\a˜ +d™1 –\4Z*˜*FE* ™* ˜\ Z1 +d™1 –\ g1Zd V`j1[* +S+WSUaVSf 4*V\Z* S Z*Oh1W*H L�SWS–X*ZSY* 8B9MD

t�*™* a*Y djW* d ˜SZ1Ui1`aV\ ™\+*E SY*W* a*Y ZSaV\a*Y\–\j˜\,*[1 S 3d™1W* a*Y 4* –*3[\YD �\h1W*a*Y ™* j*X1Y Y1UW\,1 U1™Z\Y ™1hVd S4 ada1™Z1aVd–j˜SZ1 S 4*Xd+SW* a*Y a1D Z U1 dhSZS\ ™* a1\a1c*Y –\a1+Z\Yr L�SZ™*MD

�\31j WS Z*,1a˜S Z1V1 +\X1 Z*hSZ1 Z* V\U1 ad �SZ™SOZ1 –\˜`1+1 Y\—W1 +S˜S 4*™\,\X1Z1 V\™ Vdc1H

˛*j˜\ Z1 +S d–\˜`1+S\ 6D –\—W*,X1 S4 6D ˜\Y* S \,*U ™1\d ˙\™*˜Vd V*\ ˜1Y1X 4* `*4—\,\` a* a,\USY aSZ\Y \™Z\OaZ\ c1`V\YH �*U+\X* –`\˜S,Y1`* ˜*UZ\,S˜\a˜S U1a˜1 SaOV`1Z S \˜,\`1Z `*4—\,\` L�\aW\,Sg1 6>B9MD�

˚ ��˛��˚

310 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

"˜* ˜`1+* ™* `*™SY *V\ ™1˜1 –\YS[1a*Y\d+Sa˜,\H Z1VSY ™1W\,SY* a,1˜*E a*Y\d+Sa˜,\ Y10d YW*™SY*

U1 4*+`S[*,*Udc1 d\+Sh*U1Z\D �* –`SY1`E –`1Y* –\™*gSOY* �1–d+WShV\— 4*,\™* 4* a˜*˜Sa˜SVdEd �`+SUS U1 6>>=D a*Y\d+Sa˜,\ +SW\˜`1cS d4`\V aY`˜S V\™ YW*™Sf S4Y10d59 S 68 —\™SZ1D \–j˜1 d41,E d Z*U`SO4ShZSUd —`d–d a–*™*Ud YW*™S V\US –*˜1

\™ Z1V\— –aSfShV\— –\`1Y1c*U*E 4*˜SY \ZS V\US ad d –\`\O™SgS SY*WS Z1V\— V\ U1 –\hSZS\ a*Y\d+Sa˜,\ S \ZS V\US ad`*ZSU1 SY*WS –\Vdj*U a*Y\d+Sa˜,*D –\4\`*,*UdcS 4Z*gS™* Z1V* YW*™* \a\+* Y\3™* `*4YSjX* ™* ™S—Z1 `dVd Z*a1+1 \+df,*˜*UdB

˘ �\,W*h1[1 \™ –\`\™Sg1 S –`SU*˜1X*

˘ �`\Y1Z* d Z*,SV*Y* Saf`*Z1 S a–*,*[*

˘ �d+S˜*V SZ˜1`1a\,*[* 4* *V˜S,Z\a˜S V\U1 ad Z1V*™–`ShS[*,*W1 4*™\,\Xa˜,\

˘ ˛Z*h*UZ* –`\Y1Z* WShZ\a˜S

˘ ˛W\d–\˜`1+* ™`\—1 SWS *WV\f\W*

˘ �\VW*[*[1 ,`1™ZSf WShZSf a˜,*`S

˘ �*4—\,\` \ aY`˜S S –`1\Vd–S`*Z\a˜ aWShZSY ˜1Y*Y*

�1™Z* \™ Z*U,1cSf —`1j*V* V\Ud `\™S˜1XS Y\—d dhSZSO˜S U1a˜1 ™* S—Z\`Sjd ˜*V,1 d–\4\`*,*Udc1 4Z*V1D �,1

