فدرالیسم و دموکراسی
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http://www.tedbiir.com/farsi/ktabxane/Bucherpdf/FederalismS.pdf
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(Subsidiarity)
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""
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III
C
1987 MADISON/HAMILTON/JAY 5
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.2003 BERG/GRASS
2003 BERG/GRASS 6
:SKALNIK LEFF,
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GRAF VITZTHUM/MACK
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SAUNDERSKAHN, 2002, ; MOMMSEN, 1999
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12
BENZ, 2003;
:EBD
F
-
14
NZZ 27.10.2003,
15
AGRANOFF, 1999, 16
TRALTON, 1965
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:
17
STURM, 2001, F36
18
SCHARPF/REISSERT/SCHNABEL1976 72 :SCHARPF, 1988
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-
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"particularism")
-
"
(
19
HESSE 1962
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-
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20
EBD:
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HTTP:/ /WWW.KMK.ORG/SCHUL/HOME.HTM : 03.01.2005
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(cooperation)
SPIEGEL 10.01.2004
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24
TARR 2001
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25
JUN 2004
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http://www.kmk.org
http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/ezff
http://www.forumfed.org
Agranoff, Robert, Intergovernmental Relations and the Management of Asymmetry in Spain, in
Agronoff, Robert (Hrsg.), Accomodating Diversity: Asymmetry in federal States, Baden-
Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, S. 94-117
Benz, Arthur, Fderalismus und Demokratie. Eine Untersuchung zum Zusammenwirken zweier
Verfassungsprinzipien, in: polis, 57, 2003, S. 1-33
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BCKENFRDE 1998,
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[...]
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2001 LEONARDY
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LEHMBRUCH
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.
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.
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.
.
RUSSEL
SCH_TTEMEYER/STURM
HOUSE OF LORDS RUSSEK
SCH_TTEMEYER/STURM
.
HAAS
SCH_TTEMEYER/STURM,
-
(Union)
:HAASRIESCHER
-
SINCLAIR
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(dezentral)
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Stnderat
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RIESCHER
SINCLAIR
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ADAMSKI
KROPP/STURM
LEHMBRUCH
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.
:
http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/fs20050126_2bvf000103.html
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MIELKE/REUTE
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MIELKE/REUTE
JUN
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) "Hartz4
Hartz4
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konnexitt
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KONNEXITT
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-
BGB1 I
HTTP://DIP.BUNDESTAG.DE/GESTA/15/D034.PDF. :GESTA
:"
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:
OATEOATES/INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 1977 OLSON, 1969 HANS J_RGENS, 2001
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...
61
OECD, 2002
-
:
Goods and Services Tax
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-
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62
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63
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-
(Konnexitt)
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KREUDER, 1997
66
CONLAN/RIGGLE/SCHWARTZ, 1995
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(Canada Health and Social Transfer(CHST))
(Equalization Payments)
.
67 STURM, 1989,
69
SCHULTZE, 2004, 203, OECD,2001, 81
70
CONLAN, 1998
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Topology
-
-
Wohlstandsstaat)
71
FELD, 2004, 42
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72
TELFORD, 2003
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/
OECD
1.74
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:
:
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73 OECD, 2003, 82
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:
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:
OECD
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HTTP://DIP.BUNDESTAG.DE/GESTA/14/B107/.PDF
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(Stndemehr)
SCHILLER/MITTENDORF (HRSG.),
PEHLE
.
ERNE
-
-
...
REHMET,
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Konkordanzsystem
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CVP
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79 LINDER, 1999, 221
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WINFRIED STEFFANI
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MAURICE DUVERGER
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."primaries"
("convention" \ "caucus")
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-
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80
1997SCHUTZE
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2004
GRANDE, 2002, HRBEK (HRSG),
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89
SALMORE/SALMORE, 1993, HAMM/MONCRIEF, 1999, 159
90
SCHULTZE, 1982, 135
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-
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91
DECKER/BLUMENTHAL, 2002, JEFFERY/HOUGH, 2001, 108
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"
92
LEHMBRUCH, 1998, 181
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93
LEHMBRUCH, 1998, 82
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94
SCH_TTEMEYER/STURM, 2005
95
BORCHERT/STOLZ, 2003, 157
-
96
STOLZ, 2003, 228
97
EBD, 243
-
-
-
98
BUJGER, 2004
BDIFAZ
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BENZ,2003, BORCHARD/MARGEDANT (HRSG.), 2004, DECKER, 2004A, DECKER, 2004B
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:
-
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THAYSEN, 2004AHRBEK, 2003, 9
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LEONARDY (HRSG.), 2002
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106
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FISCHER, 2000 BAYERN108