��˚ ��

� ˙˚� 5D ��E57D 58D ��˚ 6D ��E6:D ��˚

��˚ ��

˙\™*˜*V 311

–`1˜[1 d4YS 4* \4+SXZ\D �1Y\U Z1–`\YSjX1Z\ 4*VXdhSO˜S ™* ™1˜1 a*Y\ –`\W*4S V`\4 Z1Vd W\jd e*4dD

�*V\01E Z1Y\U a1 a˜S™1˜S ™* 4*˜`*3Sj –\Y\c 4* a,\U1™1˜1 dV\WSV\ –*˜S \™ \4+SXZ1 ™1–`1aSU1 SWS Z1V\— ™`d—\—Y1Z˜*WZ\— –\`1Y1c*U*D �V\ S Y*W\ adY[*j ™* ˜,\U ˜SZ1UOi1` `*4YSjX* ™* a1 d+SU1E `*4—\,*`*U a [SY \ ˜\Y1D �\˜O–dZ\ U1 –\—`1jZ\ —W1™Sj˜1 ™* c1 `*4—\,\` \ a*Y\d+Sa˜,d–\™a˜*cS ˜SZ1Ui1`* ™* ˜\ S dhSZSD �Z\—S YW*™S \a1˜1\W*Vj*[1 V*™ `\™S˜1XS –\V`1Zd `*4—\,\` Z* ˜d ˜1YdD�˜\—*E *V\ ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 –`S4Z* ™* SY* adSgS™Z1 YSaWSE a*O4Z*U ™* WS U1 ,1c Z1j˜\ –W*ZS`*W\ d ˜\Y –`*,gd S V\WSV\™1˜*XZ\D "˜\ U1 –W*Z ™1˜*XZSU1 `*4`*01ZE ˜\ fS˜ZSU1 Y\O`*j `1*—\,*˜SD

�1Y\U –`1˜–\a˜*,X*˜S ™* c1 ™1–`1aSU* a*Y* –`\cSD�*V S *V\ S4—W1™* ™* U1 4*Sa˜* –`\jW*E Z1Y\U YSaWS˜S ™*U1 –`\+W1Y `1j1ZD –`*,\ ad–`\˜Z\E ˜\ Y\31 +S˜S Z*UV`SO˜ShZSUS –1`S\™D ˛*j˜\H ˙\V U1 ™1˜1 d V*Zi*Y* ™d+\V1 ™1O–`1aSU1E \Z\ U1 Z1Y\cZ\ ™* a,\U1 a*Y\d+SW*hV1 YSaWSa–`\,1™1 d ™1W\D �10d˜SYE V*™ a1 Y`*hZS \+W*gS –\,dVdS ™1˜1˜d a1 ,`*˜S 1Z1`—SU*E \Z™* \Z\ Y\31 SY*˜S ™\,\XOZ\ aZ*—1 ™* dhSZS ˜*V\ Z1j˜\D

˛*Sa˜* U1 ,1WSV* ˜`*—1™SU* V*™* daW1™ \h*U* Z1VS YW*O™S `*4YSjX*Ud ™* a1+S \™d4Yd 3S,\˜D �*™* `\™S˜1XS S™`d—1 +`S3Z1 \™`*aW1 \a\+1 \+`*c*Ud –*3[d Z* d–\4\`*O,*Udc1 4Z*V1 S –`1™d4SY*Ud \Z\ j˜\ U1 –\˜`1+Z\E ˜*™* Y\—d˜1jS˜S –\˜Sj˜1Z1 YW*™1 S –\V*4*˜S ™* ad [Sf\,\ d˜\hSOj˜1 L5D �\Wd[*ZSY* 9B58MD

��

˙* WS ˜`1+* ™* aV`S,*Y a,\U +\W \™ ™1g1H�d+S˜*V +`*hZ\— ™`d—* U1 ,1\Y* +\WZ\ SaVda˜,\D � +*j

d ˜\Y –1`S\™d U1 S ˜,\Y ™1˜1˜d –\˜`1+Z* ˜,\U* –\Y\cD �*V\Yd Y\31j –\Y\cS ™* a1 S4+\`S a* a,\USY +\W\YE * ™* Z14*Z1Y*`Sj ZS a,\U* \a1c*[*H �\Vdj*U aW1™1c1B

� ˙˚� 5D ��E5:D ��˚

��˚ ��

312 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

˘ �1Y\U aV`S,*˜S a,\U* \a1c*[*D ˙\V ˜1 –\aY*˜`*E ™1˜1dhS YZ\—1 ,*3Z1 3S,\˜Z1 W1VgSU1D �*V\ dhS S V*V\ ™* a1S4+\`S a +\W\YD ˛*˜\ Z1Y\U YSaWS˜S ™* ˜`1+* ™* +d™1j U*Vd \hSY* a,\U1 ™1g1 ˜*V\ j˜\ +S d –\˜–dZ\a˜S aV`S,*\ a,\OUd –*˜[dD �\ Sf a*Y\ Y\31 –\dhS˜S ™* S \Z* ˜*V\ –\a˜d–*OUdD �10d˜SYE ˜SY1 j˜\ –\V*31j a,\Ud +\WE \Z* dh1 ™* U1h1a˜\ +\X1 S4`*4S˜S \a1c*[* Z1—\ Sf —djS˜S d a1+S S ™*U1 Z\`Y*WZ\ ™* +d™d ˜d3Z*E d4Z1YS`1Z* –* h*V S +1aZ*D

˘ �\™a˜*VZS ™1˜1 Z* `*4—\,\`D �1 ,`j1cS –`S˜Sa*V Z*a,\— *™\W1ag1Z˜*E –\Y\4S Yd ™* \˜,\`S a`g1D �V\ Yd ˜\ ˜1OjV\ –*™*E 4*j˜\ Z1 +Sa˜1 4*U1™Z\ \aY\˜`SWS 5:D –\—W*,X1\,\— ˜\Y*H �*V\01 Sa–`Sh*U YZ\—1 W1–1 da–\Y1Z1 Z* –\OV\UZSV*D �`S4Z*U ™* c1 ˜S +S˜S ˜1jV\ ™* Z*a˜*,Sj ™*X1D�*™* ™1˜1 hdU1 V*V\ a1 ˜S \a1c*jE S [1Yd c1 +S˜S W*Vj1™* V*31 V*V\ a1 \a1c*D

˘ �`Sf,*˜S a,\U1 —`*ZSg1D �1adY[S,\ 31WSj ™* +d™1jh,`a˜* –\™`jV* a,\Y ™1˜1˜d ˜\V\Y ˜\— ˜1jV\— –1`S\™*D�WS d–*Y˜S ™* aS S ˜S a˜`*jZ\ –\—\01Z —d+S˜V\Y a,\— ,\OX1Z\— +`*hZ\— ™`d—*D ˛*˜\ U1 Z1V\ ,`1Y1 ˜,\U* 1Y\gS\OZ*WZ*E Y1Z˜*WZ* S eS4ShV* aZ*—* aY*[1Z* L�\aW\,Sg168B5>MD �˜\—* Y\3™* ˜`1+* ™* 4*˜`*3Sj –\Y\c Z1V\—\™`*aW\— hW*Z* –\`\™Sg1 S –\™`jVd 4`1WSf –`SU*˜1X*D ˛*O˜`*3S˜S –\Y\c U1 4Z*V 4`1W\a˜SD �\aW\,Sg*Y* 55B6 a˜\OUSB t�d™`\a˜ U1 V\™ aV`\YZSfDr