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FFHRDIGER VORWERK, 1998 & ZIMMERMANN STEINHART,2003
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110 HAGEL_KEN, 2000
HTTP://WWW.BFN.DE/03/030303.HTM
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THYSEN, 2004B
-
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119
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DARNSTDT, 2003HERBEK/EPPLER (HRSG.), 2003, 143 146
MATTHIAS GEISDIE ZEIT, 22.12.2002, 4
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125
LEHMBRUCH, 2002, DWCKER, 2004B, JUN, 2004
126
TSEBLIS, 1990
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HILZ, 153 2004BAGDANOR (2001)
T_BINGEN
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STURM/PEHLE, 2005AXT, 2000
132
BRUSIS, 2002
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Regim
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133
STURM, 2004, 193198
134
STURM, 2004
135
NEUMANN/UTERWEDDE, 1997, 14F
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"tutelle"
136
GARSZTECKI, 2001
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(Devolution)
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"
"
137
JEOFFRY/PALMER, 2000, 327
STURM, 1981, 151FF
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BOGDANOR, 164 2001140
STURM, 2004, 184
141
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:
Home Rule
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142
JEFFRY/PALMER, 2000, 326F
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143
THE GUARDIAN (NORTHEAST ), 05.11.2004, 7
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"conseil regional"
"tutelle"
NEUMANN/UTERWEDDE, 1997, UTERWEDDE, 1702000
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kommune
departmentregion
(region)
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146
NEUMANN/UTERWEDDE, 1997, 42
147
NEUMANN/UTERWEDDW, 1997, 47
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poitou-charentes
--
148
UTERWEDDE, 2000, 160
"CONGRES"
-
(region)
Konnexitt
HTTP://WWW.CONSEILCONSTITUTIONELL.FR/TEXTES/CONSTIL.PDF
-
""
UTERWEDDE,2003 153
LIBERATION, SARKOZY , 03.06.2003
UTERWEDDE,2002
ZIMMERMANN STEINHART,2004
-
"vote bloquee"
region
regionalregion
BLOQUEE" "VOTE
-
(paradox)
(proximite)
(egalite)
-
157
PERRIN, 2003
158
DAVEZIES, 2003, 32
159
ZIMMERMANN STEINHART, 2004
-
""
wojwod
160
VAN EECKHOUT, 2004
161
GARSZTECKI, 2001
162
GARSZTECKI, 2003
163
BOKAJLO, 2000, 343
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164
GARSZTECKI, 2004, 264
(ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE)HTTP://EUROPA.EU.INT/SCADPLUS/LEG/DE/CIG/G4000B.HTM
-
NUTS-
166
GARSZTECKI, 2001, 318
NUTSNOMENCLATURE DES UNITES TERRITORIALES STATISTIQUES(EUROSTAT)
NUTS
NUTS
HTTP://WWW.EUROPA.EU.INT/COMM/REGIONALPOLICY/FUNDS/PRORD/GUIDE/GU111DE.HTM
NUTSHTTP://EUROPA.EU.INT/COMM/EUROSTAT/RAMON/NUTS/OVERVIEW MAPSEN.CFM?LIST=NUTS
168
GARSZTECKI, 2004
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169
BOKAJLO, 2000, 347
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BRUSIS, 2002, 544
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:
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:
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171
GARSZTECKI, 2003
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:
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172
ILLNER, 2002
173
BRIZOVA/MARYSKA, 2001, 319
174
WEISS, 2001 & 2003
175
BRUSIS, 2002, 547
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(kraje)
""
HRICH/LARISCHOVA, 2000,359
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(ODS)
178
HRICH/LARISCHOVA, 2000, 362
179
WEISS, 2003, 306
180
BRIZOVA, 2002, 414
181
WEISS, 2001
182
WEISS, 2003
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NUTS
NUTS
183
WEISS, 2003
184
HRICH/LARISCHOVA, 2000
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: x
:
) xx
(
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x
xxdirect rule)(de jure)
xxx
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Chapter 5: Critique of federalism5.1. Problems of federalism in Germany5.2. Joint committee of the two houses of parliaments to reform the federal system5.3. PerspectiveChapter 6: Decentralising, an option for federalism in Europe?6.1. Reasons for and factors of the centralisation6.2. Problems of decentralisation6.3. Process of decentralisation in Europe6.3.1. Great Britain6.3.2. France6.3.3. Poland6.3.4. Czech Republic6.4. Conclusion
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Table of Contents
Section I: Centralism or federalism? Democracy as a universal value Amartya Sen Pervasive unanimity on national identity is a basic prerequisite for a demo-cratic system Dr. Mohammad Amin Ahmadi Challenges and obstacles to democracy and federalism in Afghanistan Prof. Dr. Mohammad Taher Hashemi Federalism, a way for creation of national understanding and citizen participa-tion in the republics decisions Abdul Latif PedramSection II: An Introduction to federalism Roland Sturm & Petra Zimmermann SteinhardtChapter 1: Theoretical and systematic foundations1.1 Federal system, confederal system1.2 Principal reasons for asserting federalism federalism and democracy1.3 Problems of federalism1.4 Subsidiarity, solidarity and competitionChapter 2: Institutions of federalism2.1. Basic laws constitutional policy2.2. Division of powers and policy on various levels2.3. Participation of member states in federal legislation: State parliaments and dispute settlement mechanism2.4. Significance of state parliaments for executive federalism2.5. Status of cities in federal systemsChapter 3: Financial system under federalismChapter 4: Political willpower under federalism4.1. Mechanisms of direct democracy4.2. Government systems and elections4.3 Competition of political parties and government forming4.4 Course of political career
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Federalism and DemocracyPolitis asia: 10-11Compiled: Guissou Jahangiri & Jawad Darwaziyan with the cooperation of Shourangiz DadashiEdited: Khalil Rostamkhani & Shourangiz DadashiPublished: Armanshahr FoundationLayout & Cover Design: Rooholamin AminiTypesetting: Kabir Ahmad NeshatFirst Edition: 2011Print run: 1,000Printing press: Matbae Maslaki Afghanistan, Kabul, AfghanistanAll rights reserved for the publisher
This book has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union and Open Society Afghanistan. The publication of this book is the responsibility of Armanshahr
Foundation and the contents are the responsibility of the writers and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the above -mentioned institutions.
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Politis Asia 10-11