�*U+\Xd –\™`jVd Y\31j ™\+S˜S \™ �1f\,1 �\—*E V\USa,\USY aWd—*Y* \+1c*,*B t�*E �1f\,*E ˜,\U �\—E ™`3SY ˜14* ™1aZSgd S V*31Y ˜SB G�1 +\U a1D �* cd ˜S –\Y\cSF r L�a*OSU* 85B57MD

��

�*V\ ™* a,\Y ™1˜1˜d –\Y\—Z1Y ™* SY*d`*,Z\˜131Z\ —W1™Sj˜1 \ Saf`*ZSHV\WSV\ U1 ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 –\a˜*W\ 3`˜,* Z1V\— –\`1Y1c*U*

d Saf`*ZSE j˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜SH �`,\ –\Vdj*U ™* da˜*Z\O,Sj 4*j˜\ U1 ™\jW\ ™\ ˜\—*D

��˚ ��

˙\™*˜*V 313

�`SY1c1Z\ U1 ™* YZ\—S a –\`1Y1c*U1Y d Saf`*ZS SY*OUd ,1\Y* W\jd aWSVd \ a1+SE –\ –`S`\™S ad –1`e1VgS\ZSOa˜S S –\a˜*,X*Ud a1+S ,1WSV1 4*f˜1,1D �*4S ™* ˜S Z1 ™\O–`SZ\aSj ZSU1™Z\U \™ \,Sf a˜,*`SD �4—`*0dU a,\U1 ™1˜1L5D �\Wd[*ZSY* 9B55MD

�\`1™ ˜\—*E –`1Sa–S˜*U a,\U a˜*, –`1Y* Saf`*ZS S ˜1O3SZSD ˙* WS Y\3™* Z1f\˜Sg1 –`1Z*—W*j*,*j ˜1 a˜,*`SE+SW\ `1hSY* +SW\ –\a˜d–gSY*H �1 4*+\`*,S ™* ad YW*™SU*V\ \a1˜XS,S Z* a,\U S4—W1™D �\™ Z1V\—\a1˜XS,\— ™1˜1˜*E h*V S V\Y1Z˜*` \ ˜\Y1V*V\ a1 t4*\V`d—WSW\r SWS tZ*—W\ `*4,SW\rY\31 a˜,\`S˜S Z1YS`D

�*™ d4 Y\WS˜,d `*4Y\˜`Sj ˜d a˜,*`E\Z™* SaV`1Z\ –\`*4—\,*`*U \ ˜\Y1 a* a,\USY ™1˜1˜\YD ˙*+S ˜\ da–1\E –`\+*U aW1™1c1B

˘ �*3XS,\ Sa–W*ZS`*U j˜* c1j `1cS S V*™ c1j ˜\`1cSD

˘ �*aZ\ S4`*4S a,\Ud 4*+`SZd˜\a˜ S 31Xd ™* –\Y\—Z1jD

˘ �1Y\U a1 S4Z1Z*™S˜S *V\ Sa–`,* ™1˜1 4*d4Y1 \™O+`*Y+1ZS a˜*,D

˘ �˜`–XS,\ aWdj*UD

�* V`*UdE +d™S –\™`jV* a,\Y ™1˜1˜d ™\V a1 \–\`*,X*D�*™S˜1 Z* ˜\Y1 4*U1™Z\ V*\ –\`\™Sg*I

� ˙˚� 5D ��E5>D ��˚ 6D ��E;D ��˚

��˚ ��

314 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

�*V\ ™* Z*a˜*,SY ™* –\dh*,*Y ™1gd ™df\,ZSY,`1™Z\a˜SY* S V*™ d0d d *™\W1ag1ZgSUdH�S+WSU* V*31 ™* U1 �SY\˜1U –`SY*\ ™df\,Zd –\dVd U\j

t\™ `*Z\— ™1˜S[a˜,*rE * Z1adY[S,\ S ˜S V*\ `\™S˜1X –`dO3*j ˜*V,d –\dVd a,\Y ™1˜1˜d L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B59MD �10d˜SYE

V*™* ™1g* ™\0d d *™\W1ag1Z˜aV\ ™\+*EZ*hSZ –\dh*,*[* ˜`1+* ™* a1 –`SW*—\™S[Sf\,\Y d4`*a˜dD ˙1g* a*™* –\hS[d ™*af,*˜*Ud aW\31Z1E *–a˜`*V˜Z1 ˜1Y1 V\U1ZSad Y\—W* d –\˜–dZ\a˜S af,*˜S˜S V*™* ad

+SW* Y*[*D �*™*E ,Sj1 Z1—\ SV*™*E ˜`1+* ™* SY –\Y\—OZ1j ™* V\`Sa˜1 a,\U `*4dY L�SYX*ZSY* 56B5MD

�*™* U1 –Sa*\ �SY\˜1UdE �*,W1 U1 –\Y1Zd\ a˜,*`S V\U1U1 �SY\˜1U GZ*dhS\ S d j˜* a1 d,1`S\F L6D �SY\˜1Ud 7B58MD �˜,\U *™\W1ag1Z˜ Y\3™* ˜`1+* ™* a1 d,1`S d \Z\ j˜\ dhS\™ `*Z\— ™1˜S[a˜,*D ˙* +S ™\–`\ ™\ [1—\,\— a`g*E ZSU1™\,\XZ\ a*Y\ ™* Yd V*31j j˜* ˜`1+* ™* `*™S S ,1`dU1D�`1+* ˜\ a*Y ™* Sa–S˜*D �*V\ Yd ˜S Y\31j –\Y\cSH ˛*O–\hZS ˜*V\ j˜\ c1j Yd \Y\—dcS˜S YZ\j˜,\ –`SWSV* ™*`*4YSjX* S `*4—\,*`* \ –S˜*[SY* –\–d˜B

˘ "˜* Y1 d,1`*,* ™* –\a˜\US �\—H L�SYX*ZSY* 5B6>M

˘ �*V\ ™* 4Z*Y ™* U1 ˜*hZ\ \Z\ h1Yd Y1 `\™S˜1XS –\dOh*,*Ud S4 �S+WSU1H L˙1W* *–\a˜\WaV* 5;B55M

˘ "˜* Y1 d,1`*,* ™* +S+WSUaV* Y1`SW* –\a˜\U1 4*Y\U1 ™\+`\H L�a*SU* 8<B5;E 5<M

˙��

� ˙˚� 5D ��E7<D ��˚ 6D ��E �˙ 78D˙� 7:D ��

˙��

˙\™*˜*V 315

˘ �*V\ 4Z*Y ™* c1 a1 Sa–dZS˜S +S+WSUaV* –`\`\h*ZOa˜,*H L6D �1˜`\,* 7B57C ˜V`S,1[1 65B5O8M

˘ ˛+\— h1—* ,1`dU1Y ™* a1 ZSj˜* j˜\ \,*U a,1˜ Zd™SZ1 Y\31 d–\`1™S˜S a tZ1Z*™Y*jZ\Y ,`1™Z\jcd–\4Z*,*[* �`Sa˜* �ada*rH L�SWS–X*ZSY* 7B<M

˘ "˜* �`Sa˜\,* \˜Vd–Z* 3`˜,* 4Z*hS 4* Y1Z1HL6D �\`SZc*ZSY* 9B58E 59C �*W*˜SY* 6B6>M

�\3™* a1 –W*jSj ™* –\™a˜*VZ1j a,\U1 ™1˜1 ™* `*4YSOjX* \ ˜*V,SY –S˜*[SY*E a˜`*fdUdcS ™* Z1c1 da–1˜S ™*Z*01 \™—\,\`1D �WS ˜\ +S S4—W1™*W\ V*\ ™* S4+1—*,*j ™*–\—W1™*j –\V*4S,*h —\`S,* Z* V\Y*Z™Z\U ˜*+WS a,\— *d˜*U1` a1 –W*jSj ™* c1 Y\3™* –\V*4*˜S ™* U1 `141`,\*`–`*4*ZD �V\ U1 ˜*V\E \Z™* U1 +\X1 ™* ˜\ ,S™Sj ™\V U\j Z1Oj˜\ Y\31j dhSZS˜S –\,\™\Y ˜\—*I �* Sa˜S Z*hSZE a*™* U1,`1Y1 P ™\V U1 *™\W1ag1Z˜ U\j d,1V d ˜,\U\U VdcS P ™*Yd –\Y\—Z1j ™* Z*01 \™—\,\`1 Z* –S˜*[* \ a,\USY ,1`\O,*[SY* S ™* a1 d [Sf d,1`SD�

˛*–*Y˜S ™* Z1Y* ZSj˜* W\j1 d ˜\Y1 ™* a1 ˜,\U* c1`V*SWS aSZ –S˜*UdB t˛*j˜\ ,1`dU1Y d ˜\ j˜\ ,1`dU1YHr ˙SU*OZ*E V\U* SY* 66 —\™SZ1E –`Sa1c* a1 V*V\ U1 \Z* ˜\ `*™SW*V*™ U1 +SW* ˜SZ1Ui1`V*D t˝1W1W* a*Y ™* +d™1Y –\˜–dZ\aS—d`Z* d a,\U* ,1`\,*[*rE V*31 \Z*D t�* \aZ\,d U*aZSf Sh,`a˜\ d˜1Y1X1ZSf \™—\,\`* ™\ V\USf a*Y ™\jW*E af,*˜SOW* a*Y ™* ,\WSY ˜\ j˜\ a*Y �1f\,SZ a,1™\VI �*™ —\™ +SY1 Z1V\ –S˜*\ 4*j˜\ Z1j˜\ Z1 `*™SYE U* ZSa*Y `1VW*B G�\U1 –`\˜S, Y\U1 ,1`1FE ,1cB G�\ Y\Y YSjX1[dE ˜\ ZSU1 SaO–`*,Z\DF ˙`d—SY `1hSY*E +S+WSUaV* —W1™Sj˜* ad –\a˜*W*Y\U*Dr

�`1™W\—B ˙* +S –\Y\—*\ a,\Y *™\W1ag1Z˜d ™* `*4YSOjX* d aVW*™d a +S+WSUaVSY Z*h1WSY*E V*™* S4ZSVZ1 Z1VS–`\+W1Y Z1V* \Z —WdYS `\™S˜1X*D �`SY1`* `*™SE –`1˜–\Oa˜*,SY\ ™* ˜1 c1`V* –S˜* ™* WS Y\31 ™* S™1 Z* 3d`Vd 4*

� �Ze\`Y*gSU1 S4 7:D –\—W*,X* 6D ˜\Y* Y\—d –\Y\cS *™\W1ag1Z˜SY* ™*a1 d,1`1 ™* �\— –\a˜\USD

˙��

316 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

V\Ud ˜S 4Z*j L* ,1`\,*˜Z\ S \Z*M ™* Z1 +S +SW* Z* Y1a˜dDY1a˜\ ™* V*31j ™* Z1 Y\31 ™* S™1E Y\3™* +S +\X1 +SW\™* –`1™W\3Sj Z1j˜\ \,*V\B G \W1\ +Sf ™* a1 a˜*,Sj Z*Y\U1 Y1a˜\D �*4YSaWS \ ˜\U 3d`VSE Sa˜`*3S Z1j˜\ Z* ˜d˜1Yd LY\3™* 7;D –\—W*,X1 \,\— ˜\Y* S 76D –\—W*,X1 6D ˜\OY*M S \Z™* c1Y\ ad˜`* –\–`Sh*˜SD �* cd —WdYS˜S ˜1+1 S –SO˜*cd ˜1 ™* WS Y\—d ™* S™1Y Z* ˜d 3d`VdE * ˜S c1j +S˜S ddW\4S `\™S˜1X* S `1cS c1j YS ™* WS +S ˜\ +SW* ™\+`*S™1U*DF

��

�\U ˜SZ1Ui1` U1 S4—d+S\ SZ˜1`1a\,*[1 4*™df\,Z1 a˜,*`SD "˜* Y\—d ™* d`*™SYH�*\ –`,\E Z1Y\U –`1+`4\ 4*VXdhS˜S ™* ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 \™+*O

gdU1 ˜,\Ud ,1`dD YZ\—SY aWdh*U1,SY*E d –S˜*[d U1 Z1j˜\a*a,SY ™`d—\D �1gSY\E Y\3™* U1 –\a`1™S U1™*Z \™ aW1™1OcSf `*4W\—*B

˘ ˛+\— ˜\—* j˜\ a1 ™`3S +S+WSUaVSf Z*h1W*E ™1˜1 a1ad\h*,* a –`S˜SaV\Y ,`j[*V* S ˜1jV\ Yd U1 ™* +d™1™`d—*hSU1D

˘ S™S ™`d—1 YW*™1 LY\3™* h*V +`*˜* SWS a1a˜`dMV*V\ ™df\,Z\ \™WShZ\ a˜\U1 S \a1c* ™* SY ZSU1 ZS–`ScSD

˘ �14Z1 4* –`SU*˜1XSY*E *WS a1 \a1c* da*YX1Z\ S Z1Z*W*4S a,\U1 Y1a˜\ Y10d adf`Sjc*ZSY*D

˘ S™S ™`d—1 YW*™1 tf`Sjc*Z1r V\US ,\™1 ™,\a˜`dVS3S,\˜D

˘ �\Vdj*,* ™* S4—`*™S a,\Ud WShZ\a˜ S 4*˜\ ™\,\™S d–S˜*[1 ˜,\U1 ,`1™Z\a˜SD

˘ S™S Z1V\— S4 `*4`1™* V*V\ hSZS W\j1 a˜,*`SE * S4O—W1™* Z1 aZ\aS ZSV*V,1 –\aW1™Sg1D

˘ �\Vdj*,* ™* 4*™\+SU1 Z*VW\Z\a˜`\™S˜1X* V\US ZSU1 �,1™\VD

� ˙˚� 5D ��E7=D ��˚ 6D ��E 7;D 7<D ��˚

˙��

˙\™*˜*V 317

˛*ZSYXS,\ U1 j˜\ ZSU1™*Z \™ \,Sf `*4W\—* —\˜\,\ Z1Y*,141 a ˜,\USY ,1`\,*[SY*D �`1 SY* ,141 a* daW\,SY* dV\USY* U1E +*`1Y 4*a*™E ˜1jV\ 3S,1˜S d aVW*™d a ˜SY ,1O`\,*[SY*D �˜\—*E j˜* Y\31j dhSZS˜S ™* +S \f`*+`S\a,\U1 ™1˜1H

�d™S eW1VaS+SW*ZE *WS Z1 –`1,Sj1 –\–da˜XS,D �`\O+*U ™* `*4dY1j 4*j˜\ U1 ™1˜1 \+1af`*+`1Z\ S Z*–`*,SZ1V1 S4Y1Z1 ˜*V\ ™* \Z\ SY* +\X1 \V`d31[1 4* ™df\,ZSZ*–`1™*V L�\aW\,Sg1 5:B6>MD �`SY1`* `*™SE t�W*Z1` 4*a*,W*™*,*[1 –`S˜SaV* d jV\WSr Z* 576D S 577D a˜`*ZS6D ˜\Y* Y\31 –\Y\cS ™1˜1˜d ™* S4—`*™S ,1c1 a*Y\–\Od4™*[1 ˜*V\ ™* SY* Y*[S a˜`*f \™ jV\WaVSf ™`d—\,*D �V\U1 ™1˜1 da*YX1Z\E Y\3™* c1j Y\`*˜S –`1™d41˜S Z1j˜\V\ZV`1˜Z\ S –\Y\cS Yd ™* –`\Z*01 ™\+`1 –`SU*˜1X1D

�`\Z*0S Yd ™\+*` d4\`D �*˜V*™ YW*™SY* 4Z*hS V*™*Sf f`*+`S Z1V* 4`1W* \a\+* V\U* ZSU1 hW*Z [Sf\,1 –\`\O™Sg1D ˙* WS 4Z*j Z1V\— hSU* +S ™df\,Z\a˜ +SW* Y\˜S,SjdOc* 4* ˜,\U1 ™1˜1H ˛*j˜\ Z1 +S \`—*ZS4\,*\ ™* ˜,\U1 ™1˜1–`\,\™S ,Sj1 ,`1Y1Z* a [SYH �\ Z1 4Z*hS ™* a1 \™`SOh1j a,\USf \™—\,\`Z\a˜S V*\ `\™S˜1XD �*4YSaWS \ �SY\O˜1UdD �1Yd U1 YZ\—\ –\Y\—*\ –`SY1` *–\a˜\W* �*,W*E *�*,Wd U1 ˜*V\01 4Z*hSW\ ˜\ j˜\ U1 SY*\ �SY\˜1U* 4* a*O`*™ZSV* L�SWS–X*ZSY* 6B6>E 66MD

˙\V —\™ *™\W1ag1Z˜ 3S,S –\™ ˜,\USY V`\,\YE SY*j–`*,\ ™* \h1VdU1j \™ [1—* ™* dh1a˜,dU1 d ˜,\USY ™df\,OZSY *V˜S,Z\a˜SY*D �10d˜SYE ˜,\U gSX U1 ™* d [1—* da*O™Sj Xd+*, –`1Y* �\—dE * Z1 a*Y\ ™* Y1f*ZShVS Z1j˜\\+*,X*D ˙* +S ˜,\U ˜SZ1Ui1` –`Sf,*˜S\ –`*,d `1WS—SUdE –\Oa˜*,S Yd –`SY1` ,`1™*Z \–\Z*j*[*D �d™S `*4dY*Z da,\USY \h1VS,*[SY*D �\+`SZS a1 ™* SY* ™\+*` d4\` S™\+`\ ™`dj˜,\D �*™* c1 U1™Z\— ™*Z* ˜,\U1 ™1˜1 ,1`\,*˜OZ\ `1cS Z1j˜\ –\–d˜ –a*WYSa˜1B t�1f\,* U1 a˜1Z* Y\U*E˜,`0*,* Y\U* S S4+*,S˜1X Y\Ur L�a*W*Y 5<B6MD

˙��

318 YW*™S –S˜*Ud

��

˜V`SU –`*,S d4`\V –`\+W1Y* 42

�Sa˜Sc 4* S4+\` —*`™1`\+1 82-83

�*V\ d+W*3S˜S +\W 93

�˜*,S Z* –*–S` a,\U1 YSaWS 116

�`S–`1YS a,\U \™—\,\` 127

�\US gSX1,S 139

"˜* +S ˜S d`*™SW*H 209

"˜* +S ˜S d`*™S\H 210

˙* WS U1 ˜\ Xd+*, SWS 4*Xd+X1Z\a˜H 211

˙* WS aS a–`1Y*Z ™* a˜d–Sj d +`*VH 216-217

"˜*Y\—d Z*dhS˜S S4 `*aVS™*H 224

a–Sa*VWSa˜\,* 4*–\–d[*,*[1

�Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU* Y\31j –`\Z*cSZ* aW1™1c1Y ,1+a*U˜d www.jw.org

www.jw.org/en/teenagers

˙* WS +Sa˜1 31W1WS ,Sj1 SZe\`Y*gSU*H�+`*˜S˜1 a1 �1f\,SZSY a,1™\gSY* Z* www.jw.org.

Млади питају — практични одговори на њихова питања, 1....

Documents

Transcript of Млади питају — практични одговори на њихова питања, 1....